Journal articles: 'Hyperlipidemia – Epidemiology'

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Cote, David J., Bernard A. Rosner, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Kathleen M. Egan, and Meir J. Stampfer. "Statin use, hyperlipidemia, and risk of glioma." European Journal of Epidemiology 34, no. 11 (2019): 997–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00565-8.

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Gotto, A. M., and C. M. Ballantyne. "Dietary Treatment of Hyperlipidemia." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 1, no. 4 (1994): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174182679400100401.

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Wang, Dongming, Jianghao Chen, Yun Zhou, et al. "Association between sleep duration, sleep quality and hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and older Chinese: The Dongfeng–Tongji Cohort Study." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 26, no. 12 (2019): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487319843068.

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Aims This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and older Chinese. Methods We included 20,712 individuals at baseline from September 2008 to June 2010, and they were followed-up until October 2013. Hyperlipidemia was defined according to the Chinese guidelines on the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults. Sleep duration was self-reported and sleep quality was evaluated with a questionnaire that was designed according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to explore the associations. Results In the cross-sectional analyses, longer sleep duration (≥10 h) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.35) after adjusting for potential confounders. The ORs of hyperlipidemia were significantly elevated among participants with impaired sleep quality (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08–1.22) and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.08–1.34) when compared to those with good sleep quality. In the longitudinal analyses, compared to participants with a sleep duration of 7–<8 h, those with a sleep duration of 9–<10 h (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04–1.35) and ≥10 h (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.58) showed significantly higher risk of hyperlipidemia after adjusting for potential confounders. However, no statistically significant association was found between impaired or poor sleep quality and hyperlipidemia. Conclusions Longer sleep duration was significantly associated with higher risk of hyperlipidemia. Impaired or poor sleep quality were associated with elevated prevalence of hyperlipidemia, but not with the incidence of hyperlipidemia.

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Spracklen, Cassandra N., Caitlin J. Smith, Audrey F. Saftlas, Jennifer G. Robinson, and Kelli K. Ryckman. "Maternal Hyperlipidemia and the Risk of Preeclampsia: a Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Epidemiology 180, no. 4 (2014): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu145.

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Rabeya, Rokshana, Mohammad Hayatun Nabi, Ariful Bari Chowdhury, Sanjana Zaman, Mohammad Niaz Morshed Khan, and Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader. "Epidemiology of Dyslipidemia Among Adult Population of Bangladesh." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 26, no. 2 (2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0011.

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Abstract Background and aims: evatedEl level serum of lipids stimulate atherosclerosis, which is the risk factor for stroke, peripheral vascular taeohrrratrrocvtra disease. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern and associated factors of dyslipidemia among Bangladeshi adult population. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of four Medical College Hospitals, Bangladesh. 200 adults aged 20 to 65 years diagnosed case of dyslipidemia were randomly selected. Fasting CHO, HDL, LDL and TG were measured. According to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), dyslipidemia was classified into (a) Hyper-lipidemia: TC>200 mg/dl, TG>150 mg/dl, (b) Hyper cholesterolemia: TC>200 mg/dl, (c) Hyper-triglyceridemia: TG>150 mg/dl, and (d) Atherogenic-dyslipidemia: TG>150 mg/dl, LDLC>165 mg/dl. Results: Study found 46% hyperlipidemia, 37% atherogenic dyslipidemia, 13.5% hypercholesterolemia and only 3.5% hypertriglyceridemia. BMI, FBS and HDL-C were significantly higher among female compare to male (p=<0.01, <0.01 and 0.04 respectively). TC and TG were significantly higher among higher calorie intake group in compare to normal intake group (p=0.04). Conclusions: Results of this study concluded that hyperlipidemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia are common and female dyslipidemic patients are susceptible to develop higher BMI, FBS, and HDL-C.

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Albright, Karen C., Amelia K. Boehme, Rikki M. Tanner, et al. "Addressing Stroke Risk Factors in Black and White Americans: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 1 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.1.9.

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Objectives: Recurrent stroke affects 5%-15% of stroke survivors, is higher among Blacks, and preventable with secondary stroke prevention medications. Our study aimed to examine racial differences in risk factors being addressed (defined as either on active treatment or within guideline levels) among stroke survivors and those at risk for stroke.Methods: A cross-sectional study using NHANES 2009-2010 standardized interviews of Whites and Blacks aged ≥18 years. Risk factors were defined as being addressed if: 1) for hypertension, SBP <140, DBP <90 (SBP<130, DBP<80 for diabetics) or using BP-lowering medications; 2) for current smoking, using cessation medications; and 3) for hyperlipidemia, LDL<100 (LDL<70 for stroke survivors) or using lipid-lowering medications. Participants were stratified by stroke history. Prevalence of addressed risk factors was compared by race.Results: Among 4005 participants (mean age 48, 52% women, 15% Black), 4% reported a history of stroke. Among stroke survivors, there were no statistically significant differences in Blacks and Whites having their hypertension or hyperlipidemia addressed. Among stroke naïve participants, the prevalence of addressed hypertension (P<.01) and hyperlipidemia (P<.01) was lower in Blacks compared with Whites. Conclusions: We found that addressed hypertension and hyperlipidemia in stroke naïve participants were significantly lower in Blacks than Whites. Our observations call attention to areas that require further investigation, such as why black Americans may not be receiving evidence-based pharmacologic therapy for hypertension and hyperlipidemia or why Black Americans are not at goal blood pressure or goal LDL. A better understanding of this information is critical to preventing stroke and other vascular diseases. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):9-16; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.9

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Wallace, Robert B., and Patricia L. Colsher. "Blood lipid distributions in older persons prevalence and correlates of hyperlipidemia." Annals of Epidemiology 2, no. 1-2 (1992): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(92)90032-l.

