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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyphal transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lindsay, Allia K., Aurélie Deveau, Amy E. Piispanen, and Deborah A. Hogan. "Farnesol and Cyclic AMP Signaling Effects on the Hypha-to-Yeast Transition in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 10 (2012): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00144-12.

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ABSTRACTCandida albicans, a fungal pathogen of humans, regulates its morphology in response to many environmental cues and this morphological plasticity contributes to virulence. Farnesol, an autoregulatory molecule produced byC. albicans, inhibits the induction of hyphal growth by inhibiting adenylate cyclase (Cyr1). The role of farnesol and Cyr1 in controlling the maintenance of hyphal growth has been less clear. Here, we demonstrate that preformed hyphae transition to growth as yeast in response to farnesol and that strains with increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling exhibit more resistance

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Hazan, Idit, and Haoping Liu. "Hyphal Tip-Associated Localization of Cdc42 Is F-Actin Dependent in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 6 (2002): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.6.856-864.2002.

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ABSTRACT The rho-type GTPase Cdc42 is important for the establishment and maintenance of eukaryotic cell polarity. To examine whether Cdc42 is regulated during the yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans, we constructed a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Cdc42 fusion under the ACT1 promoter and observed its localization in live C. albicans cells. As in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GFP-Cdc42 was observed around the entire periphery of the cell. In yeast-form cells of C. albicans, it clustered to the tips and sides of small buds as well as to the mother-daughter neck region of large-budded ce

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Carlisle, Patricia L., and David Kadosh. "A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of morphology determination inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 3 (2013): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0065.

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Candida albicans, the most common cause of human fungal infections, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from yeast to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments, which is required for virulence. For many years, the relationship among global gene expression patterns associated with determination of specific C. albicans morphologies has remained obscure. Using a strain that can be genetically manipulated to sequentially transition from yeast to pseudohyphae to hyphae in the absence of complex environmental cues and upstream signaling pathways, we demonstrate by whole-genome transcriptional pr

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Wang, Allen, Shelley Lane, Zhen Tian, Amir Sharon, Idit Hazan, and Haoping Liu. "Temporal and Spatial Control of HGC1 Expression Results in Hgc1 Localization to the Apical Cells of Hyphae in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 2 (2006): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00380-06.

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ABSTRACT The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can undergo a morphological transition from a unicellular yeast growth form to a multicellular hyphal growth form. During hyphal growth, cell division is asymmetric. Only the apical cell divides, whereas subapical cells remain in G1, and cell surface growth is highly restricted to the tip of the apical cell. Hgc1, a hypha-specific, G1 cyclin-like protein, is essential for hyphal development. Here, we report, using indirect immunofluorescence, that Hgc1 is preferentially localized to the dividing apical cells of hyphae. Hgc1 protein is rapidly

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Hazan, Idit, Marisa Sepulveda-Becerra, and Haoping Liu. "Hyphal Elongation Is Regulated Independently of Cell Cycle inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 1 (2002): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-03-0116.

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The mechanism for apical growth during hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans is unknown. Studies fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that cell morphogenesis may involve cell cycle regulation by cyclin-dependent kinase. To examine whether this is the mechanism for hyphal morphogenesis, the temporal appearance of different spindle pole body and spindle structures, the cell cycle-regulated rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, and the phosphorylation state of the conserved Tyr19 of Cdc28 during the cell cycle were compared and found to be similar between yeast and serum-induced hyphal api

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Su, Chang, Yandong Li, Yang Lu, and Jiangye Chen. "Mss11, a Transcriptional Activator, Is Required for Hyphal Development in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 11 (2009): 1780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00190-09.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans undergoes a morphological transition from yeast to hyphae in response to a variety of stimuli and growth conditions. We previously isolated a LisH domain containing transcription factor Flo8, which is essential for hyphal development in C. albicans. To search the putative binding partner of Flo8 in C. albicans, we identified C. albicans Mss11, a functional homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mss11, which also contains a LisH motif at its N terminus. C. albicans Mss11 can interact with Flo8 via the LisH motif by in vivo coimmunoprecipitation. The results of a chromatin

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Felk, Angelika, Marianne Kretschmar, Antje Albrecht, et al. "Candida albicans Hyphal Formation and the Expression of the Efg1-Regulated Proteinases Sap4 to Sap6 Are Required for the Invasion of Parenchymal Organs." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 7 (2002): 3689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.7.3689-3700.2002.

