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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypochlorites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Kiselev, Yu M., L. S. Skogareva, and L. N. Kholodkovskaya. "ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Hypochlorites: Lithium Hypochlorite Monohydrate." ChemInform 30, no. 45 (June 12, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199945009.

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2

Rutala, W. A., and D. J. Weber. "Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 10, no. 4 (October 1997): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.10.4.597.

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Hypochlorite has been used as a disinfectant for more than 100 years. It has many of the properties of an ideal disinfectant, including a broad antimicrobial activity, rapid bactericidal action, reasonable persistence in treated potable water, ease of use, solubility in water, relative stability, relative nontoxicity at use concentrations, no poisonous residuals, no color, no staining, and low cost. The active species is undissociated hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Hypochlorites are lethal to most microbes, although viruses and vegetative bacteria are more susceptible than endospore-forming bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Activity is reduced by the presence of heavy metal ions, a biofilm, organic material, low temperature, low pH, or UV radiation. Clinical uses in health-care facilities include hyperchlorination of potable water to prevent Legionella colonization, chlorination of water distribution systems used in hemodialysis centers, cleaning of environmental surfaces, disinfection of laundry, local use to decontaminate blood spills, disinfection of equipment, decontamination of medical waste prior to disposal, and dental therapy. Despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants, hypochlorites continue to find wide use in hospitals.

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3

Moore, D. "Hypochlorites: a review of the evidence." Journal of Wound Care 1, no. 4 (November 2, 1992): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.1992.1.4.44.

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4

Skarzewski, Jacek, and Renata Siedlecka. "SYNTHETIC OXIDATIONS WITH HYPOCHLORITES. A REVIEW." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 24, no. 6 (December 1992): 623–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304949209356237.

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5

Nissen, Jan H., Lucas Wickemeyer, Tony Stüker, Simon Steinhauer, Helmut Beckers, and Sebastian Riedel. "From hypochlorites to perfluorinated dialkyl peroxides." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 230 (February 2020): 109416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109416.

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6

Dzikowska, Mirosława, Katarzyna Wojtas, and Maria Kózka. "Hypochlorites in the treatment of chronic wounds." Rany 2020, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31350/rany/2020/1/r2019004.

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7

Dzikowska, Mirosława, Katarzyna Wojtas, and Maria Kózka. "Hypochlorites in the treatment of chronic wounds." Zakażenia XXI wieku 2018, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31350/zakazenia/2018/6/z2018052.

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8

Wen, Xiaoye, Li Yan, and Zhefeng Fan. "One-step construction of a novel AIE probe based on diaminomaleonitrile and its application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 18 (2021): 8155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00932j.

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9

Dunsmore, David G., Debbie Makin, and Richard Arkins. "Effect of residues of five disinfectants in milk on acid production by strains of lactic starters used for Cheddar cheesemaking and on organoleptic properties of the cheese." Journal of Dairy Research 52, no. 2 (May 1985): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990002416x.

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SUMMARYThe inhibitory effect of five disinfectants on acid production byStreptococcus lactisandStr. cremorisCheddar cheese starters was compared using two techniques, a laboratory scale fermentation tube test, and pilot scale cheese manufacture. Threshold inhibition concentrations (partial, total) of disinfectants (mg/1) on acid production observed in the fermentation tube were: peracetic acid/H2O2(0–5, > 600) iodophor (75–220, > 400), quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), (20–30, > 200), acidic anionic (60–120, 600–1200), and Na hypochlorite (400–1000, > 1000). Threshold inhibition concentrations (partial, total) observed in the cheese vat were (mg/I); peracetic acid/H2O2(0–5, 5–35), iodophor (15–30, 75–200), QAC (10–20, > 200), acidicanionic(30–120, > 600), and Na hypochlorite (35–400, > 400). Flavour threshold concentrations in the cheese at 4 weeks were (mg/l): peracetic acid/H2O25, iodophor 8, QAC 20, acidic anionic 12, and hypochlorite 50. It is concluded that problems in cheese manufacture are unlikely to occur with hypochlorites, iodophors, and acidic anionics, but that care should be taken when using QAC and peracetic acid as sanitizers. A correlation coefficient of 0918 was computed between the two methods of determining partial acid inhibition (P< 0·005).

