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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyphal branching'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Falloon, Richard E., Paul W. Sutherland, and Ian C. Hallett. "Morphology of Erysiphe pisi on leaves of Pisum sativum." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 11 (1989): 3410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-415.

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Morphological details of conidium germination, hyphae, appressoria, conidiophores, and organisation within colonies of Erysiphe pisi on leaves of Pisum sativum were studied in frozen, hydrated specimens with a scanning electron microscope. The pathogen has several adaptations to enable efficient colonisation of host leaf surfaces, including production of several hyphae from each germinated conidium, unidirectional growth of individual hyphae, prolific hyphal branching at obtuse angles to lines of hyphal growth, and rapid and prolific development of appressoria and conidiophores. Hyphal cells o

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Barelle, Caroline J., Mathias L. Richard, Claude Gaillardin, Neil A. R. Gow, and Alistair J. P. Brown. "Candida albicans VAC8 Is Required for Vacuolar Inheritance and Normal Hyphal Branching." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 2 (2006): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.5.2.359-367.2006.

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ABSTRACT Hyphal growth is prevalent during most Candida albicans infections. Current cell division models, which are based on cytological analyses of C. albicans, predict that hyphal branching is intimately linked with vacuolar inheritance in this fungus. Here we report the molecular validation of this model, showing that a specific mutation that disrupts vacuolar inheritance also affects hyphal division. The armadillo repeat-containing protein Vac8p plays an important role in vacuolar inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The VAC8 gene was identified in the C. albicans genome sequence and

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3

Tan, Yong Y., Martin J. Spiering, Vicki Scott, Geoffrey A. Lane, Michael J. Christensen, and Jan Schmid. "In Planta Regulation of Extension of an Endophytic Fungus and Maintenance of High Metabolic Rates in Its Mycelium in the Absence of Apical Extension." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 12 (2001): 5377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.12.5377-5383.2001.

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ABSTRACT The fungus Neotyphodium lolii is an endophytic symbiont. It grows in the intercellular spaces of the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne, producing secondary metabolites which enhance the fitness of the association over that of uninfectedL. perenne. We report that the average number of hyphal strands in a given section of a leaf remains constant during the life of a leaf, indicating synchrony of leaf and hyphal extension, including cessation of hyphal extension when leaf extension ceases. We used a constitutively expressed reporter gene as an indicator of the mycelium's metabolic activi

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4

Wilson, Duncan, François L. Mayer, Pedro Miramón, et al. "Distinct Roles of Candida albicans-Specific Genes in Host-Pathogen Interactions." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 8 (2014): 977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00051-14.

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ABSTRACTHuman fungal pathogens are distributed throughout their kingdom, suggesting that pathogenic potential evolved independently.Candida albicansis the most virulent member of the CUG clade of yeasts and a common cause of both superficial and invasive infections. We therefore hypothesized thatC. albicanspossesses distinct pathogenicity mechanisms.In silicogenome subtraction and comparative transcriptional analysis identified a total of 65C.albicans-specificgenes (ASGs) expressed during infection. Phenotypic characterization of six ASG-null mutants demonstrated that these genes are dispensab

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5

Harris, Steven D. "Hyphal branching in filamentous fungi." Developmental Biology 451, no. 1 (2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.02.012.

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6

Suryanarayanan, T. S., V. Muruganandam, and G. Sampath. "Effect of Congo red on hyphal morphogenesis and sporulation of Botryodiplodia theobromae." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 5 (1987): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-110.

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The effect of Congo red, a dye which inhibits crystallization of cell wall polysaccharides, on hyphal differentiation and sporulation of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. was studied. The fungus has an obligate requirement for light to fruit in culture. The dye replaced the light requirement for formation of pycnidia. It also affected the structural integrity of the hyphal wall and the branching frequency of the hypha.

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7

Youatt, Jean. "DNA Synthesis in Relation to Hyphal Branching and Wall Composition in Allomyces macrogynus." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 38, no. 1 (1985): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9850067.

