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Journal articles on the topic 'Hymenoptera'
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1
Álvarez-Parra, Sergio, and Dany Azar. "The Wasps (Hymenoptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese and Spanish Ambers." Fossil Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fossils2020005.
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Hymenoptera is the fourth-most diverse insect order today, including wasps, bees, bumblebees, and ants. They show a wide panoply of modes of life, such as herbivory, predation, parasitoidism, pollination, and eusociality. This group also includes a great number of extinct species from both amber and compression outcrops. Hymenopterans probably originated in the Paleozoic, although their oldest record is from the Middle or Late Triassic, and their diversity expanded since the Cretaceous. Here, we present a review of the Hymenoptera in Lower Cretaceous ambers from Lebanon (Barremian) and Spain (Albian), which is pivotal for the study of hymenopteran evolution. Hymenoptera in Lebanese ambers are represented by 32 species in 22 genera within 15 families, while in Spanish ambers, they correspond to 49 species in 40 genera within 18 families. Most of these species belong to the ‘Parasitica’, and only a few species have been assigned to the Aculeata. The group ‘Symphyta’ is represented by one species in Spanish amber. The paleobiogeography and possible paleobiologies of the species in these ambers are reviewed. Furthermore, checklists for all Hymenoptera species in Lebanese and Spanish ambers are provided.
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Tawakkal, Muhammad Iqbal, Akhmad Rizali, Anik Larasati, Adha Sari, Purnama Hidayat, and Damayanti Buchori. "Tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 16, no. 3 (2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.16.3.151.
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<p>Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders in the world, one of which is its role as a natural enemy (parasitoids, predators). Land conversion can affect the diversity and composition of the parasitoid Hymenoptera and its ecological role. This study aims to examine the effect of land use types on the diversity and composition of hymenopterans parasitoid in Jambi. The study was conducted on various types of land use in the Harapan Forest landscape and Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD), Jambi Province including forests, rubber forests, oil palm plantations, and rubber plantations. Insect sampling was conducted from March to September 2013, using fogging techniques. A total of 14,258 hymenopteran parasitoid individuals consisting of 30 families were obtained from all study sites. Encyrtidae, Braconidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, and Platigasteridae families are found in high abundance. Oil palm land use types are found to have different parasitoid compositions compared to other land use types, while forest and rubber forest land use types have high species composition. The results of this study indicate that the type of land use affects the diversity and composition of hymenopteran parasitoid species.</p>
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Cameron, Stephen L., Mark Dowton, Lyda R. Castro, et al. "Mitochondrial genome organization and phylogeny of two vespid wasps." Genome 51, no. 10 (2008): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-066.
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We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of Abispa ephippium (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae: Eumeninae) and most of the mitochondrial genome of Polistes humilis synoecus (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae: Polistinae). The arrangement of genes differed between the two genomes and also differed slightly from that inferred to be ancestral for the Hymenoptera. The genome organization for both vespids is different from that of all other mitochondrial genomes previously reported. A number of tRNA gene rearrangements were identified that represent potential synapomorphies for a subset of the Vespidae. Analysis of all available hymenopteran mitochondrial genome sequences recovered an uncontroversial phylogeny, one consistent with analyses of other types of data.
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Gokhman, Vladimir E. "Chromosome study of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): from cytogenetics to cytogenomics." Comparative Cytogenetics 17 (November 1, 2023): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.112332.
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A brief overview of the current stage of the chromosome study of the insect order Hymenoptera is given. It is demonstrated that, in addition to routine staining and other traditional techniques of chromosome research, karyotypes of an increasing number of hymenopterans are being studied using molecular methods, e.g., staining with base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), including microdissection and chromosome painting. Due to the advent of whole genome sequencing and other molecular techniques, together with the “big data” approach to the chromosomal data, the current stage of the chromosome research on Hymenoptera represents a transition from Hymenoptera cytogenetics to cytogenomics.
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Rasplus, Jean-Yves, Claire Villemant, Paiva Maria Rosa, Gérard Delvare, and Alain Roques. "Hymenoptera. Chapter 12." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 669–776. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.55.
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We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species and 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) represent together with ants (Formicidae) about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The three most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species representing 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55) and Formicidae (42) while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. The first two families are associated with mealybugs, a group that also included numerous aliens to Europe. In addition, they are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. These introductions mostly concerned phytophagous or gall-maker species (76 %), less frequently parasitoids. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 and 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%) and Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.) and Spain (90 spp.) but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural and horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland and forest habitats. Ecological and economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids that are suspected to displace native parasitoids by competition, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated.
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Ramadhan, Idham Cholik, Manap Trianto, and Dirham Dirham. "Survey for hymenopteran parasitoids from forest stand and rice field area." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 2 (2022): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3305.
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Hymenopteran order is an order of insects that is useful for pollinating plants, producing honey and wax and can kill insects that harm plants (pests). This study aims to determine the results of collections of Hymenoptera parasitoid insects from forest stands and rice fields. The research was carried out in January-March 2019. The sampling locations were carried out in two types of areas, namely forest stands and rice fields. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the two orders of insects that had a dominant number from the collection were the Order Diptera and Order Hymenoptera. The number of Hymenoptera insects in the forest stands and rice fields were 1.586 individuals and 2.179 individuals, respectively, with a total of 21 families of parasitoid insects. The use of separators in the collection of Hymenoptera parasitoid insects has several advantages compared to using other insect net, namely making it easier to collect insects and the number of insects caught is also higher.
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Wang, Bo, Jin-Hua Xiao, Sheng-Nan Bian, Hai-Feng Gu, and Da-Wei Huang. "Adaptive evolution of vertebrate-type cryptochrome in the ancestors of Hymenoptera." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (2013): 20120958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0958.
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One of the most mysterious aspects of insect clock mechanisms is that some insects, including Hymenoptera and Tribolium , only express a vertebrate-type cryptochrome ( cry2 ). It is unknown whether or not cry2 underwent adaptive evolution in these insects. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cry2 from a fig pollinator species, Ceratosolen solmsi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), and examined the molecular evolution and daily expression of this gene. Our results suggest that cry2 underwent positive selection in the branch leading to hymenopteran insects. The function of CRY2 might have been fixed since undergoing natural selection in the ancestor of Hymenoptera. Male pollinators showed stronger rhythmicity in the host figs, which reflect an adaptation to their life cycles.