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10

Doebley, Carl E., Seymour Z. Lewin, and Sherman Aronson. "Detergent and Hypochlorites for the Cleaning of Travertine." APT Bulletin 23, no. 2 (1991): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504385.

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11

Storzer, Werner, and Darryl D. DesMarteau. "Two fluorinated, fluorosulfonyl-containing hypochlorites and their alkali-metal precursors." Inorganic Chemistry 30, no. 25 (December 1991): 4821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00025a026.

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12

Dailey, Jennifer I., Ryan S. Hays, Hua Lee, Randall M. Mitchell, Jennifer J. Ries, Robert G. Landolt, Hollie H. Husmann, Joseph B. Lockridge, and William H. Hendrickson. "β-Scission of Tertiary Alkyl Hypochlorites Promoted by Phase-Transfer Catalysis." Journal of Organic Chemistry 65, no. 8 (April 2000): 2568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo9911847.

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13

SHELLHAMER, D. F., M. J. HORNEY, A. L. TOTH, and V. L. HEASLEY. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Alkyl Hypochlorites and Xenon Difluoride with Cyclohexene." ChemInform 24, no. 15 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199315150.

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14

Qi, Lihong, Zhenxing Cheng, Guomin Zuo, Shanmao Li, and Qiping Fan. "Oxidative Degradation of Fentanyl in Aqueous Solutions of Peroxides and Hypochlorites." Defence Science Journal 61, no. 1 (January 6, 2011): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.68.

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15

Rogachev, A. D., N. I. Komarova, A. V. Pozdeeva, D. V. Korchagina, V. G. Vasil’ev, N. F. Salakhutdinov, and G. A. Tolstikov. "Reaction of several resveratrol glycoside derivatives with hypochlorites in various media." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 48, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-012-0146-z.

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16

Yang, Yutao, Caixia Yin, Fangjun Huo, Jianbin Chao, Yongbin Zhang, and Shuo Jin. "Simple 1,8-diaminonaphthalene-based fluorescence chemosensor for hypochlorites and its practical application." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 199 (August 2014): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.03.105.

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17

STORZER, W., and D. D. DESMARTEAU. "ChemInform Abstract: Two Fluorinated, Fluorosulfonyl-Containing Hypochlorites and Their Alkali-Metal Precursors." ChemInform 23, no. 14 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199214149.

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18

Cheng, Xiaohong, Shaohua Qu, Zhicheng Zhong, and Wangnan Li. "Coumarin-Based Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorites and Real Application in Tap Water." Journal of Fluorescence 27, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-017-2081-7.

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19

Palazzi, Flavio, Andrea Blasi, Zahed Mohammadi, Massimo Del Fabbro, and Carlos Estrela. "Penetration of Sodium Hypochlorite Modified with Surfactants into Root Canal Dentin." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 2 (April 2016): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600650.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentration, exposure time and temperature of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) added with surfactants on its penetration into dentinal tubules. Sixty-five extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth with single canals were prepared by ProTaper SX hand-operated instruments. The teeth were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis. The crowns and apical thirds of all the teeth were removed. The remaining roots were processed into 4-mm-long blocks and stained overnight in crystal violet. One hundred and thirty stained blocks were further split into halves and treated by nine different types of NaOCl-based solutions. Three solutions were added with surfactants (Hypoclean, H6, Chlor-Xtra) and the others were regular hypochlorites at increasing concentrations (1%, 2%, 4%, 5.25%, <6%, 6% NaOCl) from different brands. The dentin blocks were exposed to the solutions for 2, 5, and 20 min at 20 °C, 37 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The depth of NaOCl penetration was determined by bleaching of the stain and measured by light microscopy at 20 and 40. Statistical comparisons were made by using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni's post-hoc correction. The shortest penetration (81±6.6 μm) was obtained after incubation in 1% NaOCl for 2 min at 20 °C; the highest penetration (376.3±3.8 μm) was obtained with Chlor-Xtra for 20 min at 45 °C. Varying NaOCl concentration produced a minimal effect while temperature and exposure time had a significant direct relationship with NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules, especially those with lowered surface tension. The exposure time and temperature of sodium hypochlorite as well as the addition of surfactants may influence the penetration depth of irrigants into dentinal tubules.