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In A. macrogynus the first replication of DNA occurred after germination, at the time of the first branching of rhizoids. Before the second replication galactan in the wall exceeded the glucan content and was not firmly attached. After the second DNA replication hyphallengthening commenced with an increase in the content of glucan but the walls lacked rigidity. At the time of the third replication walls underwent a change which commenced at the hyphal tip and worked back to the rhizoids, converting the hyphae to a rigid, cylindrical shape. Branching commenced after the fourth replication of DN

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8

Bauer, Yasmina, Philipp Knechtle, Jürgen Wendland, Hanspeter Helfer, and Peter Philippsen. "A Ras-like GTPase Is Involved in Hyphal Growth Guidance in the Filamentous Fungus Ashbya gossypii." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 10 (2004): 4622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-02-0104.

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Characteristic features of morphogenesis in filamentous fungi are sustained polar growth at tips of hyphae and frequent initiation of novel growth sites (branches) along the extending hyphae. We have begun to study regulation of this process on the molecular level by using the model fungus Ashbya gossypii. We found that the A. gossypii Ras-like GTPase Rsr1p/Bud1p localizes to the tip region and that it is involved in apical polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, a determinant of growth direction. In the absence of RSR1/BUD1, hyphal growth was severely slowed down due to frequent phases of pau

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9

Ajme, Gufran Moneam, and Ali Hussein Shuaa. "Mathematical Model of Tip-hypha Anastomosis and Dichotomous Branching with Hyphal Death." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1963, no. 1 (2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012087.

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10

Kornitzer, Daniel. "Regulation of Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis by Endogenous Signals." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5010021.

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Candida albicans is a human commensal fungus that is able to assume several morphologies, including yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal. Under a range of conditions, C. albicans performs a regulated switch to the filamentous morphology, characterized by the emergence of a germ tube from the yeast cell, followed by a mold-like growth of branching hyphae. This transition from yeast to hyphal growth has attracted particular attention, as it has been linked to the virulence of C. albicans as an opportunistic human pathogen. Signal transduction pathways that mediate the induction of the hyphal transcri

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11

Kubo, Hiroyoshi, and Hitoshi Mihara. "cAMP promotes hyphal branching in Mucor globosus." Mycoscience 48, no. 3 (2007): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0348-6.

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12

Schmitz, Hans-Peter, Andreas Kaufmann, Michael Köhli, Pierre Philippe Laissue, and Peter Philippsen. "From Function to Shape: A Novel Role of a Formin in Morphogenesis of the Fungus Ashbya gossypii." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 1 (2006): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0479.

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Morphogenesis of filamentous ascomycetes includes continuously elongating hyphae, frequently emerging lateral branches, and, under certain circumstances, symmetrically dividing hyphal tips. We identified the formin AgBni1p of the model fungus Ashbya gossypii as an essential factor in these processes. AgBni1p is an essential protein apparently lacking functional overlaps with the two additional A. gossypii formins that are nonessential. Agbni1 null mutants fail to develop hyphae and instead expand to potato-shaped giant cells, which lack actin cables and thus tip-directed transport of secretory

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13

Knechtle, Philipp, Fred Dietrich, and Peter Philippsen. "Maximal Polar Growth Potential Depends on the Polarisome Component AgSpa2 in the Filamentous FungusAshbya gossypii." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 10 (2003): 4140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-03-0167.

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We used actin staining and videomicroscopy to analyze the development from a spore to a young mycelium in the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. The development starts with an initial isotropic growth phase followed by the emergence of germ tubes. The initial tip growth speed of 6–10 μm/h increases during early stages of development. This increase is transiently interrupted in response to the establishment of lateral branches or septa. The hyphal tip growth speed finally reaches a maximum of up to 200 μm/h, and the tips of these mature hyphae have the ability to split into two equally fas

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14

Galper, S., A. Sztejnberg, and N. Lisker. "Scanning electron microscopy of the ontogeny of Ampelomyces quisqualis pycnidia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 10 (1985): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-181.

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Observations on Ampelomyces quisqualis disclosed that the pycnidium may originate either from one cell of a single pycnidiospore, or from one hyphal cell. In the first case the pycnidiospore becomes two celled and swollen and a profuse germination of one of the two swollen spore cells can be observed. Later, the short hyphae branches, interweave, and anastomose to form a compact network around the mother spore, the pycnidium primordium. Similarly, we observed profuse branching in a single hyphal cell. The newly formed branches interweave and anastomose to form a compact network which gives ris

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15

Knudsen, G. R., J. P. Stack, S. O. Schuhmann, K. Orr, and C. LaPaglia. "Individual-Based Approach to Modeling Hyphal Growth of a Biocontrol Fungus in Soil." Phytopathology® 96, no. 10 (2006): 1108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1108.