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Crouse, John R., Jacqueline E. Ryu, and Frederic R. Kahl. "Changes in Pharmacologic Treatment of Hyperlipidemia." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 5, no. 2 (1989): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31110-3.

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Jalali, Farzad Seyyed, K. Hajian, and M. R. Niaki. "P-276 Can Linseed Correct Hyperlipidemia?" CVD Prevention and Control 4 (May 2009): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-4570(09)60468-x.

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Papadimitriou, L., J. Skoumas, C. Pitsavos, et al. "Abstract: P361 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN A GREEK POPULATION: 10 YEAR FOLLOW UP." Atherosclerosis Supplements 10, no. 2 (2009): e671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70656-7.

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Antonio V. Gaddi, Arrigo F.G. Cicero, Fred O. Odoo, Andrea Poli, and Rodolfo Paoletti. "Practical Recommendations for Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Diagnosis and Management: An Update." Vascular Disease Prevention 4, no. 1 (2008): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567270000704010028.

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Abuelezam, Nadia N., Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, Sandro Galea, and Nancy P. Gordon. "Health Risks and Chronic Health Conditions among Arab American and White Adults in Northern California." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 2 (2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.2.235.

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Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular conditions and risk factors among Arab American adults stratified by sex and compare these with non-Hispanic Whites.Design: Cross-sectional study using electronic health record data from visits between January 2015 and December 2016. Age-adjusted prevalence estimates were calculated for men and women and compared using generalized linear models.Setting: Kaiser Permanente health plan in Northern California.Participants: Non-Hispanic White (N=969,566) and Arab American (N=18,072) adult members.Main Outcome Measures: Sex-stratified prevalence and prevalence ratios of diabetes, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia diagnosed by December 2016 and of obesity, ever smoking, and current smoking status.Results: Arab American men had a significantly higher prevalence of ever smoking (41.8 vs 40.8%), diabetes (17.3 vs 12.5%), and hyperlipidemia (40.8 vs 34.7%) than White men, but a significantly lower prevalence of obesity (34.4 vs 37.8%) and hypertension (30.5 vs 33.3%). Arab American women had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (11.1 vs 8.7%) and hyperlipidemia (31.5 vs 28.3%) than White women but significantly lower prevalence of obesity (31.0 vs 34.2%), ever smoking (24.8 vs 34.5%), and hypertension (25.8 vs 28.4%).Conclusions: Hospital and health systems should intentionally collect data on Middle Eastern and North African ethnicity in electronic health records to identify and reduce the disparities this minority group faces.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):235-242; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.235

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Tanislav, Christian, Peter Kropp, Ulrike Grittner, et al. "Clinically Relevant Depressive Symptoms in Young Stroke Patients - Results of the sifap1 Study." Neuroepidemiology 44, no. 1 (2015): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371389.

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Background: Although post-stroke depression is widely recognized, less is known about depressive symptoms in the acute stage of stroke and especially in young stroke patients. We thus investigated depressive symptoms and their determinants in such a cohort. Methods: The Stroke in Young Fabry Patients study (sifap1) prospectively recruited a large multinational European cohort (n = 5,023) of patients with a cerebrovascular event aged 18-55. For assessing clinically relevant depressive symptoms (CRDS, defined by a BDI-score ≥18) the self-reporting Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was obtained on inclusion in the study. Associations with baseline parameters, stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS), and brain MRI findings were analyzed. Results: From the 2007 patients with BDI documentation, 202 (10.1%) had CRDS. CRDS were observed more frequently in women (12.6 vs. 8.2% in men, p < 0.001). Patients with CRDS more often had arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia than patients without CRDS (hypertension: 58.0 vs. 47.1%, p = 0.017; diabetes mellitus: 17.9 vs. 8.9%, p < 0.001; hyperlipidemia: 40.5 vs. 32.3%, p = 0.012). In the subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke or TIA (n = 1,832) no significant associations between CRDS and cerebral MRI findings such as the presence of acute infarcts (68.1 vs. 65.8%, p = 0.666), old infarctions (63.4 vs. 62.1%, p = 0.725) or white matter hyper-intensities (51.6 vs. 53.7%, p = 0.520) were found. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were present in 10.1% of young stroke patients in the acute phase, and were related to risk factors but not to imaging findings.

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Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh, Elizabeth Jones, Ra K. Han, et al. "Association between physical activity, adiposity, and lipid abnormalities in children with familial hyperlipidemia." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14, no. 1 (2007): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000230101.48030.f4.

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Chawla, Varun, Tom Greene, Gerald J. Beck, et al. "Hyperlipidemia and Long-Term Outcomes in Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 9 (2010): 1582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01450210.

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Jarvik, Gail Pairitz, Terri H. Beaty, Paul R. Gallagher, Paul M. Coates, and Jean A. Cortner. "Genotype at a major locus with large effects on apolipoprotein B levels predicts familial combined hyperlipidemia." Genetic Epidemiology 10, no. 4 (1993): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.1370100406.

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Noruzbaeva, AM, AS Kerimkulova, and EM Mirrahimov. "The effects of 12-month lovastatin therapy on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with hyperlipidemia." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (2006): S6—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00024.

