Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hypertension gravidique'
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Van, Overloop Bruno. "Calcium alimentaire et hypertension gravidique." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15076.
Full textBarny, Sylvie. "Facteurs predictifs d'hypertension gravidique ou d'hypotrophie." Amiens, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AMIEM025.
Full textFURLING, VERONIQUE. "Prevention de l'hypertension arterielle gravidique par l'aspirine." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15023.
Full textLassalle, Mariane. "Devenir de la pression artérielle après toxémie gravidique." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11238.
Full textGAUBERT, ESTELLE. "Hypertension no-dependante chez la rate gestante : modele d'hypertension arterielle gravidique ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15098.
Full textGasse, Cédric. "Rôle des mesures biophysiques au 1er trimestre de la grossesse dans la prédiction de la prééclampsie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28143.
Full textAmong the various complications of pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE) is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity to this day. Unfortunately, there is still no effective cure of PE other than the delivery of the placenta. However, daily aspirin have been shown to effectively prevent PE in high-risk women when started before 16 weeks of gestation. It is imperative to identify women at risk for PE early in gestation. Several methods have been proposed, including the use of biophysical measurements. Studies on this topic show varying results, which can be partly due to differences in measurement techniques and in methodology. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to estimate the performance of two biophysical parameters, measured with standardized techniques during the first trimester of pregnancy, for the prediction of PE. These two parameters are the body mass index (BMI) and the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). We observed that the BMI, modeled as a continuous variable, and the MAP, measured using an automated device validated for pregnant women, of women in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of developing PE. Therefore, these markers appear to be useful for the early prediction of PE and should be considered in a predictive model of PE for clinical use.
JACOB, FOURRE CHANTAL. "Les inhibiteurs calciques et l'hypertension arterielle gravidique : a propos de 14 cas." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M207.
Full textCOUTEAU, CHAIGNE MURIEL. "Les beta-bloquants dans le traitement de l'hypertension arterielle gravidique : revue de la litterature." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6063.
Full textRoland-Zejly, Linda. "Rôle central des antioxydants dans l'hypertension et l'inflammation en prééclampsie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22003.
Full textTapp, Sylvie. "Étude comparative de deux doses d'acide acétylsalicylique sur la fonction placentaire de la femme avec antécédent de prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29865/29865.pdf.
Full textSeveral studies have shown that low-dose aspirin started in early pregnancy would improve the process of placental development and reduce the risk of preeclampsia in high-risk populations. Although it is recommended to start taking daily aspirin in the first trimester of pregnancy in women with a history of preeclampsia, the optimal dose remains controversial. We developed a randomized clinical trial among women with a history of preeclampsia to determine whether 160 mg of aspirin is associated with a greater improvement of placental function than 80 mg and if the difference between these two doses may be associated with platelet aggregation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of such a trial as well as the potential impact of aspirin resistance on placental function at 22 weeks in 30 participants from this study.
HEIM, VADEL NAZBANOU. "Interet du doppler uterin dans le suivi des femmes enceintes ayant une hypertension arterielle chronique ou une hypertension arterielle gravidique precoce." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M254.
Full textBally, Philippe. "Variations du taux de fibronectine plasmatique totale au cours de la grossesse normale et de l'hypertension gravidique." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11178.
Full textVIGNON, BRUN EUPHRASIE. "A propos de trois cas de complications hepatiques de la grossesse : leurs relations avec l'hypertension arterielle gravidique." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMM084.
Full textIsabelle, St-Pierre. "Étude des glutathion peroxydases dans le placenta de femmes atteintes de prééclampsie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18802.
Full textBoutet, Marianne. "Étude des glutathion peroxydases -1 et -4 dans les circulations sanguines des femmes prééclamptiques et de leurs fœtus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20583.
Full textQUIRIN, LAURENCE. "Gmp cyclique et hypertension arterielle gravidique : variations des taux plasmatiques et urinaires au cours du peri-partum." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M054.