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Gokhman, Vladimir E. "Chromosome study of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): from cytogenetics to cytogenomics." Comparative Cytogenetics 17, no. () (2023): 239–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.112332.
Full textAbstract:
A brief overview of the current stage of the chromosome study of the insect order Hymenoptera is given. It is demonstrated that, in addition to routine staining and other traditional techniques of chromosome research, karyotypes of an increasing number of hymenopterans are being studied using molecular methods, e.g., staining with base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH), including microdissection and chromosome painting. Due to the advent of whole genome sequencing and other molecular techniques, together with the "big data" approach to the chromosomal data, the current stage of the chromosome research on Hymenoptera represents a transition from Hymenoptera cytogenetics to cytogenomics.
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Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., and Denis J. Brothers. "Two new hymenopteran fossils from the mid-Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Jurapriidae, Evaniidae)." African Invertebrates 48, no. 1 (2007): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667509.
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Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Brothers, Denis J. (2007): Two new hymenopteran fossils from the mid-Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Jurapriidae, Evaniidae). African Invertebrates 48 (1): 193-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7667509
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Vas, Zoltán, and Csaba Kutasi. "Hymenoptera from caves of Bakony Mountains, Hungary – an overlooked taxon in hypogean research." Subterranean Biology 19 (September 16, 2016): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.10016.
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There are no known troglobiotic hymenopterans, although a few species regularly occur in caves, usually for an inactive phase of their life-cycles. During a recent faunistical survey of the invertebrate fauna of Bakony Mountains’ caves (Hungary) several Hymenoptera specimens were collected in hypogean environments. In this paper we report the results of the survey regarding Hymenoptera. Although the Hymenoptera material was small in numbers, they provided valuable faunistical data: very rare or rarely collected species were found, and 5 taxa are first reported from hypogean environment. Aclastus longicauda Horstmann (Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) was found new to the Hungarian fauna, considerably extending the distributional area of this species that has been known only from Northern Europe so far. Our local results clearly indicate that, both at local and world-wide level, research focusing on the usually overlooked Hymenoptera fauna of caves will certainly provide valuable faunistical, distributional and biogeographical data.
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Mitra, Aniruddha. "Function of the Dufour's gland in solitary and social Hymenoptera." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35 (October 25, 2013): 33–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.4783.
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The poison gland and Dufour’s gland are the two glands associated with the sting apparatus in female Apocrita (Hymenoptera). While the poison gland usually functions as an integral part of the venom delivery system, the Dufour’s gland has been found to differ in its function in various hymenopteran groups. Like all exocrine glands, the function of the Dufour’s gland is to secrete chemicals, but the nature and function of the secretions varies in different taxa. Functions of the Dufour’s gland secretions range from serving as a component of material used in nest building, larval food, and pheromones involved in communicative functions that are important for both solitary and social species. This review summarizes the different functions reported for the Dufour’s gland in hymenopterans, illustrating how the Dufour’s gland secretions can be adapted to give rise to various functions in response to different challenges posed by the ways of life followed by different taxa. Aspects of development, structure, chemistry and the evolution of different functions are also touched upon briefly.
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Rasmussen, Claus, and Adrian Ardila-Camacho. "New host record for the enigmatic Neotropical mantidfly genus Anchieta Navás, 1909 (Neuroptera, Mantispidae), a mimic of wasps and stingless bees." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (June 4, 2021): e20216155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.55.
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Species of Symphrasinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) are ectoparasitoids of larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects, primarily of Hymenoptera in their larval stages. Herein we present the third case of an association between the mantidfly genus Anchieta Navás, 1909 with the order Hymenoptera. The hymenopteran species attacked by the as of yet undescribed species of Anchieta is Montezumia dimidiata Saussure, 1852 (Vespidae: Eumeninae), a predacious wasp that constructs mud nests. The association was observed in Peruvian Amazonia (near Tarapoto, San Martín), after rearing the mantidflies from a wasp nest. The biology and mimicry pattern with stingless bees of the reared Anchieta species is discussed.
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Foelker, Christopher J., Christopher R. Standley, Dylan Parry, and Melissa K. Fierke. "Complex ecological relationships among an assemblage of indigenous hymenopteran parasitoids, the exotic European woodwasp (Sirex noctilio; Hymenoptera: Siricidae), and a native congener." Canadian Entomologist 148, no. 5 (2016): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.6.
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AbstractWe collected naturally infested Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae) and P. sylvestris Linnaeus to investigate phenological patterns and quantify parasitism by a suite of native hymenopteran parasitoids on two woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): the invading non-native European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, and a co-colonising native, S. nigricornis Fabricius. We sampled a total of 76 trees from two field sites in 2010 and seven sites in 2011. In raw abundance, S. noctilio outnumbered S. nigricornis by 2:1 in 2010 and by 7.5:1 in 2011. We collected the egg/early instar parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae); four species of Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) late larval parasitoids; and Pseudorhyssa nigricornis (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a cleptoparasitoid of rhyssines. Variation in siricid and parasitoid species assemblage and abundance was explained primarily by site, with tree-level factors playing a secondary role. Parasitism was significantly lower in P. sylvestris (13.6%±4.1 SE), a naturalised pine from Europe, than in the native P. resinosa (28.5%±5.0). Total parasitism was 27.6%±5.0 in 2010 and 20.9%±4.7 in 2011. This study represents the most robust analysis of the diverse woodwasp and parasitoid assemblage infesting pines in North America.
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Witharana, E. W. R. A. "<em>Hymenoptera</em> (wasps, bees and ants) envenomation; a neglected tropical disorder in Sri Lanka." Journal of the Ceylon College of Physicians 54, no. 1 (2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccp.v54i1.7992.