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Bellwon, J., K. Chlebus, D. Zielinska, W. Sobiczewski, M. Gruchala, and A. Rynkiewicz. "Changes in prevalence of hyperlipidemia in GDANSK port workers during 7 years follow-up." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (2006): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00088.

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Bairaktari, Eleni T., Christos S. Tzallas, Vassilios K. Tsimihodimos, Evangelos N. Liberopoulos, George A. Miltiadous, and Moses S. Elisaf. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Atorvastatin and Micronized Fenofibrate in the Treatment of Mixed Hyperlipidemia." European Journal of Cardiovascular Risk 6, no. 2 (1999): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204748739900600208.

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Xie, Shuangfeng, Songmei Yin, Danian Nie, et al. "Hyperlipidemia Could Activate Platelet and Induce the Production of Plasma Inflammatory Factors in Rabbits, Which Lead to Atherosclerosis." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5369.5369.

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Abstract Background: It had been proved by epidemiology and clinical trials that hypercholesterolemia (HC) and atherosclerosis (AS) had close relations. Lipid could take part in many pathological processes of the AS. Platelets played an important role in this process as an inflammatory mediator. We Chose Platelet aggregation maximum (PAG(M)) and plasma P-selectin as the index of platelet activation, try to explore the transfer of platelet activation and lymphocyte inflammatory reaction in atherosclerosis. Design: We set up the rabbit hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis model through 12 weeks’ hyper lipid feeding. PAG(M), concentrations of plasma P-selectin, Interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and mRNA expression of these factors in the lymphocyte were measured at 0 week, 6th week and 12th week time point. Results: At the 6th week time point of the hyper lipid feeding, the rabbit had elevated PAG(M) (68.12%±4.73% vs. 62.67%±3.13%; P=0.002, n=20). The PAG(M) was maintained in the high level at 12th week time point (68.83%±3.35% vs. 62.67%±3.13%; P=0.001, n=20). At the 6th week time point of the hyper lipid feeding, the rabbit had elevated plasma P-selectin, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (6th week vs. 0 week, n=20, P-selectin P=0.005, IL-6 P=0.000, IL-1β P=0.001, TNF-α P=0.001). The expressions of IL-6/mRNA, IL-1β/mRNA and TNF-α/mRNA in lymphocytes were elevated too (6th week vs. 0 week, n=20, IL-6/mRNA P=0.000, IL-1β/mRNA P=0.002, TNF-α/mRNA P=0.000). At the 12th week time point, all of the parameters were maintained in the high level, while there had no significant difference between 12th week time point and 6th week time point. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia could activate platelet. Increased PAG(M) and plasma P-selectin represented the platelet activation. Hyperlipidemia could induce the production of plasma IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The increased plasma IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were partly from the lymphocyte secretion because The IL-1β/mRNA, IL-6/mRNA and TNF-α/mRNA expression of lymphocyte elevated. So in rabbit hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis model, platelet activation and inflammatory factors increasing was the main mechanism, while the lymphocyte took part in the inflammatory process.

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Austin, Melissa A., Ellen Wijsman, Sunwei Guo, et al. "Lack of evidence for linkage between low-density lipoprotein subclass phenotypes and the apolipoprotein B locus in familial combined hyperlipidemia." Genetic Epidemiology 8, no. 5 (1991): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.1370080502.

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Poh, Kian-Keong, Baishali Ambegaonkar, Carl A. Baxter, et al. "Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target attainment in patients with stable or acute coronary heart disease in the Asia-Pacific region: results from the Dyslipidemia International Study II." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, no. 18 (2018): 1950–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487318798927.

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Background As mortality due to cardiovascular disease increases throughout the world, accurate data on risk factors such as hyperlipidemia are required. This is lacking in the Asia-Pacific region. Design The observational Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) II was established to quantify the extent of hyperlipidemia in adults with acute and stable coronary heart disease globally. Methods Patients with stable coronary heart disease or hospitalised with an acute coronary syndrome were enrolled across nine Asia-Pacific countries from July 2013 to October 2014. Lipid-lowering therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target attainment (<70 mg/dL) were assessed. The acute coronary syndrome cohort was followed up 4 months post-discharge. Results Of the 4592 patients enrolled, 2794 had stable coronary heart disease and 1798 were admitted with an acute coronary syndrome. In the coronary heart disease cohort, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was 86.9 mg/dL, with 91.7% using lipid-lowering therapy and 31% achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of less than 70 mg/dL. In the acute coronary syndrome cohort at admission, the corresponding values were 103.2 mg/dL, 63.4% and 23.0%, respectively. Target attainment was significantly higher in lipid-lowering therapy-treated than non-treated patients in each cohort (32.6% vs. 12.9% and 31.1% vs. 9.0%, respectively). Mean atorvastatin-equivalent dosages were low (20 ± 15 and 22 ± 18 mg/day, respectively), with little use of non-statin adjuvants (13.0% and 6.8%, respectively). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target attainment had improved by follow-up for the acute coronary syndrome patients, but remained low (41.7%). Conclusions Many patients in Asia at very high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level above the recommended target. Although lipid-lowering therapy was common, it was not used to its full potential.