Full textFLAMANT, GHISLAINE. "Accidents aigus de l'hypertension arterielle gravidique : etude realisee a partir de 41 observations." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE6559.
Full textDIEYE, AMADOU MOCTAR. "Reactivite aortique dans un modele d'hypertension arterielle gravidique par inhibition de la no synthase chez la rate wistar (doctorat : pharmacologie)." Strasbourg 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR15069.
Full textDemers, Suzanne. "Étude échographique de la vascularisation placentaire au 1er trimestre de la grossesse pour la prédiction de la pré-éclampsie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26563.
Full textLa pré-éclampsie (PE) est une complication de la grossesse entrainant de graves conséquences chez la femme et l’enfant. Il n’existe à ce jour aucun traitement afin de soigner la maladie lorsque celle-ci se déclare. Certaines thérapies existent toutefois afin de prévenir la maladie mais celles-ci doivent être débutées tôt en grossesse. Il devient alors impératif d’identifier les femmes à risque de développer une PE dès le 1er trimestre de la grossesse. Notre objectif est d’évaluer la vascularisation placentaire au 1er trimestre comme marqueur échographique dans la prédiction de la PE. Les résultats de notre étude cas témoins rapportent des indices de vascularisation placentaire diminués chez les femmes qui développeront une PE en grossesse. Ce marqueur pourrait donc être utilisé, seul ou en combinaison avec d’autres marqueurs (ex. biochimiques, biophysiques) dans la prédiction de la maladie tôt en grossesse.
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complication of pregnancy leading to severe consequences for both women and children. At present there is no treatment to cure the condition when it occurs. However, there are therapies that can prevent the disease when they are administered early in pregnancy. It is therefore critical to identify women at risk of developing PE early, within the first trimester of pregnancy. Our objective was to evaluate the use of placental vasculature in the first trimester as an ultrasound marker to predict PE. Our case-control study suggested that placental vascularization indices decreased in women who develop PE in pregnancy. This indicator could therefore be used alone or in combination with other markers (e.g. biochemical, biophysical) in the prediction of the disease early in pregnancy.
Brien, Mélanie. "Étude des acides gras polyinsaturés et des F₂-isoprostanes dans le placenta en prééclampsie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27680.
Full textPreeclampsia is a complex disorder during pregnancy. It is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria detectable after twenty weeks of gestation. An abnormal placental development/invasion is believed to be the first step of the pathophysiology. Preeclampsia is associated with an hypoxic condition, oxidative stress and the deregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and transfer to the growing fetus. Lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, lead potentially to the formation of sixty-four isomers of F₂-isoprostanes. F₂-isoprostanes are reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress and some are vasoconstrictors when released from the phospholipids membranes by phospholipases A₂. I have studied intact and oxidized fatty acids liberated by phospholipases A₂ and the thromboxane A₂ pathways in the placenta of normotensives and preeclamptic placentas. We have observed that plasmalogen, a sub-class of phospholipids enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, is elevated in the placenta of preeclamptic pregnancies. Furthermore, concentration of free F₂-isoprostanes is higher in preeclamptic placentas compared to controls. The latter was accompanied by elevated mRNA expression of specific phospholipases A₂ in preeclamptic placentas when compared to normotensive controls. In brief, elevated levels of free F₂-isoprostanes in addition to higher expression of thromboxane A₂ receptors could be involved in the local placental hypertension in preeclampsia.
KRETZ, ODILE. "Applications des inhibiteurs calciques pendant la grossesse dans la menace d'accouchement premature et dans l'hypertension arterielle gravidique." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15086.
Full textBeauchemin, David. "Étude de la synthèse des prostanoïdes vasoactifs et de leurs récepteurs dans le placenta en prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27970/27970.pdf.
