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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyphenated technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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1

Daram Sushma Reddy Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Unnava Jaya Surya, Utukuri Satish, Thulugu Dhanalakshmi, Yatavelli Koushit Reddy, and Yanamala Gopi Krishna. "Hyphenated technologies: Transforming analytical approaches with combined methodologies." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 14, no. 1 (2025): 1431–44. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.14.1.0210.

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The hyphenated technique was developed by combining a separation strategy with an on-line spectroscopic detection technology. Currently, a combination of a separation approach with a more sensitive detection technique is the most used method for determining the speciation of trace elements. Before the addition of a detection approach, such hyphenated techniques involved coupling the separation of a unique sample preparation offline. Currently, a separation method (chromatography) and an online spectroscopic detection method are combined to create the hyphenated technique. Over the past two decades, hyphenated analytical methods have undergone amazing advancements that have greatly expanded their applicability in the analysis of biomaterials, natural products, elemental species, explosives, trace elements, and other things. This article discusses recent developments in the use of various hyphenated techniques, such as GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, etc. in a variety of fields, including forensic science, the environment, biotechnology, the various hyphenated techniques, a brief note on their instrumentation and working principles that are used in the current setup of industries. Like-wise their remarkable improvement and efficiency over the past decade. Techniques like single quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-Q-MS), ICP- Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ), Liquid Chromatography-Two -dimensional Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (LC-GCXGC-MS/MS), Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), etc. are considered as recent improvements in this trend—geography, and pharmaceuticals, among others, with the use of relevant examples.

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2

Shounak, Mande*. "A Review Article on Hyphenated Techniques Used in Analytical Method and Development." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 2407–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762916.

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The hyphenated techniques refers to the combination or synthesis of distinct analytical methodologies. Spectroscopic techniques are mostly paired with chromatographic techniques. After that, an interphase will allow the mixture's separated components from the chromatographic approach to enter the spectroscopic technique. In GC-MS After separation from gas chromatography, ionization and mass spectrometry are added to MS. analysis and measurement of the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions that the mass spectrometer generates from each analysis. GC and MS can be connected by a membrane separator, jet/orifice separator, or effusion separator. The analytical flow cell in LC-NMR coupling was originally designed for continuous flow to NMR. But the requirement for thorough structural evaluation of novel products has resulted in the use of LCMS in stopped-flow mode. The use of LC-MS-MS is increasing continuously at a rapid rate. Hyphenated methods like UV-coupled HPLC. The combination of mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS) with biological screening has proven to be quite beneficial for a quick analysis of products. Hyphenated procedures pertain to the process of separating, identifying, and the hyphenated procedures demonstrate improved sample analysis in terms of specificity, accuracy, and precision. (1).

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3

Gould, Oliver, Natalia Drabińska, Norman Ratcliffe, and Ben de Lacy Costello. "Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry versus Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Detection of Volatile Compounds from the Human Body." Molecules 26, no. 23 (2021): 7185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237185.

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that can be used for various applications in a number of scientific areas including environmental, security, forensic science, space exploration, agri-food, and numerous others. MS is also continuing to offer new insights into the proteomic and metabolomic fields. MS techniques are frequently used for the analysis of volatile compounds (VCs). The detection of VCs from human samples has the potential to aid in the diagnosis of diseases, in monitoring drug metabolites, and in providing insight into metabolic processes. The broad usage of MS has resulted in numerous variations of the technique being developed over the years, which can be divided into hyphenated and real-time MS techniques. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques coupled with MS offer unparalleled qualitative analysis and high accuracy and sensitivity, even when analysing complex matrices (breath, urine, stool, etc.). However, these benefits are traded for a significantly longer analysis time and a greater need for sample preparation and method development. On the other hand, real-time MS techniques offer highly sensitive quantitative data. Additionally, real-time techniques can provide results in a matter of minutes or even seconds, without altering the sample in any way. However, real-time MS can only offer tentative qualitative data and suffers from molecular weight overlap in complex matrices. This review compares hyphenated and real-time MS methods and provides examples of applications for each technique for the detection of VCs from humans.

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Liu, Jinchao, Andi Wang, Ji Yang, Shiheng Yin, and Xianfeng Yang. "A Universal Positioning System for Coupling Characterization of SEM and AFM." Scanning 2021 (August 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5550311.