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Sri Lanka is a tropical agricultural country in which a huge number of insect species have been reported. Bees, wasps, and ants belong to the order Hymenoptera mostly living in a colony, and colony members attack humans aggressively when they are disturbed. However, Hymenopterans are important in many ways such as pollination service to the agricultural and wild plants, honey production, natural pest control for crops, and being members of the food chains. Therefore, we should help to conserve Hymenopterans while safeguarding ourselves from them.Unpublished data confirm that thousands of hospital admissions and 15-30 deaths after insect stings in Sri Lanka annually. When Hymenopterans are disturbed, they sting the victims and inject venom as a defense mechanism. Immunological reactions and toxic effects are common clinical presentations after the Hymenoptera sting. Fatal anaphylaxis, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, acute myocardial infarction (Kounis syndrome), bowel gangrene, cerebral infarction, acute pulmonary oedema, multi organ failure, limb ischaemia and haemolytic anaemia have been reported in Sri Lanka.
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Niwa, Christine G. "PARASITES AND PREDATORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PONDEROSA PINE TIP MOTH, RHYACIONIA ZOZANA (KEARFOTT) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA AND OREGON." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 10 (1988): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120881-10.
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AbstractSixteen hymenopteran and one dipteran species of parasites were recovered from Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) larvae and pupae collected in California and Oregon. Total percentage parasitism was high, averaging 47.2% in quantitative studies. The ichneumonid wasp, Glypta zozanae Walley and Barron, was the most abundant parasite, attacking over 30% of the hosts collected. Parasitization rates were presented for each parasite species recovered. Two suspected predators, Phyllobaenus binotatus (Chapin) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Leptothorax sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found in association with R. zozana cocoons. A single Aegilips sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) was recovered from a host cocoon; the relation between this parasite and R. zozana is as yet undetermined. Parasite biologies were discussed.
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ROUSSE, PASCAL. "HymenoKeys, an interactive matrix keys system to identify Hymenoptera families and Ichneumonidae subfamilies." Zootaxa 5584, no. 2 (2025): 228–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.4.
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The identification of higher taxa of Hymenoptera is often challenging. It relies on dichotomous keys, very few of them covering the whole order. Moreover, Hymenoptera taxonomy has greatly changed during the past 30 years, making these few tools outdated. To my knowledge, no geographically and taxonomically comprehensive interactive key exists for the order. To address this, Hymenokeys, a set of interactive keys developed on the XPer3 platform, is presented and its expected outputs discussed. It includes all currently described hymenopteran families and the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae. The ambition is for this to be an open access, user-friendly, reliable and evolving tool for diagnosticians, to complement the existing classical dichotomous keys.
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Pereira, A. G., R. B. Silva, M. M. Dias, and A. M. Penteado-Dias. "Study on the Hymenoptera parasitoid associated with Lepidoptera larvae in reforestation and agrosilvopastoral systems at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste) São Carlos, SP, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 (2015): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.21913.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the local fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in areas of reforestation and agrosilvopastoral systems at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). Lepidoptera larvae collected with entomological umbrella were kept in the laboratory until emergence of adults or their parasitoids. From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral system, emerged 267 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids belonging to 16 genera: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus), Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). From the Lepidoptera larvae collected in the reforestation, emerged 68 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids, belonging to 8 genera: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia), Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops) and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). The results of this study suggest the occurrence of a wide variety of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the studied environments.
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KONDO, TAKUMASA, and DAVID W. ROUBIK. "Description of a new ant- and stingless-bee-loving species of Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Ecuador living inside internodes of Cecropia (Urticaceae), with an updated key to the adult females and first-instar nymphs of the genus." Zootaxa 5190, no. 4 (2022): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5190.4.4.
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A new soft scale species, Cryptostigma cecropiaphilum Kondo & Roubik, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), is described from specimens collected from inside hollow branches (internodes) of Cecropia ficifolia Warb. ex Snethl and Cecropia sciadophylla Mart. (Urticaceae), in Orellana province, Ecuador. The new species was found in association with three mutualistic hymenopterans: two species of Plebeia Schwarz, subgenus Nanoplebeia Engel (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini), and Azteca sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae). The new species of coccid is described based on the morphology of the adult female and first-instar nymph. Keys to the known adult females and first-instar nymphs of Cryptostigma Ferris are provided.
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Sabuero, Geneva, Nick Anthony Burias, and Ian Niel Dela Cruz. "Hymenopteran Fauna of Andanan Watershed Forest Reserve in Caraga Region, Philippines." Journal of Ecosystem Science and Eco-Governance 6, no. 1 (2024): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54610/jeseg.v6i1.115.
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The hymenopteran fauna plays a crucial role in the ecosystem, serving as primary pollinators and acting as biological controls essential in the interrelationships in the community. This study assessed various groups of Hymenoptera occurring in Andanan Watershed Forest Reserve from collected samples through sweeping, light trapping, and opportunistic sampling. A total of 36 species of hymenopterans were identified, belonging to 30 genera, 20 subfamilies, 11 families, and four superfamilies. One genus of Scoliidae – Phalerimeris, with one species, P. aurulenta, and a single species of Liacos – L. semperi, are reported in the Philippines for the first time, while the sphecine wasp Isodontia is a new record to Mindanao island. Formicidae is the most abundant family comprising 40% of all the collected individuals. Other groups with significant numbers include the families Apidae and Vespidae. Additional families present in the area include social apoid bees Halictidae and solitary bees Megachilidae. Predatory apoid wasps Crabronidae and Sphecidae, predatory vespoid wasps Pompilidae, Mutillidae, Scoliidae, and the parasitoid wasps Ichneumonidae were also reported. Anthropogenic activities and human interventions are also observed in the area, which may pose threats to the diversity of hymenopteran fauna in the forest reserve.
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Mazumdar, Santosh, and Badrul Amin Bhuiya. "Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 4 (2016): 8714. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2741.8.4.8714-8718.
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The objective of this study was to determine hymenopteran parasitoids attacking leafminers (Agromyzidae: Diptera) in Bangladesh. Four parasitoid species, viz. Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) and Cirrospilus sp. belonging to family Eulophidae and Opius sp. under family Braconidae of the order Hymenoptera are reported as new to the fauna of Bangladesh. All parasitoids were reared from three agromyzid flies namely Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, Melanagromyza obtusa Mallochand and Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon).
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Adarkwah, C., C. Ulrichs, S. Schaarschmidt, et al. "Potential of Hymenopteran larval and egg parasitoids to control stored-product beetle and moth infestation in jute bags." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 4 (2014): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000285.
