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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypoglossus mucle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhu, Alexander, Suresh Mohan, Jeremy D. Richmon, and Nate Jowett. "An Anatomic Variant of the Ansa Cervicalis Precluding Its Use as a Donor Nerve." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 1 (2019): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419875975.

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Background: The ansa cervicalis is useful for cranial nerve repair, and may be harvested without apparent morbidity. Herein we report an unusual and surgically relevant anatomic variant of the ansa cervicalis. Methods: An adult male with left parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma underwent parotidectomy with upper-division facial nerve resection and planned interposition repair using the ansa cervicalis. The ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve was identified, together with a descending branch producing strap muscle contraction when stimulated. This presumed descendens hypoglossi was unusually large in ca

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Ryan, Stephen, and Philip Nolan. "Superior laryngeal and hypoglossal afferents tonically influence upper airway motor excitability in anesthetized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 3 (2005): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00776.2004.

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Upper airway (UA) muscle activity is stimulated by changes in UA transmural pressure and by asphyxia. These responses are reduced by muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that this is due to a change in afferent feedback in the ansa hypoglossi and/or superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). We examined 1) the glossopharyngeal motor responses to UA transmural pressure and asphyxia and 2) how these responses were changed by muscle relaxation in animals where one or both of these afferent pathways had been sectioned bilaterally. Experiments were performed in 24 anesthetized, thoracotomized, artificially vent

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3

Sturm, Joshua J., Oleg Modik, Ioannis Koutsourelakis, and Maria V. Suurna. "Contralateral Tongue Muscle Activation during Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 6 (2020): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820917147.

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Objective The effectiveness of upper airway stimulation via hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea depends upon the pattern of tongue muscle activation produced. This study investigated the nature of contralateral tongue muscle activation by unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation using intraoperative nerve integrity monitoring in conjunction with electromyography and explored the relationship between contralateral tongue muscle activation and polysomnographic measures of obstructive sleep apnea severity. Study Design Prospective case series. Setting Tertiary care medical c

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Srinivas, G., D.V. Ramanjaneyulu, E. Muralinath, et al. "An Essential Parameters of Anatomy of Lymph Node Include Structure, Functions, Embryology, Blood Supply, Different Types of Lymph Nodes and Clinical Significance." Journal of Research and Reviews in Homeopathy, Siddha & Unani 2, no. 1 (2025): 38–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15516610.

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<em>Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs, including the tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus, make up the lymphatic system. These aid in cell recycling at the end of its life cycle, interstitial fluid filtration and drainage, and acquired and innate immunity. End-stage capillary fluid leakage is returned to the vascular system through the superficial and deep lymphatic vessels, which empty into the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct. The lymph from the right upper quadrant of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct, which passes along the medial edge of the scalenus anteri

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5

Yoshioka, Nobutaka. "Hypoglossal-Facial Side-to-End Neurorrhaphy With Concomitant Masseteric-Zygomatic Nerve Branch Coaptation and Muscle Transfer for Facial Reanimation: Technique and Case Report." Operative Neurosurgery 19, no. 3 (2020): E230—E235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opaa128.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Hypoglossal-facial direct side-to-end neurorrhaphy has become widely used for facial reanimation in patients with irreversible facial nerve damage. Although this procedure achieves good restoration of facial function, it has disadvantages such as mass movement and lack of spontaneity. OBJECTIVE To present a new facial reanimation technique using hypoglossal-facial direct side-to-end neurorrhaphy with concomitant masseteric-zygomatic nerve branch coaptation and secondary muscle transfer to reduce mass movement and achieve a spontaneous smile in patients with facial paralysis

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Watanabe, Shiho, Hiroko Ochiai, Hisashi Sakuma, et al. "Muscle Fiber Composition Changes after Selective Nerve Innervation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (2022): 7856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147856.

