Academic literature on the topic 'Hyperendemic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Manetti, A. C. "Hyperendemic urban blastomycosis." American Journal of Public Health 81, no. 5 (May 1991): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.81.5.633.
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Aranzazu, Nacarid, Juan J. Parra, Maritza Cardenas, Elsa Rada, Olga Zerpa, Teresa Rivera, Rafael Borges, et al. "Cojedes: a leprosy hyperendemic state." International Journal of Dermatology 51, no. 2 (January 17, 2012): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05080.x.
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Larkin, G. L., and P. E. Thuma. "Congenital Malaria in a Hyperendemic Area." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 45, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.587.
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Ratti, Vardayani, and Dorothy I. Wallace. "A Malaria Transmission Model Predicts Holoendemic, Hyperendemic, and Hypoendemic Transmission Patterns Under Varied Seasonal Vector Dynamics." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 568–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz186.
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Abstract A model is developed of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) transmission in vector (Anopheles gambiae) and human populations that include the capacity for both clinical and parasite suppressing immunity. This model is coupled with a population model for Anopheles gambiae that varies seasonal with temperature and larval habitat availability. At steady state, the model clearly distinguishes uns hypoendemic transmission patterns from stable hyperendemic and holoendemic patterns of transmission. The model further distinguishes hyperendemic from holoendemic disease based on seasonality of infection. For hyperendemic and holoendemic transmission, the model produces the relationship between entomological inoculation rate and disease prevalence observed in the field. It further produces expected rates of immunity and prevalence across all three endemic patterns. The model does not produce mesoendemic transmission patterns at steady state for any parameter choices, leading to the conclusion that mesoendemic patterns occur during transient states or as a result of factors not included in this study. The model shows that coupling the effect of varying larval habitat availability with the effects of clinical and parasite-suppressing immunity is enough to produce known patterns of malaria transmission.
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Sanghavi, D. M., R. H. Gilman, A. s. G. Lescano-Guevara, W. Checkley, L. Z. Cabrera, and V. Cardenas. "Hyperendemic Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Peruvian Shantytown." American Journal of Epidemiology 148, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009657.
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Uys, Pieter, Ben J. Marais, Simon Johnstone-Robertson, John Hargrove, and Robin Wood. "Transmission Elasticity in Communities Hyperendemic for Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 52, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir229.
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Ezeh, Charles Ogbonna, Kenechukwu Chibuike Onyekwelu, Olaoluwa Phebian Akinwale, Lv Shan, and Hu Wei. "Urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria: a 50 year review of prevalence, distribution and disease burden." Parasite 26 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019020.
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We reviewed survey data deposited in the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database and many other articles on the prevalence and distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium surveys conducted over the period of 50 years under review using different diagnostic tools revealed that Ogun State has the highest prevalence, followed by Ekiti state, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Adamawa. No incidence of Schistosoma haematobium was recorded for states such as Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa and Gombe. In terms of endemicity, this review has shown that Nigeria is divided into four zones: hyperendemic, moderately endemic, low endemic, and no endemic zones. A survey of 47 (15%) of the 323 dams in Nigeria revealed that 45 out of the 47 dams are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the remaining two are located in the moderately endemic zone. Twenty (43%) of the total surveyed dams harboured Bulinus globosus and/or Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the local intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and 18 of these are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the other two are in the moderately endemic zone. We conclude that there is an urgent need to carry out a nationwide survey to help in planning, coordinating, and evaluating schistosomiasis control activities.
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Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily C., and Kevin M. De Cock. "HIV control in hyperendemic communities in east Africa." Lancet HIV 6, no. 10 (October 2019): e643-e644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30241-3.
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Gasser, Robin B., Michael P. Reichel, and Roger A. Lyford. "Hyperendemic focus of echinococcosis in north‐eastern Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 160, no. 8 (April 1994): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb138315.x.
