Academic literature on the topic 'Hyperpituitarisme'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hyperpituitarisme"

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Summers, R. L., L. H. Woodward, D. Y. Sanders, and J. E. Hall. "Graphic analysis for the study of metabolic states." Advances in Physiology Education 270, no. 6 (1996): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1996.270.6.s81.

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Graphic analyses have been used in the study of physiology as a means to better understand dynamic processes and to visualize the mechanisms of their interactions. A graphic analysis of glucose homeostasis was constructed by considering the main factors that influence glucose dynamics. The analysis is achieved by equating curves representing both the inflow and outflow of glucose from the circulation as dependent upon the serum insulin concentration. The point where these two curves intersect is the steady-state balance for blood glucose exchange and is termed the equilibrium point. With the use of this graphic depiction of glucose homeostasis, it is now possible to study the influence of multiple factors on glucose dynamics. A variety of metabolic states can also be analyzed by reconstructing the effects of the pathophysiology on the form and shape of the curves. Some of the metabolic states that have been analyzed by this technique include starvation, exercise, obesity, type I and type II diabetes mellitus, stress, hypopituitarism, hyperpituitarism, and hyperthyroidism. Although the analyses do not reflect all of the controversial nuances of the field, they do provide a means for a general approach to the study of glucose homeostasis and serve as a methodology that can be extrapolated to many areas of physiological study.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hyperpituitarisme"

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Assié, Guillaume. "Tumeurs de la corticosurrénale : du transcriptome aux phénotypes de sécrétion et de malignité." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T054.