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Fungi in soil perform beneficial roles that include biological control of soilborne plant pathogens. However, relatively little predictive information is available about the growth and activity of fungal hyphae in soil habitats. A stochastic computer simulation model (“Fungmod”) was developed to predict hyphal growth of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1 in soil. The model simulates a fungal colony as a population of spatially referenced hyphal segments, and is individual-based, in that records of spatial location and branching hierarchy are maintained for individual hyphal nod

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16

Schnepf, A., D. Leitner, P. F. Schweiger, P. Scholl, and J. Jansa. "L-System model for the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, both within and outside of their host roots." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 117 (2016): 20160129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0129.

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Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of roots and the surrounding soil is the central process of mycorrhizal symbiosis, important for ecosystem functioning and commercial inoculum applications. To improve mechanistic understanding of this highly spatially and temporarily dynamic process, we developed a three-dimensional model taking into account growth of the roots and hyphae. It is for the first time that infection within the root system is simulated dynamically and in a spatially resolved way. Comparison between data measured in a calibration experiment and simulated res

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17

Flärdh, Klas, David M. Richards, Antje M. Hempel, Martin Howard, and Mark J. Buttner. "Regulation of apical growth and hyphal branching in Streptomyces." Current Opinion in Microbiology 15, no. 6 (2012): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2012.10.012.

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18

Akiyama, Kohki, Ken-ichi Matsuzaki, and Hideo Hayashi. "Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Nature 435, no. 7043 (2005): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03608.

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19

Ho‐Plágaro, Tania, Rafael J. L. Morcillo, María Isabel Tamayo‐Navarrete, et al. "DLK2 regulates arbuscule hyphal branching during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis." New Phytologist 229, no. 1 (2020): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16938.

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20

Ellett, Felix, Julianne Jorgensen, Galit H. Frydman, Caroline N. Jones, and Daniel Irimia. "Neutrophil Interactions Stimulate Evasive Hyphal Branching by Aspergillus fumigatus." PLOS Pathogens 13, no. 1 (2017): e1006154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006154.

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21

Suryanarayanan, T. S., and M. K. Janarthanam. "Induction of hyphal branching inBipolaris sorokiniana by sodium chloride." Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences 95, no. 2 (1985): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03053120.

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22

Christensen, M. J., and C. R. Voisey. "The biology of the endophyte/grass partnership." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3078.

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The association of EpichloÃ« and Neotyphodium endophytes with host grasses is one of balance between both partners. The host plants are symptomless with the exception of stromata that can form on reproductive tillers of grasses infected with EpichloÃ« spp. The hyphae of the endophytes, spread systemically throughout the above ground parts of plants and in leaves, are aligned parallel with the longitudinal leaf axis and are seldom branched. In this review, the reader is guided through the interaction of host grass and endophytes as revealed by microscopy and then given a model to explain the un

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23

Fortwendel, Jarrod R., Wei Zhao, Ruchi Bhabhra, et al. "A Fungus-Specific Ras Homolog Contributes to the Hyphal Growth and Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 12 (2005): 1982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.12.1982-1989.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Ras family of GTPase proteins has been shown to control morphogenesis in many organisms, including several species of pathogenic fungi. In a previous study, we identified a gene encoding a fungus-specific Ras subfamily homolog, rasB, in Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we report that deletion of A. fumigatus rasB caused decreased germination and growth rates on solid media but had no effect on total biomass accumulation after 24 h of growth in liquid culture. The ΔrasB mutant had an irregular hyphal morphology characterized by increased branching. Expression of rasBΔ113-135, a mutant t

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24

Nielsen, Kirsten, Gary A. Payne, and Rebecca S. Boston. "Maize Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Inhibits Normal Development of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 2 (2001): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.2.164.