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ABSTRACT The ability to change between yeast and hyphal cells (dimorphism) is known to be a virulence property of the human pathogen Candida albicans. The pathogenesis of disseminated candidosis involves adhesion and penetration of hyphal cells from a colonized mucosal site to internal organs. Parenchymal organs, such as the liver and pancreas, are invaded by C. albicans wild-type hyphal cells between 4 and 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection of mice. In contrast, a hypha-deficient mutant lacking the transcription factor Efg1 was not able to invade or damage these organs. To investigat

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Fuchs, Uta, Isabel Manns, and Gero Steinberg. "Microtubules Are Dispensable for the Initial Pathogenic Development but Required for Long-Distance Hyphal Growth in the Corn Smut FungusUstilago maydis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 6 (2005): 2746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0176.

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Fungal pathogenicity often involves a yeast-to-hypha transition, but the structural basis for this dimorphism is largely unknown. Here we analyze the role of the cytoskeleton in early steps of pathogenic development in the corn pathogen Ustilago maydis. On the plant yeast-like cells recognize each other, undergo a cell cycle arrest, and form long conjugation hyphae, which fuse and give rise to infectious filaments. F-actin is essential for polarized growth at all these stages and for cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, F-actin participates in pheromone secretion, but not perception. Although U. may

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Liu, Guiqing, Li Cao, Xuehong Qiu, and Richou Han. "Quorum Sensing Activity and Hyphal Growth by External Stimuli in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis." Insects 11, no. 4 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040205.

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The entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis is one of the best known and most precious medicines and health food in China. The blastospores-hyphae (dimorphism) transition of this fungus in host hemolymph is critical for the virulence and the mummification of host larvae. To regulate this transition, the effects of inoculum density and fifteen chemicals including fungal nutrients, fungal metabolites, quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) and insect hormones on the dimorphism in O. sinensis were investigated in vitro. The blastospores tended to exhibit budding growth when inoculated at 107 bla

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10

Rida, Padmashree C. G., Akiko Nishikawa, Gena Y. Won, and Neta Dean. "Yeast-to-Hyphal Transition Triggers Formin-dependent Golgi Localization to the Growing Tip inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 10 (2006): 4364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0143.

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Rapid and long-distance secretion of membrane components is critical for hyphal formation in filamentous fungi, but the mechanisms responsible for polarized trafficking are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that in Candida albicans, the majority of the Golgi complex is redistributed to the distal region during hyphal formation. Randomly distributed Golgi puncta in yeast cells cluster toward the growing tip during hyphal formation, remain associated with the distal portion of the filament during its extension, and are almost absent from the cell body. This restricted Golgi localization

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Loeb, Jonathan D. J., Marisa Sepulveda-Becerra, Idit Hazan, and Haoping Liu. "A G1 Cyclin Is Necessary for Maintenance of Filamentous Growth in Candida albicans." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 6 (1999): 4019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.6.4019.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans undergoes a dramatic morphological transition in response to various growth conditions. This ability to switch from a yeast form to a hyphal form is required for its pathogenicity. The intractability of Candida to traditional genetic approaches has hampered the study of the molecular mechanism governing this developmental switch. Our approach is to use the more genetically tractable yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield clues about the molecular control of filamentation for further studies in Candida. G1 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2 have been implicated in the control of m

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Kornitzer, Daniel. "Regulation of Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis by Endogenous Signals." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5010021.

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Candida albicans is a human commensal fungus that is able to assume several morphologies, including yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal. Under a range of conditions, C. albicans performs a regulated switch to the filamentous morphology, characterized by the emergence of a germ tube from the yeast cell, followed by a mold-like growth of branching hyphae. This transition from yeast to hyphal growth has attracted particular attention, as it has been linked to the virulence of C. albicans as an opportunistic human pathogen. Signal transduction pathways that mediate the induction of the hyphal transcri

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Torres-Guzmán, J. C., and A. Domínguez. "HOY1, a homeo gene required for hyphal formation in Yarrowia lipolytica." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 11 (1997): 6283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.11.6283.