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Facial nerve paralysis interferes with mimetic muscle function. To reconstruct natural facial movement, free muscle flaps are transplanted as new muscles. However, it is difficult to maintain resting tonus. A dual innervation technique in which other nerves such as the hypoglossal nerve or contralateral facial nerve are added is often applied. Using 10-week-old rats (n = 10), the masseteric and hypoglossal nerves were cut, and the distal stump of the masseteric nerve and the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve were then sutured (suture group). In the other group, the masseteric nerve was c

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Yamada, Ryuji, and Haruhide Kimura. "0048 Orexin 2 receptor agonist activates pre-Bötzinger complex neurons, hypoglossal motoneurons and the genioglossus muscle in rodents." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A22—A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0048.

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Abstract Introduction Neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex are critical for the generation of inspiratory rhythm and control the activity of the genioglossus muscle via activation of hypoglossal motoneurons. Activation of the genioglossus muscle causes anterior movement of the tongue and widens the upper airway. As obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obstruction of the upper airway, activation of this neuronal pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach. Orexins have been shown to activate these neurons by stimulation of both orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and/or orexin 2 receptor (OX2R

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Fernandez, Eduardo, Francesco Doglietto, Alessandro Ciampini, and Liverana Lauretti. "Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 1 (2007): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/07/0244.

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The aim of this paper was to report on further experience with a new technique for reanimation of the facial nerve. This procedure allows a straight end-to-side hypoglossal–facial anastomosis without interruption of the 12th cranial nerve or the need for graft interposition. It is technically demanding and time consuming but offers an effective, reliable, and extraordinarily quick means of reinnervating the facial muscles, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, thus avoiding the need for a gold weight in the eyelid or a fascial sling.

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9

Wan, Hong, Liwei Zhang, Stephane Blanchard, et al. "Combination of hypoglossal-facial nerve surgical reconstruction and neurotrophin-3 gene therapy for facial palsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 3 (2013): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.1.jns121176.

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Object Facial nerve injury results in facial palsy that has great impact on the psychosocial conditions of affected patients. Reconstruction of the facial nerve to restore facial symmetry and expression is still a significant surgical challenge. In this study, the authors assessed a hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis method combined with neurotrophic factor gene therapy to treat facial palsy in adult rats after facial nerve injury. Methods Surgery consisted of the interposition of a predegenerated nerve graft (PNG) that was anastomosed with the hypoglossal and facial nerves at each of its ex

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10

Holcombe, Susan Jane, Frederik Jan Derksen, John Alan Stick, and N. Edward Robinson. "Effects of bilateral hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerve blocks on epiglottic and soft palate position in exercising horses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 9 (1997): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.09.1022.

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Abstract Objective To determine the effect of bilateral hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerve block on epiglottic and soft palate position and tracheal and pharyngeal pressures in exercising horses. Animals 5 Standardbreds. Procedure Tracheal and pharyngeal pressures were measured in 5 Standardbreds exercising at the speed at which the horses achieved 50, 75, and 100% of maximal heart rate after bilateral hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerve block and without nerve block. Nerve block was achieved by injection of 1 to 2 ml of 2% mepivicaine hydrochloride between the glossopharyngeal and hypo

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Anonsen, C. K., L. G. Duckert, and C. W. Cummings. "Preliminary Observations after Facial Rehabilitation with the Ansa Hypoglossi Pedicle Transfer." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, no. 3 (1986): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400307.

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Facial paralysis is a very disabling condition, both functionally and cosmetically. Despite the different methods of facial reanimation that have been described, there is no single method that will restore normal facial tone and motion. Of the methods available, primary neurorrhaphy is probably the most effective. The recovery period, however, is prolonged and, as a result, muscle tone and bulk may be lost. The hypoglossal-facial anastomosis 7 – 12 is also a very reliable and effective technique but requires necessary interruption of both major cranial nerve trunks. Transfer of a neuromuscular

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Wan, Hong, Liwei Zhang, Dezhi Li, et al. "Hypoglossal-facial nerve “side”-to-side neurorrhaphy for persistent incomplete facial palsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 1 (2014): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.jns13664.

