Journal articles: 'Hyposmie'

1

Plathow, C., and M. A. Weber. "Hyposmie und Epistaxis." Der Radiologe 44, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00117-003-0900-0.

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Weber, R., C. Raschka, and T. Bonzel. "Medikamentös-toxisch bedingte Hyposmie nach Lovastatin." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 71, no. 09 (September 1992): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997337.

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Bocksberger, S., W. Wagner, T. Hummel, W. Guggemos, M. Seilmaier, M. Hoelscher, and C. M. Wendtner. "Temporäre Hyposmie bei COVID-19-Patienten." HNO 68, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-020-00891-4.

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Liebler, S., C. Klingmann, B. Helmke, and P. K. Plinkert. "Bronchiale Obstruktion bei behinderter Nasenatmung und Hyposmie." Der Pneumologe 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2008): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10405-008-0234-8.

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Gudziol, H., and K. H. Gramowski. "Respirations-Olfaktometrie-eine objektivierende Methode zur quantitativen Bewertung einer Hyposmie." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 66, no. 11 (November 1987): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998737.

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Golding-Wood, David G., Mats Holmstrom, Yvonne Darby, Glenis K. Scadding, and Valerie J. Lund. "The treatment of hyposmia with intranasal steroids." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 2 (February 1996): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100132967.

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AbstractHyposmia is a neglected symptom in patients with rhinitis. We studied 25 patients presenting with perennial rhinitis. Fifteen patients expressed hyposmia as a significant symptom. University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (UPSIT) and visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to score the symptoms of hyposmia, nasal obstruction and nasal discharge before and after six weeks treatment with betamethasone sodium phosphate drops. Those patients with initial symptoms of hyposia significantly improved their UPSIT scores (p= 0.00009) and their VAS scores for hyposmia (p= 0.00133). Despite a significant decrease in the sensation of nasal obstruction, the non-hyposmics showed no increase in UPSIT scores after betamethasone therapy. There was no clear correlation between UPSIT results and other symptom scores. The judicious use of betamethasone drops in the treatment of rhinogenic hyposmia can be recommended.

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Lüers, Jan-Christoffer, Jens Peter Klußmann, and Orlando Guntinas-Lichius. "Die COVID-19-Pandemie und das HNO-Fachgebiet: Worauf kommt es aktuell an?" Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 99, no. 05 (March 26, 2020): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1095-2344.

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ZusammenfassungDie Übersichtarbeit fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse der Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie für die Arbeit der HNO-Ärztin und des HNO-Arztes zusammen. Die aktuell diskutierte Rolle einer Anosmie oder Hyposmie als COVID-19-assoziiertes Symptom wird dargestellt. Wir diskutieren das klinische Management aller HNO-Fälle, aber insbesondere von COVID-19-erkrankten Patienten aus Sicht der HNO-Heilkunde. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Auswirkungen auf die HNO-Untersuchung und auf HNO-ärztliche Operationen.

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Pellegrino, R., A. Hahner, V. Bojanowski, C. Hummel, J. Gerber, and T. Hummel. "Olfactory function in patients with hyposmia compared to healthy subjects - An fMRI study." Rhinology journal 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino16.098.

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Background: Individuals with hyposmia, or the partial loss of smell, represent a large sector (15 %) of the population that is likely to grow with the current aging population; however, our understanding to how hyposmics centrally process odors is still not clear. One popular non-invasive tool for in vivo imaging of biological activity among human brains has been function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which uses blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal as an indirect measurement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand differences in olfaction processing between patients with hyposmia and healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methodology: Eleven hyposmic and 12 healthy, normosmic subjects were exposed to two different food-related odors (coffee and peach) during a block-designed fMRI session. Additionally, odor perception qualities were rated for each odor throughout the scanning session. Results: The activations of the normosmic group were localized in typical olfactory areas (insula, orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], limbic system and amygdala). The hyposmic group showed similar regions of activation (insula, OFC, limbic system), however, less activation was found in the amygdala, left anterior cingulate and right OFC, but higher activation was shown in the right parahippocampal and both the left and right posterior cingulate gyrus which are assumed to play an important role in the processing and remembrance of memories. Conclusions: These results indicate similar central olfactory processing among groups, yet subjects with partial loss may attempt to compensate smell impairment with odor memory or higher motivation to smell.