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The dimorphic fungus Yarrowia lipolytica grows to form hyphae either in rich media or in media with GlcNAc as a carbon source. A visual screening, called FIL (filamentation minus), for Y. lipolytica yeast growth mutants has been developed. The FIL screen was used to identify three Y. lipolytica genes that abolish hypha formation in all media assayed. Y. lipolytica HOY1, a gene whose deletion prevents the yeast-hypha transition both in liquid and solid media, was characterized. HOY1 is predicted to encode a 509-amino-acid protein with a homeodomain homologous to that found in the chicken Hox4.8

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Lane, Shelley, Song Zhou, Ting Pan, Qian Dai, and Haoping Liu. "The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Cph2 Regulates Hyphal Development in CandidaalbicansPartly via Tec1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 19 (2001): 6418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.19.6418-6428.2001.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans undergoes a morphogenetic switch from budding yeast to hyphal growth form in response to a variety of stimuli and growth conditions. Multiple signaling pathways, including a Cph1-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and an Efg1-mediated cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway, regulate the transition. Here we report the identification of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor of the Myc subfamily (Cph2) by its ability to promote pseudohyphal growth inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Like sterol response element binding protein 1, Cph2 has a Tyr instead of a c

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15

Shareck, Julie, André Nantel, and Pierre Belhumeur. "Conjugated Linoleic Acid Inhibits Hyphal Growth in Candida albicans by Modulating Ras1p Cellular Levels and Downregulating TEC1 Expression." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 4 (2011): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00305-10.

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ABSTRACTThe polymorphic yeastCandida albicansexists in yeast and filamentous forms. Given that the morphogenetic switch coincides with the expression of many virulence factors, the yeast-to-hypha transition constitutes an attractive target for the development of new antifungal agents. Since an untapped therapeutic potential resides in small molecules that hinderC. albicansfilamentation, we characterized the inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hyphal growth and addressed its mechanism of action. CLA inhibited hyphal growth in a dose-dependent fashion in both liquid and solid

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Kinnaer, Cassandre, Omaya Dudin, and Sophie G. Martin. "Yeast-to-hypha transition ofSchizosaccharomyces japonicusin response to environmental stimuli." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 8 (2019): 975–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0774.

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Many fungal species are dimorphic, exhibiting both unicellular yeast-like and filamentous forms. Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, a member of the fission yeast clade, is one such dimorphic fungus. Here, we first identify fruit extracts as natural, stress-free, starvation-independent inducers of filamentation, which we use to describe the properties of the dimorphic switch. During the yeast-to-hypha transition, the cell evolves from a bipolar to a unipolar system with 10-fold accelerated polarized growth but constant width, vacuoles segregated to the nongrowing half of the cell, and hyper-lengthe

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Whitbread, Fraser, R. Larry Peterson, and Terry P. McGonigle. "Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in commercial production." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (1996): 1104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-135.

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Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) roots collected from 1st year seedlings and 3-year-old plants on three commercial farms were colonized by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Roots collected from ginseng plants in a managed maple–beech woodlot were also colonized by VAM fungi. Fungal hyphae entered roots either directly through root hairs or by forming appressoria on the surface of epidermal cells from which penetration hyphae formed. Hyphae colonized roots by passing intracellularly through cortical cells. Hyphal coils, from which arbuscular branches formed, were typical of

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Toenjes, Kurt A., Suzanne M. Munsee, Ashraf S. Ibrahim, Rachel Jeffrey, John E. Edwards, and Douglas I. Johnson. "Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Budded-to-Hyphal-Form Transition in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 3 (2005): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.3.963-972.2005.

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ABSTRACT The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans can exist in multiple morphological states, including budded, pseudohyphal, and true hyphal forms. The ability to convert between the budded and hyphal forms, termed the budded-to-hyphal-form transition, is important for virulence and is regulated by multiple environmental and cellular signals. To identify inhibitors of this morphological transition, a microplate-based morphological assay was developed. With this assay, the known actin-inhibiting drugs latrunculin-A and jasplakinolide were shown to inhibit the transition in a dose-dependent and re

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Furuya, Kanji, and Hironori Niki. "The DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulates a Transition between Yeast and Hyphal Growth in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 12 (2010): 2909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00049-10.

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ABSTRACT Dimorphic yeasts change between unicellular growth and filamentous growth. Many dimorphic yeasts species are pathogenic for humans and plants, being infectious as invasive hypha. We have studied the determinants of the dimorphic switch in the nonpathogenic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, which is evolutionarily close to the well-characterized fission yeast S. pombe. We report that camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, reversibly induced the unicellular to hyphal transition in S. japonicus at low concentrations of camptothecin that did not induce checkpoint arrest

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Wakade, Rohan S., and Damian J. Krysan. "The Cbk1-Ace2 axis guides Candida albicans from yeast to hyphae and back again." Current Genetics 67, no. 3 (2021): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01152-1.

