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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypanthium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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1

Kemp, James R., Usher Posluszny, Jean M. Gerrath, and Peter G. Kevan. "Floral development of Rosa setigera." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 1 (1993): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-009.

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The development of the flower of Rosa setigera from initiation to the onset of anthesis is described. Rosa setigera is the only known member of the genus Rosa to exhibit dioecy. Flowers of functionally staminate (male) and functionally carpellate (female) plants appear identical, a condition referred to as cryptic dioecy. Discrete sepals and petals are formed on the floral meristem. As the hypanthium forms, stamens are initiated in alternating whorls on the wall of the hypanthium and continue to develop as the hypanthium extends. Carpel primordia arise individually on the remainder of the floral meristem and show neither adnation to the hypanthial wall nor coalescence to one another as they give rise to the styles and stigmas that are exserted above the hypanthium lip. The only observable fusion in this species appears to be the postgenital fusion of the margins of the carpel primordia to form the enclosed locule. Although historically the hypanthium has been variously interpreted as either axial and (or) appendicular in nature, resulting from congenital fusion of sepals, petals, and stamens, this paper uses a more realistic, testable and functional approach to the development of the hypanthium that is in keeping with current concepts such as process morphology. Key words: Rosa setigera, dioecy, floral development, fusion, hypanthium.

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2

Pusey, P. L., and T. J. Smith. "Relation of Apple Flower Age to Infection of Hypanthium by Erwinia amylovora." Plant Disease 92, no. 1 (2008): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0137.

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Blossom age as related to hypanthial susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora is not well established, but is relevant to disease risk assessment. To test this, detached crab apple blossoms were maintained for various periods and at different temperatures before applying inoculum to hypanthia. Inoculum potential on hypanthia due to wetting was evaluated by subjecting detached stigma-inoculated blossoms (~106 CFU per flower) to varying amounts and durations of simulated rain (or dew) at 14°C. Blossoms of varying age on mature ‘Gala’ apple trees were inoculated on hypanthia with 102, 104, or 106 CFU per flower. In the laboratory, susceptibility decreased with flower age at rates that increased with temperature. Wetness periods up to 12 h resulted in populations on hypanthia of <103 CFU per flower; 24 h of wetness resulted in ~104 or ~105 CFU. A dose response was shown in the orchard, and regression curves indicated steepest decline of susceptibility during initial days after petal expansion. Disease models incorporating a blossom-age component may be effective because they indicate the potential for infection when temperatures favor rapid bacterial growth on stigmas within a window of high hypanthial susceptibility. Further investigation of these relationships could lead to advancements in determining fire blight risk.

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3

Steeves, Taylor A., Margaret W. Steeves, and A. Randall Olson. "Flower development in Amelanchier alnifolia (Maloideae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (1991): 844–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-110.

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The development of the flower of Amelanchier alnifolia from initiation to the onset of anthesis is described. Sepals are formed sequentially, but interprimordial zonal growth results in the initiation of the hypanthium. Petals and stamens arise in whorls around the floral meristem as the hypanthium extends. They show neither coalescence nor adnation and do not appear to contribute to the development of the hypanthium. Gynoecial primordia arise individually, give rise to the styles and stigmas, and are joined basally by zonal growth to produce the roof of the ovary. The wall of the inferior ovary is interpreted as a gynoecial hypanthium. It is difficult to determine the extent to which the gynoecial primordia contribute to the development of the ovary. They do not give rise to most of its structure but may be responsible for the initiation of the ovules. There is evidence of postgenital fusion of the septal margins as they converge in the centre of the ovary. The timing of events in floral development is recorded for the locality of the study. The observations are discussed in relation to current theories concerning the nature of the inferior ovary. Key words: Amelanchier, flower, development, inferior ovary, hypanthium.

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4

Belsham, Stephen R., and David A. Orlovich. "Development of the hypanthium and androecium in Acmena smithii and Syzygium australe (Acmena alliance, Myrtaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 5 (2003): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb02036.

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Floral organogeny and development are described for two species of the Acmena alliance: Acmena smithii and Syzygium australe. The Acmena alliance is now regarded as distinct from the fleshy-fruited Myrtoideae s.s. A. smithii develops an hypanthium that resembles that seen in some dry-fruited Myrtaceae but stamen initiation resembles that seen in the fleshy-fruited Luma apiculata. By contrast S. australe has hypanthial development similar to the New Zealand fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae but stamen development resembles that of many dry-fruited Myrtaceae. Both species, therefore, show homoplasy of floral characters with both fleshy and dry-fruited Myrtaceae.

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5

ROMERO, ROSANA, and ANA FLAVIA ALVES VERSIANE. "Microlicia candolleana (Melastomataceae): a new endemic species to the Espinhaço range, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Phytotaxa 261, no. 3 (2016): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.7.

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A new species of Microlicia from Serra do Cipó (southern Espinhaço range, Brazil) is described and illustrated. Microlicia candolleana has branches, leaves, pedicels, hypanthium and sepals covered by spherical, golden glands, sessile leaves with evident nerves on both surfaces and subulate sepals, longer or with the same length as the hypanthium.

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6

Coutinho, Karoline, Marla Ibrahim Uehbe de Oliveira, and Ligia Silveira Funch. "Four new species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil." Phytotaxa 234, no. 3 (2015): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.3.2.