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AbstractThe control of stored-product moths in bagged commodities is difficult because the developmental stages of the moths are protected by the bagging material from control measures such as the application of contact insecticides. Studies were carried out to assess the ability of Hymenopteran parasitoids to locate their hosts inside jute bags in the laboratory. The ability of different parasitoids to penetrate jute bags containing rice was investigated in a controlled climate chamber. Few Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) passed through the jute material while a high percentage of Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were able to enter the Petri-dishes. Significantly more L. distinguendus and T. elegans entered compared to H. hebetor. There was significant difference in the mean percentage parasitoids invading depending on species. Head capsules and/or thorax widths were measured in order to determine whether the opening in the jute material would be large enough for entry of the parasitoids. These morphometric data differed depending on parasitoid species and sex. The parasitoid Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) did not enter the bags, but located host larvae inside the jute bags and parasitized rice moths Corcyra cephalonica larvae by stinging through the jute material. Venturia canescens significantly reduced the number of C. cephalonica adults emerging from the bagged rice; therefore, it could be released in storage rooms containing bagged rice for biological control of C. cephalonica. The use of parasitoids to suppress stored-product insect pests in bagged commodities could become a valuable supplement to the use of synthetic pesticides.
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Noor-ul-Ane, Muhammad, and Chuleui Jung. "Supercooling Points (SCPs) of Social Hymenopterans, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Vespa velutina(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Journal of Apiculture 36, no. 2 (2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17519/apiculture.2021.06.36.2.71.
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Holmes, V. Renee, and J. Spencer Johnston. "The Innate Immune Response of Eusocial Hymenopterans to Viral Pathogen Challenge." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 115, no. 2 (2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab047.
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Abstract In recent years, insect immunology has expanded rapidly in research interest, and available literature has expanded in kind. Insects combat pathogens through a range of behavioral and physiological immune defenses. The need for robust immunity is especially important to eusocial insects; nestmate proximity increases exposure to and transmission of pathogens. Further, eusociality involves cohabitation of thousands of individuals with characteristically reduced genetic variability, in turn increasing susceptibility to epidemic disease outbreaks. To combat this, they have developed diverse responses to pathogens, including individual innate immune defenses, social immunity, and secretion of potent glandular chemicals. The range of immune responses is as diverse as the pathogens presenting the threat, and of these, viruses may present the greatest challenge. Social immunity employed by Hymenoptera and has been reviewed whereas a review has not been developed to our knowledge addressing innate immunity of eusocial Hymenopterans to viral pathogenic invaders. We argue that such a review is important to advancement of understanding of Hymenopteran biology and is critical to applied interests. We argue further that the implications of eusocial Hymenopteran innate immunity are far-reaching; their success is a source of both substantial economic loss in the case of invasive ants and significant economic gain in the case of the honey bee Apis mellifera.
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Bennett, Andrew M. R. "Global diversity of hymenopterans (Hymenoptera; Insecta) in freshwater." Hydrobiologia 595, no. 1 (2007): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9036-y.
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Mohammad Naser, Nur Badrina, Wafiqah Ismail, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil, Nur ‘Aliyaa Nizam, Kamarul Ariffin Hambali, and Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta. "Preliminary study on hymenopteran distribution and abundance from island ecosystem of Tuba Island Forest Reserve, Langkawi." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 9, no. 2 (2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.788.
Full textAbstract:
The study was performed to determine the diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera across the environmental gradient ranging from fringe forest, mid forest to inner forest. The study was conducted in a selected area of Tuba Island Forest Reserve from 17th to 21st September 2020 using Malaise trap, an insect capturing trap. During this study, a total of 133 individuals of Hymenoptera were sampled from 12 families and 27 morphospecies. Hymenoptera was most abundantly found in the forest fringe with 64 individuals (11 families, 25 morphospecies) and least abundant in the inner forest with 26 individuals (7 families, 8 morphospecies). The top three highest number of individuals recorded were Formicidae (43 individuals), Braconidae (28 individuals) and Ichneumonidae with 27 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') showed that the forest fringe had the highest diversity value with H'=1.80 while the lowest was recorded in the mid forest with H'=1.43. The Evenness Index (E’) was highest at mid forest (E’=0.81) and the Margalef Richness Index (R’) value recorded the highest at forest fringe indicating a high species richness with R’=2.40. Kruskal-Wallis test reveals that the distribution of Hymenopterans from the forest fringe to the inner forest did not differ significantly with P>0.05. High similarities in microclimate variables (monsoon season, temperature, humidity, and light intensity), resources availability, forest features, hiding places, and the presence of predators are among the factors influencing the homogeneity of the composition and abundance of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island. This study is the first checklist of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island and can be utilised as a baseline dataset for further ecological research at Tuba Island.
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Toorani, A. H., H. Abbasipour, and L. Dehghan-Dehnavi. "Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, Encarsia berlesei Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by Aphytis proclia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.
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Starr, Christopher K., Robert S. Jacobson, and William L. Overal. "Justin Schmidt’s originality." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97 (April 24, 2024): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.121387.
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The research career of Justin O. Schmidt (1947–2023) is reviewed and assessed. The pioneering nature of his research lay in treating the defensive means and tactics of aculeate hymenoptera and some arachnids as features of their overall anti-predator strategies. He devised methods for comparing the effects of hymenopteran venoms and stings that challenged the assumed correlation between venom potency and the pain that it induces.
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Starr, Christopher K., Robert S. Jacobson, and William L. Overal. "Justin Schmidt's originality." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97 (April 24, 2024): 297–306. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.121387.
Full textAbstract:
The research career of Justin O. Schmidt (1947–2023) is reviewed and assessed. The pioneering nature of his research lay in treating the defensive means and tactics of aculeate hymenoptera and some arachnids as features of their overall anti-predator strategies. He devised methods for comparing the effects of hymenopteran venoms and stings that challenged the assumed correlation between venom potency and the pain that it induces.
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Voss, Jameson D., Richard Kugblenu, Khabira Salter, Lucas Johnson, and Will К. Reeves. "Case series of 23 deaths from Hymenoptera stings among United States Air Force populations." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48 (March 1, 2016): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7905.