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Mathew, Christopher, Anastasia Yunirakasiwi, and Srinivasan Sanjay. "Updates in the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema." Journal of Diabetes Research 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794036.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which has multiple effects on different end-organs, including the retina. In this paper, we discuss updates on diabetic macular edema (DME) and the management options. The underlying pathology of DME is the leakage of exudates from retinal microaneurysms, which trigger subsequent inflammatory reactions. Both clinical and imaging techniques are useful in diagnosing, classifying, and gauging the severity of DME. We performed a comprehensive literature search using the keywords “diabetes,” “macula edema,” “epidemiology,” “pathogenesis,” “optical coherence tomography,” “intravitreal injections,” “systemic treatment,” “hypertension,” “hyperlipidemia,” “anemia,” and “renal disease” and collated a total of 47 relevant articles published in English language. The main modalities of treatment currently in use comprise laser photocoagulation, intravitreal pharmacological and selected systemic pharmacological options. In addition, we mention some novel therapies that show promise in treating DME. We also review systemic factors associated with exacerbation or improvement in DME.

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Makedou, K., G. Papageorgiou, A. Makedou, et al. "Association of ceruloplasmin serum levels with LDL oxidation in progeny of families with history of cardiovascular diseases or hyperlipidemia." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (2006): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00207.

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Risacher, Shannon L., Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, et al. "P2-132: Association of cerebral microhemorrhages with amyloid deposition and hyperlipidemia." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_11 (2015): P534—P535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.670.

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Feske, Steven, and Christina Sells. "Stroke in Pregnancy." Seminars in Neurology 37, no. 06 (2017): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608940.

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AbstractPregnancy and the postpartum period confer an increased risk of stroke. The risk appears to be increased for all strokes during the puerperium and for hemorrhagic strokes during pregnancy. During pregnancy, physiologic systems are under increased stress to accommodate the growing fetus, which results in substantial hemodynamic, cardiovascular, hematologic, immunologic, and structural connective tissue changes that account for much of this increased risk. In addition, preeclampsia–eclampsia has major effects on the vascular system, and this disorder, unique to pregnancy, is another major contributor to this risk. The common independent vascular risk factors for stroke, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, may also be present to contribute to the risks conferred by pregnancy. Though uncommon, stroke during pregnancy and in the postpartum period causes substantial morbidity and mortality in affected women, and it poses a significant risk to the fetus. This review will discuss the epidemiology of pregnancy-associated stroke, specific risk factors and mechanisms, clinical presentation and management, and future directions.

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Zhang, Mingzhi, Buren Batu, Weijun Tong, Yongyue Liu, Yanbin Liu, and Yonghong Zhang. "Clustering of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, alcohol drinking, overweight and central obesity and hypertension in Mongolian people, China." CVD Prevention and Control 4, no. 3 (2009): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvdpc.2009.06.001.

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Risacher, Shannon L., Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, et al. "IC-P-037: Association of cerebral microhemorrhages with amyloid deposition and hyperlipidemia." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_1 (2015): P33—P34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.057.

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Byun, Soo Hwan, Sunki Lee, Sung Hun Kang, Hyo Geun Choi, and Seok Jin Hong. "Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Association between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145237.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reviewing and discussing the role of the oral microbiome in periodontitis and CVD. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2004 to 2016. We selected 9973 patients with periodontitis and 125,304 controls (non-periodontitis) from 173,209 participants and analyzed their medical histories to determine the relationship between cerebral stroke/ischemic heart disease and periodontitis. The participants were questioned about any previous history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic), ischemic heart disease (angina or myocardial infarction), and periodontitis. Their body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol intake, nutritional intake, and income were recorded. The Chi-square test, independent t-test, and two-tailed analyses were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted OR (aOR) of periodontitis for stroke was 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–1.57, p < 0.001). The aOR of periodontitis for ischemic heart disease was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.22–1.48, p < 0.001). We concluded that periodontitis was associated with CVD and may be a risk factor for CVD. However, further studies are required to determine the association between periodontal treatment and CVD.

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Ruixing, Yin, Chen Yuming, Pan Shangling, et al. "Effects of demographic, dietary and other lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, no. 6 (2006): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000239476.79428.25.

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Mohd Affandi, Azura, Iman Khan, and Nooraishah Ngah Saaya. "Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Adult Patients with Psoriasis in Malaysia: 10-Year Review from the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry (2007–2016)." Dermatology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4371471.

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Background.Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the general population.Aim.To evaluate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis who seek treatment in outpatient dermatology clinics throughout hospitals in Malaysia.Materials and Methods.Data were obtained from the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry (MPR). All patients (aged 18 and above) who were notified to the registry from July 2017 to December 2017 were included in this study.Results.Among 15,794 patients, Malays were the most common (50.4%), followed by Chinese (21.4%), Indian (17.6%), and others (10.6%). The mean age onset of psoriasis for our study population was 35.14 ± 16.16 years. Male to female ratio was 1.3 : 1. 23.1% of patients had positive family history of psoriasis. The most common clinical presentation was chronic plaque psoriasis (85.1%), followed by guttate psoriasis (2.9%), erythrodermic psoriasis (1.7%), and pustular psoriasis (1.0%). Majority of our patients (76.6%) had a mild disease with BSA < 10%. 57.1% of patients had nail involvement, while arthropathy was seen in 13.7% of patients. Common triggers of the disease include stress (48.3%), sunlight (24.9%), and infection (9.1%). Comorbidities observed include obesity (24.3%), hypertension (25.6%), hyperlipidemia (18%), diabetes mellitus (17.2%), ischaemic heart disease (5.4%), and cerebrovascular disease (1.6%). The mean DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) was 8.5 ± 6.6. One-third (33.1%) of the patients had a DLQI score of more than 10, while 14.2% of patients reported no effect at all.Conclusion.Our study on the epidemiological data of adult patients with psoriasis in Malaysia showed a similar clinical profile and outcome when compared to international published studies on the epidemiology of psoriasis.