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AbstractSince its description in S. cerevisiae, the Regulation of Ace2 and Morphogenesis (RAM) pathway has been studied for nearly 20 years in multiple model and pathogenic fungi. In pathogenic fungi, the RAM pathway carries out many functions through mechanisms that remain to be defined in detail. Recently, we reported that Cbk1-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ace2 functions to repress the hyphae-to-yeast transition in Candida albicans. This transition is understudied relative to the yeast-to-hyphae transition. Subapical hyphal cell compartments are arrested in G1 until t

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Walther, A., and J. Wendland. "Polarized Hyphal Growth in Candida albicans Requires the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Homolog Wal1p." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 2 (2004): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.2.471-482.2004.

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ABSTRACT The yeast-to-hypha transition is a key feature in the cell biology of the dimorphic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is required for this dimorphic switch in Candida. We show that C. albicans WAL1 mutants with both copies of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) homolog deleted do not form hyphae under all inducing conditions tested. Growth of the wild-type and wal1 mutant strains was monitored by in vivo time-lapse microscopy both during yeast-like growth and under hypha-inducing conditions. Isotropic bud growth produced round wal

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Nantel, André, Daniel Dignard, Catherine Bachewich, et al. "Transcription Profiling ofCandida albicansCells Undergoing the Yeast-to-Hyphal Transition." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 10 (2002): 3452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-05-0272.

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The ability of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans to switch from a yeast to a hyphal morphology in response to external signals is implicated in its pathogenicity. We used glass DNA microarrays to investigate the transcription profiles of 6333 predicted ORFs in cells undergoing this transition and their responses to changes in temperature and culture medium. We have identified several genes whose transcriptional profiles are similar to those of known virulence factors that are modulated by the switch to hyphal growth caused by addition of serum and a 37°C growth temperature. Time course an

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Sato, Tatsuki, Hisashi Hoshida, and Rinji Akada. "Inhibition of Distinct Proline- or N-Acetylglucosamine-Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in Candida albicans." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7245782.

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Candida albicans undergoes a yeast-to-hyphal transition that has been recognized as a virulence property as well as a turning point leading to biofilm formation associated with candidiasis. It is known that yeast-to-hyphal transition is induced under complex environmental conditions including temperature (above 35°C), pH (greater than 6.5), CO2, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), amino acids, RPMI-1640 synthetic culture medium, and blood serum. To identify the hyphal induction factor in the RPMI-1640 medium, we examined each component of RPMI-1640 and established a simple hyphal induction condition

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Huang, Zhen-Xing, Haitao Wang, Yan-Ming Wang, and Yue Wang. "Novel Mechanism Coupling Cyclic AMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling and Golgi Trafficking via Gyp1 Phosphorylation in Polarized Growth." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 12 (2014): 1548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00231-14.

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ABSTRACT The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling activates virulence expression during hyphal development in the fungal human pathogen Candida albicans . The hyphal growth is characterized by Golgi polarization toward the hyphal tips, which is thought to enhance directional vesicle transport. However, how the hypha-induction signal regulates Golgi polarization is unknown. Gyp1, a Golgi-associated protein and the first GTPase-activating protein (GAP) in the Rab GAP cascade, critically regulates membrane trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Here, we r

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Gow, N. A. R., B. Hube, D. A. Bailey, et al. "Genes associated with dimorphism and virulence of Candida albicans." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-264.

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Strategies for the analysis of a range of Candida albicans genes, whose expression is regulated during the yeast to hyphal transition (dimorphism), including genes encoding putative virulence factors, are reviewed. To help discriminate among genes whose products were the cause or consequence of dimorphism, temporal changes in the levels of the mRNAs of these and other genes were examined by northern analysis. The mRNA levels of most genes that were examined increased or decreased, transiently or persistently indicating complex alterations in gene expression during morphogenesis. Genes encoding

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Carlisle, Patricia L., and David Kadosh. "Candida albicans Ume6, a Filament-Specific Transcriptional Regulator, Directs Hyphal Growth via a Pathway Involving Hgc1 Cyclin-Related Protein." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 9 (2010): 1320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00046-10.