Full textRouthier, Catherine. "Étude de la voie des polyols dans le placenta en prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30339/30339.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia (PE) is a complex obstetrical pathology associated to a defective placentation. The abnormally developed placenta is believed to release factors causing a maternal endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that an accumulation of sorbitol, a hyperosmotic sugar produced through the polyol pathway, could induce the release by the placenta of sFlt-1, an antagonist of the angiogenic factor VEGF in PE. We compared mRNA and protein expression levels of AKR1B1 and SORD, the two enzymes of the polyol pathway, in placentas from normotensive (control) and PE pregnancies by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting respectively. Then, we localized the two enzymes by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that polyol pathway is altered in amniochorionic membranes from PE pregnancies, and that this phenomenon would promote sorbitol accumulation at the foeto-maternal interface.
Rancourt, Caroline. "Validation de marqueurs génétiques de la prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23335/23335.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia, a common pregnancy complication, is the leading cause of maternal death in Canada. Normal pregnancy is associated with a physiologic increase in coagulation activities. In preeclamptic women, this change is further exaggerated and may lead to thrombotic complications. We attempted to validate published associations with SNPs in genes for coagulation factors II, V and VII in a large sample of French-Canadian pregnant nulliparous women (307 cases were matched with two controls for BMI and maternal age). All genotypes were obtained by a PCR-ASO method combined to a fluorimetric detection. Power was 80 % (α = 0,05) to detect association if differences between rare allele frequencies had been superior to 3 % between groups. We observed no such difference. Genotypes distribution followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all SNPs studied. Thus, our results do not support a role for those SNPs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in the French Canadian population.
Matz-Westphal, Rachel. "Evolution des mécanismes de contrôle de la vasomotricité au cours du vieillissement et dans un modèle d'hypertension artérielle gravidique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13117.
Full textLavoie-Lebel, Élise. "Les effets de la consommation de chocolat noir riche en polyphénols sur les composantes du syndrome métabolique chez les femmes enceintes à risque de prééclampsie : sous-étude de l'essai clinique randomisé CHOCENTA." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35718.
Full textBackground : Many studies suggest that dark chocolate consumption has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome components in general population. However, there is no data in pregnant population. Objectives : Study the effects of the consumption of chocolate rich in flavanols and theobromine on metabolic syndrome components in pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia. Methods : 131 pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia were randomized in the experimental group (HFHT chocolate) or in the control group (LFLT chocolate). These women had to eat 30g of chocolate every day for 12 weeks. Measures of blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, blood sugar, insulin and weight were done at the randomization visit and repeated at week 12. Results : No significant group by time interaction was found in fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations after 12 weeks of chocolate consumption. A significant time effect was observed in fasting insulin concentrations in both HFHT and LFLT chocolate groups (p<0.0001), with similar increases in fasting insulin concentrations at 12 weeks. A significant group by time interaction was observed for triglyceride concentrations (p=0.006), with a more pronounced deterioration in the LFLT group. Significant time effects were observed in total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and total-C on HDL-C ratio (p< 0.0001), with similar increases in both HFHT and LFLT chocolate groups. A significant group by time interaction was noted for body weight (p=0.03), with a greater weight gain in the LFLT group. Conclusion : Results suggest that consumption of HFHT chocolate could have beneficial effects on triglyceride concentrations in pregnant women. Our results also suggest that HFHT chocolate consumption during pregnancy in women at risk of PE does not conduct to more beneficial effect on fasting glucose concentrations compared to LFLT chocolate group.
