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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hypoid Bevel gears

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hypoid Bevel gears'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hypoid Bevel gears"

1

Wu, Xun Cheng, Jing Tao Han, and Jia Fu Wang. "A Mathematical Model for the Generated Gear Tooth Surfaces of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.384.

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It is an important and fundamental work to establish a general mathematical model for the gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Based on the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine, a mathematical model with the equations of the radial position vector, the normal unit vector and the second order parameters for the generated gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is established. The mathematical model can be used for the gear tooth surfaces generated in different types on both the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine and the cradle bevel gear machine. As an application example of the mathematical model, the generating motions of the cradle bevel gear machine are determined.

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Wang, Li Mei. "Study on the Processing and Simulation of End-Gear Based on CNC Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.77.

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Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool. Through analyze the principle of the oscillating tooth face gear transmission, and compared the structure differences between face gear and bevel gear, and the realization processing method of face gear is discussed by improving the bevel gear shaper.

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3

Osakue, Edward, Lucky Anetor, and Kendall Harris. "Contact stress in helical bevel gears." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103519o.

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Helical bevel gears have inclined or twisted teeth on a conical surface and the common types are skew, spiral, zerol, and hypoid bevel gears. However, this study does not include hypoid bevel gears. Due to the geometric complexities of bevel gears, commonly used methods in their design are based on the concept of equivalent or virtual spur gear. The approach in this paper is based on the following assumptions, a) the helix angle of helical bevel gears is equal to mean spiral angle, b) the pitch diameter at the backend is defined as that of a helical gear, and c) the Tredgold's approximation is applied to the helical gear. Upon these premises, the contact stress capacity of helical bevel gears is formulated in explicit design parameters. The new contact stress capacity model is used to estimate the contact stress in three gear systems for three application examples and compared with previous solutions. Differences between the new estimated results and the previous solutions vary from -3% and -11%, with the new estimates being consistently but marginally or slightly lower than the previous solution values. Though the differences appear to be small, they are significant because the durability of gears is strongly influenced by the contact stress. For example, a 5% reduction in contact stress may result in almost 50% increase in durability in some steel materials. The equations developed do not apply to bevel crown gears.

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Fan, Qi. "Advanced Developments in Computerized Design and Manufacturing of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.439.

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Design and manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is highly complicated and has to be based on the employment of computerized tools. This paper comprehensively describes the latest developments in computerized modeling of tooth surface generation, flank form error correction, ease-off calculation, and tooth contact analysis for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Accordingly, advanced software programs for computerized design and manufacturing of hypoid gears are developed.

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Wu, Xun Cheng, and Cong Li. "Function-Oriented Design and Verification of Point-Contact Tooth Surfaces of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears with the Generated Gear." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.675.

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Establishing a general technical platform for the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is an important and fundamental work. Based on the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine, a general mathematical model for the generated gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is established. According to the principle and the method for the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces, the locus of spatial tooth contact points on the tooth surface is described on the axial plane of the gear, and then the formulae for the design with the generated gear are derived from the mathematical model. The mathematical model and the formulae can be used in the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces with the gear generated in different types on both the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine and the conventional cradle one. A theoretical method for the verification of point-contact tooth surfaces is proposed and the formulae for the verification are presented. And lastly an example is given to demonstrate the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces of the hypoid gear drive with the generated gear.

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Shih, Yi-Pei, and Zhang-Hua Fong. "Flank Modification Methodology for Face-Hobbing Hypoid Gears Based on Ease-Off Topography." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 12 (December 30, 2006): 1294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2779889.

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The fundamental design of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is usually based on a local synthesis and a tooth contact analysis of the gear drive. Recently, however, several flank modification methodologies have been developed to reduce running noise and avoid edge contact in gear making, including modulation of tooth surfaces under predesigned transmission errors. This paper proposes such a flank modification methodology for face-hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears based on the ease-off topography of the gear drive. First, the established mathematical model of a universal face-hobbing hypoid gear generator is applied to investigate the ease-off deviations of the design parameters—including cutter parameters, machine settings, and the polynomial coefficients of the auxiliary flank modification motion. Subsequently, linear regression is used to modify the tooth flanks of a gear pair to approximate the optimum ease-off topography suggested by experience. The proposed method is then illustrated using a numerical example of a face-hobbing hypoid gear pair from Oerlikon’s Spiroflex cutting system. This proposed flank modification methodology can be used as a basis for developing a general technique of flank modification for similar types of gears.