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ABSTRACT The ability of Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, to transition from yeast to hyphae is essential for pathogenicity. While a variety of transcription factors important for filamentation have been identified and characterized, links between transcriptional regulators of C. albicans morphogenesis and molecular mechanisms that drive hyphal growth are not well defined. We have previously observed that constitutive expression of UME6, which encodes a filament-specific transcriptional regulator, is sufficient to direct hyphal growth in the absence of filament-inducing

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vandenBerg, Alysia L., Ashraf S. Ibrahim, John E. Edwards, Kurt A. Toenjes, and Douglas I. Johnson. "Cdc42p GTPase Regulates the Budded-to-Hyphal-Form Transition and Expression of Hypha-Specific Transcripts in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 3 (2004): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.3.724-734.2004.

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ABSTRACT The yeast Candida albicans is a major opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised individuals. It can grow in several distinct morphological states, including budded and hyphal forms, and the ability to make the dynamic transition between these forms is strongly correlated with virulence. Recent studies implicating the Cdc42p GTPase in hypha formation relied on cdc42 mutations that affected the mitotic functions of the protein, thereby precluding any substantive conclusions about the specific role of Cdc42p in the budded-to-hypha-form transition and virulence. Therefore, we took advan

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Porta, Amalia, Ana M. Ramon, and William A. Fonzi. "PRR1, a Homolog of Aspergillus nidulans palF, Controls pH-Dependent Gene Expression and Filamentation inCandida albicans." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 24 (1999): 7516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.24.7516-7523.1999.

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ABSTRACT The pH of the environment has been implicated in controlling the yeast-hypha transition and pathogenesis of Candida albicans. Several C. albicans genes, includingPHR1 and PHR2, are pH dependent in their expression. To investigate the mechanism of pH-dependent expression, we have cloned and characterized PRR1 (for pH response regulator). PRR1 is homologous to palF, a component of the pH response pathway in Aspergillus nidulans. Expression of PRR1 was itself pH dependent, being maximal at acid pH but reduced severalfold at alkaline pH. In aprr1 null mutant the alkaline-induced expressio

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Ha, Kien C., and Theodore C. White. "Effects of Azole Antifungal Drugs on the Transition from Yeast Cells to Hyphae in Susceptible and Resistant Isolates of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 4 (1999): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.4.763.

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ABSTRACT Oral infections caused by the yeast Candida albicansare some of the most frequent and earliest opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The widespread use of azole antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug resistance, creating a major problem in the treatment of yeast infections in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals. Several molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance have been identified. InC. albicans, the ability to morphologically switch from yeast cells (blastospores) to filamentous forms (hyphae) is an i

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Ditkowski, Bartosz, Neil Holmes, Joanna Rydzak, et al. "Dynamic interplay of ParA with the polarity protein, Scy, coordinates the growth with chromosome segregation in Streptomyces coelicolor." Open Biology 3, no. 3 (2013): 130006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130006.

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Prior to bacterial cell division, the ATP-dependent polymerization of the cytoskeletal protein, ParA, positions the newly replicated origin-proximal region of the chromosome by interacting with ParB complexes assembled on parS sites located close to the origin. During the formation of unigenomic spores from multi-genomic aerial hyphae compartments of Streptomyces coelicolor , ParA is developmentally triggered to form filaments along the hyphae; this promotes the accurate and synchronized segregation of tens of chromosomes into prespore compartments. Here, we show that in addition to being a se

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Wooten, David J., Jorge Gómez Tejeda Zañudo, David Murrugarra, et al. "Mathematical modeling of the Candida albicans yeast to hyphal transition reveals novel control strategies." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (2021): e1008690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008690.

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Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is a significant cause of human infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Phenotypic plasticity between two morphological phenotypes, yeast and hyphae, is a key mechanism by which C. albicans can thrive in many microenvironments and cause disease in the host. Understanding the decision points and key driver genes controlling this important transition and how these genes respond to different environmental signals is critical to understanding how C. albicans causes infections in the host. Here we build and analyze a Boolean dyn

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Goyard, Sophie, Philipp Knechtle, Murielle Chauvel, et al. "The Yak1 Kinase Is Involved in the Initiation and Maintenance of Hyphal Growth inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 5 (2008): 2251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0960.