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The abundant maize kernel ribosome-inactivating protein 1 (RIP1) was tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. A microculture assay was developed to monitor fungal growth and development after treatment of conidia with RIP1 or control proteins. A striking decrease in hyphal proliferation was observed when conidia of A. nidulans, a genetically well-characterized nonpathogenic species, were treated with RIP1 protein. Treatment with a RIP1 mutant protein that lacked enzymatic ribosome-inactivating activity caused no observable effects. RIP1 treatment of c

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25

Akiyama, Kohki, Shin Ogasawara, Seisuke Ito, and Hideo Hayashi. "Structural Requirements of Strigolactones for Hyphal Branching in AM Fungi." Plant and Cell Physiology 51, no. 7 (2010): 1104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq058.

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26

Chen, Changbin, and Martin B. Dickman. "Colletotrichum trifolii TB3 Kinase, a COT1 Homolog, Is Light Inducible and Becomes Localized in the Nucleus during Hyphal Elongation." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 4 (2002): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.4.626-633.2002.

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ABSTRACT Colletotrichum trifolii is a fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose disease of alfalfa. Previously, a serine/threonine protein kinase gene from this fungus (TB3), which is a functional homolog of the Neurospora crassa COT1 kinase, has been isolated in our laboratory and appears to be associated with hyphal elongation and branching. In this report we show that light treatment rapidly induces TB3 expression and hyphal branching frequency. Western analysis showed TB3 localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, but not in membranes. Moreover, indirect immunofluorescence indicated

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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, C. A. Ackerley, and L. H. Melville. "Structure and ontogeny of Betula alleghaniensis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (1990): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-077.

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The ontogeny and ultrastructure of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) and Pisolithus tinctorius, a broad host range fungus, were studied to determine the structural modifications in both symbionts during ectomycorrhiza establishment. A number of stages, including initial contact of hyphae with the root surface, early mantle formation, and mature mantle formation, were distinguished. Interactions between hyphae and root hairs were frequent. As a paraepidermal Hartig net developed, root epidermal cells elongated in a radial direction, but wall ingrowths were

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Sahu, Susmita Kumari, S. Padhy, M. Dash, I. Mohanty, and S. Pattnaik. "A Rare case of Subcutaneous Mycosis due to Rhizoctonia solani." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (2014): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.15060.

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Rhizoctonia solani is a very common soil borne pathogen with a great diversity of host plants. A 52 year old lady presented with sole manifestation of subcutaneous swelling over the left leg for 3 months Pus was collected by aspiration revealed septate fungal hyphae. After culture on SDA at 25 C showed white cottony growth initially, progressed to buff colored to black colonies on further incubation. On LPCB mount we found septate hyphae with acute and right angled branching without any conidia and hyphal anastomosis which resembled features of Rhizoctonia solani. Patient was put on Fluconazol

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Zhao, Chunzhao, Cees Waalwijk, Pierre J. G. M. de Wit, Theo van der Lee, and Dingzhong Tang. "EBR1, a Novel Zn2Cys6 Transcription Factor, Affects Virulence and Apical Dominance of the Hyphal Tip in Fusarium graminearum." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 12 (2011): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-11-0158.

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Zn2Cys6 transcription factors are unique to fungi and have been reported to be involved in different regulatory functions. Here, we characterized EBR1 (enhanced branching 1), a novel Zn2Cys6 transcription factor of Fusarium graminearum. Knocking out EBR1 in F. graminearum PH-1 caused reduction of both radial growth and virulence. The conidia of knock-out strain PH-1Δebr1 germinated faster than those of wild-type PH-1, but the conidiation of the mutant was significantly reduced. Detailed analysis showed that the reduced radial growth might be due to reduced apical dominance of the hyphal tip, l

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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, C. A. Ackerley, and Y. Piché. "Structure and ontogeny of Alnus crispa – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (1986): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-026.

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Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh seedlings were grown in plastic pouches and inoculated with Frankia to induce nodules and subsequently with Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith to form ectomycorrhizae. The earliest events in ectomycorrhiza formation involved contact of the root surface by hyphae, hyphal proliferation to form a thin mantle, and further hyphal growth to form a thick mantle. Structural changes in the host, the mycosymbiont, and the fungus–epidermis interface were described at various stages in the ontogeny of ectomycorrhizae. Fungal hyphae in contact with epiderm

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Zhang, Xue, Ang Ren, Meng-Jiao Li, et al. "Heat Stress Modulates Mycelium Growth, Heat Shock Protein Expression, Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis, and Hyphal Branching of Ganoderma lucidum via Cytosolic Ca2+." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 14 (2016): 4112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01036-16.