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Fong, Zhang-Hua. "Mathematical Model of Universal Hypoid Generator With Supplemental Kinematic Flank Correction Motions." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533552.

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A mathematical model of universal hypoid generator is proposed to simulate virtually all primary spiral bevel and hypoid cutting methods. The proposed mathematical model simulates the face-milling, face-hobbing, plunge cutting, and bevel-worm-shaped hobbing processes with either generating or nongenerating cutting for the spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The supplemental kinematic flank correction motions, such as modified generating roll ratio, helical motion, and cutter tilt are included in the proposed mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model has more flexibility in writing computer program and appropriate for developing the object oriented computer programming. The developed computer object can be repeatedly used by various hypoid gear researchers to reduce the effort of computer coding. [S1050-0472(00)01201-0]

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Shih, Yi-Pei, Zhang-Hua Fong, and Grandle C. Y. Lin. "Mathematical Model for a Universal Face Hobbing Hypoid Gear Generator." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 1 (May 17, 2006): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2359471.

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Based on the theory of gearing and differential geometry, a universal hypoid generator mathematical model for face hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears has been developed. This model can be used to simulate existing face hobbing processes, such as Oerlikon’s Spiroflex© and Spirac© methods, Klingelnberg’s Cyclo-Palloid© cutting system, and Gleason’s face hobbing nongenerated and generated cutting systems. The proposed model is divided into three modules: the cutter head, the imaginary generating gear, and the relative motion between the imaginary generating gear and the work gear. With such a modular arrangement, the model is suitable for development of object-oriented programming (OOP) code. In addition, it can be easily simplified to simulate face milling cutting and includes most existing flank modification features. A numerical example for simulation of the Klingelnberg Cyclo-Palloid© hypoid is presented to validate the proposed model, which can be used as a basis for developing a universal cutting simulation OOP engine for both face milling and face hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears.

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Skawiński, Piotr. "An application of neural network in recognizing of the tooth contact of spiral and hypoid bevel gears." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 2, no. 4(5) (December 29, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2015.4(5).28.

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The special computer system KONTEPS for calculation of spiral and hypoid bevel gears generally supports technology for the conventional and CNC machines (milling machines). In this system environment, the special computer application generates solid or surface models of gears by cutting simulation. Other computer application, based on Matlab functions and methods of artificial intelligence, supports the tooth contact development. The special classifiers which allow to recognize the tooth contact, select the first, second and third order of changes and support the technologist in manufacturing process. This paper describes computerized integration of design and manufacturing of the spiral and hypoid bevel gear supported by the artificial intelligence.

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Pellkofer, J., I. Boiadjiev, D. Kadach, M. Klein, and K. Stahl. "New calculation method for the scuffing load-carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (April 26, 2019): 7328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219843954.

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Future trends indicate that the demands on bevel and hypoid gears for higher power transmission and lower weight are continuously increasing. Beside typical fatigue failures such as pitting, tooth root breakage, and tooth flank fracture, spontaneous failures such as scuffing are often observed if the load-carrying capacity of the tribological system consisting of gears and lubricant is exceeded. This paper gives an overview of the newest findings on scuffing specifically on bevel and hypoid gears and discusses the hypoid-specific decisive influence parameters. Furthermore, the newly developed calculation method as well as its verification with test results and results from field application are presented.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hypoid Bevel gears"

1

Hotait, Mohammad Adel. "A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Bending Strength and Fatigue Life of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1296853688.

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Erkilic, Erdem. "A Model to Predict Pocketing Power Losses in Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337616576.

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Sugyarto, Eddy. "The Kinematic Study, Geometry Generation, and Load Distribution Analysis of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392985391.

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Vaidyanathan, Sathyanarayanan. "Application of plate and shell models in the loaded tooth contact analysis of bevel and hypoid gears." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1335540802.