Full textAbstract:
Medical conditions arising from hymenopteran sting allergy or mass envenomation are a serious health concern, particularly in austere environments. Both practicing allergists and entomological pest control personnel should consider the relevance of stinging insects when responding to problems with Hymenoptera. Recent occupational reviews of civilian deaths from insect bites and stings prompted our review of the US Air Force Mortality Registry to determine the relevance of insect stings and bites as a cause of death in the US Air Force. After reviewing over 40 years of death records we identified 23 death records, among US Air Force Active duty, guard, or retirees that arose directly from hymenopteran stings.
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Popovici, Ovidiu, Istvan Miko, Katja Seltmann, and Andrew Deans. "The maxillo-labial complex of Sparasion (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 37 (March 28, 2014): 77–111. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.5206.
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Hymenopterans have evolved a rich array of morphological diversity within the maxillo-labial complex. Although the character system has been extensively studied and its phylogenetic implications revealed in large hymenopterans, e.g. in Aculeata, it remains comparatively understudied in parasitoid wasps. Reductions of character systems due to the small body size in microhymenoptera make it difficult to establish homology and limits the interoperability of morphological data. We describe here the maxillo-labial complex of an ancestral platygastroid lineage, <i>Sparasion</i>, and provide an ontology-based model of the anatomical concepts related to the maxillo-labial complex (MLC) of Hymenoptera. The possible functions and putative evolutionary relevance of some anatomical structures of the MLC in <i>Sparasion</i> are discussed. Anatomical structures are visualized with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.
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Chen, Hua-Yan, Hong-Liang Li, Hong Pang, Chao-Dong Zhu, and Yan-Zhou Zhang. "Investigating the Parasitoid Community Associated with the Invasive Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis in Southern China." Insects 12, no. 4 (2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040290.
Full textAbstract:
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an emerging invasive insect pest in China. Hymenopteran parasitoids are the key organisms for suppressing populations of P. solenopsis in the field, and therefore could be used as biological agents. Accurate identification of the associated parasitoids is the critical step to assess their potential role in biological control. In this study, we facilitated the identification of the parasitoid composition of P. solenopsis using an integrated approach of species delimitation, combining morphology with molecular data. Eighteen Hymenoptera parasitoid species belonging to 11 genera of four families are recognized based on morphological examination and molecular species delimitation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene and the 28S rDNA using the automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and the Bayesian Poisson tree processes model (bPTP). Among these species, eight species are primary parasitoids with Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) being the dominant taxon, while the other 10 species are probably hyperparasitoids, with a prevalence of Cheiloneurus nankingensis Li & Xu (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). These results indicate that parasitoid wasps associated with P. solenopsis from China are diverse and the integrated taxonomic approach applied in this study could enhance the accurate identification of these parasitoids that should be assessed in future biological control programs.
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Wang, Xiao-Yi, Liang-Ming Cao, Zhong-Qi Yang, Jian J. Duan, Juli R. Gould, and Leah S. Bauer. "Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera." Canadian Entomologist 148, no. 3 (2015): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.57.
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AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.
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Nabhan, Mounir, Ziad Shiekh Khamis, and Baraah Hawis. "Parasitoid Wasps of Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea in Cotton Fields in Hama Governorate, Syria: New Records and Some Biological Aspects." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 3 (2023): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.3.306313.
Full textAbstract:
Nabhan, M., Z.Sh. Khamis and B. Hawis. 2023. Parasitoid Wasps of Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea in Cotton Fields in Hama Governorate, Syria: New Records and Some Biological Aspects. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(3): 306-313. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.3.306313 This study aimed to identify parasitoid species of Chrysoperla carnea stages, and to evaluate their effect on predator’s population in the field. Three hymenopteran parasitoid species of this predator were collected and identified. Telenomus acrobates Giard (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was found to parasitize the eggs, and was previously recorded in northern Syria. Two other species parasitized the larva-pupa stage of the predator, and are recorded for the first time in Syria in this study. The first species is Baryscapus chrysopae (Crawford, 1915) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which showed a parasitism rate of 23.08% and 28.75% of the total collected eggs in 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively, and 2-14 parasitoids individuals (males and females) emerged from each pupa. The second species was Perilampus chrysopae (Crawford, 1914) (Hymenoptera, Perilampidae), which showed a parasitism rate of 5.13% and 23.81% of the total larvae collected in the two seasons, respectively, and one parasitoid individual (male or female) emerged from each pupa. Keywords: Chrysoperla carnea, Baryscapus chrysopae, Perilampus chrysopa, Telenomus acrobates, new record, Syria
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Murgianto, F., Y. P. Setyawan, Edyson, et al. "Infestation of parasitic wasps from nettle caterpillar Ploneta diducta Snellen (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) in oil palm plantation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1308, no. 1 (2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012010.
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Abstract The nettle caterpillar Ploneta diducta (Lepidoptera: Limocodidae) is the leaf-eating caterpillar of oil palm that emerged in Central Kalimantan. The identification of hymenopteran parasitic wasps as natural enemy will help the planters to take action to conserve agronomy practices. The census of P. diducta was carried out in PT Windu Nabatindo Abadi Central Kalimantan starting in January until August 2022. The population of P. diducta was found only in three blocks (±100 ha), with a total population is 52 larvae. Of the total population, 92% is unparasitized larvae and 8% is parasitized larvae. P. diducta larvae found are reared in the insectary and observed the emergence of parasitic wasps. There were three species of parasitic wasps that infected P. diducta, namely Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Goryphus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Xanthopimpla sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Parasitic wasp Apanteles sp. was a gregarious parasitoid and both species Goryphus sp. and Xanthopimpla sp. were solitary. From these wasps, the highest infestation by Xanthopimpla sp. (9.6% parasitism rate) followed by Goryphus sp. (3.8% parasitism rate) and Apanteles sp. (1.9% parasitism rate). Conservation of this insect by intensification of flowering plants can drive the wasp population and its function in oil palm plantations.
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Reisman, Robert E. "HYMENOPTERA." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 15, no. 3 (1995): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00762-7.
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Horta-Vega, Jorge Víctor, Maximiliano Vanoye-Eligio, Mauricio Emanuel García-Gutiérrez, Juana María Coronado-Blanco, and Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano. "Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) from the locality Cañón del Novillo, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 29, no. 2 (2013): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2013.2921115.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 67 species and 23 genera of Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) are recorded from 339 specimens collected in 2.3 ha of a spiny shrub located in Cañón del Novillo in Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. The high species richness and diversity index found for this group are comparable with the ones obtained for other hymenopteran taxa from the same locality. Ten new records for Crabronidae arereported for Tamaulipas, increasing to 128 the number of known species of this family of solitary wasps for this state.
