Academic literature on the topic 'Hyphen sign'

Pontine gliomas-also known as diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG)-primarily occur in children and typically present subacutely with a combination of cranial nerve palsies associated with long track signs including hyper-reflexia in the legs, positive Babinski responses, and cerebellar signs. On imaging they typically appear as intrinsic mass lesions within the pons. Treatment with radiation can prolong the course of from months to years but the tumors are rarely curable. Chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy targeted at specific signaling pathways has shown only modest impact on su

Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the lysosomal galactocerebrosidase (galactosyl ceramidase) gene. Krabbe disease usually presents as a severe leukodystrophy in early infancy and childhood. In contrast, adult patients usually present with progressive spastic paraparesis. Other signs of the disease include peripheral neuropathy, dysarthria, cerebellar ataxia, pes cavus deep sensory signs, tongue atrophy, optic neuropathy, cognitive decline. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration is moderately increased in a

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, in which vascular dysfunction plays a prominent role. It occurs in over 30% of adults worldwide and an additional 30% are at high risk of developing the disease. Vascular pathology is both a cause of the disease and a key manifestation of hypertension-associated target-organ damage. It leads to clinical symptoms and is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. All layers of the vascular wall and the endothelium are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Pathogenetic mechanisms, whereby vascular damage contributes to hypertension, are linked

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living t

Martina Schönbächler widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie sich die traditionsreiche Organismus-Metaphorik für Personenarchive in einem Konzept der »Autorenbibliothek« weiterentwickeln lässt, welches die Autor*in als lesendes, schreibendes Individuum aus seinem Zentrum rückt. An die Vorstellung des Stoffwechsels anschließend, lassen sich der (körperliche, geistige, soziale) Mensch sowie die Privatbibliothek als Stoffsammlung (im physischen und übertragenen Sinn) als Faktoren innerhalb eines Hyper-Metabolismus denken, der von materiellen und immateriellen Logiken und Affordanzen bestimmt ist. Die Kreisläufigkeit von Textverarbeitung und -produktion; die soziale und intertextuelle Vernetzung in der Bibliothek; sowie die rhizomatischer Funktionsweise einer sich aus wechselnden Akteuren und Aktanten zusammensetzenden Autorinstanz überführt der Beitrag in die Metapher des Pilzmyzels.