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Wang, Yawen. "Vibration and Sound Radiation Analysis of Vehicle Powertrain Systems with Right-Angle Geared Drive." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491318542819425.

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Kolivand, Mohsen. "DEVELOPMENT OF TOOTH CONTACT AND MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY MODELS FOR FACE-MILLED AND FACE-HOBBED HYPOID AND SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245266082.

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C, Gopalakrishnan Srikumar. "Tribodynamics of Right Angled Geared System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1540566189193567.

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Hua, Xia. "Hypoid and Spiral Bevel Gear Dynamics with Emphasis on Gear-Shaft-Bearing Structural Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289944847.

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Klein, Alexander. "Spiral bevel and hypoid gear tooth cutting with coated carbide tools /." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015866212&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Peng, Tao. "Coupled Multi-body Dynamic and Vibration Analysis of Hypoid and Bevel Geared Rotor System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282931782.

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Books on the topic "Hypoid Bevel gears"

1

Cuijpers, Mathias Johannes Maria. Tooth root strength of bevel and hypoid gears: Development of a practical design method for rear axle gears in commercial vehicles. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2001.

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2

Association, American Gear Manufacturers, ed. Gear handbook: Gear classification, materials and measuring methods for bevel, hypoid, fine pitch wormgearing and racks only as unassembled gears. Alexandria, Va: AGMA, 1988.

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Determination of settings of a tilted head-cutter for generation of hypoid and spiral bevel gears. Chicago, Ill: University of Illinois at Chicago, 1988.

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4

Handbook - Gear Classification, Materials and Measuring Methods for Bevel, Hypoid, Fine Pitch Wormgearing and Racks Only As Manufacturers Association. American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1988.

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5

Stadtfeld, Hermann J. A Closed and Fast Solution Formulation for Practice Oriented Optimization of Real Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Flank Geometry. American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hypoid Bevel gears"

1

Vullo, Vincenzo. "Spiral Bevel Gears and Hypoid Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 569–694. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8_12.

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Vogel, Olaf. "Accurate Gear Tooth Contact and Sensitivity Computation for Hypoid Bevel Gears." In Automatic Differentiation of Algorithms, 197–204. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0075-5_23.

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3

Kalashnikov, A. S., Yu A. Morgunov, and P. A. Kalashnikov. "Peculiarities of Assembly of Bevel and Hypoid Gears with Curved Teeth." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 19–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_3.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical, Bevel and Hypoid Gears: Flash Temperature Method." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 323–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_7.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical, Bevel and Hypoid Gears: Integral Temperature Method." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 383–416. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_8.

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Skawinski, Piotr. "An Application of Neural Network in Recognizing of the Tooth Contact of Spiral and Hypoid Bevel Gears." In Advanced Concurrent Engineering, 23–31. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-024-3_3.

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Fan, Q. "Ease-Off and Application in Tooth Contact Analysis for Face-Milled and Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In Theory and Practice of Gearing and Transmissions, 321–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19740-1_15.

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"An Optimal Synthesis of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In Advanced Theories of Hypoid Gears, 134–52. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81705-1.50012-1.

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"A Simple Method of Obtaining Machine-Setting Parameters for Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In Advanced Theories of Hypoid Gears, 113–33. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81705-1.50011-x.

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Wang, P., M. Yang, Y. Guan, Z. Yang, and Q. Li. "Global synthesis of speed increasing spiral bevel and hypoid gears." In International Conference on Gears 2017, 433–34. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948-433.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hypoid Bevel gears"

1

Dooner, David B. "Hobbing of Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12899.

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The paper presents a hyperboloidal hob cutter similar to a cylindrical hob cutter used to fabricate spur and helical gear elements today. This hyperboloidal cutter can be used to manufacture bevel and hypoid gear elements using an existing CNC hobbing machine. These bevel and hypoid gear elements can be either spur or spiral. This hyperboloidal hob cutter is entirely different from the circular face cutters today as part of face hobbing. A brief overview of the existing circular face cutting technology is presented along with some of its geometric limitations. Subsequently, concepts of the hyperboloidal hob cutter are presented. These concepts include crossed hyperboloidal gears, cutter spiral angle, invariant speed relations, and cutter coordinates. Two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the concept of the hyperboloidal hob cutter. The first example is a spur bevel gear pair and the second example is a spiral hypoid gear pair. Virtual models of the cutter in mesh with the gear elements are presented.