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Members of the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase (DYRK) family perform a variety of functions in eukaryotes. We used gene disruption, targeted pharmacologic inhibition, and genome-wide transcriptional profiling to dissect the function of the Yak1 DYRK in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. C. albicans strains with mutant yak1 alleles showed defects in the yeast-to-hypha transition and in maintaining hyphal growth. They also could not form biofilms. Despite their in vitro filamentation defect, C. albicans yak1Δ/yak1Δ mutants remained virulent in animal models

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Alvarez, Francisco J., and James B. Konopka. "Identification of anN-Acetylglucosamine Transporter That Mediates Hyphal Induction inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 3 (2007): 965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0931.

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The sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) plays an important role in nutrient sensing and cellular regulation in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to humans. In the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, GlcNAc induces a morphological transition from budding to hyphal growth. Proteomic comparison of plasma membrane proteins from buds and from hyphae induced by GlcNAc identified a novel hyphal protein (Ngt1) with similarity to the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. An Ngt1-GFP fusion was detected in the plasma membrane after induction with GlcNAc, but not other related sugars. Ngt1-GF

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Hurtado, Cleofe A. R., and Richard A. Rachubinski. "MHY1 Encodes a C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein That Promotes Dimorphic Transition in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 10 (1999): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.10.3051-3057.1999.

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ABSTRACT The yeast-to-hypha morphological transition (dimorphism) is typical of many pathogenic fungi. Dimorphism has been attributed to changes in temperature and nutritional status and is believed to constitute a mechanism of response to adverse conditions. We have isolated and characterized a gene, MHY1, whose transcription is dramatically increased during the yeast-to-hypha transition inYarrowia lipolytica. Deletion of MHY1 is viable and has no effect on mating, but it does result in a complete inability of cells to undergo mycelial growth. MHY1 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein, Mhy

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Park, Young-Un, Hyangsuk Hur, Minhan Ka, and Jinmi Kim. "Identification of Translational Regulation Target Genes during Filamentous Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Regulatory Role of Caf20 and Dhh1." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 12 (2006): 2120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00121-06.

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ABSTRACT The dimorphic transition of yeast to the hyphal form is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Signaling pathway-responsive transcription factors such as Ste12, Tec1, and Flo8 are known to mediate filamentation-specific transcription. We were interested in investigating the translational regulation of specific mRNAs during the yeast-to-hyphal-form transition. Using polyribosome fractionation and RT-PCR analysis, we identified STE12, GPA2, and CLN1 as translation regulation target genes during fi

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Baker, Carol A., Kevin Desrosiers, and Joseph W. Dolan. "Propranolol Inhibits Hyphal Development in Candida albicans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 11 (2002): 3617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.11.3617-3620.2002.

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ABSTRACT Propranolol was used to investigate the role of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol in the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans. Propranolol was able to inhibit the appearance of germ tubes without decreasing growth rate. Data suggest that inhibition of morphogenesis may be due to binding by propranolol of PA derived from PLD1 hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.

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Chow, Eve Wai Ling, Li Mei Pang, and Yue Wang. "From Jekyll to Hyde: The Yeast–Hyphal Transition of Candida albicans." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070859.

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Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, accounting for 15% of nosocomial infections with an estimated attributable mortality of 47%. C. albicans is usually a benign member of the human microbiome in healthy people. Under constant exposure to highly dynamic environmental cues in diverse host niches, C. albicans has successfully evolved to adapt to both commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. The ability of C. albicans to undergo a reversible morphological transition from yeast to filamentous forms is a well-established virulent trait. Over the past few decades, a significant amount

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Kaufmann, Andreas, and Peter Philippsen. "Of Bars and Rings: Hof1-Dependent Cytokinesis in Multiseptated Hyphae of Ashbya gossypii." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 3 (2008): 771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01150-08.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed the development of multiple septa in elongated multinucleated cells (hyphae) of the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii in which septation is apparently uncoupled from nuclear cycles. A key player for this compartmentalization is the PCH protein Hof1. Hyphae that are lacking this protein form neither actin rings nor septa but still elongate at wild-type speed. Using in vivo fluorescence microscopy, we present for the first time the coordination of cytokinesis and septation in multiseptated and multinucleated cells. Hof1, the type II myosin Myo1, the landmark protein Bud

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Peters, Brian M., Glen E. Palmer, Andrea K. Nash, Elizabeth A. Lilly, Paul L. Fidel, and Mairi C. Noverr. "Fungal Morphogenetic Pathways Are Required for the Hallmark Inflammatory Response during Candida albicans Vaginitis." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 2 (2013): 532–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01417-13.