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Hyphenated techniques, providing comprehensive information in various aspects such as constituent, structure, functional group, and morphology, play an important role in scientific research. Nowadays, coupling characterization of the same position in microscale is in great need in the field of nanomaterial research and exploration. In this article, a new hyphenated technique was developed to facilitate the coupling characterization of atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) by designing a universal positioning system. The system consisted of a specimen holder with coordinate grids and a software for converting the coordinate values of the same point to fit SEM, specimen holder, and AFM system. In working condition, the coordinates of the labeled points and target position were firstly extracted from the SEM operation software, then converted into the numerical values adapted to the specimen holder itself, and finally transformed into the coordinates matching the AFM system. The experimental result showed that a retrieving rate of 96% was achieved for a spherical target with a diameter of 1 μm in a 30 μ m × 30 μ m square. The hyphenated technique is a universal, accurate, efficient, and financially feasible method in microanalysis field and has great application potential.

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5

Prem, Lata Meena, Sandilya Avinash, and Sharma Sachin. "A review of Singular and Hyphenated Analytical techniques in Trace Element analysis." Chemistry Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13752764.

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At micro trace levels there is a critical need for preconcentration, selective separation, and determine the various metal ions from complex matrices. Trace analysis and various analytical techniques which are used to determine the concentration of a chemical element is described. It can be broadly classified in to singular and hyphenated techniques. For analysis there are different types of singular techniques like Flame Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS),Neutron activation analysis (NAA),Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).<strong> </strong>Hyphenated technique provides an opportunity to avoid contamination and large reagent consumption with good selectivity and high sensitivity.

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6

Jansen, J. A. J., J. H. Van Der Maas, and A. Posthuma De Boer. "Hyphenated On-The-Spot TG/FT-IR Technique." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 1 (1992): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924444452.

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By the coupling of thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the thermal behavior of polymeric materials can be elucidated from their mass loss combined with characterization of the evolved components. A hyphenated TG/FT-IR technique is presented, which enables the direct detection and characterization of evolving components in TG experiments, i.e., without transferring these components from the TG to the FT-IR equipment. In this on-the-spot TG/FT-IR technique, the IR beam of the FT-IR spectrometer is led directly into the TG equipment. The IR beam is reflected by a mirror mounted inside the TG equipment and subsequently detected by a standard FT-IR detector. In this way, the evolved components are detected both in gas and condensed phase directly in the TG equipment. The detection limits are in the sub µg/s range. The experimental setup and conditions are presented together with advantages and applications in the field of polymeric research.

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7

Meermann, Björn, and Volker Nischwitz. "ICP-MS for the analysis at the nanoscale – a tutorial review." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, no. 9 (2018): 1432–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00037a.

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The scope of this tutorial review is (i) to provide an overview on ICP-MS based techniques for the analysis of ENPs and natural nanoparticles/colloids by (a) “stand alone” ICP-MS and (b) hyphenated techniques; (ii) highlighting the benefits and pitfalls of each technique as well as providing practical advice regarding method development; (iii) illustrating the possibilities and limitations of each technique by practical applications from the recent literature.

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8

Komal, Zade* Mrunali Ahirrao Madhuri Shirsath Tufail Dana M. B. Nikam. "HPLC and its Hyphenated Techniques: Review." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 5 (2025): 584–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15529234.

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a precise analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components within complex mixtures. Developed in the late 1960s, it operates by pumping a liquid mobile phase under high pressure (50–350 bars) through a column packed with solid adsorbents like silica or polymers, which interact differently with each sample component to achieve separation. HPLC is favored in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, environmental testing, and food industries for its speed, sensitivity, and high resolution. Hyphenated techniques in liquid chromatography combine chromatography with spectroscopic methods, a concept introduced by Hirsch Feld in 1980. These integrated systems, such as LC-MS, LC-NMR, and LC-FTIR, use appropriate interfaces to enable simultaneous separation and detailed detection, offering enhanced qualitative and quantitative analysis. These approaches are crucial in modern drug discovery and chemical analysis, providing comprehensive data in a single run.

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Amir, Mohammad, Puneet Narula, and Farzana Bano. "Analytical Techniques for the Analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Biological Matrices: A Review." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 18, no. 4 (2022): 380–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412918666211217145200.

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Background: Lopinavir and Ritonavir are protease inhibitor type of anti-retroviral drugs. Both are used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This paper reviews many analytical methods for the analysis of LPV and RTV in pharmaceutical formulations (tablet, capsule, syrup, and bulk) and biological fluids (human plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, rat plasma, and human hair). Objective: The study aims to summarize various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectrophotometry, and also hyphenated techniques, such as LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for the analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir. Method: The review deals with comprehensive details regarding the type of various analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy (UV), chromatography (RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC), and hyphenated techniques, i.e., LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for the analysis of lopinavir and ritonavir. These techniques are either explored for the quantification and detection of metabolite or for stability studies of the LPV and RTV. Conclusion: The studies presented revealed that the HPLC technique along with spectroscopy have been most widely used for the analysis. Out of the developed methods, hyphenated UPLCMS and LC-MS are very sensitive and help in the easy estimation of drugs compared to other techniques. This review may provide comprehensive details to the researchers working in the area of analytical research of LPV and RTV.