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Object Hypoglossal-facial nerve neurorrhaphy is a widely used method for treating complete facial palsy. However, the classic surgical procedure using a “side”-to-end neurorrhaphy is not suitable for incomplete facial palsy (IFP), because sectioning of the facial nerve for neurorrhaphy compromises remnant axons and potential spontaneous reinnervation. For the treatment of persistent IFP, the authors investigated in rats a modified method using hypoglossal-facial nerve “side”-to-side neurorrhaphy. Methods An IFP model was created by crushing the facial nerve and then ligating the injury site to

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Campero, Alvaro, and Mariano Socolovsky. "Facial Reanimation by Means of the Hypoglossal Nerve: Anatomic Comparison of Different Techniques." Operative Neurosurgery 61, suppl_3 (2007): ONS—41—ONS—50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000289710.95426.19.

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Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the various anatomical and surgical relationships between the facial and hypoglossal nerves to define the required length of each for a nerve transfer, either by means of a classical hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis or combined with any of its variants developed to reduce tongue morbidities. Methods: Five adult cadaver heads were bilaterally dissected in the parotid and submaxillary regions. Two clinical cases are described for illustration. Results: The prebifurcation extracranial facial nerve is found 4.82 ± 0.88 mm from the ext

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Johnson, Matthew D., Yazan M. Dweiri, Jason Cornelius, et al. "Model-based analysis of implanted hypoglossal nerve stimulation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea." Sleep 44, Supplement_1 (2021): S11—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa269.

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Abstract Study Objectives Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by frequent sleep disruptions from tongue muscle relaxation and airway blockage, are known to benefit from on-demand electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy, which activates the protrusor muscles of the tongue during inspiration, has been established in multiple clinical studies as safe and effective, but the mechanistic understanding for why some stimulation parameters work better than others has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods In this study, w

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HARA, I., T. HIRAKAWA, E. HONDA, T. SETO, and S. NAKAHARA. "Masseter muscle activity and the hypoglossal nerve." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 22, no. 4 (1995): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00092.x.

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Cheetham, Jonathan, John H. Pigott, John W. Hermanson, et al. "Role of the hypoglossal nerve in equine nasopharyngeal stability." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (2009): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91177.2008.

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The equine upper airway is highly adapted to provide the extremely high oxygen demand associated with strenuous aerobic exercise in this species. The tongue musculature, innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, plays an important role in airway stability in humans who also have a highly adapted upper airway to allow speech. The role of the hypoglossal nerve in stabilizing the equine upper airway has not been established. Isolated tongues from eight mature horses were dissected to determine the distal anatomy and branching of the equine hypoglossal nerve. Using this information, a peripheral nerve

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Kmeid, Elio, Martin Hitier, Edmond Jalkh, and Marion Perreard. "A Cadaveric Study of the Hypoglossal Nerve Landmarks: What Does ChatGPT Know and Suggest?" Anatomia 4, no. 2 (2025): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia4020006.

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Background/Objectives: The hypoglossal nerve plays a crucial role in cervical surgery, requiring precise anatomical knowledge to prevent iatrogenic injury. This study examined its position relative to key structures using cadaveric dissections and assessed ChatGPT-4’s reliability in providing anatomical insights. Methods: Ten cadavers were dissected to identify the hypoglossal nerve’s course in relation to the internal jugular vein, carotid arteries, thyro-linguo-facial trunk, hyoid bone, and digastric muscle. Measurements were taken, and ChatGPT was queried for anatomical guidance and surgica

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Bailey, E. Fiona, Yu-Hsien Huang, and Ralph F. Fregosi. "Anatomic consequences of intrinsic tongue muscle activation." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 5 (2006): 1377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2006.

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We recently showed respiratory-related coactivation of both extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles in the rat. Here, we test the hypothesis that intrinsic tongue muscles contribute importantly to changes in velopharyngeal airway volume. Spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats were placed in a MRI scanner. A catheter was placed in the hypopharynx and connected to a pressure source. Axial and sagittal images of the velopharyngeal airway were obtained, and the volume of each image was computed at airway pressures ranging from +5.0 to −5.0 cmH2O. We obtained images in the hypoglossal intact anim

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Fernando, D. A., R. S. A. Lord, and J. Ozmen. "The Blood Supply of the Hypoglossal Nerve and its Relevance to Carotid Endarterectomy." Cardiovascular Surgery 7, no. 3 (1999): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721099900700303.