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20

AL-Hitti, Ismail K., and Ahmed SalihLateef. "Estimation of Hypochlorites in Commercial Bleaching Solutions by Cl-ISE and Platinum Electrode." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, no. 11 (2019): 5485. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00952.1.

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21

Dailey, Jennifer L., Ryan S. Hays, Hua Lee, Randall M. Mitchell, Jennifer J. Ries, Robert G. Landolt, Hollie H. Husmann, Joseph B. Lockridge, and William H. Hendrickson. "ChemInform Abstract: β-Scission of Tertiary Alkyl Hypochlorites Promoted by Phase-Transfer Catalysis." ChemInform 31, no. 33 (June 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200033042.

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22

Scholefield, F., and C. K. Patel. "Effect of light during the Bleaching of some Coloured Collulose Materials by Hypochlorites." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 45, no. 6 (October 22, 2008): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1929.tb01554.x.

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23

LUNGE, G., and L. LANDOLT. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MODES OF FORMATION PROPERTIES ETC, OF CERTAIN BLEACHING AGENTS (HYPOCHLORITES)." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1, no. 13 (October 22, 2008): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1885.tb00016.x.

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24

Randolph, Bruce B., and Darryl D. DesMarteau. "Synthesis of functionalized polyfluoroalkyl hypochlorites and fluoroxy compounds and their reactions with some fluoroalkenes." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 64, no. 1-2 (September 1993): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80070-6.

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25

Anelli, Pier Lucio, Stefano Banfi, Fernando Montanari, and Silvio Quici. "Oxidation of diols with alkali hypochlorites catalyzed by oxammonium salts under two-phase conditions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 12 (June 1989): 2970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00273a038.

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26

DUNN, LAUREL L., DARA M. SMITH, and FAITH J. CRITZER. "Transcriptomic Behavior of Salmonella enterica Newport in Response to Oxidative Sanitizers." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-299.

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ABSTRACT Agricultural water is a known source of contamination to fresh produce and can contain foodborne pathogens including Salmonella enterica, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni. To mitigate such risks, antimicrobial agents such as hypochlorites and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) can be applied to in-line irrigation systems as well as to water used in postharvest washing. Although these compounds are effective and widely used, some pathogenic bacteria adapt to survive exposure. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the Salmonella Newport transcriptome after exposure to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and PAA in a simulated agricultural water system. Overall cellular adaptive response was determined quantitatively as a function of overall gene expression of the >4,000 genes in the Salmonella Newport genome. Differentially expressed genes ranged from 11 due to 10-ppm NaOCl treatment, 316 due to 20-ppm NaOCl treatment, 1,719 due to 10-ppm PAA treatment, and 2,010 due to 20-ppm PAA treatment compared with that of the controls (water only). Differentially expressed transcripts included cellular functions such as biosynthesis, degradation, energy generation, and nonmetabolically linked functions. Oxidative exposure upregulated genes associated with key virulence, attachment, and gene transfer. Amino acid biosynthesis was upregulated due to NaOCl exposure but primarily downregulated when Salmonella Newport was exposed to PAA. Slight upregulation occurred in nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis, a known DNA repair mechanism seen during exposure to sanitizers. Our results indicate that Salmonella Newport reacts differently when exposed to NaOCl versus PAA, despite oxidative activity being the primary modes of antimicrobial action of both compounds. HIGHLIGHTS

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27

Hoogewerff, S., and W. A. van Dorp. "De l'action des hypochlorites et des hypobromites alcalins sur quelques imides et sur la phtaldiamide." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 10, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.18910100103.

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28

RANDOLPH, B. B., and D. D. DESMARTEAU. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Polyfluoroalkyl Hypochlorites and Fluoroxy Compounds and Their Reactions with Some Fluoroalkenes." ChemInform 26, no. 5 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199505105.

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29

Xiong, Kangming, Fangjun Huo, Caixia Yin, Yueying Chu, Yutao Yang, Jianbin Chao, and Anmin Zheng. "A novel recognition mechanism supported by experiment and theoretical calculation for hypochlorites recognition and its practical application." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 224 (March 2016): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.10.047.

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30

Reitz, Wayne. "A Review of: “Corrosion Handbook: Corrosive Agents and Their Interaction with Materials, Vol. 3, Hypochlorites, Phosphoric Acid”." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 21, no. 7 (October 2006): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910600939545.