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Steurer, Johann. "Intranasale Steroide scheinen bei COVID-19-Kranken mit Anosmie oder Hyposmie keinen positiven Effekt zu haben." Praxis 110, no. 7 (May 2021): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003673.

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Goebel, L., B. Friesenhahn-Ochs, F. Bachelier, D. Kohn, and O. Lorbach. "Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris bei einem 23-jährigen Mann mit nicht diagnostiziertem hypogonadotropen Hypogonadismus." Osteologie 25, no. 02 (2016): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619001.

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ZusammenfassungEin 23-jähriger Mann berichtete über seit zwei Monaten bestehende Schmerzen der rechten Hüfte ohne Trauma. Eine durchgeführte Röntgenuntersuchung wies eine Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) rechts nach, sodass eine therapeutische Hüftkopfspickung rechts und eine prophylaktische Spickung links durchgeführt wurde. Bei kindlichem Habitus und gering ausgebildeten sekundären Geschlechtsmerkmalen erfolgte die Umfelddiagnostik. Das Skelettalter betrug 13,5 Jahre und die Knochendichtemessung wies eine hochgradige Osteoporose nach. Die endokrinologische Untersuchung erbrachte den Nachweis eines hypogonadotropen Hypogonadismus. Ein Mikrodadenom der Hypohyse, eine Hypoplasie des Bulbus olfactorius sowie des Sulcus olfactorius, eine Hodendysgenesie und eine hochgradige Hyposmie wurden nachgewiesen. Bei klinischem Verdacht auf ein Kallmann-Syndrom zeigte sich keine Mutation im KAL1-Gen. Eine Substitutionstherapie mit Testosteron und Cholecalciferol wurde eingeleitet. Zusammenfassend sind nur wenige Fälle über ECF bei Erwachsenen publiziert, allerdings muss auch an diese seltene Ursache von atypischen Hüftbeschwerden gedacht werden, insbesondere bei Patienten mit entsprechendem Risikoprofil.

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Schmidl, B. M., and M. M. Unger. "REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung und andere frühe Indikatoren des Morbus Parkinson." Nervenheilkunde 34, no. 09 (2015): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627621.

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ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose eines Morbus Parkinson erfolgt klinisch bei Vorliegen der definierenden motorischen Symptome (Bradykinese, Tremor, Rigor, posturale Instabilität) und nach Ausschluss anderer Differenzialdiagnosen eines ParkinsonSyndroms. Bereits viele Jahre vor dem Auftreten der ersten motorischen Symptome eines Parkinson können bestimmte nicht motorische Symptome (z. B. Hyposmie, Schlafstörungen, Obstipation) auftreten. Die meisten dieser prämotorischen Marker sind unspezifisch und haben jeweils isoliert betrachtet einen niedrigen Vorhersagewert für die spätere Entwicklung eine M. Parkinson. Die REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörungen, die klinisch durch das Ausleben von aktionsgeladenen Träumen gekennzeichnet ist, zählt zu den spezifischsten Risikomarkern für die spätere Entwicklung eines M. Parkinson. Ein Teil der Patienten mit REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung entwickelt im Verlauf auch andere neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, insbesondere andere alpha-Synukleinopathien. Der positive prädiktive Wert der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung für die spätere Entwicklung eines M. Parkinson ist höher, wenn zeitgleich weitere prämotorische Marker des M. Parkinson vorliegen.

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Young, P., and A. Heidbreder. "REM-Schlafverhaltensstörung als Frühsymptom neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen." Nervenheilkunde 35, no. 10 (2016): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616435.