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Since the hypoglossal nerve is liable to injury during carotid endarterectomy and similar procedures, its blood supply was examined in microinjection studies of human cadavers. The nerve is supplied by arteries that arise from the ascending pharyngeal artery as it exits from the hypoglossal canal, the occipital artery as the nerve passes under its branch to the sternomastoid muscle, direct branches from the external carotid artery, and branches from the ascending pharyngeal artery just near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Within and close to the tongue, the nerve is supplied by b

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Elkatatny, Amr Abdelmonam Abdelaziz M., Hany Abdelrahim Abdelrazik Abdallah, Dina Ghoraba, Tarek Ahmed Amer, and Tarek Hamdy. "Hypoglossal Facial Nerve Anastomosis for Post-Operative and Post-Traumatic Complete Facial Nerve Paralysis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (2019): 3984–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.490.

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AIM: This study aims to evaluate the outcome of patients with complete facial paralysis following surgery to cerebellopontine angle tumours or following traumatic petrous bone fractures after reanimation by hypoglossal-facial anastomosis as regards clinical improvement of facial asymmetry and facial muscle contractility as well as complications associated with hypoglossal-facial reanimation procedure. METHODS: This thesis included a prospective study to be carried out on 15 patients with unilateral complete lower motor neuron facial paralysis (11 patients after cerebellopontine angle tum

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Rice, Amber, Andrew J. Fuglevand, Christopher M. Laine, and Ralph F. Fregosi. "Synchronization of presynaptic input to motor units of tongue, inspiratory intercostal, and diaphragm muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (2011): 2330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01078.2010.

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The respiratory central pattern generator distributes rhythmic excitatory input to phrenic, intercostal, and hypoglossal premotor neurons. The degree to which this input shapes motor neuron activity can vary across respiratory muscles and motor neuron pools. We evaluated the extent to which respiratory drive synchronizes the activation of motor unit pairs in tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus) and chest-wall (diaphragm, external intercostals) muscles using coherence analysis. This is a frequency domain technique, which characterizes the frequency and relative strength of neural inputs that are c

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Yamada, Ryuji, Tatsuki Koike, Masanori Nakakariya, and Haruhide Kimura. "Orexin receptor 2 agonist activates diaphragm and genioglossus muscle through stimulating inspiratory neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex, and phrenic and hypoglossal motoneurons in rodents." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0306099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306099.

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Orexin-mediated stimulation of orexin receptors 1/2 (OX[1/2]R) may stimulate the diaphragm and genioglossus muscle via activation of inspiratory neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex, which are critical for the generation of inspiratory rhythm, and phrenic and hypoglossal motoneurons. Herein, we assessed the effects of OX2R-selective agonists TAK-925 (danavorexton) and OX-201 on respiratory function. In in vitro electrophysiologic analyses using rat medullary slices, danavorexton and OX-201 showed tendency and significant effect, respectively, in increasing the frequency of inspiratory synaptic

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Rie, Shimotakahara, Hyeyong Lee, Daisaku Nishimoto, and Shigemitsu Ogata. "Morphological study of the hypoglossal and lingual nerves." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 05, no. 03 (2016): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401605.

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Abstract Background and objectives: In treatment of dental conditions and dental anaesthesiology, a thorough understaoding of course, directions and distribution of nerves and blood vessels supplying the tongue is extremely important. However, the morphology of the nerves supplying the tongue has not yet been fully understood. We applied comparative anatomical approach in order to observe innervation of the tongue in detail, with the focus on the distribution of the lingual nerves and its communication with the hypoglossal nerve. Material and methods: Ten adult human tongues with no grossly de

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Mameli, O., S. Stanzani, A. Russo, et al. "Hypoglossal nucleus projections to the rat masseter muscle." Brain Research 1283 (August 2009): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.004.