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GARCÍA, HÉCTOR H., NESTOR FALCON, TERESA BERNAL, ANDRES G. LESCANO, CESAR GAVIDIA, ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ, MARCO TOVAR, et al. "HYPERENDEMIC HUMAN AND PORCINE TAENIA SOLIUM INFECTION IN PERÚ." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.268.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Häfner, Kathrin [Verfasser], and Colin [Gutachter] MacKenzie. "High occurrence of disabilities caused by leprosy: census from a hyperendemic area in Brazil / Kathrin Häfner ; Gutachter: Colin MacKenzie." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214439632/34.
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Costa, Graciomar Conceição. "Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e imunológicos da hanseníase em área hiperendêmica do estado do Maranhão." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/9478.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A hanseníase ou mal de Hansen (MH), causada pelo patógeno Mycobacterium leprae, ainda constitui um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, e em especial no Maranhão. A doença é hiperendêmica em 77 municípios do Estado. A resposta imune ao patógeno de indivíduos dessas regiões permanece obscuro podendo contribuir na manutenção da hiperendemia. Por isso, este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e imunológico de pacientes infectados por M. leprae, e de seus contatos, procedentes de área hiperendêmica. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizado um estudo transversal foi realizado nos municípios de Açailândia, Imperatriz e São Luís, no período 2009 a 2012. Pacientes e contatos foram clinicamente avaliados e tiveram os dados epidemiológicos coletados. Uma amostra de sangue foi obtida para realização das sorologias para detecção de anticorpos IgM anti-PGL1 pelos testes de ELISA e ML-Flow, e dosagem de citocinas e quimiocinas. A análise descritiva demonstrou que a maioria dos pacientes eram adultos, do gênero masculino, diagnosticados principalmente com as formas intermediárias da doença (60%). Incapacidades físicas foram detectadas em 35% dos casos, a maioria da forma multibacilar (MB). Os contatos de pacientes MB, em idade adulta, do sexo feminino, de convívio intradomiciliar e com parentesco de primeiro grau com os pacientes foram maioria. Anticorpos anti-PGL1 foram encontrados em 42,6% dos casos e 12% dos contatos pelo ML-Flow. E ainda em 36,8% dos casos e 12,5 % dos contatos pela técnica do ELISA. A concordância dos testes foi moderada, porém significativa (K=0,423). A soropositividade ao PGL1 está associada às variáveis epidemiológicas de casos, principalmente. Observou-se que casos e contatos apresentam alta produção de IL-17A. Pacientes MB e contatos possuem altas concentrações séricas de IL-6. Os da forma virchowiana tem reduzida produção de TGF-β1. CXCL9 e CXCL10 foram evidentes nos MB, enquanto CXCL8 estava presente em contatos. Os aspectos avaliados confirmam o caráter hiperendêmico e a manutenção de fatores de riscos para o adoecimento de contatos. O perfil imunológico observado abre perspectivas para o conhecimento e elucidação da patogenia em regiões de grande circulação do M. leprae.
Leprosy, caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium leprae, it is a public health problem in Brazil yet, especially in Maranhão. The disease is hyperendemic in 77 counties of the State. Immune response to the pathogen of individuals in these regions remains unclear and may be contributing to maintenance of high endemicity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize epidemiological and immunological profile of patients infected with M. leprae, and their contacts, from hyperendemic regions. Cross-sectional study was accomplished in Açailândia, Imperatriz and São Luís counties, 2009-2012. Patients and contacts were clinically evaluated and had their epidemiological data collected. A blood sample was obtained for performing serological tests IgM anti-PGL1 detection by ELISA and ML-Flow and measurement of cytokines and chemokines. Descriptive analysis showed that most patients were adults, male, diagnosed with intermediate forms mainly (60%). Physical disabilities were detected in 35% of cases, most of multibacillary form (MB). The contacts were MB patients in adult age, female, household and first-degree kinship. PGL1 antibodies were found in 42.6% of cases and 12% of contacts by ML-Flow, 36.8% of cases and 12.5% of contacts by the ELISA procedure. Concordance tests was moderate but significant (K = 0.423). PGL1 seropositivity is associated with epidemiologic features of cases, mostly. It was observed that patients and contacts present high IL-17A production. MB patients and contacts have high IL-6 serum concentration. Patients with lepromatous form had reduced TGF-β1 production. CXCL9 and CXCL10 were apparent in MB, while CXCL8 was present in contacts. The evaluated aspects confirm high endemicity and maintenance of risk factors for contact illness. Immune profile observed opens perspectives to understanding and elucidation of pathogenesis in regions where M. leprae has large circulation.