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There are described, illustrated and compared to similar taxa Eugenia caatingicola, E. funchiana, E. coccinea and E. potiraguensis. The first three species occur in areas of caatinga (dryland) vegetation (Bahia and Piauí states),while E. potiraguensis is encountered in the Atlantic Forest (Bahia), Brazil. Eugenia caatingicola can be distinguished from Eugenia subreticula by the texture of the periderm of the older branches, leaf apices retuse, and hypanthium sericeous. Eugenia funchiana is similar to E.dentata, but have undulate leaves, smaller petioles and pedicels, and hypanthium not costate. Eugenia coccinea differs from E. duarteana by having membranaceous leaves, calyx lobes with reddish trichomes at apex, and hypanthium glabrous. Eugenia potiraguensis differs from E. plicata by having central veins glabrous, larger petioles, and calyx lobes equal between them. Additionally, each species is evaluated in its conservation status.

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7

IGLESIAS, DIEGO TAVARES, VALQUÍRIA FERREIRA DUTRA, and RENATO GOLDENBERG. "Behuria mestrealvarensis (Melastomataceae): a new species on an inselberg in Espírito Santo, Brazil." Phytotaxa 255, no. 3 (2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.3.10.

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Behuria mestrealvarensis (Melastomataceae) from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, is described, illustrated and compared with B. capixaba, the species most similar to it. Behuria mestrealvarensis differs from B. capixaba by the glabrous petioles and hypanthia, by the solitary flowers or these in simple or compound triads up to 7 flowers, elliptic bracteoles almost the same size of the pedicel and hypanthium, sepals with eciliate margins and ovary apex with trichomes up to 0.5 mm. It occurs in a single locality, on an isolated, ca. 800m elev. inselberg. Due to its restricted occupancy area, fragmented landscape and poor habitat quality, this species must be considered as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria.

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8

Marondedze, Claudius, and Ludivine A. Thomas. "Apple Hypanthium Firmness: New Insights from Comparative Proteomics." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 168, no. 2 (2012): 306–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9774-9.

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9

Judd, Walter S., and Lucas C. Majure. "A revised circumscription and clarification of the taxonomic position of Miconia tetrazygioides (Melastomataceae: miconieae): an endemic to the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 15, no. 1 (2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v15.i1.1051.

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An investigation of the type material of Miconia tetrazygioides indicates that this species, only known from the type gathering (Ekman H10684), is conspecific with the recently described M. cineana. The two differ vegetatively in no significant characters, showing only a slight difference in the range in variation of leaf width, shape, apex, and margin. The species has been poorly collected, with only a total of five gatherings known, and flowers have yet to be collected; it is endemic to the Massif de la Hotte, of Haiti, occurring in rak bwa from 930 to 1300 m. DNA nucleotide sequences indicate that the species is related to those of the M. decorticans clade, which have moderate-sized to large flowers with more or less constricted hypanthia/calyces. Traditionally, most species of the M. decorticans clade were included within Tetrazygia or Pachyanthus. In contrast the reproductive parts, e.g., calyx, hypanthium, ovary, and fruit, of M. tetrazygioides (incl. M. cineana) are quite small, and its hypanthia/calyces are not constricted, which is why it was originally circumscribed under Miconia rather than the other two mentioned genera.

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10

Williamson, Joshua D., Cameron P. Peace, Frederick A. Bliss, David T. Garner, and Carlos H. Crisosto. "Evidence for a Single Locus Controlling Flesh Color, Senescent Leaf Color, and Hypanthium Color in Peach." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 2 (2006): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.2.256.

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The Y locus of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] controls whether a tree will produce fruit with white or yellow flesh. Flesh color has implications for consumer acceptance and nutritional quality, and improved cultivars of both flesh types are actively sought. This paper focuses on evidence that the flesh color locus also controls senescent leaf color (easily observed in the fall) and hypanthium color. In two progeny populations totaling 115 progeny plus their parents, the three traits co-segregated completely. Trees carrying the dominant allele for white flesh had yellow senescent leaves and yellow hypanthia, while homozygous recessive yellow-fleshed types exhibited orange senescent leaves and orange hypanthia. Senescent leaf color was also measured quantitatively, with major colorimetric differences observed between white-fleshed and yellow-fleshed progeny. Senescent leaf hue angle and reflected light wavelengths of 500 to 560 nm were the parameters most affected by the flesh color locus. Results were verified with 10 white-fleshed and 10 yellow-fleshed cultivars. The findings show that the Y locus in peach controls the type and concentration of carotenoids in multiple organs, including fruit, leaves, and flowers. The ability to discriminate between white and yellow flesh color using a simple visual method, applicable in plants not yet at reproductive maturity, is valuable to breeders wanting to save time, growing space, and money.

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11

Jordaan, M., A. E. Van Wyk, and O. Maurin. "Generic status of Quisqualis (Combretaceae), with notes on the taxonomy and distribution of Q. parviflora." Bothalia 41, no. 1 (2011): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i1.37.