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Stevens, Bryan J., Ashley M. Geer, Gregory R. Dion, Adrienne M. Laury, and Nicholas J. Scalzitti. "Cricopharyngeal Muscle Dysfunction Following Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Placement." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 144, no. 10 (2018): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1700.

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Mirilas, Petros. "Lateral Congenital Anomalies of the Pharyngeal Apparatus: Part III. Cadaveric Representation of the Course of Second and Third Cleft and Pouch Fistulas." American Surgeon 77, no. 9 (2011): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700939.

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“Stepladder” surgery for fistula from second or third pharyngeal cleft and pouch is “blind.” Neither intraoperative methylene blue injection and probing nor preoperative imaging (fistulo-gram ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) reveal three-dimensional anatomic relations of fistulas. This article describes the most common second and third fistula courses and demonstrates representation of their tracts with wires in human cadavers. A second cleft and pouch fistula, at its external opening, pierces superficial cervical fascia (and platysma), then investing cervical fasci

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Schwartz, Alan R., Philip L. Smith, and Arie Oliven. "Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve: a potential therapy." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 3 (2014): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00423.2013.

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Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal collapse, which result from a decrease in pharyngeal dilator muscle tone. The genioglossus is a major pharyngeal dilator that maintains airway patency during sleep. Early studies in animal and humans have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of this muscle reduces pharyngeal collapsibility, increases airflow, and mitigates obstructive sleep apnea. These findings impelled the development of fully implantable hypoglossal nerve stimulating systems (HGNS), for which feasibility trial results are now available. These p

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Umezaki, Toshiro, Ken Nakazawa, and Alan D. Miller. "Behaviors of hypoglossal hyoid motoneurons in laryngeal and vestibular reflexes and in deglutition and emesis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 4 (1998): R950—R955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r950.

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Reflex responses of hypoglossal motoneurons innervating the geniohyoid (GH) and thyrohyoid (TH) muscles from the superior laryngeal (SLN) and vestibular nerves and their behaviors during fictive swallowing and vomiting were examined by recording both the extracellular activities of 11 single cells in the hypoglossal nucleus and GH and TH muscle nerve activity in eight decerebrate, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats. The majority of TH motoneurons were either active and/or exhibited shortened antidromic latencies during early expiration. In contrast, GH motoneurons did not exhibit any

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Ali Kheir, Walaa. "Unilateral hypoglossal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve weakness following endotracheal intubation." Journal of Anesthesia & Critical Care: Open Access 11, no. 3 (2019): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jaccoa.2019.11.00417.

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Endotracheal intubation with cuffed tube is a safe procedure associated with few complications in majority of patients. Immediate complications are primarily associated with problems dring intubation and extubation while early and late complications represent the short- and long-term effets of epithelial trauma. True vocal cord paralysis may follow endotracheal intubation and be the result of peripheral nerve damage. This damage can occur as the result of compressing the nerve between an inflated endotracheal tube cuff and the overlying thyroid cartilage.1 The hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial n

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Fusco, Anna F., Angela L. McCall, Justin S. Dhindsa, et al. "The Respiratory Phenotype of Pompe Disease Mouse Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (2020): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062256.

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Pompe disease is a glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency in acid α-glucosidase (GAA), a hydrolase necessary for the degradation of lysosomal glycogen. This deficiency in GAA results in muscle and neuronal glycogen accumulation, which causes respiratory insufficiency. Pompe disease mouse models provide a means of assessing respiratory pathology and are important for pre-clinical studies of novel therapies that aim to treat respiratory dysfunction and improve quality of life. This review aims to compile and summarize existing manuscripts that characterize the respiratory phenotype of P

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Schiefer, Matthew, Jenniffer Gamble, and Kingman P. Strohl. "Sciatic nerve stimulation and its effects on upper airway resistance in the anesthetized rabbit model relevant to sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 3 (2018): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00225.2018.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by collapse of the velopharynx and/or oropharynx during sleep when drive to the upper airway is reduced. Here, we explore an indirect approach for activation of upper airway muscles that might affect airway dynamics, namely, unilateral electrical stimulation of the afferent fibers of the sciatic nerve, in an anesthetized rabbit model. A nerve cuff electrode was placed around the sciatic and hypoglossal nerves to deliver stimulus while airflow, air pressure, and alae nasi electromyogram (EMG) were monitored both before and after sciatic

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Henares, A., M. Vicente-Ruiz, and B. Hontanilla. "Masseteric nerve vs. hypoglossal nerve: choice of donor nerve in the reanimation of short-term facial palsy." ANALES RANM 140, no. 140(03) (2023): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2023.140.03.rev07.