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Tsai, Chung-Fen, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Niall Anderson, and Cathie L. M. Sudlow. "Comparisons of Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage versus Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients." Neuroepidemiology 48, no. 1-2 (2017): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475667.

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Background: Chinese populations have a higher stroke incidence, a higher proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and a lower proportion of ischemic stroke (IS) as compared with white populations. The reasons are not fully understood. Methods: To evaluate the differences of major risk factors between ICH and IS in Chinese stroke patients, we analysed acute ICH and IS patients consecutively recruited in National Taiwan University Hospital Stroke Registry from 2006 to 2011. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the associations of risk factors with ICH vs. IS. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses when a strongly significant interaction was detected. Results: We included a total of 1,373 ICH and 4,953 IS patients. ICH patients were younger than IS patients (mean age 61 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in gender (males 62 vs. 59%, p = 0.064). A logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and other major risk factors showed that both hypertension (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.74-2.87) and alcohol intake (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.77) had significantly stronger associations with ICH than IS, whereas diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and transient ischemic attack were less associated with ICH than IS. In subgroup analyses, the association of hypertension with ICH vs. IS was more marked in younger patients. Conclusion: Hypertension and alcohol intake are more strongly associated with ICH than IS in Chinese stroke patients, especially in younger patients.

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Hamano, Tadanori, Kouji Hayashi, Asako Ueno, et al. "[P1-081]: EFFECTIVENESS OF PITAVASTATIN IN PATIENTS WITH MILD ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7S_Part_5 (2017): P269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.148.

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Byun, Soo Hwan, Chanyang Min, Seok Jin Hong, Hyo Geun Choi, and Dong Hee Koh. "Analysis of the Relation between Periodontitis and Chronic Gastritis/Peptic Ulcer: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HEXA Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124387.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer using a cross-sectional study design. The present prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) recorded from 2004 to 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9983 with periodontitis and 125,336 with no periodontitis were selected. Histories of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer between periodontitis and no periodontitis participants were analyzed. The participants were questioned around any history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral stroke, ischemic heart disease, periodontitis, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional intake, and financial income. Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, two-tailed analyses were used in statistical analysis of the data. The adjusted odds ratio of chronic gastritis was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10–2.34, p < 0.001) and that of peptic ulcer was 1.86 (95% CI = 1.74–1.98, p < 0.001) in model 2. This study demonstrated that periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer. These findings provide additional evidence for an association between periodontitis and chronic gastritis/peptic ulcer.

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Reinhardt, Samuel W., Adefolakemi Babatunde, Eric Novak, and David L. Brown. "Effect of Race on Outcomes Following Early Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography or Standard Emergency Department Evaluation for Acute Chest Pain." Ethnicity & Disease 28, no. 4 (2018): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.4.517.

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Objective: To examine racial differences in outcomes with coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) vs standard emergency department (ED) evaluation for chest pain.Design: Retrospective analysis of the prospective, randomized, multicenter Rule Out Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction by Computer Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT-II) trial.Setting: ED at nine hospitals in the United States.Participants: 940 patients who were Caucasian or African American (AA) presenting to the ED with chest pain.Interventions: CCTA or standard ED evaluationMain Outcome Measures: Length of stay, hospital admission, direct ED discharge, downstream testing and repeat ED visit or hospitalization for recurrent chest pain at 28 days. Safety end points: missed acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cumulative radiation exposure during the index visit and follow-up period.Results: 659 (66%) patients self-identified as Caucasian and 281 (28%) self-identified as AA. AA were younger and more often female compared with Caucasians, had a higher prevalence of hypertension (64% vs 49%, P<.001) and diabetes (23% vs 14%, P<.001) and a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia (28% vs 51%, P<.001). ACS was more frequent among Caucasians (10% vs 2%, P<.001). Randomization to CCTA resulted in a reduction in median LOS for Caucasians (7.4 vs 24.7 hours, P<.001) and AA (8.9 vs. 26.3, P<.001; P-interaction=.88). Both AA and Caucasian patients experienced greater radiation exposure and more downstream testing with CCTA compared with standard evaluation.Conclusions: Early CCTA reduced median LOS for both AA and Caucasian patients presenting to the ED with chest pain by approximately 17 hours compared with standard evaluation.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):517- 524; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.517.

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Carty, Cara L., Carolyn Noonan, Clemma Muller, et al. "Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Diagnoses in American Indians." Ethnicity & Disease 30, no. 4 (2020): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.4.671.

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The burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) has increased substantially in the United States, particularly in health disparity populations. Little is known about the epidemiology of ADRD in American Indian (AI) adults, although they have a high prevalence of ADRD risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Using electronic health records from a large health care organization during 2016-18, we describe characteristics of AI patients aged ≥55 years with and without an ADRD diagnosis, assess ADRD risk factors and contrast findings with results from age- and sex-matched non- Hispanic White (NHW) patients. To identify factors associated with ADRD diagnoses, we estimated population-averaged prevalence rate ratios to approximate relative risk (RR) using generalized estimating equations models adjusted for age, sex, and marital and rural residency status. The age-adjusted prevalence of ADRD diagnosis was 6.6% of AI patients, compared with 4.4% in NHW patients. Patient age and diagnosis of hypertension, depression, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes were significantly associated with higher risk of ADRD diagnosis in AIs (RR range: 1.1-2.8) whereas female sex or being married/having a partner were associated with lower risk of ADRD diagnosis (each RR=.7). ADRD risk factors were generally similar between AI and NHW patients, except for sex and marital status. However, the adjusted risk of ADRD was approximately 49% higher in AI patients. To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine ADRD diagnoses and comorbidities in AIs across a large geographical region in southwest United States. Future efforts to confirm our findings in diverse AI communities are warranted. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):671-680; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.671