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10

Proch, Jędrzej. "UKŁADY ŁĄCZONE OPARTE NA DETEKCJI PRZY UŻYCIU OPTYCZNEJ SPEKTROMETRII EMISYJNEJ W OZNACZANIU FORM METALI I METALOIDÓW." Wiadomości Chemiczne 79, no. 1 (2023): 61–79. https://doi.org/10.53584/wiadchem.2025.1.4.

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Hydride generation (HG) has become a widely used technique for efficient analyte introduction in optical emission spectrometry, although only few hyphenated systems using this technique have been developed. It was decided to fill this gap using a modified spray chamber that allows with conventional nebulizer and/or as hydride generator, i.e. the Multi-mode Sample Introduction System (MSIS). The MSIS unit was used as an interface between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) or microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). In this way, hyphenated techniques were designed, based on three modes of operation of the MSIS chamber: (1) hydride generation for the determination of metalloid species occurring as anions and forming volatile hydrides, (2) conventional sputtering for the determination of metal species occurring as cations, and (3) dual mode for the simultaneous determination of metal and metalloid species occurring as cations and anions. The article is based on the doctoral dissertation of Jędrzej Proch entitled: "Hyphenated systems based on detection by optical emission spectrometry in determination of metals and metalloids species”, distinguished by the Discipline Council of Chemical Sciences at Adam Mickiewicz University and awarded by the Committee of Analytical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2024 in the competition for the best doctoral dissertation in analytical spectrometry, the prize funded by MS Spektrum.

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11

Jabłońska-Czapla, Magdalena. "Arsenic, Antimony, Chromium, and Thallium Speciation in Water and Sediment Samples with the LC-ICP-MS Technique." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/171478.

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Chemical speciation is a very important subject in the environmental protection, toxicology, and chemical analytics due to the fact that toxicity, availability, and reactivity of trace elements depend on the chemical forms in which these elements occur. Research on low analyte levels, particularly in complex matrix samples, requires more and more advanced and sophisticated analytical methods and techniques. The latest trends in this field concern the so-called hyphenated techniques. Arsenic, antimony, chromium, and (underestimated) thallium attract the closest attention of toxicologists and analysts. The properties of those elements depend on the oxidation state in which they occur. The aim of the following paper is to answer the question why the speciation analytics is so important. The paper also provides numerous examples of the hyphenated technique usage (e.g., the LC-ICP-MS application in the speciation analysis of chromium, antimony, arsenic, or thallium in water and bottom sediment samples). An important issue addressed is the preparation of environmental samples for speciation analysis.

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12

Vogel, Martin, and Uwe Karst. "Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry: an emerging hyphenated technique for bioanalysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 403, no. 2 (2012): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5863-4.

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13

Klampfl, Christian W. "CE with MS detection: A rapidly developing hyphenated technique." ELECTROPHORESIS 30, S1 (2009): S83—S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900088.

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14

Nikolaeva, Olga V. "Attributive hyphenated composites in the electoral speech creativity of American media: Objective and pragmatic causality." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 474 (2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/474/10.

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The article discusses a two-level causal analysis of the attributive composite formation in the US electoral speech creativity. The research material included attributive hyphenated composites from American mass media sources that covered the US election campaigns of 2016 and 2020. The research methodology integrates the approaches of the functional word formation and morphopragmatics, which focus on the problems of wordproduction in real communication, in live speech, in context, and in discourse. It was proved that the occurrence of attributive hyphenated composites in the electoral discourse of American media could be the result of both objective and pragmatic factors. Objective causality lies in the diachronic typological constants of the English language, the ontological conditionality of the nomination by the hyphen complex, and in the features of modern communication. The reasons for the “contraction” of the polylexemic construction into a functional and structural-semantic whole should be sought in the spiral (bidirectional) model of analytic development of the English language, which was associated with semantic compression, “contraction” and inter-level rearrangement at each new turn. The continuous formation of hyphenated composites is the result of a typologically relevant dialectical interaction between analytic discreteness and a new analogical synthesis. Objective factors include, as well the properties of modern verbal communication with its tendency to spatial-temporal compression, the tendency to thicken and condense information. Pragmatic factors are realized on the basis of objective ones and are expressed in the pragmatically-appropriate compression techniques. Different types of compressive linguistic experimentation are in demand, including “continuum” units that border between different language levels. Attributive hyphenated composites represent the transition “lexeme - syntactic construction” in the structural aspect, and “lexeme - text” in the content aspect, being the content “staplers” of the entire US electoral macrodiscourse. An attributive hyphenated composite with a “language creativity charge” is a technique for realizing the persuasive potential of electoral discourse. The conciseness of hyphenated composites and their ability to convey many pragmatic meanings in a “condensed” form is considered as a manifestation of linguistic creative activity and increasing information capacity.