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Chuang, Angela, Michael W. Gates, Lena Grinsted, Richard Askew, and Christy Leppanen. "Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae)." ZooKeys 874 (September 2, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.
Full textAbstract:
We report the discovery of two wasp species emerging from egg sacs of the spider Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål 1775) collected from mainland Spain and the Canary Islands. We identify one as Philolema palanichamyi (Narendran 1984) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) and the other as a member of the Pediobius pyrgo (Walker 1839) species group (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). This is the first report of Philolema in Europe, and the first documentation of hymenopteran egg predators of C. citricola. The latter finding is particularly relevant, given the multiple invasive populations of C. citricola in the Americas and the Caribbean, where neither egg sac predation nor parasitism is known to occur. We describe rates of emergence by Ph. palanichamyi from spider egg sacs collected from the southern coast of Spain and estimate sex ratios and body size variation among males and females. We also re-describe Ph. palanichamyi based on the female holotype and male paratype specimens.
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Letourneau, Deborah K., and Jae C. Choe. "Homopteran Attendance by Wasps and Ants: The Stochastic Nature of Interactions." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 94, no. 1-2 (1987): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1987/12726.
Full textAbstract:
Associations of Hymenoptera with Homoptera have intrigued ecologists and evolutionary biologists as model systems of mutualism. The extensive body of literature, however, tends to be skewed to the interactions between ants and homopteran trophobionts in the Aphidae or Coccoidea (e.g., Kloft et al. 1965, Nixon 1951, Way 1963, Wilson 1971). In the following account we document a web of multispecies interactions within and between trophic levels, involving a species of wasp, several species of ants, and two species of Homoptera. This account is unique in the literature on Hymenoptera-Homoptera associations because it (1) addresses observable interference between hymenopteran attendants, (2) reports behavioral preference by homopterans for certain hymenopreran attendants, and (3) describes an interaction between a polistine wasp and an aetalionid planthopper. In addition, this study has general implications about the quality of diffuse and multiple associations between Homoptera and their honeydew foragers.
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Chuang, Angela, Michael W. Gates, Lena Grinsted, Richard Askew, and Christy Leppanen. "Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae)." ZooKeys 874 (September 2, 2019): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.
Full textAbstract:
We report the discovery of two wasp species emerging from egg sacs of the spider Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål 1775) collected from mainland Spain and the Canary Islands. We identify one as Philolema palanichamyi (Narendran 1984) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) and the other as a member of the Pediobius pyrgo (Walker 1839) species group (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). This is the first report of Philolema in Europe, and the first documentation of hymenopteran egg predators of C. citricola. The latter finding is particularly relevant, given the multiple invasive populations of C. citricola in the Americas and the Caribbean, where neither egg sac predation nor parasitism is known to occur. We describe rates of emergence by Ph. palanichamyi from spider egg sacs collected from the southern coast of Spain and estimate sex ratios and body size variation among males and females. We also re-describe Ph. palanichamyi based on the female holotype and male paratype specimens.
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Gibson, Gary A. P. "GROUNDPLAN STRUCTURE AND HOMOLOGY OF THE PLEURON IN HYMENOPTERA BASED ON A COMPARISON OF THE SKELETOMUSCULATURE OF XYELIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) AND RAPHIDIIDAE (NEUROPTERA)." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 125, S165 (1993): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm125165165-1.
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AbstractThe groundplan structure and homologies of the mesothoracic pleurosternum of Hymenoptera are postulated using the subcoxal theory of the origin of the pterothoracic pleura of insects, and the cryptosternite theory of an invaginated sternum in most holometabolous insects, based on a comparison of the skeletomusculature of Xyelidae (Hymenoptera) and Raphidiidae (Neuroptera). The following are hypothesized for Hymenoptera: (1) the mesosternum is invaginated except for the prepectus, which is a detached remnant of the presternum; (2) lines that delineate ventral regions on the mesepisternum of many Symphyta are secondarily evolved sulci and arc not pleurosternal sutures; (3) a basalar cleft and an anepisternum are present in the groundplan structure; (4) in Hymenoptera other than Xyelidae the basalar cleft and anapleural cleft intersect so the anepisternum is detached as a separate sclerite, the postspiracular sclerite; (5) the pre-episternum is enlarged secondarily at the expense of the katepisternum, resulting in the paracoxal suture and a narrow katepisternum closely paralleling the posteroventral margin of the episternum anterior to the mesocoxa; (6) the mesepimeron is not divided into an anepimeron and katepimeron by a paracoxal suture but in some taxa is divided secondarily into an upper and lower mesepimeron by marks that delineate the line of confluence between different sets of muscles; and (7) the trochantin is absent from the groundplan structure. Postulated homologies support the hypothesis that Xyelidae represent the basal lineage of Hymenoptera but do not support the hypothesis that the rest of Hymenopera had a biphyletic origin from Xyelidae. The study exemplifies the positive feedback relationship between morphology and systematics and demonstrates the necessity of systematics and phylogenctic hypotheses for testing hypotheses of homology derived through comparative morphology. Schematic figures illustrate the subcoxal theory of pleuron origin and the postulated groundplan of the hymenopteran mesopleuron; mesothoracic muscles that were studied to help homologize pleurosternal features between Xyelidae and Raphidiidae are tabulated and skeletomusculature is documented by scanning electron photomicrographs.
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Tuhin, Md Ikram Ansar, Munira Nasiruddin, and Zannatul Nayem. "Diversity and Relative Abundance of Entomofauna of Four Ecologically Different Areas of Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh." American Journal of Life Science and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajlsi.v2i2.1380.