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Ockene, Ira S., James R. Hebert, Judith K. Ockene, Philip A. Merriam, Thomas G. Hurley, and Gordon M. Saperia. "Effect of Training and a Structured Office Practice on Physician-delivered Nutrition Counseling: The Worcester-Area Trial for Counseling in Hyperlipidemia (WATCH)." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 12, no. 4 (1996): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30321-0.

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Chou, Chih-Ho, I.-Jung Feng, Yi-Chen Chen, et al. "Risk of Dementia in Diabetic Patients with Hyperglycemic Crisis: A Nationwide Taiwanese Population-Based Cohort Study." Neuroepidemiology 54, no. 5 (2020): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509754.

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Background: A hyperglycemic crisis episode (HCE) signifies poor control of diabetes and may increase the risk of dementia via microvascular and macrovascular injuries. Objectives: We conducted this study to clarify this issue, which remains unclear. Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we identified 9,466 diabetic patients with HCE and the identical number of diabetic patients without HCE who were matched by age and sex for this nationwide population-based cohort study. The risk of dementia was compared between the 2 cohorts by following up until 2014. Investigation of independent predictors of dementia was also done. Results: In the overall analysis, the risk of dementia between the 2 cohorts was not different. However, stratified analyses showed that patients with HCE had a higher risk of subsequent dementia in the age subgroup of 45−54 and 55–64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–3.6, and AOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5, respectively). In the overall analysis, older age, female sex, ≥3 HCEs, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, depression, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, and head injury were independent predictors. Conclusions: HCE increased the risk of dementia in diabetic patients aged 45–64 years. Dementia was predicted by ≥3 HCEs. Prevention of recurrent HCE, control of comorbidities, and close follow-up of cognitive decline and dementia are suggested in patients with HCE.

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Marrie, Ruth Ann, Nadia Reider, Jeffrey Cohen, et al. "A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 3 (2014): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514564485.

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Background: Findings regarding the prevalence of vascular comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS) are conflicting. Objective: The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of vascular comorbidities and predisposing comorbidities in persons with MS and to assess the quality of the included studies. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized data collection form, while the second reviewer verified the abstraction. Included studies were assessed qualitatively. Quantitatively, we assessed studies using the I2 statistic, and conducted meta-analyses for population-based studies only. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia exceeded 10% in the MS population and increased with age. While the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke were less than 5% overall, the prevalence of these conditions exceeded expectations when compared to the general population. Cardiac valvular disease, however, affected the MS population less often than expected. Problems with study quality were common. Conclusion: Despite the relatively high prevalence of some vascular comorbidities in the MS population, important gaps exist in our understanding of their epidemiology. Most of our knowledge is based on studies conducted in a small number of regions.

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Yang, Shao-Chi, Yi-Lwun Ho, Kuo-Liong Chien, and Ming-Fong Chen. "P-228 The Estimated Risk for Coronary Heart Disease and Prevalence of Hyperlipidemia Among Workers of Information Technology Industries in Taiwan." CVD Prevention and Control 4 (May 2009): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-4570(09)60420-4.

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Marrie, RA, JD Fisk, KJ Stadnyk, et al. "Performance of administrative case definitions for comorbidity in multiple sclerosis in Manitoba and Nova Scotia." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, no. 2/3 (2014): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.2/3.09.

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Introduction As the population ages and the prevalence of comorbid conditions increases, the need for feasible, validated methods of comorbidity surveillance in chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) increases. Methods Using kappa (k) statistics, we evaluated the performance of administrative case definitions for comorbidities commonly observed in MS by comparing agreement between Manitoba (MB) administrative data and self-report (n = 606) and Nova Scotia (NS) administrative data and self-report (n = 1923). Results Agreement between the administrative definitions and self-report was substantial for hypertension (k = 0.69 [NS], 0.76 [MB]) and diabetes (k = 0.70 [NS], 0.66 [MB]); moderate for hyperlipidemia (k = 0.53 [NS], 0.51 [MB]) and heart disease (k = 0.42 [NS], 0.51 [MB]) and fair for anxiety (k = 0.27 [NS], 0.26 [MB]). In NS, agreement was substantial for inflammatory bowel disease (k = 0.71) and moderate for epilepsy (k = 0.48). Conclusion Administrative definitions for commonly observed comorbidities in MS performed well in 2 distinct jurisdictions. This suggests that they could be used more broadly across Canada and in national studies.

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Tarar, Zahid Ijaz, Muhammad Usman Zafar, Ghulam Ghous, Umer Farooq, and Hafiz Muhammad Hassan Shoukat. "Pravastatin-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 232470962110283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211028386.