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La corticosurrénale, portion externe des glandes surrénales, est spécialisée dans la production d’hormones stéroïdes. Elle associe trois zones concentriques, distinctes histologiquement, chacune dédiée à la production d’un type d’hormone : la glomérulée produit des minéralocorticoïdes, la fasciculée des glucocorticoïdes, et la réticulée des androgènes. La production de ces hormones est régulée par des médiateurs extracellulaires : l’ACTH active la sécrétion du cortisol en augmentant l’AMP cyclique, et l’angiotensine II active la sécrétion d’aldostérone en augmentant le calcium intracellulaire. Les tumeurs de la corticosurrénale posent le double problème de l’hypersécrétion hormonale et de la prolifération cellulaire. Les mécanismes moléculaires de ces anomalies sont mal connus. L’initiation de certaines tumeurs bénignes semble liée à l’activation de la voie de l’AMPc. Concernant les tumeurs malignes, plusieurs mécanismes de progression ont été décrits : surexpression d’IGF2, en rapport avec une isodisomie paternelle, perte de l’expression de p53, et activation de la voie Wnt. Les tumeurs malignes posent également des problèmes diagnostiques dans leurs formes limites, et leur pronostic est difficile à prédire. Les transcriptomes des tumeurs peuvent être analysés et comparés par les puces à ADN et la technique SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression). L’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le transcriptome de différentes tumeurs de la corticosurrénale, afin d’identifier des marqueurs diagnostiques et pronostiques, et les mécanismes moléculaires de la sécrétion hormonale pathologique, de l’initiation et de la progression tumorale. Le premier travail décrit les anomalies moléculaires de l’hyperaldostéronisme primaire. Pour cela les transcriptomes de l’adénome de Conn et de sa zone glomérulée adjacente à la tumeur (éteinte par rétrocontrôle négatif) ont été comparés par SAGE, et validés par hybridation in situ. Seules les deux enzymes terminales de la stéroïdogenèse CYP21 et CYP11B2 sont surexprimées dans le Conn. Le régulateur aigu de la stéroïdogenèse StAR, n’est pas surexprimé. Le cholestérol, substrat de la stéroïdogenèse, semble provenir des lipoprotéines HDL. Enfin la signalisation calcique, régulateur aigu de la sécrétion d’aldostérone, semble également activée dans l’hyperaldostéronisme primaire. Le deuxième travail identifie, à partir des transcriptomes, des signatures moléculaires diagnostiques et pronostiques pour les tumeurs de la corticosurrénale. Le regroupement hiérarchique non supervisé des transcriptomes de 96 tumeurs unilatérales distingue nettement tumeurs bénignes et tumeurs malignes, et identifie au sein des tumeurs malignes, deux groupes de tumeurs de pronostic très différent. Des marqueurs de récidive et de décès, basés sur la soustraction de l’expression de deux gènes, DGL7-PINK1 et BUB1B-PINK1 respectivement, donnent des prédictions très performantes comparé0s aux prédicteurs actuels. Ces travaux ouvrent des perspectives physiopathologiques originales, qui seront approfondies au laboratoire. En parallèle, la translation directe des résultats au service du patient ouvre une nouvelle voie dans la médecine moléculaire personnalisée des pathologies corticosurrénaliennes, que nous souhaitons développer d’avantage<br>The adrenal cortex, outer portion of the adrenal glands, is specialized in the production of steroid hormones. It contains three concentric zones, histologically distinct, each dedicated to the production of a type of hormone : the glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the fasciculata glucocorticoids, androgens and reticulated. The production of this hormones is regulated by extracellular mediators : ACTH activates the cortisol secretion by increasing cyclic AMP and angiotensin II activates the aldosterone secretion by increasing intracellular calcium. Tumors of the adrenal cortex raise a dual problem of hormonal hypersecretion and cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms of these abnormalities are poorly understood. The initiation of some benign tumors appears to be related to the activation of the cAMP pathway. On malignant tumors, several mechanisms of progression have been described : overexpression of IGF2 in connection with a paternal isodisomia, loss of heterozygosity of p53 and activation of the Wnt pathway. Malignant tumors can also be difficult to diagnose in their borderline forms, and their prognosis is difficult to predict. The transcriptomes of tumors can be analysed and compared by microarray technology and SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression). The objective of this thesis is to characterize the transcriptome of different tumors of the adrenal cortex, to identify diagnostic and prognostic makers, and molecular mechanisms of pathological hormone secretion, initiation and tumor progression. The first paper dedscribes the molecular abnormalities of primary aldosteronism. For this, the transcriptomes of Conn's adenoma and its adjacent zona glomerulosa to the tumor (switched off by negative feedback) were compared with SAGE, and validated by in situ hybridization. Only the two terminal enzymes of steroidogenesis CYP21 and CYP11B2 are overexpressed in the Conn. Acute regulator of steroidogenesis StAR is not overexpressed. Cholesterol substrate for steroidogenesis, seems to come from HDL cholesterol. Finally calcium signaling, that controls the acute aldosterone secretion seems also activated in primary aldosteronism. The second work identifies, from the transcriptome, the diagnostic and prognostic molecular signatures for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of transcriptomes of 96 unilateral tumors clearly distinguished benign and malignant tumors, and identified in malignant tumors, two groups of tumors of very different prognosis. Makers of recurrence and death based on the subtraction of the expression of two genes, DGL7-PINK1 and PINK1-BUB1B respectively, yield predictions for high-performance compared with current predictors. This work opens original pathophysiological perspectives, which will be further explored in the laboratory. In parallel, the direct translation of the results available to patients with adrenal diseases opens a new avenue in molecular personalized medicine, that we want to further develop
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Book chapters on the topic "Hyperpituitarisme"

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"Hyperpituitarism." In Dermatology Therapy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29668-9_1373.

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Hosono, Hidekazu, and Pinchas Cohen. "Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes." In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0755-7.00554-6.

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Drake, W. M., and P. J. Trainer. "Pituitary assessment strategy." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.2067.

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The optimum methods of testing anterior and posterior pituitary function and the interpretation of the results are subjects of continuing debate. The syndromes associated with and consequences of hypo- and hyperpituitarism, and the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes insipidus are all discussed elsewhere in this book. The intention of this chapter is to describe the physiological basis and evidence in favour of the various available tests of anterior pituitary function, discuss the limitations of using artificial assessments on which to base patient management decisions and, ultimately, endeavour to produce a rational approach to the investigation of suspected hypopituitarism.
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