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Last, A. R. "A study of the molecular and spatial determinants of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection on the trachoma-hyperendemic Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea Bissau, West Africa." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2212647/.
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Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of preventable blindness and the most common sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide. Trachoma presents an environment in which to investigate chlamydial pathogenicity, the conjunctivae serving as an accessible model with an objectively observable phenotype. The Bijagós Archipelago is a unique setting where trachoma is hyperendemic. The primary aims of this study were to use novel molecular, bioinformatic and geostatistical approaches in conjunction with population-based clinical and epidemiological metadata to investigate the micro-epidemiology of ocular C. trachomatis and active trachoma in this population. The prevalence of trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis infection have been documented, and socio-environmental risk factors have been identified that may be important in the implementation of trachoma elimination activities in these communities. A strong association was found between C. trachomatis ocular load (estimated using droplet digital PCR) and the level of conjunctival inflammation. Geostatistical analyses suggest that ocular C. trachomatis load may be important in transmission, as spatial clusters of high load infections were identified, whilst spatial clusters of low load infections were absent. This study includes the first population-based pathogen genome-wide association scan (GWAS) for C. trachomatis, using high quality next generation whole genome sequence data obtained directly from clinical samples. The genomewide associations with conjunctival inflammation (incE) and C. trachomatis load (mutY and CTA_0271) present genes involved in specific biological characteristics of C. trachomatis, the functions of which suggest that early interactions with host cells are important in C. trachomatis pathogenesis. Pathogen GWAS, applied in this context, is a powerful approach in the identification of multiple targets for further study in pathogenesis and directed study of potential vaccine candidates, allowing a greater understanding of association and interaction of genes on a genome-wide scale. Following a single round of mass drug treatment with oral azithromycin (MDA) in these communities the prevalence of active trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis were significantly reduced. Individual and median loads of C. trachomatis were reduced and the highest burden of disease and infection were concentrated in young children. Spatial clustering of infection identified using geostatistical tools was intensified following MDA, but the number of clusters of high load infections was reduced. The severity of conjunctival inflammation was reduced following MDA. This study suggests that chlamydial load is important in disease pathogenesis and may be important in transmission of infection. Geospatial tools may be useful in the context of MDA to identify clusters of infection and thresholds of C. trachomatis bacterial load that may be important foci of transmission. The association between conjunctival inflammation and C. trachomatis load may reflect pathogen virulence. This is supported by the presence of genome-wide associations with C. trachomatis load and conjunctival inflammation identified by pathogen GWAS. Further epidemiological, in vitro and in silico studies are required to provide a more complete picture of the relationship between disease severity, bacterial load and chlamydial diversity in the context of transmission and elimination dynamics.
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Paiva, Maria de Fátima Lires. "Estudo de aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e imunológicos da hanseníase em município hiperendêmico." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9190.