Laroche, Mélissa. "Lien entre la prééclampsie et les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire : étude de gènes impliqués dans le processus inflammatoire et associés au syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26217/26217.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy complication characterized by increased blood pressure and proteinuria, is associated with significant maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent studies suggest that women who suffered from PE are at increased risk of long term cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and that the link between these two entities could be explained by the metabolic syndrome (MS). As inflammation appears to be a major element involved as much in PE than in MS and CVD, our research aimed to investigate the potential association between genetic variations in candidate genes involved in the inflammatory process and PE risk in a study sample that included 307 women who suffered from PE and 603 matched controls. In this regard, we analysed known polymorphisms of interleukin-1α (IL-1α; 4845G>T), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -174C>G), interleukin-10 (IL-10; -1082A>G, -2849G>A), TNF-α (TNF-α; -308G>A, -857C>T) and TNF-α receptors (TNFRІ 36A>G, TNFRІІ 676T>G) genes. Our results suggest the presence of a dose-effect of the combination of genes involved in the inflammatory process on the risk of PE.
Gagné, Amélie. "Étude des concentrations d'antioxydants plasmatiques après supplémentation en vitamines E et C au cours de la grossesse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25990/25990.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia (PE) is a syndrome characterized by hypertension and maternal proteinuria during pregnancy. Some studies have suggested that supplementation with vitamins (E and C) could decrease the incidence of PE. Women (n=100) from the International Trial of Antioxidants for the Prevention of PE study were collected at week 12-16 of gestation (prior to vitamins supplementation), then at weeks 24 and 32 of gestation. A second group of 15 preeclamptic women was also selected for this study. Vitamins were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The higher α-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10 concentrations during pregnancy in non-supplemented women, with or without PE, could represent a naturally response against oxidative stress in pregnant women. The lower ratio of γ-/α-tocopherol, observed for the first time in supplemented pregnant women, suggest an increase in plasma α-tocopherol due to dietary supplementation and/or a decrease in γ-tocopherol resulting from a competition for the intestinal absorption of tocopherols.
Paquette, Kim. "Le rôle de la biopsie virtuelle du placenta dans la prédiction du retard de croissance intra-utérin au premier trimestre de la grossesse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66553.
Full textFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pathological process defined as the failure of the fetus to reach its biologically determined growth potential. It affects 7 to 10% pregnancies. Screening for FGR begins only at the 20th weeks of pregnancy but this complication could be detectable during the first-trimester of gestation. Early detection of high-risk pregnancies could allow to start a preventive treatment as soon as possible. Threedimensional Power Doppler ultrasound has shown some encouraging results for early identification of women at high risk of preeclampsia. Placental volume and ultrasonographic sphere biopsy (USSB) with their vascularization indices could possibly detect FGR fetuses during the first-trimester. Our objective was to estimate the performance of the whole placental volume and USSB vascularization in the prediction of severe and non-severe FGR fetuses in the first-trimester. Our results showed that placental volume was a good predictor of severe and non-severe FGR. However, USSB displayed a poor predictive ability. Therefore, first-trimester USSB and its vascularization indices are not good modalities for clinical practice for the early screening of FGR pregnancies.
Rigourd-Rey, Virginie. "Evaluation de l'implication du gène STOX1 dans la pathologie placentaire." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T007.
Full textPreeclampsia (PE) is defined by a significant high blood pressure appearing beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy associated with a proteinuria. It is a frequent pathology occurring in 5-10 % of the pregnancies, responsible for a strong morbidity and mortality materno-fœtale (eclampsia, placenta abrupto, prematurity, intra uterin growth restriction. . . ). The physiopathology of PE remains badly known. Recently, the first gene of predisposition in PE, STOXl 10q22 has been identified by positional cloning. The purpose of this work is to estimate the role of STOX1 and its molecular targets in the complex physiopathology of PE. We analysed the transcriptome of type JEG-3's cells over expressing STOX1 which we created. This study using micro array technology brought to light 2500 genes modified by the over expression of the transcriptionnal factor STOX1. Those have been classified into 30 functional clusters. These axis are directly involved in the physiopathology of PE. Our preliminary results of functional studies from our cellular model tend to confirm the implication of STOX1 in: i) the answer to the hypoxie or to the oxydatif stress, ii) the setting-up, the early development and the differentiation of the placenta and iii) the immunological interaction mother-foetus. During year 2007, three articles questioned the implication of STOX1 in PE. We thus rehabilitated STOXl as gene candidate in PE and therefore we envisaged a model of transgenic mice over-expressing STOX1. This allowed us to go beyond the in vitro models of PE. To create an in vivo model of PE is a means for the deciphering of this complexe disease and especially for the identification of new almost non-existent means of screening and treatment at the moment. In conclusion, the use of the genomic tool in PE allowed to refine the physiopathological knowledge on PE and to experiment new ways of research in the demains of the diagnosis and the therapeutic applications
Larose, Jessica. "Analyse des isomères de F2-isoprostanes par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse dans la circulation maternelle en fin de grossesse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25559.