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31

Jungkamp, Tim P. W., Ulf Kirchner, Mark Schmidt, and Ralph N. Schindler. "UV absorption cross-section data for the hypochlorites ROCl (R  H, CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7, tert-C4H9)." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 91, no. 1 (October 1995): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(95)04074-p.

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32

Lou, Xiaoding, Yi Zhang, Qianqian Li, Jingui Qin, and Zhen Li. "A highly specific rhodamine-based colorimetric probe for hypochlorites: a new sensing strategy and real application in tap water." Chemical Communications 47, no. 11 (2011): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04911e.

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33

Ruff, Ferenc, István Jalsovszky, Dénes Szabó, József Rábai, Ödön Farkas, and Árpád Kucsman. "Mechanism for the reactions of sulfides and sulfoxides with hypochlorites: racemization and oxygen exchange of oxysulfonium salts and sulfoxides." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 25, no. 12 (December 2012): 1086–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.2941.

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34

Lee, D. H., R. J. Miles, and B. F. Perry. "The mycoplasmacidal properties of sodium hypochlorite." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 2 (October 1985): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400062677.

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SUMMARYThe effect of hypochlorite concentration onMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoidesviability was tested under a variety of conditions. The experimental variables employed included chlorine-cell contact time, chlorine concentration, carrier system and organic loading. Initial populations of 106c.f.u./ml were killed (no survivors in 1 ml) by hypoehlorite solution containing 25 p.p.m. available chlorine in 15 s in the absence of organic load and 50 p.p.m. available chlorine in 5 min in the presence of 1% protein. Higher concentrations of hypochlorite were required to disinfect a porous carrier system in the absence or presence of protein. The results are in contrast to previous reports thatM. bovisis killed only by high hypochlorito concentrations.

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35

Radovits, Tamás, Julia Zotkina, Li-Ni Lin, Timo Bömicke, Rawa Arif, Domokos Gerö, Eszter M. Horváth, Matthias Karck, Csaba Szabó, and Gábor Szabó. "Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition Improves Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Hypochlorite." Experimental Biology and Medicine 232, no. 9 (October 2007): 1204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0701-rm-16.

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Reactive oxygen species, such as myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorite, induce oxidative stress and DNA injury. The subsequent activation of the DNA-damage–poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, circulatory shock, diabetic complications, and atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of PARP inhibition on the impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by hypochlorite. In organ bath experiments for isometric tension, we investigated the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation of isolated rat aortic rings using cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine and sodium nitro-prusside. Endothelial dysfunction was induced by exposing rings to hypochlorite (100–400 μ M). In the treatment group, rings were preincubated with the PARP inhibitor INO-1001. DNA strand breaks were assessed by the TUNEL method. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 4-hydroxynonenal (a marker of lipid peroxidation), nitrotyrosine (a marker of nitrosative stress), and poly(ADP-ribose) (an enzymatic product of PARP). Exposure to hypochlorite resulted in a dose-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings, which was significantly improved by PARP inhibition, whereas the endothelium-independent vasorelaxation remained unaffected. In the hypochlorite groups we found increased DNA breakage, lipidperoxidation, and enhanced nitrotyrosine formation. The hypochloride-induced activation of PARP was prevented by INO-1001. Our results demonstrate that PARP activation contributes to the pathogenesis of hypochlorite-induced endothelial dysfunction, which can be prevented by PARP inhibitors.

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36

Huo, Fang-Jun, Jing-Jing Zhang, Yu-Tao Yang, Jian-Bin Chao, Cai-Xia Yin, Yong-Bin Zhang, and Ting-Gui Chen. "A fluorescein-based highly specific colorimetric and fluorescent probe for hypochlorites in aqueous solution and its application in tap water." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 166-167 (May 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.081.

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37

Jung, Dawoon, Chung-Ju Chen, and Joseph W. Bozzelli. "Structures, Rotation Barrier, and Thermodynamic Properties ΔHf°298,S°298, andCp(T) of Chloromethyl Hypochlorites CH3OCl, CH2ClOCl, CHCl2OCl, and CCl3OCl." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 104, no. 42 (October 2000): 9581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp001469j.