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A epidemiologia da hanseníase tem demonstrado a utilização de ferramentas clínicas, moleculares e imunológicas, para o mapeamento dos principais focos de ocorrência da doenças e de áreas de alto risco de adoecimento. Programas de controle da hanseníase, doença de longo período de incubação, em que os contatos são os principais grupos de risco, devem estabelecer todos os procedimentos disponíveis para o controle desse agravo. Objetiva-se estudar aspectos epidemiológicos clínicos e imunológicos da hanseníase em município hiperendêmico do Maranhão. Estudo de epidemiológico descritivo, realizado com 599 contatos, entre outubro de 2009 a outubro de 2011, no Serviço de Dermatologia no ambulatório do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão unidade Presidente Dutra São Luís - MA. Foi observado que a maioria dos contatos foi do gênero feminino com 57,17%, a faixa etária predominante acima de 15 anos, ou seja, (64,59%) com maior frequência na faixa de 20 a 59 anos, idade adulta e produtiva e o tipo de convívio predominante é o intradomiciliar com 74,95%, a forma clínica foi HT (30,00%), a classificação operacional mais frequente foi a MB com 61,90% do gênero feminino; a maioria apresentou somente uma cicatriz vacinal pela BCG, destacou-se o gênero masculino com 63,00%. O teste Elisa apresentou percentual de 63,50% e o ML-Flow 64,00%. Considerando o resultado dos testes Elisa e ML-FLOW sugere-se a utilização das técnicas imunológicas como ferramentas necessárias para o diagnóstico precoce, controle e vigilância dos contatos como forma de interromper a cadeia de transmissão da hanseníase na cidade pesquisada.Leprosy epidemiology has demonstrated the usefulness of clinical, molecular and immunological tools for geographical identification of the main disease occurrence foci and also of high risk disease acquiring areas. Leprosy control programs must consider its long incubation period, during which nearby contacts are the main disease risk group, and should make use of all available procedures for disease control. This paper aims to study clinical, epidemiological end immunological aspects of leprosy in a hyper endemic county of Maranhão state. Its a descriptive epidemiological study made with 599 leprosy contacts from October 2009 to October 2011 in the clinic of the Dermatology service at the Presidente Dutra unit of Maranhão Federal University Hospital. Most contacts observed were female (57,17%), more than 15 years old (64,59%), mostly between ages 20-59, an adult and productive life span. Household contact was the most frequent (74,95%) as was tuberculoid leprosy (30,00%). MB operational classification was most frequent (61,90% of females), most presenting one BCG vaccine scar, with males amounting to 63,00%. ELISA test was positive in 63,5% and ML-flow in 64,00%. These two test results suggests the use of immunological techniques as necessary tools for precocious diagnosis, surveillance and control of leprosy contacts as a means of interrupting leprosy transmission chain in the analyzed county.
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Bardales-Valdivia, J. N., M. D. Bargues, C. Hoban-Vergara, C. Bardales-Bardales, C. Goicochea-Portal, H. Bazán-Zurita, Valle-Mendoza J. Del, P. Ortiz, and S. Mas-Coma. "Spread of the fascioliasis endemic area assessed by seasonal follow-up of rDNA ITS-2 sequenced lymnaeid populations in Cajamarca, Peru." Elsevier B.V, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657338.
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Fascioliasis is a worldwide emerging snail-borne zoonotic trematodiasis with a great spreading capacity linked to animal and human movements, climate change, and anthropogenic modifications of freshwater environments. South America is the continent with more human endemic areas caused by Fasciola hepatica, mainly in high altitude areas of Andean regions. The Peruvian Cajamarca area presents the highest human prevalences reported, only lower than those in the Bolivian Altiplano. Sequencing of the complete rDNA ITS-2 allowed for the specific and haplotype classification of lymnaeid snails collected in seasonal field surveys along a transect including 2007–3473 m altitudes. The species Galba truncatula (one haplotype preferentially in higher altitudes) and Pseudosuccinea columella (one haplotype in an isolated population), and the non-transmitting species Lymnaea schirazensis (two haplotypes mainly in lower altitudes) were found. Climatic seasonality proved to influence G. truncatula populations in temporarily dried habitats, whereas L. schirazensis appeared to be more climatologically independent due to its extreme amphibious ecology. Along the southeastern transect from Cajamarca city, G. truncatula and L. schirazensis shared the same site in 7 localities (46.7% of the water collections studied). The detection of G. truncatula in 11 new foci (73.3%), predominantly in northern localities closer to the city, demonstrate that the Cajamarca transmission risk area is markedly wider than previously considered. Lymnaea schirazensis progressively increases its presence when moving away from the city. Results highlight the usefulness of lymnaeid surveys to assess borders of the endemic area and inner distribution of transmission foci. Similar lymnaeid surveys are still in need to be performed in the wide northern and western zones of the Cajamarca city. The coexistence of more than one lymnaeid transmitting species, together with a morphologically indistinguishable non-transmitting species and livestock movements inside the area, conform a complex scenario which poses difficulties for the needed One Health control intervention.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
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Koutangni, Thibaut. "Modélisation des méningites bactériennes dans la ceinture africaine des méningites pour l’évaluation de la vaccination préventive Incidence, Carriage and Case-Carrier Ratios for Meningococcal Meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Compartmental Models for Seasonal Hyperendemic Bacterial Meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS159.