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The taxonomic status of Quisqualis L., a genus closely related to and sometimes considered congeneric with Combretum Loefl., is discussed. The genus Quisqualis is maintained to accommodate selected African, Indian, Asian and Malesian species (including Q. indica L. and Q. parviflora Sond.). Diagnostic characters for Quisqualis include: leaves with abundant subepidermal crystalliferous idioblasts, each containing a large druse of calcium oxalate; leaves, stems and flowers with stalked glands but no scales; persistent petiole bases that develop into curved spines; petals well developed; hypanthium tubular or cylindrical, usually longer than 20 mm; stamens and style not or scarcely exserted; style adnate to hypanthium for more than half its length. Quisqualis shares a number of morphological similarities with Combretum Loefl. subgen. Cacoucia (Aubl.) Exell Stace sect. Poivrea (Comm. ex DC.) G.Don. Some species of Combretaceae from West, West Central and East Africa have the style adnate to the upper hypanthium and display features reminiscent of both Quisqualis and Combretum. These species also have characters of their own and in the past were placed in different sections under Combretum. It is suggested that at least some of these species may be best classified in genera distinct from Combretum and Quisqualis, one of which is Campylogyne Hemsley. Combretum s.str. is defined on the basis of a combination of characters and includes species of which the upper hypanthium is variable in shape, but when tubular or cylindrical, then always shorter than 20 mm. Other diagnostic characters include: stamens exserted well beyond petals; style exserted and free, but when shortly adnate to upper hypanthium (only at the base or for a short distance), then stamens long-exserted. It is suggested that different pollination strategies have developed independently in the Combretum–Quisqualis clade, resulting in convergent morphological trends in floral morphology. These homoplasious similarities in floral morphology are at the root of the difficulties experienced to demarcate genera. An alternative classification is provided for those preferring to include the southern African Quisqualis parviflora under Combretum s. l. For this purpose, a new combination and name, Combretum sylvicola O.Maurin is provided. Quisqualis parviflora is confined to the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal coastal regions and does not extend beyond this area as has been claimed by some. A comparative table to differentiate among four groups in Quisqualis and Combretum in Africa, as well as a photo of a herbarium specimen and a distribution map of Quisqualis parviflora, are provided.

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12

Marondedze, Claudius, and Ludivine A. Thomas. "Insights into fruit function from the proteome of the hypanthium." Journal of Plant Physiology 169, no. 1 (2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2011.10.001.

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13

Pusey, P. L. "The Role of Water in Epiphytic Colonization and Infection of Pomaceous Flowers by Erwinia amylovora." Phytopathology® 90, no. 12 (2000): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.12.1352.

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Detached crab apple flowers were used as an experimental model to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH), free moisture, and water potential Ψw on the interaction between Erwinia amylovora and pomaceous flowers. Flowers were maintained at 24°C with the cut pedicel submerged in a sucrose solution. The bacterium multiplied on inoculated flower stigmas at between approximately 55 and 100% RH but not in the floral cup (hypanthium) until the RH was higher than 80%. To study the effect of free moisture, stigma-inoculated flowers were kept wet for different periods. Flowers became diseased only with wetting, and incidence was high (77%) even when water application was immediately followed by a 52-min drying period. In other experiments with hypanthium-inoculated flowers, RH or sucrose concentration in holding vials was varied to affect Ψw of flower nectar and ovary tissue. Population size of E. amylovora in the hypanthium increased with nectar Ψw following a sigmoidal curve (R2 = 0.99). Disease incidence and severity, however, were more closely related to ovary Ψw (R2 = 0.85 and 0.91, respectively) than to bacterial population size (R2 = 0.25 and 0.67, respectively) as fitted to the quadratic equation. Maximum disease incidence and severity occurred at an ovary Ψw above -2.0 MPa, and disease severity continued to increase above -1.0 MPa. These results were confirmed with detached flowers of Delicious apple and d'Anjou pear. A practical implication is that disease might be partly managed in arid climates by limiting soil irrigation water during bloom and early fruit set.

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14

Cho, Seong-Hyun, Jung-Hoon Lee, Hyosig Won, Chhang Phourin, and Young-Dong Kim. "Sonerila bokorense (Melastomataceae), a new species from Cambodia." Phytotaxa 222, no. 4 (2015): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.4.8.

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Sonerila bokorense, a new species of Melastomataceae from Cambodia, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to S. calophylla, but it is distinguished by having aggregated tubercles, narrower leaves, and glandular trichomes on the pedicels, hypanthium, mid-veins of abaxial petals, and capsules.

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15

Belsham, Stephen R., and David A. Orlovich. "Development of the hypanthium and androecium in New Zealand Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)." New Zealand Journal of Botany 40, no. 4 (2002): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2002.9512824.

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16

Belsham, Stephen R., and David A. Orlovich. "Development of the hypanthium and androecium in South American Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)." New Zealand Journal of Botany 41, no. 1 (2003): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2003.9512836.

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17

GUTIÉRREZ-SÁNCHEZ, ROSA IVONNE, ARTURO CASTRO-CASTRO, JESÚS GUADALUPE GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS, IRMA LORENA LÓPEZ-ENRÍQUEZ, and ALFREDO FRÍAS-CASTRO. "Synopsis of the spurred species of Lobelia section Stenotium (Campanulaceae) in Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, and the description of two new species." Phytotaxa 338, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.3.