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Szpunar, J., and R. Lobinski. "Species-selective Analysis for Metal - Biomacromolecular Complexes using Hyphenated Techniques." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 5 (1999): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971050899.

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Analytical chemistry of metal complexes with biomacromolecules based on the coupling of a high resolution separation technique with an element or species selective detection technique is critically discussed. The role of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line atomic spectrometric detection is evaluated for the characterization of the metal distribution among the fractions of different molecular weight. Attention is given to the conditions for the separation of metallated biomacromolecular isoforms and sub-isoforms by anion-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC. Techniques for interfacing chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP MS) are assessed. The potential of electrospray (tandem) mass spectrometry for the on-line determination of the molecular mass of the eluting protein is highlighted. Perspectives for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), microbore and capillary HPLC with ICP MS and electrospray MS detection for probing metalloproteins are discussed. Applications of hyphenated techniques to the analysis of real-world samples are reviewed.

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García-Jareño, José Juan, Jerónimo Agrisuelas, and Francisco Vicente. "Overview and Recent Advances in Hyphenated Electrochemical Techniques for the Characterization of Electroactive Materials." Materials 16, no. 12 (2023): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124226.

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A hyphenated electrochemical technique consists of the combination of the coupling of an electrochemical technique with a non-electrochemical technique, such as spectroscopical and optical techniques, electrogravimetric techniques, and electromechanical techniques, among others. This review highlights the development of the use of this kind of technique to appreciate the useful information which can be extracted for the characterization of electroactive materials. The use of time derivatives and the acquisition of simultaneous signals from different techniques allow extra information from the crossed derivative functions in the dc-regime to be obtained. This strategy has also been effectively used in the ac-regime, reaching valuable information about the kinetics of the electrochemical processes taking place. Among others, molar masses of exchanged species or apparent molar absorptivities at different wavelengths have been estimated, increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms for different electrode processes.

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Ambarsing, P. Rajput, and P. Edlabadkar Aboli. "An Inclusive Review on Analytical Methods for Ritonavir in Various Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrix." Pharmaceutical Methods 8, no. 2 (2017): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14854936.

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Background: Ritonavir (RTV) is an anti-retroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV/ AIDS. Many times, RTV is used alone and in combination with many anti retroviral drugs. So far, around seventy nine analytical methods have been reported for various studies on analysis of RTV in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. Aim: To summarize the various analytical techniques such as Chromatography, Spectrophotometry; Capillary electrophoresis and also hyphenated techniques such as LC- MS/MS for estimation of Ritonavir. Method: The present article deals with the comprehensive details about the type of various analytical techniques such as Chromatography, Spectrophotometry; Capillary electrophoresis and also hyphenated techniques such as LC- MS/MS, and their applicability in analysis of RTV. These techniques are either explored for the quantification, detection of metabolite and also for stability-studies of the RTV. Conclusion: The present studies revealed that HPLC technique along with the spectro scopic have been most widely explored for the analysis. The investigatory review may provide the comprehensive details to the researchers who are working in the area of analytical research of RTV.

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Sen, Bhupendra K., Swapnil Tiwari, Manas Kanti Deb, and Shamsh Pervez. "Nanogram level quantification of molybdenum(vi) by novel hyphenated SDME/DRS-FTIR in human biological fluid." Analytical Methods 7, no. 22 (2015): 9474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01801c.

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A novel hyphenated single-drop micro-extraction (SDME) diffuse-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRS-FTIR) technique was employed for the quantification of hexavalent molybdenum, i.e., Mo(vi) in human blood serum and urine.

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Kumar, Sachil, and Maciej J. Bogusz. "Hyphenated Techniques in Liquid Chromatography and their Applications in Forensic Toxicology." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 7, no. 4 (2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_65_21.

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Conventional analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (LC), ultra-violet, and others, are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology. Hyphenated analytical methods, wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods, with the help of a proper interface, are the available alternative options. The key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection, shorter analytical time, the possibility of automation, better reproducibility, and high precision and repeatability. This review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool, for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse, the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse, analysis of chemical warfare agents, determination of doping agents and related substances, natural toxins, environmental poisons, and examination of food produce adulteration. The incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and electrospray ionization in the LC- mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different disciplines. Hyphenated approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification, and offer high reproducibility, with unparalleled potential.