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ABSTRACTVulvovaginal candidiasis, caused primarily byCandida albicans, presents significant health issues for women of childbearing age. As a polymorphic fungus, the ability ofC. albicansto switch between yeast and hyphal morphologies is considered its central virulence attribute. Armed with new criteria for defining vaginitis immunopathology, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the yeast-to-hypha transition is required for the hallmark inflammatory responses previously characterized during murine vaginitis. Kinetic analyses of vaginal infection withC. albicansin C57BL/6 mice de

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Paramonova, Ekaterina, Bastiaan P. Krom, Henny C. van der Mei, Henk J. Busscher, and Prashant K. Sharma. "Hyphal content determines the compression strength of Candida albicans biofilms." Microbiology 155, no. 6 (2009): 1997–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.021568-0.

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Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated human fungal pathogen among species causing biofilm-related clinical infections. Mechanical properties of Candida biofilms have hitherto been given no attention, despite the fact that mechanical properties are important for selection of treatment or dispersal of biofilm organisms due to a bodily fluid flow. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that determine the compression strength of Candida biofilms. Biofilms of C. albicans wild-type parental strain Caf2-1, mutant strain Chk24 lacking Chk1p [known to be involved in regulation of

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Wang, Yanyan, Xinli Wei, Zhuyun Bian, Jiangchun Wei, and Jin-Rong Xu. "Coregulation of dimorphism and symbiosis by cyclic AMP signaling in the lichenized fungusUmbilicaria muhlenbergii." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (2020): 23847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005109117.

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Umbilicaria muhlenbergiiis the only known dimorphic lichenized fungus that grows in the hyphal form in lichen thalli but as yeast cells in axenic cultures. However, the regulation of yeast-to-hypha transition and its relationship to the establishment of symbiosis are not clear. In this study, we show that nutrient limitation and hyperosmotic stress trigger the dimorphic change inU. muhlenbergii. Contact with algal cells of its photobiontTrebouxia jamesiiinduced pseudohyphal growth. Treatments with the cAMP diphosphoesterase inhibitor IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) induced pseudohyphal/hyph

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Jensen, Ellen C., Jacob M. Hornby, Nicole E. Pagliaccetti, Chuleeon M. Wolter, Kenneth W. Nickerson, and Audrey L. Atkin. "Farnesol restores wild-type colony morphology to 96% of Candida albicans colony morphology variants recovered following treatment with mutagens." Genome 49, no. 4 (2006): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-117.

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Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that undergoes a morphological transition between budding yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal forms. The morphological transition is strongly correlated with virulence and is regulated in part by quorum sensing. Candida albicans produces and secretes farnesol that regulates the yeast to mycelia morphological transition. Mutants that fail to synthesize or respond to farnesol could be locked in the filamentous mode. To test this hypothesis, a collection of C. albicans mutants were isolated that have altered colony morphologies indicative of the presence of hyphal

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Nadeem, Sayyada Ghufrana, and Aiman Pirzada. "Nutritional and environmental factors affecting the morphogenesis of Candida albicans: A key to virulence." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 10 (2018): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051011.

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Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that plays an important role in the early part of infectious process by extravagating and disseminating to the target organs, whereas hyphal forms appear to be required for the mortality resulting from a deep-seated infection. C. albicans morphogenesis is regulated by numerous environmental cues and other signaling pathways. We investigated the morphogenesis in C. albicans in the presence of serum at different temperatures (20 oC, 30 oC and 37 oC). C. albicans were also grown in simple growth medium 'SDB' and subsequently cultured from Fetal

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Toenjes, Kurt A., Benjamin C. Stark, Krista M. Brooks, and Douglas I. Johnson. "Inhibitors of cellular signalling are cytotoxic or block the budded-to-hyphal transition in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 6 (2009): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.006841-0.

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The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans can grow in multiple morphological states including budded, pseudohyphal and true hyphal forms. The ability to interconvert between budded and hyphal forms, herein termed the budded-to-hyphal transition (BHT), is important for C. albicans virulence, and is regulated by multiple environmental and cellular signals. To identify small-molecule inhibitors of known cellular processes that can also block the BHT, a microplate-based morphological assay was used to screen the BIOMOL–Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology (ICCB) Known Bioactives collection from the

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Saputo, Sarah, Anuj Kumar, and Damian J. Krysan. "Efg1 Directly Regulates ACE2 Expression To Mediate Cross Talk between the cAMP/PKA and RAM Pathways during Candida albicans Morphogenesis." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 9 (2014): 1169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00148-14.