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Une dynamique saisonnière régulière (hyperendémie) et épidémique est observée pour les méningites à méningocoques et pneumocoques dans la ceinture africaine des méningites. Comprendre cette dynamique est essentiel pour une meilleure prévention et modélisation. Les hyperendémies serait liées à un risque accru de méningite chez les porteurs sains du méningocoque et du pneumocoque ; ou une transmission accrue de ces bactéries par les porteurs sains et les personnes malades en saison sèche. Nous avons développé trois modèles mathématiques des méningites, incluant l’une ou la combinaison des deux hypothèses. Les modèles étaient paramétrés sur base des connaissances actuelles de la biologie et la physiopathologie des méningocoques et des pneumocoques. Nous avons comparé les performances des modèles à prédire les cas de méningites bactérienne aiguë notifiés par des formations sanitaires au Burkina Faso entre 2004-2010, dans le cadre de la surveillance des méningites. Les prédictions des modèles étaient satisfaisantes (R2, 0.72, 0.86, 0.87). Forcer la saisonnalité de la transmission seule ou et du risque de méningite permettent de mieux prédire l'amplitude des hyperendémies saisonnières. Cependant, le modèle incluant la saisonnalité de la transmission seule nécessitait un taux d'invasion constant plus élevé. Ces résultats suggèrent que des variations saisonnières du risque de méningite et de transmission des bactéries contribuent aux hyperendémies saisonnières. En conséquence, des interventions réduisant le risque de transmission et d’invasion bactériennes, pendant la saison sèche, seraient nécessaires pour limiter la saisonnalité de la méningite bactérienne en AfriquePathophysiological mechanisms underlying the seasonal dynamic and epidemic occurrence of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt remain unknown. Regular seasonality (hyperendemicity) is observed for meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. Understanding this is critical for better prevention and modelling. The two main hypotheses for hyperendemicity during the dry season imply an increased risk of invasive disease given asymptomatic carriage of meningococci and pneumococci; or an increased transmission of these bacteria from carriers and ill individuals. We developed three mathematical models of seasonal hyperendemicity, featuring one or a combination of the two hypotheses. Models were parameterized based on current knowledge on meningococcal and pneumococcal biology and pathophysiology. We compared the models’ performance in reproducing weekly incidences cases of acute bacterial meningitis reported by health centres in Burkina Faso during 2004–2010, through meningitis surveillance. All models performed well (R2, 0.72, 0.86, 0.87). Seasonal forcing transmission only or and risk of meningitis better captured amplitude of seasonal incidence. However, seasonal forcing transmission alone required a higher constant invasion rate. These results suggest a combination of seasonal changes of the risk of invasive disease and carriage transmission is involved in hyperendemic bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Consequently, interventions reducing the risk of nasopharyngeal invasion and the bacteria transmission, especially during the dry season are believed to be needed to limit the recurrent seasonality of bacterial meningitis in the meningitis belt
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Chang, Chia-Hua, and 張家華. "The changing prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in a hyperendemic area in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31066719194902536044.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
醫學社會學與社會工作學研究所
100
Background/Aim: The maritime part of Tzukuan Township is a documented HCV hyperendemic countryside in Taiwan with an extremely high prevalence rate of 41.6% among adults. The study aimed to assess the secular trend of HCV epidemics in this area. Methods: A consecutive 5-year of screening program has been launched in this hyperendemic area. The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was evaluated in an annual manner. The potential risks of transmission were also assessed. The statistical tests were two-tailed and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All procedures were performed using JMP version 9. Results: There were 312, 626, 282, 766, and 933 residents participated this screening program in 2008 to 2010 respectively. There was a significant decreasing trend of prevalence, ranging from 34.94% (109/312) in 2006, 31.79% (199/626) in 2007, 38.3% (108/282) in 2008, 24.67% (189/766) in 2009, and 22.16% (207/933) in 2010. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows the current status of epidemiological data about HCV infection among adults in southern Taiwan. There are different demographic features in HCV infection.