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ABSTRACTHeat stress (HS) influences the growth and development of organisms. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of how organisms sense HS and respond to it is required.Ganoderma lucidum, a higher basidiomycete with bioactive secondary metabolites, has become a potential model system due to the complete sequencing of its genome, transgenic systems, and reliable reverse genetic tools. In this study, we found that HS inhibited mycelium growth, reduced hyphal branching, and induced the accumulation of ganoderic acid biosynthesis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) inG. lucidum. Our data showed that HS

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32

Hausauer, Danielle L., Maryam Gerami-Nejad, Cassandra Kistler-Anderson, and Cheryl A. Gale. "Hyphal Guidance and Invasive Growth in Candida albicans Require the Ras-Like GTPase Rsr1p and Its GTPase-Activating Protein Bud2p." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 7 (2005): 1273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.7.1273-1286.2005.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans, the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans, causes superficial mycoses, invasive mucosal infections, and disseminated systemic disease. Many studies have shown an intriguing association between C. albicans morphogenesis and the pathogenesis process. For example, hyphal cells have been observed to penetrate host epithelial cells at sites of wounds and between cell junctions. Ras- and Rho-type GTPases regulate many morphogenetic processes in eukaryotes, including polarity establishment, cell proliferation, and directed growth in response to extracellular stimuli. We

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Zmakh, Mudhafar Habeeb, and Ali H. Shuaa Al-Taie. "Mathematical Model of FHXWBranching Type with Hyphal Death." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 12, no. 4 (2016): 6111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v12i4.348.

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A mathematical description of growth and branching in fungi can be derived in terms of continuous variables such as densities of filaments and tips. The general concept of continuum modeling yields the following equations of fungal growth in which a balance is kept for the accumulation of hyphal filaments and their tips.Hyphae are immobile. They are created only through the motion of tips-essentially the trail left behind tips as they moves. The rate of local length accumulation depends on the number of tips and branches present as well as on their rate of motion.

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Gao, Tan, Liang Shi, Tianjun Zhang, et al. "Cross Talk between Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulates Hyphal Branching and Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum under Copper Stress." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84, no. 13 (2018): e00438-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00438-18.

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ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum is among the best known medicinal basidiomycetes due to its production of many pharmacologically active compounds. To study the regulatory networks involved in its growth and development, we analyzed the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of hyphal branching and ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis after Cu2+ treatment. Our results revealed that Cu2+ treatment decreased the distance between hyphal branches and increased the GA content and the intracellular levels of ROS and Ca2+. Further research revealed that the Cu2+

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35

Pandey, Amita, M. Gabriela Roca, Nick D. Read, and N. Louise Glass. "Role of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Conidial Germination and Hyphal Fusion in Neurospora crassa." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 2 (2004): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.2.348-358.2004.

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ABSTRACT Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic organisms. MAP kinase pathways are composed of a MAP kinase, a MAP kinase kinase, and a MAP kinase kinase kinase; activation is regulated by sequential phosphorylation. Components of three MAP kinase pathways have been identified by genome sequence analysis in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. One of the predicted MAP kinases in N. crassa, MAK-2, shows similarity to Fus3p and Kss1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are involved in sexual reproduction and filamen

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Wendland, J., and P. Philippsen. "Determination of cell polarity in germinated spores and hyphal tips of the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii requires a rhoGAP homolog." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 9 (2000): 1611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.9.1611.

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In the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii, like in other filamentous fungi onset of growth in dormant spores occurs as an isotropic growth phase generating spherical germ cells. Thereafter, a switch to polarized growth results in the formation of the first hyphal tip. The initial steps of hyphal tip formation in filamentous fungi, therefore, resemble processes taking place prior to and during bud emergence of unicellular yeast-like fungi. We investigated whether phenotypic similarities between these distinct events extended to the molecular level. To this end we isolated and characterized

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Massicotte, H. B., J. M. Trappe, R. L. Peterson, and L. H. Melville. "Studies on Cenococcum geophilum. II. Sclerotium morphology, germination, and formation in pure culture and growth pouches." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 1 (1992): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-017.

