Academic literature on the topic 'Hymes' SPEAKING model'

The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Legal Discourse requires the specific theoretical framework as it is the specific language which uses the codes and signs along with specific situation or setting. This study aims at analyzing the selected Legal Discourse (Rylands v Fletcher 1868 case). This research investigates how it lies based on the application of Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1974). The current study is limited to the CDA of the selected legal discourse in which the focus is on the analysis of the judgments and final decision of Rylands v Fletcher 1868 case took place. The collected data, under consideration, is composed of the judgments and final decision took place in the House of Lord on July 17th, 1868. Qualitative research methods are employed to gather and analyze data. Based on the Hymes’ (1974) renowned model, the findings of this study reveal how the SPEAKING model helps in analyzing the text. The discussion also explains that different variables play a significant role in maintaining communicative competence during communication. The study concludes with the implications that this research can contribute to conducting further research works on legal discourses and provides guidance regarding application of Hymes’ (1974) in analysis. Thus, in this way, it also has some pedagogical implications.

The purpose of this study was to undertake a thorough study of a news article entitled "31 Policemen Questioned in Kanjuruhan Stadium Tragedy" by looking at both its contextual and textual elements. To analyze the data, the research used a content analysis and discourse analysis design. While the contextual study relied on Dell Hymes' ethnography of communication, notably the Speaking Model (Hymes, 1974), the textual analysis concentrated on the coherence devices given by Halliday and Hasan (1976). All essential elements, such as the setting, participants, ends, act order, key, instruments, and norms, were identified, according to the contextual analysis. The four content categories of reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction were found in the textual analysis; however, the article did not fully contain all sub-categories.


 
 
 
 This research aimed to identify the types of moral values ​​and describe how these moral values ​​are presented in the Zootopia movie, directed by Byron Howard and Rich Moore. The research design was a qualitative descriptive study; the data sources are the movie itself and the movie script of Zootopia. The SPEAKING Model (setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre) by Dell Hymes is used as a framework for assess the conversation in the movie. The research results showed that this movie contained twelve utterances classified based on the types of moral values defined by Josephson and Hanson, such as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and citizenship. Also, the morals are analyzed more profoundly using the SPEAKING Model by Dell Hymes. The moral values ​​described in this study have important implications for teachers and other researchers, which can encourage the use of tools in analyzing literary works and can be applied in life.
 
 
 
 

The present study was employed qualitative descriptive methods to examine ethnography of communication using Dell Hymes’ SPEAKING mnemonic in the communication between husband and in wife who has no children for a long time in their family. the findings showed a connection between a childless couple with Hymes’ SPEAKING terms. The results were communication among husband and wife who get infertility took place in the couple’s house particularly in the living room (Setting) in which the scenes were a debate between husband and wife (Participants) who sat opposite in the night (Scene) to seek a corporate solution and maintain the relationship (Ends). The Act was started by awkward conversations which trigger argument and lead to quarrel (A). There were several tones such as serious, tense, sad, promised, regret, apologize, anger, mocking, rude, and pleading in which the communication was conducted in verbal and non-verbal speech (Key) by including code-mixing (Instrumentalities). The husband and wife communicated alternately as speaker and hearer who asking and questioning to respect each other and understanding each situation (Norms of interaction and interpretation). The genre was quarrel as the dialogues were about the debate (Genre).

This paper is an attempt to investigate the sociolinguistic features of these slogans using Hymes' SPEAKING model and to highlight how they reflect some aspects of the Hadrami identity. In the academic field, the linguistic analysis of slogans has been explored. However, and to the best of my knowledge, no previous study tackles the vehicle slogans using a sociolinguistic framework. This paper is limited to about thirty chosen slogans which were noticed written on the back glasses of different kinds of vehicles in the streets of Al-Mukalla, the capital city of the coastal part of Hadhramout governorate, Yemen. These slogans were collected by the author and some colleagues during the period from 2016-2018. Within Hymes' model, the variables (S), (P), (E), and (I) were redundant, so they were excluded from the analysis. The other variables; (A)ct sequences, (K)eys, (N)orms, and (G)enres were the ones considered in the analysis. The analysed slogans show that the Hadramis are generally sarcastic considering their everyday life issues and attempt to express their opinions in an indirect way as a strategy of soothing their disappointments and managing to overcome them or al least reduce their negative influence on them.