Full textUn stress oxydatif survient lorsqu’il y a surproduction de dérivés actifs de l’oxygène par rapport aux défenses antioxydantes. Ce déséquilibre est associé, entre autres, à la prééclampsie, une pathologie de la grossesse. Les F2-isoprostanes regroupent soixante-quatre isomères issus de la peroxydation de l’acide arachidonique. Ceux-ci sont reconnus comme étant les biomarqueurs les plus fiables du stress oxydatif in vivo. Une méthode d’analyse par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem pour le dosage de sept isomères de F2-isoprostanes dans des échantillons de plasma, de sang et de membranes érythrocytaires a été mise au point et validée. Les F2-isoprostanes dans le plasma ont été corrélés positivement avec plusieurs acides gras trans plasmatiques au troisième trimestre de la grossesse. Contre toute attente, les F2-isoprostanes du plasma, du sang et des membranes érythrocytaires sont moins abondants en prééclampsie par rapport aux contrôles en fin de grossesse.
An oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses of the organism. This imbalance has been associated with preeclampsia, a pathology of the mid-to-late pregnancy. Peroxidation of arachidonic acid generates sixty-four isomers of F2-isoprostanes. The latter are recognized as the most reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo. A method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of seven isomers of F2-isoprostanes in plasma samples, whole blood and erythrocyte membranes has been developed and validated. The F2-isoprostanes correlated positively with several trans fatty acids in plasma at end of the pregnancy. Unexpectedly, F2-isoprostanes were less abundant in preeclampsia than in control pregnancies at the third trimester.
Dravasa, Marie-Hélène. "Etude du devenir des hypertensions artérielles gravidiques : intérêt d'une collaboration Médecin Généraliste-Centre obstétrical dans leur prise en charge." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25170.
Full textRisch, Marie-Hélène. "Intérêt du doppler ombilical au cours du troisième trimestre de la grossesse dans le cadre des HTA gravidiques et décision obstétricale : à propos de 76 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25221.
Full textTorchin, Héloïse. "Déterminants précoces de la dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire chez les grands prématurés Placental complications and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study Histologic chorioamnionitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: the epidemiologic study on low gestational ages 2 cohort." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB213.
Full textBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), due to disrupted development of the immature lungs, remains a common respiratory morbidity of very preterm birth. Our aim was to study antenatal and postnatal factors possibly associated with BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, about which epidemiological results have been inconsistent. Data from the EPIPAGE-2 cohort study were used. We first studied the associations between placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and BPD. Pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) were at higher odds of moderate to severe BPD, whereas hypertensive disorders of pregnancy without FGR were not. We then analyzed the impact of antenatal inflammation, defined using histological chorioamnionitis diagnosis. Among very preterm infants born after spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes or after preterm premature rupture of the membranes, histological chorioamnionitis was not associated with moderate or severe BPD. Lastly, we found wide inter-center variability in care delivered to preterm infants from their very first days. However, we were not able to explain variations of BPD frequency between centers by these differences of care. Our results concerning the associations between two frequent pregnancy complications and BPD are in part contrary to current pathophysiological models. Understanding early BPD risk factors may help to better define patients for inclusion in clinical trials aiming to decrease BPD rates or severity and to improve clinicians and families knowledge about respiratory morbidity of preterm birth