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Cimpoiu, Claudia. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis by Hyphenated (HP)TLC‐FTIR Technique." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 28, no. 7-8 (2005): 1203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-200053025.

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Purcaro, Giorgia, Sabrina Moret, and Lanfranco Conte. "Hyphenated liquid chromatography–gas chromatography technique: Recent evolution and applications." Journal of Chromatography A 1255 (September 2012): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.018.

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Vaishnavi A. Sarangdhar and Ramanlal N. Kachave. "Overview of UHPLC-MS: an Effective and Sensitive Hyphenated Technique." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 11 (2022): 1386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934822110119.

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Zhang, Yuchi, Jingying Xu, Chunming Liu, and Sainan Li. "Screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from the leaves of Syringa velutina Kom. via compound fractionation and in vitro activity evaluation." Analytical Methods 9, no. 3 (2017): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02922a.

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A novel hyphenated technique comprised of circulating ultrasound-assisted extraction (CUAE) coupled with an online solvent concentration tank (SCT), centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS) was established.

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Rathore, Surbhi. "A Review on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 844–48. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67278.

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The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows for the simultaneous analysis of compounds based on their retention times and mass-to-charge ratios, providing valuable information about the identity and quantity of analytes in a sample. One of the key advantages of LC-MS is its versatility, as it can be applied to a wide range of samples including biological fluids, environmental samples, pharmaceuticals, and food products. This makes it an essential technique in fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, metabolomics, proteomics, and forensic science. These techniques have become essential tools for researchers and scientists in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and food safety. One of the most common hyphenated techniques is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which allows for the separation and identification of complex mixtures of compounds with high sensitivity and specificity. Another popular technique is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which is widely used in drug discovery and metabolomics studies. These hyphenated techniques offer numerous advantages, such as increased sensitivity, improved selectivity, and faster analysis times. They have greatly enhanced our ability to detect trace levels of contaminants, identify unknown compounds, and quantify analytes accurately. In conclusion, the acknowledgment to LC-MS is crucial for advancing scientific research and improving our understanding of complex chemical systems. Its versatility and sensitivity make it an indispensable tool for modern analytical chemistry. Overall, introductions to LC-MS provide students with a solid foundation in this powerful analytical technique, allowing them to confidently apply it to their own research projects and experiments.

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Chen, Yen-Chun, Arun Krishnamurthy, Szu-Hua Chen, and Yu-Chie Chen. "A Tapered Capillary-Based Contactless Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry for On-Line Preconcentration and Separation of Small Organics." Separations 8, no. 8 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8080111.

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an effective technique for the separation of different analytes. Moreover, online preconcentration of trace analytes in the capillary for CE analysis has been demonstrated. CE and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are suitable for the separation of analytes with similar polarities. Given that CE and CEC are only used to separate small-volume samples, sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) is a suitable detection tool for CE and CEC. Contactless atmospheric pressure ionization (C-API) is a continuous flow ion source that only uses a short capillary as the ionization emitter operated at atmospheric pressure for MS analysis. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of hyphenating CE/CEC with C-API-MS by using a short and tapered capillary as the interface. The short capillary (a few centimeters) can function as the separation/preconcentration tube and the ionization emitter. This hyphenated technique can be used to analyze small organics within a few minutes. The suitability of using the hyphenated technique for online preconcentration, separation, and quantitative analysis for small organics is demonstrated in this study.

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SAMAL, NILIMAMAYEE, Abhinandan Patra, and Jeba O. Shiney. "Qualitative Analysis of Post-blast Residue using the Double Hyphenated UHPLC-(HESI)-MS/MS Technique." 99 3, no. 1 (2021): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/zuay6063.

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The thriving terror activity is a menace to our society. To mitigate this, there is a dire need of upgraded and innovative analytical techniques for forensic analysis of explosives. The complexity in the matrix, restrictions in the sample quantity and ambiguity in the data interpretation are the different challenges that a forensic scientist face. The solution to these problems lies in upgradation of extraction technique, screening technique & confirmatory techniques. In this paper, the identification and forensic analysis of post blast residues recovered from controlled blast site has been presented. The targeted sample was extracted from soil by using Accelerated Solvent Extraction technique. The target compound was primarily identified to be PETN (PentaErythritol TetraNitrate) by color test and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The confirmatory test for the target analyte was done by using a hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer with tandem Mass). This manuscript demonstrates the viability of LC-MS/MS in Forensic Science for a fast, accurate and quality-assured analysis of post-blast residue.

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Iram, Farah, Huma Iram, Mohd Arif, A. A. Siddiqui, and Asif Husain. "Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation by Hyphenated Technique (LC-MS/MS)." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2016): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jpmc.2395.6615.2116.2.