ABSTRACT The daily press conferences on COVID-19 infection updates in Brunei titled Sidang Media Status Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam have been a platform for the public to access information on the pandemic. Using Hymes’s (1972) SPEAKING model, this study aims to examine speech incidences and their similarities and differences during the conference and subsequent question-and-answer (Q&A)s between the media and ministries. The study utilised the qualitative descriptive method by analysing data retrieved from the Q&A transcripts between the journalists and ministries. These transcripts were produced from live telecasts of the conferences via Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB). The journalists covered in this study came from agencies such as The Scoop, Shianghuan Residency, The Bruneian, @ranoadidas, RTB and Borneo Bulletin. The findings of the study proved that the SPEAKING model was highly effective in examining various speech events and their similarities and differences in the Q&As. Six components of SPEAKING showed similarities – the setting and scene, participants, ends, instrumentalities, norms and genres. However, the balance two components, act sequences and key, demonstrated specific differences. The component of instrumentalities was also placed under further investigation because there were similarities detected during the conversations and differences in language use. In this case, the phenomenon of varied code-switching that occurred was identified in the data. Results showed that there were implicit elements in the questions asked. Overall, utterances in the conferences fulfilled all aspects of the SPEAKING model; hence, the Q&A could be easily followed by the audience. As such, all eight components of the model were found to have contributed to the speech incidences. Consequently, the study can measure an individual’s interacting abilities and competence in communicating and understanding societal norms. Keywords: press conference, COVID-19, speech events, language, question ABSTRAK Sidang Media Situasi Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam menjadi platform untuk menyampaikan maklumat kepada masyarakat mengenai status terkini jangkitan COVID-19 di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian ini mendeskripsikan peristiwa tutur dengan menggunakan Model SPEAKING oleh Hymes (1972) serta membandingkan persamaan dan perbezaan peristiwa tutur daripada setiap agensi penyiaran semasa sesi soal jawab bersama pihak kementerian berlangsung. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menganalisis data kajian berbentuk transkripsi sesi soal jawab antara pihak wartawan dengan pihak kementerian. Data telah dikumpulkan daripada tayangan sidang media COVID-19 yang diadakan pada setiap hari di Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB) melalui siaran langsung. Pihak wartawan mewakili agensi media The Scoop, Shianghuan Residency, The Bruneian, @ranoadidas, Radio Televisyen Brunei dan Borneo Bulletin. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa keberkesanan dalam memahami peristiwa tutur menggunakan model SPEAKING ialah dengan meneliti persamaan dan perbezaan aspek yang digunakan semasa pertuturan berlangsung, iaitu semasa sesi soal jawab diadakan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat enam komponen yang mengandungi persamaan, iaitu Setting dan Scene, Participants, Ends, Instrumentalities, Norms dan Genre. Dua komponen yang mengandungi perbezaan pula ialah Act Sequences dan Key. Komponen Instrumentalities juga dibandingkan kerana terdapat persamaan aspek saranan perbualan, namun berbeza daripada aspek penggunaan bahasanya. Dalam hal ini, perbezaan peralihan kod bahasa telah dikenal pasti semasa ujaran berlangsung. Hasil kajian juga mendapati wujudnya unsur-unsur implisit dalam soalan-soalan yang diajukan. Kesimpulannya, peristiwa tutur dalam sidang media tersebut telah menepati kesemua komponen model SPEAKING dan kelangsungan sesi soal jawab dapat diikuti oleh pendengar. Oleh itu, kelapan-lapan aspek dalam model SPEAKING didapati menyumbang kepada proses peristiwa tutur semasa Sidang Media Situasi Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam. Implikasi kajian ini bukan hanya mengukur keupayaan individu dalam interaksi, tetapi kecekapan dalam berkomunikasi dan kefahaman yang baik tentang norma sosial turut diambil kira. Kata kunci: sidang media, COVID-19, peristiwa tutur, bahasa, soal jawab.