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The present study was conducted to find the relative abundance and diversity of insects in the four areas of the Chittagong University (CU) campus from January 2018 to December 2018. The entire study found six orders - Odonata, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Three families under Odonata, two under Orthoptera, four under Coleoptera, five under Lepidoptera, five under Diptera, and three under Hymenoptera were collected from the four study spots. Among them, fifteen species of Odonata, seven species of Orthoptera, seven species of Coleoptera, thirty-five species of Lepidoptera, five species of Diptera, and four species of Hymenopteran were identified. The highest number of insects (478) were collected in January 2018, whereas the lowest number of insects (404) were collected in August 2018. The highest abundance (1598) of insects was found in spot 1 (ground area) and the lowest (990) in spot 2 (hilly area). Lepidoptera (2688) was the most dominant order in the four studied spots, followed by Odonata (1453), Orthoptera (505), Coleoptera (223), Diptera (202), and Hymenoptera (186). During the study period, the highest species richness was observed in Spot 3 (2.61 ± 0.01) and lowest in Spot 2 (2.03 ± 0.008); the highest species diversity was observed in Spot 1 (1.36 ± 0.02) and lowest in Spot 2 (1.09 ± 0.01); and the highest species evenness was observed in Spot 1 (0.53 ± 0.006) and lowest in Spot 2 (0.47 ± 0.006). Compared with the previous study, it can be concluded that the species diversity and abundance of Odonata, Orthoptera, and Lepidoptera were increased, whereas the diversity and abundance of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were decreased. The abundance and diversity of insects depended on seasonal fluctuation and ecological and environmental conditions.
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PERKOVSKY, EVGENY E., and MASSIMO OLMI. "Discovery of the first pincer wasp (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Rovno amber." Zootaxa 4457, no. 2 (2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.2.5.
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Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are recorded for the first time from Rovno amber (Ukraine), following the discovery of one female of Dryinus janzeni Olmi. Holotypes of D. balticus (Olmi) and D. bruesi (Olmi) previously assigned to the Baltic amber, were actually collected on the coast of Denmark, so that they have to be recorded as specimens in Scandinavian (Danish) amber. As a result, true records of Dryinus species of group 3 (Olmi 1993) in Baltic amber are three: D. janzeni, D. bruesi, because of a second specimen found in true Baltic amber, and D. velteni Olmi. Dryinidae are the 33th hymenopteran family known from Rovno amber. Three species, D. janzeni, D. bruesi and D. balticus are known from understudied Rovno and Scandinavian amber originated from the warmer south coast of the Subparathetys. Dryinus janzeni is the 115th hymenopteran species known from Rovno amber and the first Dryinus record from Ukraine.
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Seltmann, Katja, Matthew Yoder, Istvan Miko, et al. "A hymenopterists' guide to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology: utility, clarification, and future directions." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 27 (May 31, 2012): 67–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.27.2961.
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Hymenoptera exhibit an incredible diversity of phenotypes, the result of ~240 million years of evolution and the primary subject of more than 250 years of research. Here we describe the history, development, and utility of the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO) and its associated applications. These resources are designed to facilitate accessible and extensible research on hymenopteran phenotypes. Outreach with the hymenopterist community is of utmost importance to the HAO project, and this paper is a direct response to questions that arised from project workshops. In a concerted attempt to surmount barriers of understanding, especially regarding the format, utility, and development of the HAO, we discuss the roles of homology, “preferred terms”, and “structural equivalency”. We also outline the use of Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) and posit that they are a key element necessary for increasing the objectivity and repeatability of science that references hymenopteran anatomy. Pragmatically, we detail a mechanism (the “URI table”) by which authors can use URIs to link their published text to the HAO, and we describe an associated tool (the “Analyzer”) to derive these tables. These tools, and others, are available through the HAO Portal website (http://portal.hymao.org). We conclude by discussing the future of the HAO with respect to digital publication, cross-taxon ontology alignment, the advent of semantic phenotypes, and community-based curation.
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Ward, Darren. "Building a DNA barcode reference collection of Hymenoptera in New Zealand." Biodiversity Data Journal 12 (September 26, 2024): e131701. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e131701.
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Molecular tools used for the identification of species are heavily reliant on reference DNA sequences and taxonomic annotation. Despite this, there are large gaps in the availability of DNA sequences for many taxonomic groups and for different parts of the globe. Here, a DNA barcode library for the Hymenoptera of New Zealand is presented, based on the COI region for 3,145 sequences assigned to 837 BINs and which represent 231 genera and 236 species. This study provides a DNA barcode for approximately 25% of species and 42% of genera of Hymenoptera in New Zealand. However, when combined with sequences previously deposited in BOLD (a further 170 genera), DNA barcodes are available for 73% of New Zealand Hymenopteran genera. To further increase coverage, future efforts need to focus predominantly on taxa from seven families (Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae s.l., Mymaridae, Eulophidae, Diapriidae, Braconidae and Platygastridae). This database facilitates DNA-based identification of taxa for use in both taxonomic revisions and biodiversity monitoring.
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Oeyen, Jan Philip, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Joshua B. Benoit, et al. "Sawfly Genomes Reveal Evolutionary Acquisitions That Fostered the Mega-Radiation of Parasitoid and Eusocial Hymenoptera." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 7 (2020): 1099–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa106.
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Abstract The tremendous diversity of Hymenoptera is commonly attributed to the evolution of parasitoidism in the last common ancestor of parasitoid sawflies (Orussidae) and wasp-waisted Hymenoptera (Apocrita). However, Apocrita and Orussidae differ dramatically in their species richness, indicating that the diversification of Apocrita was promoted by additional traits. These traits have remained elusive due to a paucity of sawfly genome sequences, in particular those of parasitoid sawflies. Here, we present comparative analyses of draft genomes of the primarily phytophagous sawfly Athalia rosae and the parasitoid sawfly Orussus abietinus. Our analyses revealed that the ancestral hymenopteran genome exhibited traits that were previously considered unique to eusocial Apocrita (e.g., low transposable element content and activity) and a wider gene repertoire than previously thought (e.g., genes for CO2 detection). Moreover, we discovered that Apocrita evolved a significantly larger array of odorant receptors than sawflies, which could be relevant to the remarkable diversification of Apocrita by enabling efficient detection and reliable identification of hosts.
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Johnstone, Rufus A., Michael A. Cant, and Jeremy Field. "Sex-biased dispersal, haplodiploidy and the evolution of helping in social insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (2011): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1257.