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Zsila, F., A. Gergely, P. Horváth, and Gy Szász. "SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOFISOPAM STEREOISOMERS BY HYPHENATED HPLC-CD TECHNIQUE." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 22, no. 5 (1999): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-100101693.

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Barreca, Salvatore, Maddalena Busetto, Luisa Colzani, et al. "Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018." Separations 7, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7010017.

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In this research paper, we report a hyphenated technique based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of twelve Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in surface and groundwater samples from Lombardia Region during the monitoring activities in 2018 as new emerging and toxic pollutants. A green analytic method, developed by using an online Solid Phase Extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS and previously validated, was applied for 4992 determinations conducted on 416 samples from 109 different sampling stations. Among the results, PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFBS, PFPeA and PFHxA were identified as the most abundant analytes detected. PFASs concentrations, in most cases, were below the limits of quantification and, in the cases where the limits of quantification have been exceeded, the values found were lower than Italy directive. PFOS is an exception and in fact this compound was detected in 76% of analyzed samples (surface and ground waters). Solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry has proved to be a very good Hyphenated techniques able to detect low concentrations of pollutants in surface and groundwater samples.

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Cubadda, Francesco. "Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Elements and Elemental Species in Food: A Review." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 1 (2004): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.1.173.

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Abstract Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has definitely emerged as a powerful technique for total element determination and as a sensitive and selective detector in hyphenated methods for speciation analyses of elements in foods. In this review, the analytical challenges of elemental analysis of food and agricultural matrixes are discussed and several applications are examined. Selected examples illustrate the analytical approaches being used so far to address specific issues in various areas of food and nutrition research. The applications discussed include studies on dietary intake, element metabolism in man, transfer of elements through the food chain, effects of food processing and domestic preparation, and authenticity and origin assessment. The use of ICP-MS in the field of analytical quality assurance, food control, evaluation of food contact materials, and radionuclide contamination is also examined. Finally, the hyphenated techniques with ICP-MS detection used for elemental speciation in food are reviewed, and an overview of the main applications currently in the literature is presented. Throughout, recent trends and analytical developments likely to have a major impact on food-related areas are highlighted.

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Volovenko, Olesya, Tetiana Keda, Natalia Skreminska, Demyd Milokhov, Olga Khilya, and Olga Zaporozhets. "2,6-Diamino-1-N-methylpyrimidine as new fluorescent probe for palladium(II) determination using hyphenated technique." Adsorption Science & Technology 35, no. 7-8 (2017): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617417708086.

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The selective and sensitive hyphenated technique for Pd(II) fluorescence and spectrophotometric determination was proposed. The procedure was based on preliminary solid-phase extraction of [PdCl4]2− onto silica modified with quaternary ammonium salts, with the subsequent elution from the surface by 2,6-diamino-1- N-methylpyrimidine solution and measurement of the fluorescence intensity. The luminescence enhancement effect of 2,6-diamino-1- N-methylpyrimidine in the presence of Pd(II) due to the complex formation was applied to the development of sorption-spectroscopic techniques for detecting trace amounts of palladium in solution.

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Archita, Tiwari, Dubey Vishwanath, Mishra Shilpi, et al. "General Instrumentation of LC-MS Technique and their Recent Applications." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 5 (2022): 1469–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760060.

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This review summarizes the advancement in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer is a hyphenated technique of separation of compounds. over the past years, the combination 0f high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been used which has a remarkable effect on drug research and development. LC-MS played a vital role in the assessment and interpretation of bioavailability and bioequivalence. This article reviews the principle of LCMS analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry comprises 3 important parts that are ionization source, mass analyzer, and detector.

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Matusiewicz, Henryk, and Magdalena Krawczyk. "Determination of nickel by chemical vapor generation in situ trapping flame AAS." Open Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2011): 648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0044-4.

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AbstractThe analytical performances of coupled chemical vapor generation, integrated atom trap (CVG-IAT) atomizer flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) system were evaluated for determination of nickel in environmental samples. Nickel chemical vapors are atomized in an air-acetylene flame-heated IAT. A new design of CVG-IAT-FAAS hyphenated technique that would exceed the operational capabilities of existing arrangements (a water-cooled single silica tube, double-slotted quartz tube) permitting construction of an “integrated trap” was investigated. An improvement in limit of detection was achieved compared with that obtained using any of the above atom trapping techniques separately. The concentration limit of detection was 1 ng mL−1 for Ni. The overall efficiencies of the vapor generation process was estimated to be ca. 50%. For a 2 min in situ pre-concentration time, sensitivity enhancement, compared to FAAS, was 200 folds for Ni, using vapor generation atom trapping technique. The sensitivity can be further improved by increasing the collection time. The precision of the measurements for 25 ng mL−1 of Ni was 9% RSD. The accuracy of this method was tested by analyses of NIST SRM 2704 (Buffalo River Sediment), NIST SRM 1648 (Urban Particulate Matter), NIST SRM 2710 (Montana Soil), NBS SRM 1633a (Coal Fly Ash) and NIST SRM 1643e (Trace Element in Water) certified reference materials. The measured Ni content in five reference materials was in satisfactory agreement with the certified values (in the range of 14.3–98 μg g−1). The hyphenated technique was applied for nickel determination in coal fly ash, soil, sediment, sewage and river water.