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The genus Lobelia is cosmopolitan and comprises 423 species in 18 sections. Lobelia sect. Stenotium is the most diverse group with 153 species, has a wide distribution in continental North America and is segregated into two subgroups based on the presence of spurred flowers. There are 16 spurred Lobelia species that occur in streamside or seep areas, throughout pine and oak mixed forests from USA to Costa Rica, but they are frequent along the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico, where 10 species grow. In this paper we present a synopsis of the spurred species of Lobelia in the SMO and propose two new taxa. First, Lobelia rzedowskii is morphologically similar to L. ayersiae, L. cordifolia and L. endlichii but differs by its rosulate leaves, blades 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, subsessile, racemose to paniculate inflorescences, with (4–)10–35(–191) flowers, flowers 4–6 mm long including hypanthium, spur 0.5–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm, with the lower two calyx lobes positioned at the middle portion of the spur, white corolla with a yellow spot above lobe sinuses on the throat and staminal tube 1.3–2.5 mm long. Second, Lobelia saturnini is morphologically similar to L. knoblochii, L. macrocentron, L. mcvaughii and L. villaregalis, but differs from them by leaves (2–)4–14(–17) mm long, petioles 2–6(–17) mm long, solitary flowers, flowers 12–16 mm long including hypanthium, hypanthium 1.2–2.5 mm long, spur 2–3 mm long, pedicels (1.3–)2–9(–12) cm long and anthers 1–2.2 mm long. We include an identification key for spurred species of Lobelia in the SMO, photographs, distribution notes with a map, and illustrations.

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18

PRASHOB, P., K. M. MANUDEV, SIBICHEN M. THOMAS, and S. NAMPY. "Osbeckia saddlepeakensis (Melastomataceae): a new species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India." Phytotaxa 344, no. 2 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.7.

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Osbeckia saddlepeakensis, a new species of Melastomataceae from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is described. The new species is easily distinguished by its small flowers, hypanthium with emergences only on basal portion, lanceolate and ciliate sepals, short stalked intersepalar emergences and oblong to narrowly ovoid anthers with a single apical pore.

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19

MELO, JANINE DIAS DE OLIVEIRA, ALINE STADNIK, and NÁDIA ROQUE. "Myrcia guedesiae (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil." Phytotaxa 452, no. 1 (2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.1.10.

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Myrcia guedesiae, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of South of Bahia State, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species belongs to Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia and is apparently related to M. hirtiflora and M. racemosa, differing in its leaves, inflorescences branches, number of flowers, hypanthium and calyx lobes on fruits.

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20

Orlovich, D. A., A. N. Drinnan, and P. Y. Ladiges. "Floral development in Melaleuca and Callistemon (Myrtaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 6 (1998): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97041.

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Floral development of seven species of Melaleuca and four species of Callistemon is compared. The multistaminate fascicles of Melaleuca develop from stamen primordia initiated on antepetalous pre-staminal bulges (PSBs); the resultant bundles of stamens become separated by hypanthial expansion as the flower bud enlarges. In most species of Callistemon examined the stamen primordia are initiated directly on the floral apex, and the stamens are distributed evenly around the hypanthium at anthesis. The possession of large and prominent PSBs, and thus stamen fascicles, is a feature of most species of Melaleuca and their total absence is a feature of most species of Callistemon; however, there is a continuum between these two extremes. Several taxa of both genera exhibit intermediate morphology. In C. glaucus (Bonpl.) Sweet, small but distinct PSBs develop, which influence antepetalous stamen groups that remain contiguous at anthesis. This also occurred in M. leucadendra (L.) L. This variable expression of PSBs is the result of differences in the timing of stamen initiation. Other variable features are determined by the space available for primordium initiation and the patterns of growth and expansion of the developing flower.

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21

Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Taxonomic significance of inflorescences, floral morphology and anatomy in Passerina (Thymelaeaceae)." Bothalia 31, no. 2 (2001): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i2.528.

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Comparative studies were undertaken on the inflorescence, bracts and floral morphology of all taxa of the genus Passerina L. in southern Africa. Information is given in tabular form and a key based on bract morphology is presented.Floral morphology supported the status of the intrageneric taxa and also proved to be of taxonomic significance in the genus. Controversy surrounding the interpretation of a number of floral morphological structures in Passerina has been resolved. Morphological and anatomical evidence allowed a re-interpretation of the structure of the receptacle, hypanthium and sepals, ovary type and position, structure of the seed coat, ovule type and position, obturator, fruit and seed. On this basis an authentic generic description of the floral morphology was compiled. Passerina is distinguished by the following set of characters, a very short floral receptacle, tubular hypanthium, petaloid calyx, absence of petals and petaloid scales, diplostemonous dimorphic androecium, extrorse anthers, superior ovary, anatropous, ventrally epitropous ovule, an obturator of elongated cells, a I-seeded berry or an achene and tegmic seed with nuclear endosperm becoming cellular throughout.On this basis the flower in Passerina is considered a phylogenetically advanced structure, supporting the view that the genus is advanced within the Thymelaeoideae. The proposed taxonomic relationship between Thymelaeaceae and Malvales is confirmed by floral morphological evidence. Comparative studies were undertaken on the inflorescence, bracts and floral morphology of all taxa of the genus Passerina L. in southern Africa. Information is given in tabular form and a key based on bract morphology is presented.Floral morphology supported the status of the intrageneric taxa and also proved to be of taxonomic significance in the genus. Controversy surrounding the interpretation of a number of floral morphological structures in Passerina has been resolved. Morphological and anatomical evidence allowed a re-interpretation of the structure of the receptacle, hypanthium and sepals, ovary type and position, structure of the seed coat, ovule type and position, obturator, fruit and seed. On this basis an authentic generic description of the floral morphology was compiled. Passerina is distinguished by the following set of characters, a very short floral receptacle, tubular hypanthium, petaloid calyx, absence of petals and petaloid scales, diplostemonous dimorphic androecium, extrorse anthers, superior ovary, anatropous, ventrally epitropous ovule, an obturator of elongated cells, a I-seeded berry or an achene and tegmic seed with nuclear endosperm becoming cellular throughout.On this basis the flower in Passerina is considered a phylogenetically advanced structure, supporting the view that the genus is advanced within the Thymelaeoideae. The proposed taxonomic relationship between Thymelaeaceae and Malvales is confirmed by floral morphological evidence.