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In his famous haplodiploidy hypothesis, W. D. Hamilton proposed that high sister–sister relatedness facilitates the evolution of kin-selected reproductive altruism among Hymenopteran females. Subsequent analyses, however, suggested that haplodiploidy cannot promote altruism unless altruists capitalize on relatedness asymmetries by helping to raise offspring whose sex ratio is more female-biased than the population at large. Here, we show that haplodiploidy is in fact more favourable than is diploidy to the evolution of reproductive altruism on the part of females, provided only that dispersal is male-biased (no sex-ratio bias or active kin discrimination is required). The effect is strong, and applies to the evolution both of sterile female helpers and of helping among breeding females. Moreover, a review of existing data suggests that female philopatry and non-local mating are widespread among nest-building Hymenoptera. We thus conclude that Hamilton was correct in his claim that ‘family relationships in the Hymenoptera are potentially very favourable to the evolution of reproductive altruism’.
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Southon, Robin J., Andrew N. Radford, and Seirian Sumner. "Hormone-mediated dispersal and sexual maturation in males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 23 (2020): jeb226472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.226472.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTSex-biased dispersal is common in social species, but the dispersing sex may delay emigration if associated benefits are not immediately attainable. In the social Hymenoptera (ants, some bees and wasps), newly emerged males typically disperse from the natal nest whilst most females remain as philopatric helpers. However, little information exists on the mechanisms regulating male dispersal. Furthermore, the conservation of such mechanisms across the Hymenoptera and any role of sexual maturation are also relatively unknown. Through field observations and mark–recapture, we observed that males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio emerge from pupation sexually immature, and delay dispersal from their natal nest for up to 7 days whilst undergoing sexual maturation. Delayed dispersal may benefit males by allowing them to mature in the safety of the nest and thus be more competitive in mating. We also demonstrate that both male dispersal and maturation are associated with juvenile hormone (JH), a key regulator of insect reproductive physiology and behaviour, which also has derived functions regulating social organisation in female Hymenoptera. Males treated with methoprene (a JH analogue) dispersed earlier and possessed significantly larger accessory glands than their age-matched controls. These results highlight the wide role of JH in social hymenopteran behaviour, with parallel ancestral functions in males and females, and raise new questions on the nature of selection for sex-biased dispersal.
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VIÁFARO-MILLAN, HERY FABIAN, FULVIA GARCÍA-ROA, and ANA ELIZABETH DÍAZ. "Parasitismo natural de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) en zonas productoras de solanáceas del Cauca y Valle del Cauca, Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 25, no. 2 (1999): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v25i2.9768.
Full textAbstract:
Durante 1997 se realizó un estudio sobre el parasitismo natural existente sobre los diferentes estados biológicos del pasador del fruto de las solanáceas Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée (Lep. : Pyralidae). Se recolectaron huevos, larvas y pupas de la plaga en cultivos de lulo, Solanum quitoense Lamark, tomate de árbol, Ciphomandra betacea Sent y tomate de mesa, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, en los departamentos del Cauca y Valle del Cauca. Los resultados obtenidos indican que sobre los huevos, larvas y pupas del pasador actúan una gran variedad de especies benéficas. Como parasitoides de huevos se encontró a: Trichogramma exiguum y T. pretiosum (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae) registrando un parasitismo que fluctuó entre 4.2 y 54%. Sobre larvas recolectadas en los muestreos se registró la presencia del parasitoide de huevos poliembriónicos, Copidosoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitando entre un 16.6 y 60% de la plaga en este estado. También se encontró Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitando larvas de último ínstar entre un 0.8 y 22%. De las pupas recolectadas de N. elegantalis emergieron diferentes parasitoides como: Brachymeria sp., Conura sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) y otros tres Hymenopteros de la familia Ichneumonidae, sin identificar. El parasitismo de estos agentes benéficos en el estado de pupa alcanzó niveles del 18%, 4.7%, 25% y 20%, respectivamente.
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Hussain, Abid, Asmatullah Kakar, Mahrukh Naseem, et al. "Molecular identification of Hymenopteran insects collected by using Malaise traps from Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Quetta, Pakistan." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0300903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300903.
Full textAbstract:
The order Hymenoptera holds great significance for humans, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, due to its role as a pollinator of wild and cultivated flowering plants, parasites of destructive insects and honey producers. Despite this importance, limited attention has been given to the genetic diversity and molecular identification of Hymenopteran insects in most protected areas. This study provides insights into the first DNA barcode of Hymenopteran insects collected from Hazarganji Chiltan National Park (HCNP) and contributes to the global reference library of DNA barcodes. A total of 784 insect specimens were collected using Malaise traps, out of which 538 (68.62%) specimens were morphologically identified as Hymenopteran insects. The highest abundance of species of Hymenoptera (133/538, 24.72%) was observed during August and least in November (16/538, 2.97%). Genomic DNA extraction was performed individually from 90/538 (16.73%) morphologically identified specimens using the standard phenol-chloroform method, which were subjected separately to the PCR for their molecular confirmation via the amplification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The BLAST analyses of obtained sequences showed 91.64% to 100% identities with related sequences and clustered phylogenetically with their corresponding sequences that were reported from Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Israel, and Pakistan. Additionally, total of 13 barcode index numbers (BINs) were assigned by Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), out of which 12 were un-unique and one was unique (BOLD: AEU1239) which was assigned for Anthidium punctatum. This indicates the potential geographical variation of Hymenopteran population in HCNP. Further comprehensive studies are needed to molecularly confirm the existing insect species in HCNP and evaluate their impacts on the environment, both as beneficial (for example, pollination, honey producers and natural enemies) and detrimental (for example, venomous stings, crop damage, and pathogens transmission).
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Morooka, Fuki. "The prevalence of the parasitic nematode Sphaerularia sp. in the overwintering gynes of Parapolybia spp. (Hymenoptera, Polistinae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 38 (June 12, 2014): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.6562.
Full textAbstract:
I report for the first time the parasitization of overwintering gynes of <i>Parapolybia </i>species by the entomogenous nematode <i>Sphaerularia</i> sp. (Tylenchidae). The nematode was found in 42% of the overwintering wasp clusters examined but occurred in only 6% of individual wasps. The prevalence of parasitic nematodes among group hibernating hymenoptera is briefly discussed and compared with that in solitary hibernating hymenopterans.