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K. Vyas, Vivek, Manjunath Ghate, and Ravikumar D. Ukawala. "Recent Advances in Characterization of Impurities - Use of Hyphenated LC-MS Technique." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 6, no. 4 (2010): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341210793292392.

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Marcinkowska, Monika, and Danuta Barałkiewicz. "Multielemental speciation analysis by advanced hyphenated technique – HPLC/ICP-MS: A review." Talanta 161 (December 2016): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.034.

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Silva Elipe, Maria Victoria. "Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a hyphenated technique." Analytica Chimica Acta 497, no. 1-2 (2003): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.048.

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Hägele. "Protolysis and Complex Formation of Organophosphorus Compounds—Characterization by NMR-Controlled Titrations." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183238.

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Phosphonic acids, aminophosphonic acids, and phosphonocarboxylic acids are characterized by an advanced hyphenated technique, combining potentiometric titration with NMR spectroscopy. Automated measurements involving 13C, 19F and 31P nuclei lead to “pseudo 2D NMR” spectra, where chemical shifts or coupling constants are correlated with analytical parameters. Dissociation constants, stability constants, dynamic and specific chemical shifts are determined. Macroscopic and microscopic dissociation equilibria are discussed.

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Shamsiyeva, Nigora Zairovna. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF HYPHENATED WORDS IN ENGLISH." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE 1, no. 1 (2021): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5527526.

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Hyphenated compounds have largely been neglected in the studies of compounding, which have seldom analysed compounds in context. In this study, we argue that the hyphen use in compounds is strongly motivated. Hyphenation is used when words form a unit, which reduces the possibility of parsing them into separate units or other forms. The current study adopts a new perspective on contextual factors, namely, which part of speech (PoS) the compound as a whole belongs to and how people correctly parse a compound into a unit. This process can be observed and analysed by considering examples. This study therefore holds that hyphenation might have gradually become a compounding technique that differs from general compounding principles.  

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S., J. Momin*1 S. R. Shahi2 L. P. Jain3 N. D. Kulkarni4 S. S. Gotpagar5 R. M. Savakhande6. "A Concise Review on Hyphenated Techniques: Liquid Chromatography Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (Lc-Ms/Ms)." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 1856–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14913274.

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Hyphenated techniques combine spectroscopic and chromatographic methods like LC/MS for toxicology, drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies, and bioanalysis with interfaces like APCI and ESI for natural product analysis. Mass spectroscopy (MS) is an analytical technique used to determine the m/e ratio of charged analytes, calculate particle masses, and reveal chemical structures using ionization sources. HPLC and mass spectrometry coupling is complex due to high vacuum requirements, but interfaces like TSP, CFAB, API, and ESI overcome this, integrating detectors with liquid chromatographic separations. LC-MS is one of the hyphenated analytical methods that combine mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for complex mixture analysis in biological, environmental, and pharmacological materials. It includes mobile phase reservoirs, pumps, degassers, auto samplers, columns, and detectors, with UV being the most common for stability and sensitivity. During the optimization stage, initial conditions such as resolution, peak shape, plate counts asymmetry, capacity factor, elution time, detection limits, limit of quantification, and overall analyte quantification ability are optimized. LC-MS/MS is a popular bioanalysis method for measuring medication concentrations in biological samples, making it the preferred quantitative analysis method between drug discovery and development. Validation of method by various parameters like accuracy precision etc. Applications of LC-MS in various fields like in structural elucidation.

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Paulino, Felipe Wesley de Vasconcelos, Murilo Sérgio da Silva Julião, Aldeneide Soares Paiva, et al. "Qualitative identification of synthesized isoniazid derivatives by atemporal technique: UV-visible spectrophotometry." Concilium 24, no. 5 (2024): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3043-24e21.

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Ultramodern analytical techniques must also be hyphenated with cheaper and less complex techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry to confirm the formation of organic synthesis products. Here, the synthesis of 4 compounds (HC4ATIOF, HFEC, HCPA4NO2, and HICNM) from a clinically approved antitubercular drug, the Isoniazid, was preliminarily verified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Spectra recorded in the UV-Vis region for the four possible isoniazid derivatives allowed us to confirm the synthesis of just one acylhydrazone from isoniazid, the HICNM, since the absorption bands observed in the UV-Vis spectra of the reactants and the product obtained are completely different, indicating the formation of a new substance.