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreas associated most commonly with chronic alcoholism and gallstones. Other less common causes of pancreatitis are hyperlipidemia, infections, surgery, trauma, post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and drugs. Drugs are now increasingly recognized as a cause of pancreatitis, and high suspicion and exclusion of other most common causes is required before considering drug-induced pancreatitis. There are few case reports of acute pancreatitis in the literature after statin use, but out of these, only 3 are after starting pravastatin. We are reporting a case of 49-year-old male who presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. His laboratory findings were significant for lipase more than 10 000 on admission, and computed tomography scan of abdomen was showing peripancreatic fat stranding and inflammation. After exclusion of most common causes of pancreatitis, pravastatin was found probable culprit for his symptoms, which he started taking 2 weeks ago. We also reviewed the literature on statins-induced acute pancreatitis. With increased uses of statins, physician need to be vigilant to suspect statins as a culprit in cases of pancreatitis with unknown etiology. Prompt discontinuation of statins is required in these cases.

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Movsisyan, Narine K., Manlio Vinciguerra, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, et al. "Kardiovize Brno 2030, a prospective cardiovascular health study in Central Europe: Methods, baseline findings and future directions." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, no. 1 (2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487317726623.

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Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in Eastern and Central Europe, where the incidence is the highest in the world. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study was designed as a prospective cohort study to investigate the complex relationships of cardiovascular disease and outcomes with a range of biological, psychosocial, environmental, behavioral, and economic factors in an urban population of the Czech Republic. Methods We randomly selected a 1% sample of the city of Brno residents aged 25–64 years stratified by sex and age. The study assessed traditional and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors, including sociodemographic and smoking status, physical activity, diet, depression, stress, body fat, cardio-ankle vascular index, and intima media thickness, complemented by blood tests; biological samples were stored for future analyses. Results The study enrolled 2160 participants (54.8% women), with a mean age of 47 ± 11.3 years. They were mostly full-time employed (75.6%) and married (62.1%). Hyperlipidemia was highly prevalent (70.7% in men, and 67.1% in women, NS). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in men than in women (54.3% vs. 38.7% and 7.1% vs. 3.5%, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). A total of 25.3% of men and 21.9% of women smoked, whereas 20.0% and 43.0% of men and 18.1% and 26.6% of women were obese and overweight, respectively. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in the city of Brno, an urban population from Central Europe. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study will provide unique multidimensional and longitudinal cardiovascular health data from a region where epidemiological studies are scarce.

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Pajak, Andrzej, Grazyna Broda, James R. Abernathy, et al. "Poland-US collaborative study on cardiovascular epidemiology: classification agreement between US National Cholesterol Education Program and European Atherosclerosis Society hyperlipidemia guidelines in selected Polish and US populations." Atherosclerosis 95, no. 1 (1992): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(92)90174-f.

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Spoozak, Lori Ann, Eugenia Girda, Anne Van Arsdale, Mark H. Einstein, Gary L. Goldberg, and Nicole Nevadunsky. "Statin use in uterine malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 5592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5592.

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5592 Background: Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, are commonly used to manage hyperlipidemia. Epidemiologic studies have recently linked statins to improved cancer survival. Molecular pathways that explain this effect are not well defined, but may involve cell death and angiogenesis. Our aim was to determine the association between statin use and overall survival in a cohort of women with uterine malignancies. Methods: After IRB approval, a retrospective review of consecutive patients with uterine malignancies diagnosed between 01/2005 and 12/2009 at a single institution was performed. Age, race, diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, medication use including statins, beta-blockers, aspirin, pathology, and exposure to chemotherapy or radiation were abstracted from the time of initial diagnosis and treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate, and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression were performed to assess the association between statin use, aspirin use, and survival. Results: Of 554 patients identified, 333 (60%) were not hyperlipidemic (NH), 165 (30%) were hyperlipidemic on statins (HS), and 56 (10%) were hyperlipidemic and not on statin therapy (HNS). The HS cohort was older, diabetic, hypertensive, used beta-blockers and aspirin. Stage, grade, and chemotherapy use were similar, but HS and HNS received more radiation (p<0.05). Both patients in the HS and HNS groups had improved overall survival compared to NH patients (p=0.04). Further stratifying our subgroups by aspirin use revealed that HS+aspirin users had significantly improved survival compared to other non-HS+aspirin users (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, women who used statins had a 45% decreased hazard of death compared to NH women (HR = 0.55, 95% CI; 0.35, 0.87). Additionally, aspirin users had improved survival compared to non-users (HR = 0.47, 95% CI; 0.29, 0.76). Women using statins and aspirin had an 84% decreased hazard of death in comparison to other groups (HR = 0.16, 95% CI; 0.07,0.38, p<0.01). Conclusions: Statin and aspirin use are associated with improved overall survival in patients with uterine malignancy. Prospective evaluation of statin and aspirin use in uterine cancer is warranted.

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Chen, Xiaojing, Erik Thunström, Per-Olof Hansson, et al. "High prevalence of cardiac dysfunction or overt heart failure in 71-year-old men: A 21-year follow-up of “The Study of men born in 1943”." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 27, no. 7 (2019): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487319871644.

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Background Knowledge about long-term risk factors and the prevalence of heart failure stages in general population is limited. We aimed to study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in 71-year-old men and potential risk factors in the past two decades. Design This research was based on a randomized selected population study with longitudinal follow-up. Methods A random sample of men born in 1943 in Gothenburg, Sweden were examined in 1993 (at 50 years of age) and re-examined 21 years later in 2014 (at 71 years of age). Cardiac dysfunction or heart failure was classified into four stages (A–D) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on heart failure. Results Of the 798 men examined in 1993 (overall cohort), 535 (67%) were re-examined in 2014 (echo cohort). In the echo cohort 122 (23%) men had normal cardiac function, 135 (25%) were at stage A, 207 (39%) men were at stage B, 66 (12%) men were at stage C, and five (1%) men were at stage D. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that elevated body mass index at 50 years old was the only independent risk factor for developing heart failure/cardiac dysfunction during the subsequent 21 years. For each unit (1 kg/m2) of increased body mass index, the odds ratio for stages C/D heart failure vs no heart failure/stage A increased by 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001), after adjustment for smoking, sedentary life style, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion In a random sample of men at 71 years of age, half presented with either cardiac dysfunction or clinical heart failure. High body mass index was associated with an increased risk for developing cardiac dysfunction or heart failure over a 21-year period.