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Yılmaz, Tufan Gürkan, Onur Can Kalay, Fatih Karpat, Mert Doğanlı, and Elif Altıntaş. "An Investigation on the Design of Formate and Generate Face Milled Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23972.

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Abstract Hypoid gears are transmission elements that transfer power and moment between shafts whose axes do not intersect. They are similar in structure to spiral bevel gears. However, there are many advantages compared to spiral bevel gears in terms of load carrying capacity and rigidity. Hypoid gear pairs are mostly used as powertrain on the rear axles of cars and trucks. Hypoid gears are manufactured by two essential methods called face-milling and face-hobbing, and there are mainly two relative kinematic movements (Formate® and Generate). In this study, the gears produced with the Face-milling method are discussed. Face milled hypoid gears can be manufactured with both Formate® and Generate, while pinions can only be manufactured with the Generate method. The most crucial factor that determines the performance of hypoid gears is the geometry of hypoid gears. The gear and pinion geometry is directly dependent on the tool geometry, machine parameters, and relative motion between the cradle and the workpiece. The gear geometry determines the contact shape and pressure during power transmission. In this study, the mathematical equation of the cutting tool is set. After that, using differential geometry, coordinate transformation, and the gearing theory, the mathematical equation of hypoid gear is obtained.

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Simon, Vilmos V. "Advanced Manufacture of Spiral Bevel Gears on CNC Hypoid Generating Machine." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86119.

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An algorithm is developed for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generating machine using the relations on the cradle-type machine. The algorithm is based on the condition that since the tool is a rotary surface and the pinion/gear blank is also related to a rotary surface, it is necessary to ensure the same relative position of the head cutter and the pinion on both machines. The algorithm is applied for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generator for the manufacture of spiral bevel gears, based on the machine-tool setting variation on the cradle-type hypoid generator conducted by optimal polynomial functions up to 5th order. By using the corresponding computer program, the motion graphs of the CNC hypoid generator are determined for the manufacture of spiral bevel gears based on the optimal variation of the velocity ratio in the kinematic scheme and of the cradle radial setting on a cradle-type generator.

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Gonzalez-Perez, Ignacio, Alfonso Fuentes, and Kenichi Hayasaka. "Computerized Design and Tooth Contact Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gears Generated by the Duplex Helical Method." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47108.

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The duplex helical method, among the different generation methods of spiral bevel gears, has shorter times of manufacturing since both sides of the gear tooth are generated simultaneously. The duplex helical method is based on the application of a helical motion of the cradle respect to the gear blank during the infeed of the sliding base on which the work spindle is mounted. Computerized design and generation of spiral bevel gears by the duplex helical method is a complex problem since the machine-tool settings are specific for each hypoid generator and optimization of the contact pattern and the function of transmission errors is not straightforward. The proposed goals in this research paper are as follows: (i) conversion of the specific machine-tool settings of a given hypoid generator to the so-called neutral machine-tool settings that can be applied at any hypoid generator, (ii) computerized generation of the generated spiral bevel gears by the duplex helical method considering the neutral-machine tool settings, (iii) illustration of results of tooth contact analysis of a spiral bevel gear drive where the pinion has been generated by the duplex helical method for investigation of the contact pattern and the function of transmission errors, and (iv) adjustment of the contact pattern by considering parabolic profiles on the blades of the head-cutter. A numerical example is represented considering a spiral bevel gear drive generated at the Hypoid Generator 106 of Gleason.

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Fan, Qi. "Optimization of Face Cone Element for Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47211.

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In the blank design of spiral bevel and hypoid gears, the face cone is defined as an imaginary cone tangent to the tops of the teeth. Traditionally, the face cone element or generatrix is a straight line. On the other hand, the tooth root lines which are traced by the blade tips are normally not straight lines. As a result, the tooth top geometry generally does not fit the mating member’s real root shape, providing an uneven tooth root-tip clearance; additionally, in some cases root-tip interference between the tooth tip and the root tooth surfaces of the mating gear members may be observed. To address this issue, this paper describes a method of determining an optimized face cone element for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The method is based on the incorporation of calculation of tooth surface and root geometries, the conjugate relationship of the mating gear members, the ease-off topography, and the tooth contact analysis. The resulting face cone element may not be a straight line but generally an optimized curve that, in addition to avoidance of the interference, offers maximized contact ratio and even tooth root-tip clearance. Manufacturing of bevel gear blanks with a curved face cone element can be implemented by using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines.