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A number of techniques have been developed to repair the aesthetic and functional defects in patients affected by facial paralysis. The choice of technique in the dynamic rehabilitation of the smile is influenced by factors such as the patient’s age, facial phenotype, time of evolution or the surgeon’s preferences, among others. When a nerve transfer or the neurotization of a muscle transplant are performed, the dilemma arises of selecting the ideal donor nerve. The hypoglossal and masseteric nerves are usually used for this type of procedure. Although the hypoglossal nerve can achieve effecti

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Wealing, J. C., M. Cholanian, E. G. Flanigan, R. B. Levine, and R. F. Fregosi. "Diverse physiological properties of hypoglossal motoneurons innervating intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 5 (2019): 2054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00478.2019.

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The mammalian tongue contains eight muscles that collaborate to ensure that suckling, swallowing, and other critical functions are robust and reliable. Seven of the eight tongue muscles are innervated by hypoglossal motoneurons (XIIMNs). A somatotopic organization of the XII motor nucleus, defined in part by the mechanical action of a neuron’s target muscle, has been described, but whether or not XIIMNs within a compartment are functionally specialized is unsettled. We hypothesize that developing XIIMNs are assigned unique functional properties that reflect the challenges that their target mus

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Osburn, Leisha L., Aage R. Møller, Jay R. Bhatt, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "Hemilingual Spasm." Neurosurgery 67, no. 1 (2010): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370596.78384.2b.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE We report on vascular compression syndrome of the 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal), an occurrence not previously reported, and demonstrate, through corresponding objective electrophysiological evidence, that microvascular decompression of the hypoglossal nerve root can cure hemilingual spasm. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 52-year-old man had lower face muscle twitching and tongue spasms, which worsened with talking, chewing, or emotional stress. Carbamazepine offered only temporary relief, and relief from injections of botulinum toxin was insignificant. He was referred for surgica

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Sood, Sandeep, Xia Liu, Hattie Liu, and Richard L. Horner. "Genioglossus muscle activity and serotonergic modulation of hypoglossal motor output in obese Zucker rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 6 (2007): 2240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01229.2006.

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Obese Zucker rats have a narrower and more collapsible upper airway compared with lean controls, similar to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Genioglossus (GG) muscle activity is augmented in awake OSA patients to compensate for airway narrowing, but the neural control of GG activity in obese Zucker rats has not been investigated to determine whether such neuromuscular compensation also occurs. This study tests the hypotheses that GG activity is augmented in obese Zucker rats compared with lean controls and that endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contributes to GG activation. Seven ob

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Sutlive, Thomas G., J. Ross McClung, and Stephen J. Goldberg. "Whole-Muscle and Motor-Unit Contractile Properties of the Styloglossus Muscle in Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (1999): 584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.584.

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Investigations of whole muscle and motor-unit contractile properties have provided valuable information for our understanding of the spinal cord and extraocular motor systems. However, no previous investigation has examined these properties in an isolated tongue muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the contractile properties and muscle fiber types of the rat styloglossus muscle. The styloglossus is one of three extrinsic tongue muscles and serves to retract the tongue within the oral cavity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 19) were used in these experiments. The contractile

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Bilińska, Małgorzata, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "Hypoglossal nerve stimulation [HGNS] for Obstructive Sleep Apnea [OSA] treatment – a review." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 6, no. 3 (2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5196.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent periods of upper airway obstruction (hypopneas and apneas) during sleep. It leads to repeated oxyhemoglobin desaturations, nocturnal hypercapnia, and arousals. Common symptoms include loud snoring with breathing interruptions. Excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment occur. Obstructive sleep apnea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Its association with an increased risk of development and progression of neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and oncologic diseases and complications is well

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Connor, Nadine P., John A. Russell, Michelle A. Jackson, et al. "Tongue muscle plasticity following hypoglossal nerve stimulation in aged rats." Muscle & Nerve 47, no. 2 (2012): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.23499.