AbstractMost of Eriksen’s research over the years has somehow or other dealt with the local implications of globalization. He has looked at ethnic dynamics, the challenges of forging national identities, creolization and cosmopolitanism, the legacies of plantation societies and, more recently, climate change in the era of ‘accelerated acceleration’. Here we want to talk not just about cultural diversity and not just look at biological diversity, but both, because he believes that there are some important pattern resemblances between biological and cultural diversity. And many of the same forces militate against that and threaten to create a flattened world with less diversity, less difference. And, obviously, there is a concern for the future. We need to have an open ended future with different options, maximum flexibility and the current situation with more homogenization. We live in a time when there are important events taking place, too, from climate change to environmental destruction, and we need to do something about that. In order to show options and possibilities for the future, we have to focus on diversity because complex problems need diverse answers.Martina: I would like to start with a passion of mine to get into one of your main research themes: diversity. I’m a Marvel fan and, what is emerging, is a reduction of what Marvel has always been about: diversity in comics. There seems to be a standardization that reduces the specificity of each superhero and so it seems that everyone is the same in a kind of indifference of difference. So in this hyper-diversity, I think there is also a reduction of diversity. Do you see something similar in your studies as well?Thomas: It’s a great example, and it could be useful to look briefly at the history of thought about diversity and the way in which it’s suddenly come onto the agenda in a huge way. If you take a look at the number of journal articles about diversity and related concepts, the result is stunning. Before 1990, the concept was not much used. In the last 30 years or so, it’s positively exploded. You now find massive research on biodiversity, cultural diversity, agro-biodiversity, biocultural diversity, indigenous diversity and so on. You’ll also notice that the growth curve has this ‘overheating shape’ indicating exponential growth in the use of the terms. And why is this? Well, I think this has something to do with what Hegel described when he said that ‘the owl of Minerva flies at dusk,’ which is to say that it is only when a phenomenon is being threatened or even gone that it catches widespread attention. Regarding diversity, we may be witnessing this mechanism. The extreme interest in diversity talk since around 1990 is largely a result of its loss which became increasingly noticeable since the beginning of the overheating years in the early 1990s. So many things happened at the same time, more or less. I was just reminded yesterday of the fact that Nelson Mandela was released almost exactly a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. There were many major events taking place, seemingly independently of each other, in different parts of the world. This has something to do with what you’re talking about, because yes, I think you’re right, there has been a reduction of many kinds of diversity.So when we speak of superdiversity, which we do sometimes in migration studies (Vertovec, 2023), we’re really mainly talking about people who are diverse in the same ways, or rather people who are diverse in compatible ways. They all fit into the template of modernity. So the big paradox here of identity politics is that it expresses similarity more than difference. It’s not really about cultural difference because they rely on a shared language for talking about cultural difference. So in other words, in order to show how different you are from everybody else, you first have to become quite similar. Otherwise, there is a real risk that we’d end up like Ludwig Wittgenstein’s lion. In Philosophical Investigations (Wittgenstein, 1983), he remarks that if a lion could talk, we wouldn’t understand what it was saying. Lévi-Strauss actually says something similar in Tristes Tropiques (Lévi-Strauss, 1976) where he describes meeting an Amazonian people, I think it was the Nambikwara, who are so close that he could touch them, and yet it is as though there were a glass wall between them. That’s real diversity. It’s different in a way that makes translation difficult. And it’s another world. It’s a different ontology.These days, I’m reading a book by Leslie Bank and Nellie Sharpley about the Coronavirus pandemic in South Africa (Bank & Sharpley, 2022), and there are rural communities in the Eastern Cape which don’t trust biomedicine, so many refuse vaccinations. They resist it. They don’t trust it. Perhaps they trust traditional remedies slightly more. This was and is the situation with HIV-AIDS as well. This is a kind of diversity which is understandable and translateable, yet fundamental. You know, there are really different ways in which we see the Cosmos and the universe. So if you take the Marvel films, they’ve really sort of renovated and renewed the superhero phenomenon, which was almost dead when they began to revive it. As a kid around 1970, I was an avid reader of Superman and Batman. I also read a lot of Donald Duck and incidentally, a passion for i paperi and the Donald/Paperino universe is one curious commonality between Italy and Norway. Anyway, with the superheroes, everybody was very white. They represented a the white, conservative version of America. In the renewed Marvel universe, there are lots of literally very strong women, who are independent agents and not just pretty appendages to the men as they had often been in the past. You also had people with different cultural and racial identities. The Black Panther of Wakanda and all the mythology which went with it are very popular in many African countries. It’s huge in Nigeria, for example, and seems to add to the existing diversity. But then again, as we were saying and as you observed, these characters are diverse in comparable within a uniform framework, a pretty rigid cultural grammar which presupposes individualism: there are no very deep cultural differences in the way they see the world. So that’s the new kind of diversity, which really consists more of talking about diversity than being diverse. I should add that the superdiversity perspective is very useful, and I have often drawn on it myself in research on cultural complexity. But it remains framed within the language of modernity.Martina: What you just said makes me think of contradictory dimensions that are, however, held together by the same gaze. How is it that your approach helps hold together processes that nevertheless tell us the same thing about the concept of diversity?Thomas: When we talk about diversity, it may be fruitful to look at it from a different angle. We could look at traditional knowledge and bodily skills among indigenous peoples, for example, and ideas about nature and the afterlife. Typically, some would immediately object that this is wrong and we are right and they should learn science and should go to school, period. But that’s not the point when we approach them as scholars, because then we try to understand their worlds from within and you realize that this world is experienced and perceived in ways which are quite different from ours. One of the big debates in anthropology for a number of years now has concerned the relationship between culture and nature after Lévi-Strauss, the greatest anthropological theorist of the last century. His view was that all cultures have a clear distinction between culture and nature, which is allegedly a universal way of creating order. This view has been challenged by people who have done serious ethnographic work on the issue, from my Oslo colleague Signe Howell’s work in Malaysia to studies in Melanesia, but perhaps mainly in the Amazon, where anthropologists argue that there are many ways of conceptualising the relationship between humans and everything else. Many of these world-views are quite ecological in character. They see us as participants in the same universe as other animals, plants and even rocks and rivers, and might point out that ‘the land does not belong to us – we belong to the land’. That makes for a very different relationship to nature than the predatory, exploitative form typical of capitalist modernity. In other words, in these cultural worlds, there is no clear boundary between us humans and non-humans. If you go in that direction, you will discover that in fact, cultural diversity is about much more than giving rights to minorities and celebrating National Day in different ethnic costumes, or even establishing religious tolerance. That way of talking about diversity is useful, but it should not detract attention from deeper and older forms of diversity.