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Liu, Huran, Quanhong Liu, Dongfu Zhao, Deyu Song, and Jiande Wang. "The Realization of the “SFT” and “HFT” Method on the CNC Hypoid Cutting Machine." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35872.

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The “SFT” and “HFT” is a highly effective means of generating spiral-bevel and hypoid gears. The current paper presents a method for realizing, and indeed improving, the conventional gear cutting method associated with a traditional machine tool upon a CNC Hypoid Cutting Machine.

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7

McVea, William R. "Flaring Cup Grinding FORMATE® Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In 1989 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/891929.

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Fan, Qi, Ronald S. DaFoe, and John W. Swanger. "Higher-Order Tooth Flank Form Error Correction for Face-Milled Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34210.

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The increasing demand for low noise and high strength leads to higher quality requirements in manufacturing spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Due to heat treatment distortions, machine tolerances, variation of cutting forces and other unpredictable factors, the real tooth flank form geometry may deviate from the theoretical or master target geometry. This will cause unfavorable displacement of tooth contact and increased transmission errors, resulting in noisy operation and premature failure due to edge contact and highly concentrated stresses. In the hypoid gear development process, a corrective machine setting technique is usually employed to modify the machine settings, compensating for the tooth flank form errors. Existing published works described the corrective machine setting technique based on the use of mechanical hypoid gear generators, and the second order approximation of error surfaces. Today, Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) hypoid gear generators have been widely employed by the gear industry. The Universal Motion Concept (UMC) has been implemented on most CNC hypoid generators, providing additional freedoms for the corrections of tooth flank form errors. Higher order components of the error surfaces may be corrected by using the higher order universal motions. This paper describes a new method of tooth flank form error correction utilizing the universal motions for spiral bevel and hypoid gears produced by the face-milling process. The sensitivity of the changes of tooth flank form geometry to the changes of universal motion coefficients is investigated. The corrective universal motion coefficients are determined through an optimization process with the target of minimization of the tooth flank form errors. A numerical example of a face-mill completing process is presented. The developed new approach has been implemented with computer software. The new approach can also be applied to the face-hobbing process.

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9

Gosselin, Claude. "Feature Based Numerical Bearing Pattern Development and Optimization for Spiral-Bevel and Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14394.

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Abstract A novel approach to the development of the bearing pattern for spiral-bevel and hypoid gears is presented. The numerical method uses the concept of “potential point of contact” to determine the shape of the separation between the meshing tooth surfaces in the vicinity of the Mean Point. Machine settings are used as control parameters in the numerical solution to modify the shape and location of the bearing pattern. The presented method, which has been used in the automobile industry for several years, allows substantial freedom in the development of spiral bevel and hypoid gear sets, even on conventional generators.

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10

Simon, V. "Advanced Design and Manufacture of Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel Gears." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10237.

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Abstract:

The design and advanced manufacture of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears on computer numerical control (CNC) hypoid generating machines is presented. The concept of face-hobbed bevel gear generation by an imaginary generating crown gear is established. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the gear pair to errors in tooth-surfaces and to the mutual position of the mating members, modifications are introduced into the teeth of both members. The lengthwise crowning of teeth is achieved by applying a slightly bigger lengthwise tooth flank curvature of the crown gear generating the concave side of pinion/gear tooth-surfaces, and/or by using tilt angle of the head-cutter in the manufacture of pinion/gear teeth. The tooth profile modification is introduced by the circular profile of the cutting edge of head-cutter blades. An algorithm is developed for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generating machine using the relations on the cradle-type machine. The algorithm is based on the condition that since the tool is a rotary surface and the pinion/gear blank is also related to a rotary surface, it is necessary to ensure the same relative position of the head cutter and the pinion on both machines.

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