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Sturm, Joshua J., Oleg Modik, and Maria V. Suurna. "Neurophysiological monitoring of tongue muscle activation during hypoglossal nerve stimulation." Laryngoscope 130, no. 7 (2019): 1836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.28341.

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Bailey, E. Fiona, Amber D. Rice, and Andrew J. Fuglevand. "Firing Patterns of Human Genioglossus Motor Units During Voluntary Tongue Movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00737.2006.

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The tongue participates in a range of complex oromotor behaviors, including mastication, swallowing, respiration, and speech. Previous electromyographic studies of the human tongue have focused on respiratory-related tongue muscle activities and their role in maintaining upper airway patency. Remarkably, the activities of human hypoglossal motor units have not been studied during the execution of voluntary maneuvers. We recorded single motor unit activity using tungsten microelectrodes in the genioglossus muscle of 10 healthy human subjects performing both slow tongue protrusions and a static

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Morrison, Janna L., Sandeep Sood, Xia Liu, et al. "Glycine at hypoglossal motor nucleus: genioglossus activity, CO2 responses, and the additive effects of GABA." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 5 (2002): 1786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2002.

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There is evidence for glycine and GABAA-receptor-mediated inhibition of hypoglossal motoneurons in vitro. However, comparable studies have not been performed in vivo, and the interactions of such mechanisms with integrative reflex respiratory control have also not been determined. This study tests the hypotheses that glycine at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) will suppress genioglossus (GG) muscle activity, even in the presence of hypercapnic respiratory stimulation, and the effects of glycine will be blocked by strychnine. We also determined whether coapplication of glycine and muscimol (

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Laine, Christopher M., and E. Fiona Bailey. "Common Synaptic Input to the Human Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (2011): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00766.2010.

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The tongue plays a key role in various volitional and automatic functions such as swallowing, maintenance of airway patency, and speech. Precisely how hypoglossal motor neurons, which control the tongue, receive and process their often concurrent input drives is a subject of ongoing research. We investigated common synaptic input to the hypoglossal motor nucleus by measuring the coordination of spike timing, firing rate, and oscillatory activity across motor units recorded from unilateral (i.e., within a belly) or bilateral (i.e., across both bellies) locations within the genioglossus (GG), th

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Ferraresi, Stefano, Debora Garozzo, Vittorino Migliorini, and Paolo Buffatti. "End-to-side intrapetrous hypoglossal–facial anastomosis for reanimation of the face." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 3 (2006): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.3.457.

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✓ The aim of this paper was to report on further experience with a new technique for reanimation of the facial nerve. This procedure allows a straight end-to-side hypoglossal–facial anastomosis without interruption of the 12th cranial nerve or the need for graft interposition. It is technically demanding and time consuming but offers an effective, reliable, and extraordinarily quick means of reinnervating the facial muscles, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, thus avoiding the need for a gold weight in the eyelid or a fascial sling.

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Tsymbaliuk, Iaroslav, Volodymyr Medvediev, Vitalii Tsymbaliuk, et al. "Comparative analysis of the nerve transfer methodologies used during surgical treatment of peripheral facial paresis." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 33, no. 3 (2020): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0025.

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AbstractIntroduction. When considering the array of biomedical problems associated with facial nerve palsy (FNP), it is apparent that the problem of choosing an effective type of facial nerve transfer is of paramount relevance. Hence, it is to the pursuit of a solution to the above stated problem that our study is devoted.Materials and methods. We analyzed the data obtained as a result of assessing the outcome of 149 patients with trauma-caused FNP who had undergone surgical treatments in the period between 2001-2018. The FN nerve transfer techniques utilized were as such: for group 1 – the us

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Fregosi, Ralph F. "Influence of tongue muscle contraction and dynamic airway pressure on velopharyngeal volume in the rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 104, no. 3 (2008): 682–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01043.2007.