ABSTRACT The daily press conferences on COVID-19 infection updates in Brunei titled Sidang Media Status Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam have been a platform for the public to access information on the pandemic. Using Hymes’s (1972) SPEAKING model, this study aims to examine speech incidences and their similarities and differences during the conference and subsequent question-and-answer (Q&A)s between the media and ministries. The study utilised the qualitative descriptive method by analysing data retrieved from the Q&A transcripts between the journalists and ministries. These transcripts were produced from live telecasts of the conferences via Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB). The journalists covered in this study came from agencies such as The Scoop, Shianghuan Residency, The Bruneian, @ranoadidas, RTB and Borneo Bulletin. The findings of the study proved that the SPEAKING model was highly effective in examining various speech events and their similarities and differences in the Q&As. Six components of SPEAKING showed similarities – the setting and scene, participants, ends, instrumentalities, norms and genres. However, the balance two components, act sequences and key, demonstrated specific differences. The component of instrumentalities was also placed under further investigation because there were similarities detected during the conversations and differences in language use. In this case, the phenomenon of varied code-switching that occurred was identified in the data. Results showed that there were implicit elements in the questions asked. Overall, utterances in the conferences fulfilled all aspects of the SPEAKING model; hence, the Q&A could be easily followed by the audience. As such, all eight components of the model were found to have contributed to the speech incidences. Consequently, the study can measure an individual’s interacting abilities and competence in communicating and understanding societal norms. Keywords: press conference, COVID-19, speech events, language, question ABSTRAK Sidang Media Situasi Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam menjadi platform untuk menyampaikan maklumat kepada masyarakat mengenai status terkini jangkitan COVID-19 di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian ini mendeskripsikan peristiwa tutur dengan menggunakan Model SPEAKING oleh Hymes (1972) serta membandingkan persamaan dan perbezaan peristiwa tutur daripada setiap agensi penyiaran semasa sesi soal jawab bersama pihak kementerian berlangsung. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menganalisis data kajian berbentuk transkripsi sesi soal jawab antara pihak wartawan dengan pihak kementerian. Data telah dikumpulkan daripada tayangan sidang media COVID-19 yang diadakan pada setiap hari di Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB) melalui siaran langsung. Pihak wartawan mewakili agensi media The Scoop, Shianghuan Residency, The Bruneian, @ranoadidas, Radio Televisyen Brunei dan Borneo Bulletin. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa keberkesanan dalam memahami peristiwa tutur menggunakan model SPEAKING ialah dengan meneliti persamaan dan perbezaan aspek yang digunakan semasa pertuturan berlangsung, iaitu semasa sesi soal jawab diadakan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat enam komponen yang mengandungi persamaan, iaitu Setting dan Scene, Participants, Ends, Instrumentalities, Norms dan Genre. Dua komponen yang mengandungi perbezaan pula ialah Act Sequences dan Key. Komponen Instrumentalities juga dibandingkan kerana terdapat persamaan aspek saranan perbualan, namun berbeza daripada aspek penggunaan bahasanya. Dalam hal ini, perbezaan peralihan kod bahasa telah dikenal pasti semasa ujaran berlangsung. Hasil kajian juga mendapati wujudnya unsur-unsur implisit dalam soalan-soalan yang diajukan. Kesimpulannya, peristiwa tutur dalam sidang media tersebut telah menepati kesemua komponen model SPEAKING dan kelangsungan sesi soal jawab dapat diikuti oleh pendengar. Oleh itu, kelapan-lapan aspek dalam model SPEAKING didapati menyumbang kepada proses peristiwa tutur semasa Sidang Media Situasi Terkini Jangkitan COVID-19 Negara Brunei Darussalam. Implikasi kajian ini bukan hanya mengukur keupayaan individu dalam interaksi, tetapi kecekapan dalam berkomunikasi dan kefahaman yang baik tentang norma sosial turut diambil kira. Kata kunci: sidang media, COVID-19, peristiwa tutur, bahasa, soal jawab.