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22

VADHYAR, RAKESH G., K. A. SUJANA, J. H. FRANKLIN BENJAMIN, and G. V. S. MURTHY. "Eugenia sphaerocarpa (Myrtaceae), a new species from Western Ghats of Kerala, India." Phytotaxa 442, no. 2 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.2.7.

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Eugenia sphaerocarpa, from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary of Kozhikode district in Kerala, India, is described and illustrated. It has some morphological similarities with Eugenia codyensis, but characteristically differs by having obconic hypanthium, round staminal disk and glossy lemon-yellow coloured fruits. Palynological studies evidenced that the new species have cryptic androdioecy, a feature that is reported in Indian Eugenia for the first time.

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23

NEO, LOUISE, K. M. WONG, and HUGH T. W. TAN. "Studies in Southeast Asian Melastoma (Melastomataceae), 3. A new species of Melastoma from Peninsular Malaysia." Phytotaxa 317, no. 4 (2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.4.3.

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Melastoma kemamanense is here described as a new species. It is characterised by broad, scabrid leaves, twigs with closely appressed scales, flowers in compact cymes, and anisomorphic stamens. It is similar to Melastoma imbricatum but differs from it by the thickly overlapping hypanthium scales and larger mature fruits. This new species is so far only known from northeast Peninsular Malaysia.

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24

Harrison, J. E., and T. Beveridge. "Fruit structure of Hippophae rhamnoides cv. Indian Summer (sea buckthorn)." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 4 (2002): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-016.

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Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (Elaeagnaceae) has become of interest as a crop because of the nutritive qualities of its fruit. In this study, structural features of the fruit of H. rhamnoides ssp. cv. Indian Summer were examined by light microscopy. Additional information was obtained for branches, racemes, pedicels, female flowers, and seeds. Each fruit contains an embryo encased in a seed coat that is surrounded by a thin seed sac or pericarp with a persistent style, all of which is enclosed in the hypanthium. The hypanthium, which forms the fleshy portion of the fruit, contains vascular bundles, storage tissues, an endodermis, and an epidermis. The epidermis contains many trichomes and is confluent with the exterior of the pedicel. The calyx of the fruit is slightly open, and trichomes are present in the calyx opening, in the seed cavity, and on the tail of the seed sac. Harvest by removing the pedicel from the fruit rips the epidermis, which exposes fruit flesh and results in loss of juice from the fruit. Information on fruit structure is relevant to methods of harvesting.Key words: Hippophae, Elaeagnaceae, rhamnoides, mongolica Rousi, seed, microscopy.

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Dashbaldan, Soyol, Agata Rogowska, Cezary Pączkowski, and Anna Szakiel. "Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175158.

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Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.

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Narayanan, M. K. Ratheesh, M. Sivadasan, C. N. Sunil, et al. "Sonerila gadgiliana, a new scapigerous species of Melastomataceae from India." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 22, no. 1 (2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v22i1.23861.

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Sonerila gadgiliana, a new species collected from high altitude moss-covered dripping rocks of grassland-shola margins in Wayanad district, Kerala, India is described and illustrated. The species resembles S. raghaviana Ratheesh et al., S. rotundifolia Bedd. and S. veldkampiana Ratheesh et al., but differs from leaf, inflorescence, peduncle, hypanthium, petal, anther, capsule and seed characteristics.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 915, 2015 (June)

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SREEKALA, A. K., DIVYA S. PILLAI, R. AKHIL, ANJANA SURENDRAN, and R. RAMASUBBU. "A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Kerala, India." Phytotaxa 403, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.403.1.6.

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Syzygium ponmudianum, a new tree species from Ponmudi, Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Kerala, India is described. This species is closely allied to Syzygium benthamianum and S. myhendrae but differs from it by having a reddish brown coloured cylindrical stem, large sized leaves with 22-29 pairs of secondary veins, deltoid and persistent calyx lobes, pyriform hypanthium, variously statured filaments, deep purple berries with ovate seeds.

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FERNÁNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, DIANA, CARMEN ULLOA ULLOA, and DARIN S. PENNEYS. "A new species of Blakea (Blakeeae, Melastomataceae) from Ecuador." Phytotaxa 284, no. 1 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.1.7.