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The mammalian pharynx is a collapsible tube that narrows during inspiration as transmural pressure becomes negative. The velopharynx (VP), which lies posterior to the soft palate, is considered to be one of the most collapsible pharyngeal regions. I tested the hypothesis that negative transmural pressure would narrow the VP, and that electrical stimulation of extrinsic tongue muscles would reverse this effect. Pressure (−6, −3, 3, and 6 cmH2O) was applied to the isolated pharyngeal airway of anesthetized rats that were positioned in a 4.7-T MRI scanner. The volume of eight axial slices encompa

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Kanshina, Daria S., Maria A. Surma, Yuri N. Orlov, Maria G. Podgurskaya, Daria V. Vasilyeva та Sergey S. Nikitin. "Hypoglossal Nerve and Cortico-Lingual Pathway Examination using the St. Mark’s Еlectrode: a Prospective Study". Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 22, № 3 (2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-3-82-89.

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INTRODUCTION. The literature describes numerous cases of mononeuropathy of the hypoglossal nerve, as a complication of various diseases, as well as after operations for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses in the carotid system. For a correctly selected treatment method, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis between damage to the hypoglossal nerve and the cortico-lingual tract. Currently, standard diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve lesions using electroneuromyography is difficult due to methodological limitations associated with its anatomical features and variability. AIM.

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Miki, H., W. Hida, Y. Kikuchi, et al. "Effects of pharyngeal lubrication on the opening of obstructed upper airway." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (1992): 2311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2311.

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We examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant (Surfactant T-A) on the opening of obstructed upper airway in nine anesthetized supine dogs. The upper airway was isolated from the lower airway by transecting the cervical trachea. Upper airway obstruction was induced by applying constant negative pressures (5, 10, 20, and 30 cmH2O) on the rostral cut end of the trachea. Peripheral cut ends of the hypoglossal nerves were electrically stimulated by square-wave pulses at various frequencies from 10 to 30 Hz (0.2-ms dur

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Reis, Leonardo Frasson, Kelly Xu, Irma Rukhadze, and Victor Fenik. "0038 Genioglossus muscle (GG) activity evoked by pharmacological stimulation of alpha1-adrenoceptors in pre-hypoglossal region (PHR)." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0038.

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Abstract Introduction The sleep-related withdrawal of noradrenergic excitation and increased cholinergic inhibition of hypoglossal motoneurons (HM), which control the tone of the GG, the largest protruder muscle of the tongue, play a critical role in obstructive sleep apnea pathophysiology. In an animal model of REM sleep, antagonism of alpha1 noradrenergic signaling by microinjections of prazosin into the hypoglossal nucleus (HN) strongly decreased hypoglossal nerve activity. However, a significant delay of this decrease prompted a hypothesis that prazosin must diffuse outside the HN to block

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Svetitskiy, P. V., I. V. Pustovaya, M. A. Engibaryan, M. V. Bauzhadze, and A. K. Donskaya. "Own experience of surgical treatment for advanced cancer of the tongue and the mouth floor." South Russian Journal of Cancer 3, no. 4 (2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37748/2686-9039-2022-3-4-1.

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Purpose of the study. Improvement of surgical treatment outcomes in patients with advanced cancer of the tongue and the mouth floor providing radical surgery with preservation of the organ functions.Materials and methods. Two patients with advanced cancer of the tongue and the mouth floor with metastases to lymph nodes in the neck (St.4 (IVA, рT4a N2b M0), clinical group 2, were operated on according to our special technique. The surgery was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. After cervical lymph node dissection, the tongue and the mouth floor tissues were resected intraorally. The incis

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Zhang, G. H., Z. L. Liu, B. J. Zhang, et al. "Orexin A activates hypoglossal motoneurons and enhances genioglossus muscle activity in rats." British Journal of Pharmacology 171, no. 18 (2014): 4233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12784.

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