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Yung-Kai, Huang, and 黃詠愷. "The Study on Arsenic Species Analysis of Aquaculture Fish and Bivalve in Blackfoot Disease Hyperendemic Area." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77870512989629965806.
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碩士台北醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
90
A study was carried out to develop the extraction method and determine arsenic species in the main varieties of aquaculture seafood in blackfoot disease hyperendemic areas. Besides, the relationship between arsenic species of aquaculture ponds and marine arsenic species was explored. Biota samples were extracted with methanol/water (1/1) by Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extracts were evaporated to dryness by cold evaporator, dissolved again in water, and filtered through C18 column. The concentrations of Arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) of extracts were measured by high performance liquid chromatography linked to hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AAS). Moreover, arsenobetaine was analyzed by HPLC-ultra violet (UV)-HG-AAS. The concentrations of arsenic species were determined in 71 mouthbreeder (oreochromis mossambicus) and 26 hard clam (meretrix lusoria) samples that were aquacultured in Putai, Ichu, Peimen, and Hsuehchia areas. Oyster (Crassotrea gigas) samples were collected from Putai, Anping, Hsiangshan, Tungshih, Tungkang, and Wangkung areas. The concentrations of arsenic species in biota samples and aquaculture pond water were analyzed. There were twenty-four percentage of aquaculture ponds arsenic concentrations higher than the standard of Drinking Water Act. The arsenic concentrations of Putai and Peimen pond water were higher than those of Ichu and Hsuehchia. Total arsenic and inorganic arsenic levels of aquaculture fish were lower than oyster and hard clam. Arsenite concentration in fish was significantly correlated with inorganic arsenic concentration in pond water. Arsenate level in fish was significantly correlated with the body length, width and weight of fish. Comparing the arsenic species with oyster, fish and hard clam, the inorganic percentage of total arsenic in oyster was lowest, and arsenobetaine percentage of total arsenic in fish was highest. Arsenite concentration of oyster collected from Putai was higher than that from Anping. Although fish and hard clam were collected from aquaculture ponds, the percentage of MMA and DMA relative to the sum of arsenic and its metabolites in fish was higher than in hard clam. The percentage of arsenite relative to the sum of arsenic and its metabolites in fish was lower than in hard clam. These results suggested that arsenic metabolic capability of fish was better than that of hard clam. The percentage of arsenite in bivalve, such as hard clam and oyster, relative to the sum of arsenic and its metabolites in hard clam was higher than that in oyster. It suggested that arsenic concentration of hard clam cultured in aquaculture ponds was higher than oyster bred in ocean. The inferior marine animals accumulate inorganic arsenic easily because their metabolism capabilities are fairly low.
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蔡巧姿. "The Relationship between Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism and Hypertension in Blackfoot Disease Hyperendemic Area in Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51787679134559681740.