Abstract The en dash is longer than a hyphen but shorter than the em dash. It has uses, but before we go any further, I’m going to make a shocking confession: I’ve never used an en dash. You may not need to either, because, except in published texts, it’s normally okay to use a hyphen instead. Newspapers typically use hyphens, not en dashes. The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage tells journalists not to use the en dash, except as a minus sign. But in other types of published work, en dashes are a sign of careful editing. If a publisher accepts your work, it’s certainly good to apply the guidelines below to put en dashes in your typescript. But, as one veteran editor at a university press told me, if the copy editor replaces your hyphens with en dashes when appropriate, you probably don’t need to worry too much about doing it.

Abstract The epigraph to this essay traces parallel lines from lineage to culture to exile to desire (for redemption), but the vantage point in Joyce’s most modernist of texts is purposely retrospect. With modernity added as a fifth element to Joyce’s cultural itinerary, and with American blacks and American Jews standing in for Hebrews and Gaels, the trajectories marked out by the five texts I discuss in this essay become visible. The Rise of David Levinsky, by Abraham Cahan; The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, by James Weldon Johnson; Passing, by Nella Larsen; and “Soap and Water” and “Children of Loneliness,” by Anzia Yezierska: each of these fictions offers a study in ethnic erasure and self-fashioning. In each, what classical poetics calls recognition—albeit amplified from plot lineaments to the thematic and the political—takes the form of that small mark either linking (hyphen) or subtracting (minus sign) “American” to and from ethnoracial identity-the sign that one’s people is inflected by modernity. Though the mark itself is actually visible only in the case of the Ex-Colored Man—it hyphenates his very name—it plays no less a constitutive role for the protagonists of the other fictions in as much as they ride or pass under its sign.

One of the most common complications of filtering surgery is postoperative anterior chamber bleeding, or hyphema. Rates of postoperative hyphema in the literature vary, but have been reported to be up to 53%. However, recent data from the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study found that postoperative hyphema occurred in only 8% of eyes (8 of 105 eyes), possibly a sign of improving surgical technique. The severity of hyphema after trabeculectomy varies greatly. Bleeding in the anterior chamber may be so mild that visual acuity and surgical outcome are unaffected. On the other hand, a total hyphema may obstruct the visual axis and potentially result in fibrosis and failure of the filtering procedure. Furthermore, some patients with glaucoma who require surgical intervention also have visual impairment or blindness in the fellow eye. Loss of vision from hyphema in the operated eye, even if only temporary, can be functionally, and possibly psychologically, debilitating to the patient. The first step in reducing the risk for hyphema is obtaining a good medical history. Does the patient have any bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia or thrombocytopenia? Is the patient taking any medications that interfere with clotting or platelet aggregation, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, and/or warfarin? The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy is associated with a higher incidence of hyphemas. Platelets stop bleeding by plugging the hole in the broken vessel wall. Alternatively, antiplatelet medications inhibit platelet aggregation and therefore prolong bleeding time. Aspirin permanently alters developing platelets, and therefore its antiplatelet effect lasts until the complete cohort of affected platelets is turned over, approximately 2 weeks. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit platelet aggregation in a manner similar to aspirin, but the effect is to existing circulating platelets only and wears off in 2–3 days. Ticlopidine (i.e., Ticlid; Roche Laboratories, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey) and clopidogrel (i.e., Plavix; Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals Partnership, Bridgewater, New Jersey) also affect platelet aggregation by binding to the P2Y , resulting in irreversible platelet inhibition.