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Cenococcum geophilum sclerotium morphology, germination, and formation in pure culture and growth pouches is described. On agar, germination of most field-collected sclerotia occurred within 30 days. In vitro attempts to initiate sclerotia succeeeded to varying degrees for 20 of the 22 isolates (collected in three main habitats in Oregon) in agar or peat – vermiculite but not in liquid culture. Sclerotium formation was initiated in 1-month-old cultures by branching, lateral growth, and subsequent septation of hyphae. Surface cells of compact hyphae of young sclerotia elongated, became irregula

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Cleary, Ann, Jean Youatt, and TP O'Brien. "Hyphal Emergence and Outgrowth of Allomyces macrogynus in Aerated Cultures." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, no. 3 (1986): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9860241.

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Hyphal emergence was delayed in aerated cultures of A. macrogynus. Continuous observation of individual organisms revealed alternation of growth at the tip and at the base, including an incorporation of part of the primary rhizoid into the hyphal region. Electron microscopy of sections confirmed the deposition of additional wall during the stages of development of the base. These sections also showed changes in wall structure during growth, in particular a readily removable component of early walls. Nuclei were positioned just below the emerging tips at hyphal emergence and at branching. The a

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Borghi, Lorenzo, Claudio Screpanti, Alexandre Lumbroso, Mathilde Lachia, Christian Gübeli, and Alain De Mesmaeker. "Efficiency and bioavailability of new synthetic strigolactone mimics with potential for sustainable agronomical applications." Plant and Soil 465, no. 1-2 (2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04943-8.

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Abstract Purpose Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in agriculture because of their ability to improve plant resilience against abiotic and biotic stresses. AMF as a technology to promote a more sustainable agriculture holds great potential, yet many factors affect the efficiency of this plant-microbe symbiosis leading to inconsistency in performance. The beneficial symbiosis between plants and AM fungi, also-known-as the mycorrhiza is promoted by strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid derivatives active as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Natural SLs are effective at extr

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Klis, Frans M., Chris G. de Koster, and Stanley Brul. "Cell Wall-Related Bionumbers and Bioestimates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 1 (2013): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00250-13.

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ABSTRACTBionumbers and bioestimates are valuable tools in biological research. Here we focus on cell wall-related bionumbers and bioestimates of the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the polymorphic, pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. We discuss the linear relationship between cell size and cell ploidy, the correlation between cell size and specific growth rate, the effect of turgor pressure on cell size, and the reason why using fixed cells for measuring cellular dimensions can result in serious underestimation ofin vivovalues. We further consider the evidence that individual buds and

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Hosking, Sarah L., Geoffrey D. Robson, and Anthony P. J. Trinci. "Phosphoinositides Play a Role in Hyphal Extension and Branching in Neurospora crassa." Experimental Mycology 19, no. 1 (1995): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/emyc.1995.1008.

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Mouriño-Pérez, Rosa R., Robert W. Roberson, and Salomon Bartnicki-García. "Microtubule dynamics and organization during hyphal growth and branching in Neurospora crassa." Fungal Genetics and Biology 43, no. 6 (2006): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2005.10.007.

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Juge, Christine, Annie Champagne, Andrew P. Coughlan, Nicolas Juge, Lael Parrott, and Yves Piché. "Quantifying the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: usefulness of the fractal dimension." Botany 87, no. 4 (2009): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b09-006.

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The present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to investigate the use of the fractal dimension (FD) to quantify the growth and development of undisturbed, fully functional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae developing in vitro. The majority of the work focused on the model AM fungus Glomus intraradices DAOM 181602. The time course study and final measurements of an intact mature extraradical mycelium allowed us to compare the development of the mycelium and the FD value. The final FD value of 1.62 for the mature mycelium is similar to that obtained for highly branched root syste

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Morita, Hiroto, Sayako Tomita, Hiroshi Maeda, et al. "Serine-Type Carboxypeptidase KexA of Aspergillus oryzae Has Broader Substrate Specificity than Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kex1 and Is Required for Normal Hyphal Growth and Conidiation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 22 (2012): 8154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01601-12.