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Maki, Pauline M., Pamela Perschler, Lorraine Dennerstein, et al. "[O1-01-02]: Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: Evidence from fMRI studies in midlife women." Alzheimer's & Dementia 1 (July 2005): S77—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2005.06.277.

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Eytan, Danielle F., Amanda L. Blackford, David W. Eisele, and Carole Fakhry. "Prevalence of Comorbidities among Older Head and Neck Cancer Survivors in the United States." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 160, no. 1 (2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818796163.

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at the time of their cancer diagnosis and during their survivorship trajectory. The second aim was to evaluate the differences in comorbidities developed according to treatment type received. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional. Setting SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)–Medicare linked database. Subjects and Methods Individuals with a first-incident primary diagnosis of HNSCC from 2004 to 2011 per the SEER-Medicare database were included in analysis. The presence or absence of 30 comorbid conditions of interest was identified during distinct periods and analyzed according to treatment with surgery alone, primary (chemo)radiation, or surgery with (chemo)radiation. Results The study population consisted of 10,524 individuals diagnosed with HNSCC, with a mean age of 74.8 years. At diagnosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes were the most prevalent comorbidities, and they increased over time. The probability of developing treatment-related comorbidities such as pneumonia, dysphagia, weight loss, malnutrition, and dental issues rose significantly in the short and long term following treatment ( P < .05). By 5 years from cancer diagnosis, patients were most likely to have newly diagnosed hypertension, dysphagia, anemia, and weight loss. Primary surgery alone was associated with a lower risk of diagnosis with these treatment-related comorbidities, as compared with treatments involving radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in the primary or adjuvant settings ( P < .05). Conclusions There is a large burden of comorbidities among patients following HNSCC treatment, which warrant clinical attention during surveillance.

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Green, Ilana E., Shareena A. Rahman, Debra L. Owens, et al. "Cervical Artery Dissection in Patients of African Ancestry." Cerebrovascular Diseases 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494704.

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Background and Purpose: The majority of published data in cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a common cause of stroke in young adults, derive from populations of European ancestry (EA), including a recent genome-wide study identifying an association with the rs9349379 polymorphism of the PHACTR1 gene. Little is known about CeAD in individuals of African ancestry (AA) despite robust epidemiological data showing increased risk of stroke at younger ages. We hypothesize that AA patients with CeAD have different epidemiology and clinical profiles compared to those of EA, and a different genetic architecture related to rs9349379 of the PHACTR1 gene. Methods: We searched a single-center database of CeAD to identify AA and EA patients. We compared differential prevalence of CeAD versus all young stroke between AA and EA patients. We characterized clinical profiles via electronic medical record review. Data include descriptive statistics reported as medians or percentages. We also obtained publicly available allele frequencies of rs9349379 in AA and EA populations. Results: AA patients comprise 7% of CeAD cases and 27% of young stroke cases while EA patients comprise 90% of CeAD cases and 70% of young stroke cases. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were 74, 30, and 50%, respectively, in AA patients compared to 37, 6, and 25% in EA patients. Allele frequencies for the CeAD risk allele, rs9349379(A), are higher in AA populations compared to EA populations. Conclusion: AA patients represent a smaller proportion of CeAD cases compared to young stroke cases at our center. AA patients suffering CeAD have higher prevalence of both vascular risk factors and frequency of the CeAD risk allele compared to EA patients. These findings suggest a complex interplay between traditional vascular risk factors and genetic predisposition underlying CeAD pathogenesis. Further prospective research is needed to clarify these associations and disparities.

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Szeto, Cheuk Ling Charing, and Kwok Fai Hui. "Residual Stroke Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants: An 8-Year Retrospective Cohort Study." Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra 11, no. 1 (2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513105.

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Background: Use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is common and significantly reduces stroke occurrence. Yet little is known about patients who have a stroke despite treatment. Objective: The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology of patients with stroke despite being treated with NOACs. Methods: We identified a cohort of patients with NVAF admitted to the United Christian Hospital for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) while on NOACs. The baseline characteristics, type of NOAC, compliance, duration of use, and dosage were reviewed. Results: Of 2,090 patients admitted for AIS/TIA from 2012 to 2019, 143 were on NOACs before the index episode. After excluding patients with non-compliance and incomplete data, 109 patients were included in the analysis; 65.1% were female and 79.8% were never smokers, with a mean age of 78 years. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 5; 83.5% had hypertension, 59.3% had hyperlipidemia, and 30.3% had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 52.9% presented with lacunar syndrome, suggesting an atherosclerotic cause of stroke. However, their risk factor control was unexpectedly good; none had HbA1c >7% and only 23.9% had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level higher than 2.6 mmol/L. Conclusions: Stroke developed in NVAF patients despite being on NOACs, with the majority being female, older, and hypertensive. Surprisingly, in general they had reasonable lipid and diabetic control.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyperlipidemia – Epidemiology'

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