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ABSTRACT The cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and r egulation of A ce2 and m orphogenesis (RAM) pathways are important regulators of the yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans that interact genetically during this process. To further understand this interaction, we have characterized the expression of ACE2 during morphogenesis. In normoxic, planktonic conditions, ACE2 expression is very low in stationary-phase cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. Upon shifting to Spider medium, ACE2/ Ace2p levels increase. Although Ace2 is not absolutely required for hypha formation, ace2 Δ/

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Phadke, Sujal S., Marianna Feretzaki, and Joseph Heitman. "Unisexual Reproduction Enhances Fungal Competitiveness by Promoting Habitat Exploration via Hyphal Growth and Sporulation." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 8 (2013): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00147-13.

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ABSTRACT Unisexual reproduction is a novel homothallic sexual cycle recently discovered in both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous pathogenic fungi. It is a form of selfing that induces the yeast-to-hyphal dimorphic transition in isolates of the α mating type of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans . Unisexual reproduction may benefit the pathogen by facilitating sexual reproduction in the absence of the opposite a mating type and by generating infectious propagules called basidiospores. Here, we report an independent potential selective advantage of unisexual reproduction beyond ge

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Maidan, Mykola M., Larissa De Rop, Joke Serneels та ін. "The G Protein-coupled Receptor Gpr1 and the Gα Protein Gpa2 Act through the cAMP-Protein Kinase A Pathway to Induce Morphogenesis inCandida albicans". Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, № 4 (2005): 1971–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0780.

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We investigated the role in cell morphogenesis and pathogenicity of the Candida albicans GPR1 gene, encoding the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr1. Deletion of C. albicans GPR1 has only minor effects in liquid hypha-inducing media but results in strong defects in the yeast-to-hypha transition on solid hypha-inducing media. Addition of cAMP, expression of a constitutively active allele of the Gα protein Gpa2 or of the catalytic protein kinase A subunit TPK1 restores the wild-type phenotype of the CaGPR1-deleted strain. Overexpression of HST7, encoding a component of the mitogen-activated protein

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Sharma, Yamini, Sumit Kumar Rastogi, Ahmad Perwez, Moshahid Alam Rizvi та Nikhat Manzoor. "β-citronellol alters cell surface properties of Candida albicans to influence pathogenicity related traits". Medical Mycology 58, № 1 (2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz009.

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Abstract The pathogenicity of Candida albicans, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, is attributed to several virulence factors. β-citronellol is a monoterpenoid present in several plant essential oils. The present study explores the antifungal potential and mode of action of β-citronellol against C. albicans ATCC 90028 (standard), C. albicans D-27 (FLC-sensitive), and C. albicans S-1 (FLC-resistant). Anti-Candida potential was studied by performing MIC, MFC, growth curves, disc diffusion, spot assay, and WST1 cytotoxic assay. Morphological transition was monitored microscopically in both s

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Csank, Csilla, Constantin Makris, Sylvain Meloche, et al. "Derepressed Hyphal Growth and Reduced Virulence in a VH1 Family-related Protein Phosphatase Mutant of the Human PathogenCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 12 (1997): 2539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.12.2539.

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Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are pivotal components of eukaryotic signaling cascades. Phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues activates MAP kinases, but either dual-specificity or monospecificity phosphatases can inactivate them. The Candida albicans CPP1 gene, a structural member of the VH1 family of dual- specificity phosphatases, was previously cloned by its ability to block the pheromone response MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cpp1p inactivated mammalian MAP kinases in vitro and acted as a tyrosine-specific enzyme. In C. albicansa MAP kinase cascade c

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Hurtado, Cleofe A. R., Jean-Marie Beckerich, Claude Gaillardin, and Richard A. Rachubinski. "A Rac Homolog Is Required for Induction of Hyphal Growth in the Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 9 (2000): 2376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.9.2376-2386.2000.

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ABSTRACT Dimorphism in fungi is believed to constitute a mechanism of response to adverse conditions and represents an important attribute for the development of virulence by a number of pathogenic fungal species. We have isolated YlRAC1, a gene encoding a 192-amino-acid protein that is essential for hyphal growth in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and which represents the first Rac homolog described for fungi. YlRAC1 is not an essential gene, and its deletion does not affect the ability to mate or impair actin polarization in Y. lipolytica. However, strains lacking functional YlRAC1 s

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