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碩士台北醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
89
This study was conducted to explore the relationship among nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism, arsenic methylation capability, and the prevalence of hypertension in blackfoot disease hyperendemic area in Taiwan. Three villages, Homei, Fuhsin and Hsinming of Putai Township on the southwestern coast of Taiwan Island were selected as the study area. The residents aged 30 or more years old, who lived at least 5 days a week in the villages were recruited into this study from January to February 1989. Each study subject was personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers with standardized interview techniques and with a structured questionnaire. The history of living in the arseniasis endemic area and duration of drinking artesian well water, together with life style variables including alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and dietary habit, as well as personal and family history of disease were obtained in the interview. In addition, the study subjects received physical examination and the fasting bloods were collected. Serum and buffy coat were separated and stored in -70℃ for the analysis of clinical biochemistry indies and nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism. The serum samples of 327 study subjects were collected from 1993 who had urinary arsenic species data were randomly recruited as study subjects in this study. DNA was extracted from buffy coat to analyze nitric oxide synthase（eNOS） gene polymorphism utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) We found no difference in the eNOS gene polymorphism between hypertension patients and normal tension controls. On the other hand, we found that age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cumulative arsenic exposure were significantly positively related with the risk of hypertension after adjustment with eNOS gene polymorphism and arsenic metabolism capability. The higher the cumulative arsenic exposure and the lower arsenic metabolism capability increase the risk of hypertension after adjustment with age, sex, BMI, eNOS gene polymorphism. In the eNOS codon 298 (wt/wt), the odds ratio of hypertension was related with age, sex, BMI, and arsenic metabolism capability. But, the eNOS codon 298 (wt/vt) and eNOS codon 298 (vt/vt) did not related. On the other hand, in the eNOS codon 298 (wt/wt), the higher the cumulative arsenic exposure and the lower arsenic metabolism capability increase the risk of hypertension after age, sex, BMI, eNOS gene polymorphism adjustment. The same result was shown in the eNOS codon 298 (wt/vt) and eNOS codon 298 (vt/vt).
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Chen, Hui-Wen, and 陳惠雯. "The Relationship between Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism and Hypertension in Blackfoot Disease Hyperendemic Area in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00344472446959799484.
Full textAbstract:
碩士台北醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
90
The relationship between hypertension and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism has been studied in the blackfoot disease endemic area. The study subjects who were over 30 years old and lived at least 5 days a week in the three villages were recruited. The data of study subjects were collected in 1989 and biological samples were obtained from 1989 to 1997. Two well-trained public health nurses performed a standardized personal interview based on a structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the interview included demographic characteristics, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking, working and residential history, history of well water consumption as well as family history of hypertension. Moreover, DNA was extracted from buffy coat to analyze the Val/Ala variant in the mitochondrial targeting sequence in MnSOD gene utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Serum was measured for all trans-retinol, a-tocopherol, lycopene,B-carotene by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The relative risk of MnSOD Val/Ala and Ala/Ala genotype was twice increment than the MnSOD Val/Val genotype after adjusting the traditional risk factors of hypertension and cumulative arsenic exposure. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and cumulative arsenic exposure, MnSOD Val/Ala and Ala/Ala genotype people had higher relative risk than MnSOD Val/Val genotype people in any concentration of triglyceride and vitamin E. The relative risk of hypertension for MnSOD Val/Val genotype people in lower cumulative arsenic exposure, normal BMI and lower triglyceride level was decreased after age and sex were adjusted. The odds ratios of MnSOD Val/Val genotype and cumulative arsenic exposure over 10.2 ppm*year was 7.9, and significantly higher than MnSOD Val/Val genotype and cumulative arsenic exposure lower than 10.2 ppm*year after adjusting the important risk factors. Besides, whether lower triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and vitamin E concentration, the relative risk of hypertension was increasing in the case of people with cumulative arsenic exposure over 10.2 ppm*year. The results of this study suggested that MnSOD gene polymorphism may be a genetic susceptible factor of hypertension and MnSOD genotype may modify individual hypertension risk. Acquired environment exposure, life style and dietary habit were also very important risk factors for hypertension.
Books on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Parkinson, Michael, John P. Dalton, and Sandra M. O’Neill. Fasciolosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0079.