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38

Ariffin, Ahmad Fahmi, Mohd Hafizal Harudin, S. Kanagasingam, MM Rahman, and WA Wan Noorina. "Apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite irrigation during root canal treatment using monoject or hypodermic irrigation needle." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i4.30717.

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Objective: Sodium hypochlorite has been routinely delivered into the pulp canal via irrigation needle. The study aimed at to determine the advantage and disadvantage of apical extrusion of sodium hypochloride using monoject or hypodermic irrigation needle in root canal treatment.Materials and Methods: Eighty single rooted teeth with closed apices were used in this in vitro study to determine apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite using the gel diffusion technique. Extracted human anterior teeth were used as study samples. Monoject (size 27G) and hypodermic (27G× ½, 0.40×13mm, Terumo Needle) irrigation needle were used. The highest concentration of 5.25% hypochlorite solution was used for irrigation. To standardize the time diffusion of the dye, the gel was photographed at exactly 20 minutes after the initial irrigation with sodium hypochlorite.Results: A total of 36 out of 40 (90%) teeth in the hypodermic needle group showed positive apical extrusion compared to 14 of 40 teeth (35%) in the monoject group regardless of apical size. The discoloration of agar was clearly obtained after the sample tooth had been irrigated with sodium hypochlorite indicating the sign of apical extrusion. It is therefore; recommend that monoject irrigation needle should be used by students regardless of costs during root canal treatment in the polyclinic or dental clinic due to its safety in order to prevent sodium hypochlorite accident.Conclusion: Monoject needle showed significantly less sodium hypochlorite extrusion compared to hypodermic needleBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.575-578

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39

Bäßler, R. "Corrosion Books: Corrosion Handbook - Corrosive Agents and Their Interaction with Materials Volume 3: Hypochlorites, Phosphoric Acids. By: G. Kreysa, M. Schütze." Materials and Corrosion 56, no. 12 (December 2005): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200590118.

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40

Kusumawardhani, Tabita, Sukaton Sukaton, and Achmad Sudirman. "PERBEDAAN KHASIAT ANTIBAKTERI BAHAN IRIGASI LARUTAN PROPOLIS DAN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus viridans." Conservative Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v8i1.2018.42-48.

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Background. Bacteria is main etiologycal factor of pulpo-periapical disease. Therefore, eliminating bacteria is the important part on root canal treatment. It can be obtained by using irrigation agent that has antibacterial effect and endodontic sterilization agent. Beside of its antibacterial effect, the ideal irrigation agent should has an ability to remove necrotic tissue and less toxic. Propolis is well known as a natural substain that has antibacterial effect and less toxicity. So, it has a potential use as irrigation agent compared with common root canal irrigation agent, sodium hypochloryte. Purpose. The aim of this study was to observed the difference of antibacterial effect between propolis solution and sodium hypochlorite. Method. Nine samples of Streptococcus viridans were prepared and each sample devided into three parts namely group P (propolis solution), group N (sodium hypochlorite), and control group S (saline). Each group was treated with 0,01 cc agent of root canal irrigation, then was stored in incubator 370C for 24 hours. After that, inhibition zone diameter of each group was observed.Result. The average of inhibition zone diameters in sodium hypochlorite’s group was 23,47 mm; in propolis solution’s group was 18,70 mm. There were significant difference of antibacterial effect between propolis solution and sodium hypochlorite, against Streptococcus viridans. Conclussion. Antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite is higher than propolis solution, but we should consider the potential use of natural agent-propolis solution as root canal irrigation due to its antibacterial effect.

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41

Karic, Natasa, Jelena Rusmirovic, Maja Djolic, Tihomir Kovacevic, Ljiljana Pecic, Zeljko Radovanovic, and Aleksandar Marinkovic. "Preparation and properties of hydrogen peroxide oxidized starch for industrial use." Chemical Industry 74, no. 1 (2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind190722004k.