By integrating automated driving systems (ADS) and AI-driven advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) like the traffic sign detection (TSD) technology, the automotive sector can develop smart and self-driving cars. Traffic signs (TS) play a crucial role in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion. Motorists need to understand the visual representations of various data elements incorporated in traffic symbols. There are often instances where drivers neglect TS located ahead of their vehicles, resulting in severe outcomes. This research offers an automatic TSD forecast utilising the hybrid deep belief network (HDBN) model for classification to address this issue. When it comes to forecasting the future world of smart urban cities, the given HDBN model primarily focuses on high-precision traffic prediction. The rider sunflower optimization (RSFO) technique is utilised to improve the hyper parameter tuning, which improves the overall effectiveness of the traffic flow prediction process. Overall, the suggested TSD system is found to be a highly efficient method of detecting TS, performing exceptionally well in relation to precision, recall, accuracy, and F1. The suggested solution under evaluation appears to perform better in terms of accuracy than other current methods stated in this chapter.

Redfield examines Tansey’s iconic “theory paintings,” in particular the famous picture which depicts Derrida and de Man poised together in an “ambiguous dance-struggle” on a precarious precipice above an abyss that invokes visual representations of the Romantic sublime. As Redfield puts it, “the space-time of Derrida and de Man’s impossible encounter is that of a difficult, ambivalently agonistic act of reading.” Redfield demonstrates that Tansey’s painting is something much more than a “sign of the times,” not merely a hyper-realist representation of “theory in America” circa 1990.

The James Bond films enact dilemmas posed by the paradoxical, split subjectivity of male spies under capitalism. Success and failure, sophistication and ignorance, knowledge and class, gender and sexuality, commercial targeting and viewing pleasure jumble together in a complex amalgam. A weird mix of hyper-bourgeois individualist, technocrat, and empty signifier, 007 can never relax, never truly know who he is, beyond being a shifting sign of impermanent state labor. His masculinity incarnates these paradoxes: often derided and celebrated for his brutality, Bond exemplifies less-than-conventional forms of life in his sexuality and identity.

Context: Arteriovenous dural fistulas are the most common spinal vascular malformations and constitute a reversible cause of progressive myelopathy. This disease affects elderly men and are classically found at the thoracolumbar region. Case report: A 69year-old man was admitted to the Neurology outpatient clinic with weakness in his left inferior limb for the past 10 years; 2 years before the evaluation, the weakness progressed also to the right inferior limb, causing inability to walk, and 1 year after the patient noticed urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Physical evaluation showe

The contemporary dynamics of trade flows in the conditions of market globalization, digitalization of society and hyper-inflation of technological achievements have imposed changes in traditional understandings of trade, but also in the legal regulation of trade relations, and even in the redefinition of some of the basic terms and elements of civil and commercial law. The need and goal to speed up sales, to realize international transactions and payments, was achieved by electronic contract signing. It is no longer necessary to send a contract by e-mail, print it, sign it and then send it aga

Introduction: Meningoencephalitis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a rare neurological entity, most often related to the latent reactivation of thevirus associated with immunosuppression. The clinic varies between encephalitis, meningitis, cerebellitis, neuritis and transverse myelitis. The prognosis is good, with 85% of patients returning to baseline levels. Case report: We attend to a 11-month-old male patient, proper neuropsychomotor development, with reports of fever and odynophagia, without improvement with antibiotic therapy. He had a focal epileptic seizure. Upon admission, he

Diabetic Retinopathy is a public health disease worldwide, which shows that around one percent of the population suffers from this disease. Likewise, another one percent of patients in the population suffer from this disease, but it is not diagnosed. It is estimated that, within three years, millions of people will suffer from this disease. This will increase the percentage of vascular, ophthalmological and neurological complications, which will translate into premature deaths and deterioration in the quality of life of patients. That is why we face a great challenge, which is to predict and d

Abstract Although mud pumps are critical rig equipment, their health monitoring currently still relies on human observation. This approach often fails to detect pump damage at an early stage, resulting in non-productive time (NPT) and increased well construction cost when pumps go down unexpectedly and catastrophically. Automated approaches to condition-based maintenance (CBM) of mud pumps to date have failed due to the lack of a generalized solution applicable to any pump type and/or operating conditions. This paper presents a field-validated generally applicable solution to mud pump CBM. Fie

Abstract To prevent body from injury during the hyper- and hypo-thermic therapy, knowledge of the temperature distribution in the body surface (e.g. skin or tissue) close to the therapy location is needed. In order to predict, by calculation, the correct temperature field, it is essential to input meaningful values of the thermal properties of the body surface into numerical and analytical simulation models of its behavior during heating or cooling. A simple experimental apparatus for measuring effective thermal conductivity of the body surface has been developed. It differs from the previousl