Given the importance of cultural issues in different societies, scholars have introduced the ethnography of communication to examine the differences in light of language and context. Related to this theory is Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1967), in which setting and scene, participants, ends, acts sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre are taken into account to analyze speech events. Since the words and expressions we use in everyday speech have emotional loads, adding an emotional aspect to this model (E-SPEAKING) seems to provide a more comprehensive picture regarding cultural and linguistic interpretations. The present study; therefore, first, introduces the concept of emoling by analyzing [Nāz Kardan]-related vocabularies, and then, by considering closing and opening discourse, tries to relate the concepts of ethnography of communication and emotional ethnography. Such cultural emolings can reduce the existing gap between social and psychological studies and lead to a more holistic view on language and culture, which consequently prevent separating emotions from cultures.

Given the importance of cultural issues in different societies, scholars have introduced the ethnography of communication to examine the differences in light of language and context. Related to this theory is Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1967), in which setting and scene, participants, ends, acts sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre are taken into account to analyze speech events. Since the words and expressions we use in everyday speech have emotional loads, adding an emotional aspect to this model (E-SPEAKING) seems to provide a more comprehensive picture regarding cultural and linguistic interpretations. The present study; therefore, first, introduces the concept of emoling by analyzing [Nāz Kardan]-related vocabularies, and then, by considering closing and opening discourse, tries to relate the concepts of ethnography of communication and emotional ethnography. Such cultural emolings can reduce the existing gap between social and psychological studies and lead to a more holistic view on language and culture, which consequently prevent separating emotions from cultures.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan dan komponen komunikasi dalam tradisi Tu’u Belis. Metode penelitian ini adalah adalah metode etnografi komunikasi model Dell Hymes yakni SPEAKING. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah prosesi pelaksanaan tradisi Tu’u Belis yang merupakan urutan atau tahap-tahap untuk melaksanakan Tradisi ini di Kelurahan Oesapa Barat yakni ada 3 tahap antara lain; 1)Tahap Persiapan 2)Tahap Pelaksanaan 3)Tahap Akhir dan komponen-komponen komunikasi berdasarkan etnografi komunikasi Dell Hymes yakni SPEAKING antara lain; 1) Setting-nya di Rumah dan Scene-nya Serius, Santai, Khusyuk, Akrab dan Bahagia 2) Participant: Tuan Pesta, Juru Bicara, Tamu undangan, Petugas Konsumsi dan Pemegang Buku, 3) Ends dalam tradisi Tu’u Belis membangun interaksi yang baik, Tolong-Menolong antar sesama ketika membutuhkan bantuan dalam pemenuhan belis dan membangun solidaritas, 4) Act Sequence terdiri dari 3 tahap, 5) Keys dalam Tu’u Belis adalah nada tinggi dan stabil, 6) Instrument nya menggunakan bahasa lisan, tulisan dan simbol, 7) Norms-nya yaitu pengadaan Tu’u Belis hanya 1 kali dalam 1 bulan pada setiap RT, , mengembalikan Tu’u yang diberikan atau obligasi yang harus dilunasi. 8) Genre Melalui narasi dalam bentuk pernyataan, pertanyaan, pemberitahuan dan nasehat. Berbagai komponen tersebut telah membentuk Tradisi Tu’u Belis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Proses dalam pelaksanaan Tradisi Tu’u Belis merupakan alur proses komunikasi yang berhubungan dalam mencapai tujuan pengadaan tradisi Tu’u Belis.

Te Deum laudamus is a Latin hymn of praise and thanksgiving addressed to the Trinity. Its title comes from the first three words of its opening line, which mean “We praise you, O God.” Often referred to as “the Te Deum,” the hymn follows biblical models that present all creatures in heaven and on earth worshipping God. (See, for example, Psalms 148– 150.) Its origins and authorship are uncertain and the subject of speculation and legend. It appears in liturgical and monastic texts as early as the sixth century and since then has been one of the most popular hymns of the Western church, sung on occasions of rejoicing: a victory in battle, the end of a long voyage, the consecration of a bishop, and so on. Traditionally, it is also prayed annually on New Year’s Eve. Among English- speaking Christians, it is best known today in loose translation as the hymn “Holy God, We Praise Thy Name.”