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Oxidized starch, an additive used in paper manufacturing and products for construction industry, is usually produced using harmful oxidant, such as hypochlorites or periodates. In this study, a simple and efficient eco-friendly laboratory and industrial procedures for starch oxidation were developed. The procedure involves application of small amounts of more environmentally friendly oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, a novel special metal complex catalyst such as copper(II) citrate and copper(II) ricinoleate and biobased plasticizers. Optimization procedure, with respect to the quantity of hydrogen peroxide and temperature in the presence of iron(II) sulphate catalyst, was performed by using the response surface methodology. Compa-rative analysis of the use of the other catalysts that is copper(II) sulphate, copper(II) citrate and copper(II) ricinoleate, indicated copper(II) citrate as the catalyst of choice. Improvement of starch is achieved using three plasticizers: ricinoleic acid (RA), diisopropyl tartarate, as well as epoxidized soybean, linseed and sunflower oils. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst concentrations, as well as the reaction temperature in the presence of naturally based plasticizers on the physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of oxidized starch are presented. According to the results obtained in initial experiments, the optimal industrial process is based on the use of copper(II) citrate (0.1 %) as a catalyst and RA (3 %) as a plasticizer.

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42

Ikromov, T., and A. Abdulaliev. "Application of indirect electrochemical oxidation of blood in a complex of intensive therapy in children with urolithiasis complicated with chronic kidney disease." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.1 (October 11, 2020): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.1-77.

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Objective. To study the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in children with urolithiasis complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods. The results of the use of sodium hypochlorite 0.03-0.06 % in the pre- and postoperative period in 20 patients with urolithiasis complicated by stage IV CKD were analyzed. The indices of endogenous intoxication in venous cubital blood (VСK), mixed venous blood (MVB) flowing to the lungs and arterial blood (AB) flowing from the lungs were studied. Indirect electrochemical oxidation of blood (IEOB) was carried out in 20 patients with stage. For children under 12 years old, we used 0.03 %, and for the older age group from 12 to 18 years old ‒ 0.06 %, the volume of the injected solution did not exceed 1/10 of the patient’s CBV per infusion, at a rate of 40-60 drops/min. We have studied the use of sodium hypochloride (NaCIO) as a component of complex intensive care (CIC) in preoperative preparation in children with urolithiasis complicated by CKD and the effect of sodium hypochloride on detoxification lung function (DLF). Results. There was a significant increase in low molecular weight toxic substances (creatinine, calurea), average mass molecules (AMM), lipid peroxidized products, oligopeptides of a high necrotic body mass (NB), circulating immune complex (CIC), integral indicators of toxicity leukocyte index of intoxication and index of intoxication, as well as a decrease in antioxidant protection, more pronounced at sub- and decompensated stages of DLF impairment in the examined group of patients before treatment in the basin of VKK, VCK and AB. In 7 (35.0 %) patients ‒ 1b compensated, in 13 (65.0 %) ‒ subcompensated stage of impairment. Conclusions. CIC with the use of IEOB in the preoperative preparation by infusion of sodium hypochlorite in this subgroup of patients significantly improved DLF in relation to NB, CIC and high-weight oligopeptides. The use of NaCIO leads to inactivation of the entire spectrum of AMM and large toxic molecular compounds fixed on the membranes of blood corpuscles, and also, ensures the transformation of hydrophobic metabolites into hydrophilic ones, which are actively excreted by excretory organs.

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Yu, Hai-Xia, Junge Zhi, Tianjiao Shen, Weilu Ding, Xiaoling Zhang, and Jin-Liang Wang. "Donor–acceptor type aggregation-induced emission luminophores based on the 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone unit for bridge-dependent reversible mechanochromism and light-up biosensing of hypochlorites." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 29 (2019): 8888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc01772k.

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Trifonova, V. N., L. N. Zorina, R. R. Chanyshev, V. V. Zorin, and D. L. Rakhmankulov. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,5′-Bis(5-nitro-1,3-dioxanyles) by Reaction of Lithium Salts of Unsubstituted and 2-Methylsubstituted 5-Nitro-1,3-dioxane with Alkyl Hypochlorites." ChemInform 31, no. 48 (November 28, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200048172.

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Baur, Rob. "“Hypochlorite Heaven” A Hypochlorite System that Solves Hypochlorite Problems." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784547269.

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&NA;. "Sodium hypochlorite." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1206 (June 2008): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812060-00093.

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&NA;. "Sodium hypochlorite." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1262 (July 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912620-00089.

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&NA;. "Sodium hypochlorite." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1262 (July 2009): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912620-00090.

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&NA;. "Sodium hypochlorite." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1278 (November 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912780-00082.

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&NA;. "Sodium hypochlorite." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 294 (March 1990): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199002940-00048.

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