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Liver fluke disease, or fasciolosis, of livestock and humans is caused by endoparasitic trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Fasciola hepatica is responsible for the disease in temperate climates whereas F. gigantica is found in tropical zones. Recently, hybrids between F. hepatica and F. gigantica have been described (Le et al. 2008, Periago et al. 2008). Fasciolosis is a true zoonoses as it is predominantly a disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans at a specific stage of the parasite’s complex life cycle. There are a number of definitive hosts which includes sheep, cattle, and humans but this parasite has evolved to infect many other mammalian hosts including pigs, dogs, alpacas, llamas, rats, and goats (Apt et al. 1993; Chen and Mott 1990; Esteban et al. 1998). While prevalence of infection in humans may be relatively low in relation to animals, in specific geographic locations, for example in Bolivia, the prevalence of fasciolosis is so high in the human populations (hyperendemic) that it contributes to the spread of disease in animals (Esteban et al. 1999; Mas-Coma et al. 1999).Archeological studies showing Fasciola eggs in ancient mummies in Egypt demonstrate that fasciolosis is an ancient human disease (David 1997). Sporadic cases of fasciolosis were reported in Egypt in 1958 (Kuntz et al. 1958). The first to carry out an extensive review on human fasciolosis were Chen and Mott (1990). They reported 2,595 cases in over 40 countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the western Pacifi c from 1970 – 1990. This review raised awareness of fasciolosis in humans and triggered a growth in epidemiological studies and a consequential dramatic increase in reporting of cases in the literature. Now human fasciolosis is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important disease in humans with an estimated 2.4 million people infected annually and 180 million at risk to infection in over 61 countries (Haseeb et al. 2002). There have been several cases of large scale epidemics in France (Dauchy et al. 2007), Egypt (Curtale et al. 2007) and Iran (Rokni et al. 2002).However, the only extensive epidemiological studies to determine the rate of infection have been carried out in Egypt and Bolivia (Curtale et al. 2003, 2007; Esteban et al. 2002; Parkinson et al. 2007). These studies have shown that co-infection with other diseases is a common occurrence and this may lead to under-reporting of the incidence of fasciolosis (Esteban et al. 2003; Maiga et al. 1991). In many countries, the overall rates of infection are extrapolated from sporadic reports of the disease and, consequently, worldwide disease prevalence is uncertain. In this chapter we will review the cause and effect of human fasciolosis, and particularly highlight important considerations in designing control strategies to reduce infection in at-risk communities.
Book chapters on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Rosales, Carlos, and Antonio Morilla. "Epidemiological Pattern of Aujeszky's Disease in a Hyperendemic Area of Mexico." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, 217–20. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch7b.
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Suraratdecha, C., C. Levin, and F. M. LaForce. "Disease Burden from Group A Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis in Hyperendemic Countries of the African Meningitis Belt." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures, 1313–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_75.
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da Silva, Rafael Eich, Valney Mara Gomes Conde, Marcos José da Silva Baia, Cláudio Guedes Salgado, and Guilherme Augusto Barros Conde. "Modeling a Vulnerability Index for Leprosy Using Spatial Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Techniques in a Hyperendemic Municipality in the Amazon." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 802–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29513-4_60.
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Piot, Peter, and Laurence Garey. "Hyperendemic HIV in Southern Africa." In AIDS Between Science and Politics, 28–45. Columbia University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231166263.003.0003.
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"2. HYPERENDEMIC HIV IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: THE HERITAGE OF APARTHEID." In AIDS Between Science and Politics. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/piot16626-004.
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Wills, Bridget, and Yee-Sin Leo. "Dengue." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 845–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0090.
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Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection to affect humans. It is an RNA virus in the Flavivirus genus, family Flaviviridae. There are four closely related but serologically distinct viral serotypes, all of which may cause disease. Following infection with one serotype there is lifelong immunity to that serotype but the possibility of more severe disease during a subsequent infection with a different serotype. The primary mosquito vector is Aedes aegypti. Recent estimates suggest around 100 million symptomatic, and many more asymptomatic, infections occur annually worldwide. The disease is hyperendemic in many large Asian cities, and is also a significant problem in the Pacific region and in the Americas.
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Garruto, Ralph M. "Lessons from the study of natural experiments of hyperendemic foci of neurodegeneration." In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the Frontotemporal Dementias, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199590674.003.0001.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Hosseini-Vasoukolaei, Nasibeh. "Differential expression of salivary genes ofPhlebotomus papatasiin a ZCL hyperendemic area of Iran." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110546.
Full textReports on the topic "Hyperendemic"
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Ayaga, Ayaga, and Fred Binka. How many years of life could be saved if malaria were eliminated from a hyperendemic area of northern Ghana? Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1016.
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