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Mazzucotelli, Ambrogio, Valter Bavastello, Emanuele Magi, Paola Rivaro, and Carlo Tomba. "Analysis of gadolinium polyaminopolycarboxylic complexes by HPLC–ultrasonic nebulizer–ICP-AES hyphenated technique." Anal. Proc. 32, no. 5 (1995): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ai9953200165.

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Sidhu, Paramjeet K., and D. Sud. "IDENTIFICATION OF PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATED PRODUCTS OF QUINALPHOS BY HYPHENATED TECHNIQUE AND DEGRADATION PATHWAY." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 37, no. 18 (2014): 2639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2013.853311.

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Kiewiet, S., V. Janssens, H. E. Miltner, G. Van Assche, P. Van Puyvelde, and B. Van Mele. "RheoDSC: A hyphenated technique for the simultaneous measurement of calorimetric and rheological evolutions." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 2 (2008): 023905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838585.

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Tang, Huiru, Chaoni Xiao, and Yulan Wang. "Important roles of the hyphenated HPLC-DAD-MS-SPE-NMR technique in metabonomics." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 47, S1 (2009): S157—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2513.

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R. Joia and H. Muhammad. "ADVANCEMENT OF GAS CHROMATOGrAPHY IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Chemistry & Biology series, no. 3,2023 (September 29, 2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/fiqj5519.

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Gas chromatography (GC) is a versatile analytical technique with a rich history of advancements in quantitative analysis. This review explores the enduring relevance of GC, focusing on principles and instrumentation. GC’s ability to separate and quantify volatile compounds has solidified its place in environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, food chemistry, and forensic science. With advanced instrumentation, sample preparation techniques, and quality control, GC continues to meet the demands of modern research. Recent innovations, including miniaturization, hyphenated techniques, and automation, enhance its precision and accessibility. This review highlights the challenges and prospects for GC in a changing analytical landscape, emphasizing sustainability and efficiency. Gas chromatography remains an indispensable tool for researchers, offering continued innovation and steadfast performance in quantitative analysis. Keywords: Sensitivity, Selectivity, Stationary Phase, Carrier Gas, Injector, Detectors, Column, Sample Introduction.

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Verma, Kanak Lata, Manoj Kumar, and Amar Pal Singh. "HPTLC-MS as a Neoteric Hyphenated Technique for Separation and Forensic Identification of Drugs." Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 08, no. 01 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jasmi.2018.81001.

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Pollien, Philippe, Andreas Ott, Franck Montigon, Marcel Baumgartner, Rafael Muñoz-Box, and Alain Chaintreau. "Hyphenated Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Sniffing Technique: Screening of Impact Odorants and Quantitative Aromagram Comparisons." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 7 (1997): 2630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960885r.

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Frankowski, M., A. Zioła-Frankowska, and J. Siepak. "New method for speciation analysis of aluminium fluoride complexes by HPLC–FAAS hyphenated technique." Talanta 80, no. 5 (2010): 2120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.11.018.

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Blo, G., A. Ceccarini, C. Conato, et al. "Development of an SdFFF–ETAAS hyphenated technique for dimensional and elemental characterization of colloids." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 384, no. 4 (2006): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0266-4.

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Zumaquero, Eulalia, Jessica Gilabert, Eva María Díaz-Canales, María Fernanda Gazulla, and María Pilar Gómez-Tena. "Study on Sulfide Oxidation in a Clay Matrix by the Hyphenated Method." Minerals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101121.

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The requirement of a ceramic product with high technical and aesthetic performance makes it necessary to select and control raw materials to avoid losses caused by low-quality products. Many defects have their origin in impurities present in clay minerals such as sulfides and sulfates. It is important to study the oxidation, decomposition, and pyrolysis reactions that affect these minerals and their dependence on environment conditions (humidity and temperature) during the extraction and beneficiation of clay minerals in an open pit mine. The development of hyphenated techniques coupling mass spectrometry with a thermal analysis instrument provides information that is not available from either technique alone, such as decomposition behavior and the determination of emissions with a lower limit of detection. The evolution of sulfur dioxide from the oxidation of different sulfides provides information on the in situ oxidation and decomposition reactions that happen when a thermal treatment is applied. The results obtained show important differences in the reactions that take place in sulfides when they are stored under different environmental conditions. Specifically, the general tendency is that the sulfurs stored under high relative humidity show a decrease in the intensity of the emission as well as changes in the onset of the peak emission.

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