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A new species, Blakea nangaritzana D. Fernández, C. Ulloa & Penneys from Nangaritza canton, Zamora-Chinchipe, southern Ecuador is described and illustrated. It differs from all other species of the genus by the character combination of terrestrial trees up to 25 m tall, outer and inner floral bracts free, narrowly oblanceolate to linear, hypanthium ca. 7 × 8 mm, and calyx lobes 4–5 mm long.

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CHATAN, WANNACHAI, and WILAWAN PROMPROM. "New species of Bauhinia (Cercidoideae: Leguminosae) from Thailand." Phytotaxa 385, no. 1 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.385.1.6.

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Bauhinia thailandica, a new species in the tribe Cercideae, subfamily Cercidoideae in the Leguminosae collected from the Northeast of Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is similar to B. acuminata and B. hirsuta but easily distinguished by their habits, indumentum, floral bud, hypanthium, petal and bud. The distinguishing characters of these three species are discussed. A key to Bauhinia species in Thailand is included.

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NARAYANAN, M. K. RATHEESH, V. MINI, T. SHAJU, et al. "A new species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae) from Kerala, India." Phytotaxa 110, no. 1 (2013): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.110.1.5.

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Sonerila veldkampiana, a new species of Melastomataceae collected from an exposed, high-elevation rocky grassland in Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It resembles S. rotundifolia, but differs in having several important characters like pilose leaf-lamina, terete and glabrous peduncle, inflorescence with 10–35 flowers in branched or unbranched scorpioid cymes, an obscurely ridged hypanthium, long acuminate anthers with a deeply cordate base, and seeds with a sub-excurrent raphe.

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AGCAOILI, JOHN MICHAEL, JULIE F. BARCELONA, and PIETER B. PELSER. "Melastoma malabituin (Melastomataceae): a new species from northern Luzon, Philippines." Phytotaxa 435, no. 1 (2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.435.1.3.

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Melastoma malabituin is described and illustrated. This new species is currently only known from the municipalities of San Mariano and Echague, Isabela Province, Luzon, Philippines, where it is found in remnants of secondary lowland forests in the Sierra Madre mountain range. It is characterized by having densely pilose indumentum on young stems and petioles, penicillate trichomes on its hypanthium, and serrulate and ciliate petals with an apical penicillate emergence.

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Pattee, Harold E., and Subhas C. Mohapatra. "Hypanthium and Style Senescence in Relation to Ovary Development in Arachis hypogaea L." Botanical Gazette 147, no. 3 (1986): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/337597.

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Vaz, Angela Maria Studart da Fonseca, and GWILYM P. LEWIS. "Four new species of Bauhinia sect. Pauletia and a new description of Bauhinia burchellii Bentham (Leguminosae) from Brazil." Phytotaxa 239, no. 3 (2015): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.3.7.

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Four new species of Bauhinia sect. Pauletia ser. Cansenia from Brazil are described: Bauhinia funchiana, Bauhinia malmeana, Bauhinia piresii and Bauhinia uberlandiana. All four are trees or treelets lacking tendrils and prickles. Flowers are arranged in pairs in pseudoracemes, each flower has a tubular hypanthium over 1.5 cm long and a calyx that is lobed at anthesis. In addition, the buds and flowers of B. burchellii are described for the first time.

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RAMASUBBU, RAJU, ANJANA SURENDRAN, and KARUPPA SAMY KASI. "Syzygium anamalaianum (Myrtaceae), a new tree species from the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India." Phytotaxa 450, no. 2 (2020): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.9.

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Syzygium anamalaianum, a new species from Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India is described. This species is closely allied to Syzygium bharathii and S.caryophyllatum, but differs from it by having thick elliptic or ovate–lanceolate leaves with deeply grooved midrib, 4–angled prominently winged peduncle, smaller flower, funnel or pyriform hypanthium, inwardly curved stamens of varying lengths and obovate or subglobular seeds. This combination of characters makes determining the relationships of Syzygium anamalaianum difficult.

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RAJU, RAMASUBBU, ANJANA SURENDRAN, DIVYA CHELLATHURAI, SASI KALA NAMBI, and MANIKANDAN GURUSAMY. "A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the South Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India." Phytotaxa 374, no. 3 (2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.3.8.

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Syzygium bharathii, a new species from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India is described. This species is closely allied to Syzygium benthamianum and Syzygium agastyamalayanum but differs from both by having a cylindrical stem with red young shootlets, glabrous leaves with wavy margin, quadrangular peduncle, large sized flower, inwardly curved filaments, narrow pyriform hypanthium, obovate, subglobose, ellipsoid fruits and ovate-obovate seeds. This combination of characters makes determining the relationships of S.bharathii difficult.

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SU, YU-LAN, YAN LIU, and YING LIU. "A new species of Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae) from Guangxi, China." Phytotaxa 500, no. 2 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.2.4.

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Phyllagathis impressinervia (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae), a new species from northwestern Guangxi, China and previously misidentified as P. cavaleriei in Chinese herbaria, is illustrated and described. The new species closely resembles P. cavaleriei in leaf shape, inflorescence type, and morphology of stamens and capsule, but can be easily distinguished by the leaf veins strongly sunken adaxially, hypanthium pubescent with ca. 1 mm long, spreading glandular hairs, creamy white anthers, and conspicuous ovary crown at anthesis.