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ABSTRACTAspergillus oryzaehas an ortholog ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae KEX1, termedkexA. A truncated form of KexA protein showed serine-type carboxypeptidase activity and somewhat broader substrate specificity than Kex1 protease. Furthermore, our results indicated that KexA is required for normal growth ofA. oryzaeand that it might be involved in hyphal branching.

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Veses, Verónica, Manuel Casanova, Amelia Murgui, Ángel Domínguez, Neil A. R. Gow, and José P. Martínez. "ABG1, a Novel and Essential Candida albicans Gene Encoding a Vacuolar Protein Involved in Cytokinesis and Hyphal Branching." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 6 (2005): 1088–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.6.1088-1101.2005.

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ABSTRACT Immunoscreening of a Candida albicans expression library resulted in the isolation of a novel gene encoding a 32.9-kDa polypeptide (288 amino acids), with 27.7% homology to the product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YGR106c, a putative vacuolar protein. Heterozygous mutants in this gene displayed an altered budding growth pattern, characterized by the formation of chains of buds, decreasingly in size towards the apex, without separation of the daughter buds. Consequently, this gene was designated ABG1. A conditional mutant for ABG1 with the remaining allele under the control of the MET3

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Littley, E. R., and J. E. Rahe. "Sclerotial morphogenesis in Sclerotium cepivorum in vitro." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (1992): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-098.

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Sclerotial ontogeny, maturation, and aging in Sclerotium cepivorum are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. On potato dextrose agar, the mycelium spread, branching irregularly. Six days after inoculation sclerotial initials appeared, formed by hyphae branching and looping. From 6 to 8 days, the number and size of initials increased, and mucilagenous material appeared. By day 9, hyphal bundles formed in the mycelium. Between 9 and 11 days, spherical forms developed and the sclerotia grew. By day 12, an acellular matrix appeared, and to day 18 this matrix progressively obscure

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Trione, E. J., W. M. Hess, and V. O. Stockwell. "Growth and sporulation of the dikaryons of the dwarf bunt fungus in wheat plants and in culture." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (1989): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-211.

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In the wheat plants infected with dwarf bunt, sporulation occurs only in developing kernels. The dikaryon was isolated from infected kernels and from the rachis of infected spikes. The development of pathogenic hyphae and teliosporogenesis in vivo and in vitro is described. Ultrastructural studies indicated that in vivo teliospore primordia detach from sporogenous hyphae in the hymenium layer and develop into mature teliospores. Teliospores were borne terminally on sporogenous hyphae in vitro. Substances that stimulate hyphal branching and inhibit teliospore formation of the dikaryon were isol

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Taulera, Quentin, Dominique Lauressergues, Katie Martin, et al. "Initiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis involves a novel pathway independent from hyphal branching." Mycorrhiza 30, no. 4 (2020): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00965-9.

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Kleven, Nancy L., and David J. McLaughlin. "A light and electron microscopic study of the developmental cycle in the basidiomycete Pachnocybe ferruginea." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (1989): 1336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-178.

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The vegetative and basidial development of Pachnocybe ferruginea was studied by light and electron microscopy. Caffeine was used during fixation to improve cytoplasmic clarity, and a flat-embedding method incorporating Mylar as a release agent was used. Uninucleate basidiospores have ornamented walls and germinate by forming germ tubes. Within 72 h of germination, colonies produce singular conidia and coenocytic apical cells with synchronously dividing nuclei. Basidiospore germination, and hyphal and basidial branching involve breaking of the wall, but sterigma initiation does not. Simple sept

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Lee, Soo Chan, Sabrina N. Schmidtke, Lawrence J. Dangott, and Brian D. Shaw. "Aspergillus nidulans ArfB Plays a Role in Endocytosis and Polarized Growth." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 8 (2008): 1278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00039-08.

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ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi undergo polarized growth throughout most of their life cycles. The Spitzenkörper is an apical organelle composed primarily of vesicles that is unique to filamentous fungi and is likely to act as a vesicle supply center for tip growth. Vesicle assembly and trafficking are therefore important for hyphal growth. ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs), a group of small GTPase proteins, play an important role in nucleating vesicle assembly. Little is known about the role of Arfs in filamentous hyphal growth. We found that Aspergillus nidulans is predicted to encode six Arf fami

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