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Li, Meng, Xin-Fen Gao, Jing Tian, and Wen-Bin Ju. "Sorbus gongshanensis (Rosaceae), a new species from the Hengduan Mountains, China." PhytoKeys 144 (March 17, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.48516.

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Sorbus gongshanensissp. nov., a new species from the Hengduan Mountains China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. kurzii from China (Yunnan &amp; Xizang), Nepal, and Sikkim in the size of the leaflets, glabrous veins, persistent (sometimes) herbaceous stipules and reddish brown villous inflorescences and red fruits, but differs in its serrate leaflet margins toothed in the distal half or often almost to their base, reddish brown villous to glabrous hypanthium and reddish brown villous infructescences, among other characteristics.

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MURUGESAN, MARUTHAKKUTTY, VELLINGIRI RAVICHANDRAN, and CHIDAMBARAM MURUGAN. "A new species of Sonerila (Melastomataceae) from the Western Ghats of India." Phytotaxa 404, no. 1 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.1.6.

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Sonerila coimbatorensis sp. nov. is described here. The new species is closely allied to S. gadgiliana Ratheesh & Sivad., by its acaulescent habit and the presence of a tuber, but differs in having smaller leaves (1.5–4.5 cm wide) with 3–5 nerves, sparsely glandular petiole, single inflorescence with 1–4 flowers, terete peduncle with 6–18 cm long, pedicel and hypanthium green, petals abaxially with a glabrous midrib and with acuminate apex, style 0.4 cm long and glabrous capsule.

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39

Atalay, F., and A. Kadioglu. "Development of Seeded and Seedless Hypanthium of Rosa Canina After Application of Growth Substances." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 3 (2002): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016282020543.

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40

FERNÁNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, DIANA M., LOU JOST, and AGNES S. DELLINGER. "Two new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae) from eastern Ecuador." Phytotaxa 458, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.1.1.

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We describe two new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae), Meriania ardyae from Llanganates National Park and Meriania zunacensis from the Río Zuñac Reserve in Ecuador. Meriania ardyae is characterized by dark crimson petals, hypanthium and calyx with a dark purple coloration, young branches and internodes covered with a dense pubescence of violet-black hirsute trichomes and slightly dimorphic stamens. Meriania zunacensis is distinguished by conspicuous interpetiolar flaps, inflorescences with glomerulate flower clusters, large flowers with magenta petals, isomorphic stamens, and a fleshy, strongly curved style.

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41

ROMERO, ROSANA, and ANA FLÁVIA ALVES VERSIANE. "A new species of Microlicia and a checklist of Melastomataceae from the mountains of Capitólio municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Phytotaxa 170, no. 2 (2014): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.4.

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Microlicia furnensis, a new endemic species from campos rupestres of Capitólio municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by its cream petals with pale pink blotches at the apex, sessile or subsessile leaves and golden glandular trichomes and short pale trichomes covering the leaves, pedicels, hypanthium and the calyx lobes. It resembles M. confertiflora, M. isophylla and M. flava, the latter also occuring in Capitólio, Minas Gerais state. A list of species of Melastomataceae from the mountains of Capitólio municipality is also provided.

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42

Thammarong, Woranart, Pranom Chantaranothai, and Pimwadee Pornpongrungrueng. "A new species of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) from Thailand and taxonomic notes on B. schmidtii." Phytotaxa 239, no. 1 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.7.

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A new species of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae), B. thailandica, is described from eastern Thailand. This species resembles B. acutangula in habit, leaf and flower characters, but differs mainly by its ellipsoid-shaped fruit with eight ribs. Additionally, B. schmidtii is reinstated as an independent species and it can be distinguished from its closely related taxa B. acutangula by its swollen leaf base, tomentose rachis, hypanthium and sepals, yellow filaments as well as obovoid-shaped, 4-angled and puberulent fruit. B. bicolor and B. badia are conspecific with B. schmidtii.

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43

KUETHE, J. R., and HERNAN DARIO BERNAL. "Passiflora calypilosa, a new species of Passiflora sect. Elkea (Passifloraceae) from the Andes of Colombia." Phytotaxa 450, no. 3 (2020): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.3.5.

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A new species from the Andes of Colombia is described. Passiflora calypilosa sp. nov. from supersection Tacsonia, section Elkea is morphologically closely related to Passiflora crispolanata from Boyacá, Colombia, and the polymorphic varieties of Passiflora lanata and Passiflora adulterina. The new species clearly differs from them in the fully tomentose hypanthium after which it is named and the densely hirsute ovary. Further, it appears to be restricted to a small area South-west of Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The morphology, distribution and ecology of the new species is compared and discussed below.

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44

BOCHORNY, THUANE, FABIAN A. MICHELANGELI, and RENATO GOLDENBERG. "Behuria lumiarensis (Melastomataceae), a new species on a mountaintop of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Phytotaxa 305, no. 2 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.2.5.

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We describe and illustrate Behuria lumiarensis, a new species from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It has been collected only once in montane vegetation in the Municipality of Nova Friburgo. The new species can be recognized by the combination of leaf blades with adaxial surface covered with sessile glands and abaxial surface moderately covered with stalked glands only on the veins, hypanthium sparsely covered with stalked glands, a large calyx tube with narrow sepals that are not apiculate in the apex, small petals, and glabrous ovary apex.

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45

CABRAL, ANDRESSA, RENATO ALBUQUERQUE MAGRI, and JENIFER DE CARVALHO LOPES. "Vellozia inselbergae (Velloziaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest inselbergs^†." Phytotaxa 497, no. 2 (2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.6.

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Vellozia inselbergae Mello-Silva ex Andr.Cabral, a new species of Velloziaceae endemic to the Atlantic Forest inselbergs in the Brazilian state of Bahia, is here described. The new species is morphologically similar to Vellozia armata and Vellozia luteola, putatively belonging to the same clade, but is distinguished from them mainly by the longer pedicel, cylindrical-ellipsoid hypanthium, white and larger tepals, stamen number, longer anthers and style, and larger capsules. Detailed morphological and anatomical descriptions, illustration and photographic plates, distribution map, and conservation status of Vellozia inselbergae are provided.

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46

Pusey, P. L., and T. J. Smith. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF APPLE HYPANTHIUM TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN RELATION TO FLOWER AGE AND COUGARBLIGHT MODEL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 793 (June 2008): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.793.3.

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47

Pusey, P. L. "Effect of Nectar on Microbial Antagonists Evaluated for Use in Control of Fire Blight of Pome Fruits." Phytopathology® 89, no. 1 (1999): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.1.39.

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Under warm, dry conditions, Erwinia amylovora can become established in relatively high populations on apple (Malus domestica) or pear (Pyrus communis) flower stigmas, and subsequent wet conditions facilitate its movement to the flower hypanthium where infection generally is initiated through the nectarthodes. Research on biological control of fire blight has focused mainly on the flower stigma, and knowledge is lacking regarding the effect of nectar on microbial antagonists in the flower hypanthium. The biocontrol agents Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strain C9-1 were cultured in a basal liquid medium with various concentrations (0 to 50% total sugar) of sucrose or synthetic nectar (sucrose/glucose/fructose, 2:1:1). Strain A506 showed less growth and lower survival than strain C9-1 at high sugar levels, and A506 was less effective than C9-1 as a preemptive antagonist of E. amylovora in high-sugar media. Both antagonist strains were less tolerant to high sugar levels than E. amylovora (strain Ea153). The same bacteria were cultured in a medium with 25% total sugar consisting of various proportions of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and growth response correlated strongly with solute potential. When 28 microbial strains were cultured in synthetic nectar (25% total sugar) and ranked based on growth, strains clustered according to taxonomic group. Yeasts were most osmotolerant, followed by strains of E. amylovora, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Further studies done in planta are necessary to determine whether osmotolerance of antagonists is advantageous in the biological control of fire blight.

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48

Nandikar, M. D., and K. C. Kishor. "A new species and a synopsis of the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia group (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 64, no. 3 (2019): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.04.

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An identification key to all the reported species of Hedyotis-Oldenlandia group (Hedyotis, Oldenlandia, Exallage, Leptopetalum, Scleromitrion and Debia) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands is presented with one new species, Oldenlandia smita-crishnae, described from Saddle Peak forests of North Andaman, India. It shares some characters with Oldenlandia herbacea, O. corymbosa and O. pseudocorymbosa. However, it is remarkable for its abaxially puberulous leaves, divaricate stipules, ellipsoid to obovoid hypanthium, pink-striped corolla lobes and 20–30-seeded, inserted capsule. Furthermore, a new combination in Exallage is proposed and lectotypes for Spermacoce cristata, S. costata, Hedyotis vestita and Oldenlandia stocksii are designated.

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Craven, L. A., K. Q. Damas, and K. J. Cowley. "Studies in Papuasian Syzygium (Myrtaceae): 2. The furfuraceous species of subg. Syzygium." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 66, no. 1 (2021): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.03.

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The furfuraceous species of Syzygium subg. Syzygium in Papuasia are revised. The scurfy, furfuraceous epidermis that is a feature of the inflorescence branches and sometimes also of the hypanthium, the commonly chestnut brown colour of the dried leaves, and the reduced calyx that occurs in many species are characteristic features of the group. Within this subgenus, a new section Furfuraceum is described to accommodate these morphologically recognisable species. Descriptions are provided for each of the 40 species recognised, 28 of which are new. An identification key, distribution maps and an index to numbered exsiccatae are provided.

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50

WANG, HUI-FENG, ZHENG-FENG WANG, QIAO-MEI QIN, HONG-LIN CAO, and XIAO-MING GUO. "Tigridiopalma longmenensis (Melastomataceae), a new species from Guangdong, China." Phytotaxa 500, no. 3 (2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.8.

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Tigridiopalma longmenensis, a new species from Guangdong, China, is described. This species differs from its ally, T. magnifica, by the polychasium consisting of scorpioid cymes, hypanthium with carinas on angles, and longer stamens with a conspicuously white or pink spur at the connective base of anther. A diagnosis and a distribution map of the two species are also provided. The complete chloroplast genome of T. longmenensis was reported here. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete chloroplast genomes from T. longmenensis and other 15 Melastomataceae species indicated that T. longmenensis is sister to T. magnifica. The discovery of T. longmenensis terminates Tigridiopalma as a monotypic genus.

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