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ZusammenfassungDie REM-Schlafverhaltensstörung (RBD) ist häufig das erste für den Betroffenen lebensbeeinträchtigende Symptom einer neurodegenerativen Erkrankung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass 81%–90% der Patienten mit einer RBD innerhalb von zehn Jahren eine Alpha-Synukleopathie (Morbus Parkinson, Lewy-Körperchen-Demenz, Multisystematrophie) entwickeln. Durch das Fehlen der normalerweise auftretenden Suppression der motorischen Aktivität während des REM-Schlafes, kommt es zum Ausagieren von Träumen. Die Diagnosesicherung erfolgt mittels Polysomnografie. Meist tritt die RBD zwischen dem 50. und 60. Lebensjahr erstmals auf. Männer sind wahrscheinlich häufiger betroffen als Frauen. Bei Patienten mit RBD fallen oft schon früh subtile Veränderungen wie Hyposmie, Obstipation oder Veränderungen der Motorik oder Kognition auf, die weitere Zeichen einer beginnenden neurodegenerativen Erkrankung sein können. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten der RBD bei bekannter, neurodegenerativer Erkrankung, ist häufig mit einem schwereren Verlauf verbunden. Neben Bettsicherungsmaßnahmen kommen zur medikamentösen Behandlung am häufigsten Clonazepam oder hochdosiertes Melatonin zum Einsatz. Die RBD stellt als Prodomalstadium einer neurodegenerativen Erkrankung einen zentralen Ansatzpunkt für die Entwicklung und Untersuchung einer neuroprotektiven, krankheitsmodulierenden Therapie dar.

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13

Schmidt, Felix, Lutz Harms, Harald Prüss, Rohat Geran, Heidi Olze, Matthew Maas, and Florian Uecker. "Die Ableitung olfaktorisch evozierter Potenziale in Patienten mit limbischer Enzephalitis." Klinische Neurophysiologie 50, no. 01 (March 14, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124360.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie In dieser Studie wurde erstmals das Riechvermögen bei Patienten mit limbischer Enzephalitis (LE) mittels olfaktorisch evozierter Potenziale (OERP) untersucht. Methodik Bei 19 LE Patienten (9 weibliche, 10 männliche Patienten, mittleres Alter 47 Jahre) und 19 gesunden Kotrollprobanden (GK) wurde das Riechvermögen mittels psychophysischer Schwellen-Diskrimination-Identifikations-Testung (SDI) und mittels OERPs bestimmt. Ergebnisse 10 LE Pat. (53%) hatten eine Hyposmie, 2 Pat. (11%) eine funktionelle Anosmie und 7 Pat. (36%) waren normosmisch. Der SDI-Mittelwert±Standardabweichung betrug bei den LE-Patienten 27,3±6,7; bei den GK 34,7±2,2. Der SDI-Wert der LE Patienten war im Vergleich zu den GK signifikant vermindert (p<0,0001). Alle untersuchten Patienten mit eingeschränktem Riechvermögen zeigten pathologische OERPs. Schlussfolgerung Riechstörungen konnten gehäuft bei LE Patienten nachgewiesen werden. Möglicherweise sind hierfür strukturelle Schädigungen des limbischen Systems, das an der Weiterverarbeitung von olfaktorischen Informationen beteiligt ist, ursächlich. Die Ableitung von OERPs erwies sich als geeignetes objektives Untersuchungsverfahren zur Detektion von Riechstörungen bei LE Patienten.

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Whitcroft, K. L., C. Merkonidis, M. Cuevas, A. Haehner, C. Philpott, and T. Hummel. "Intranasal sodium citrate solution improves olfaction in post-viral hyposmia." Rhinology journal 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino16.054.

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Background: Calcium plays an integral role in olfactory signal transduction, including feedback inhibition. Sodium citrate acts as a calcium sequestrant and when applied intranasally, reduces free calcium available for feedback inhibition, which should theoretically improve olfaction. We aimed to investigate the utility of intranasal sodium citrate in improving the olfactory function of hyposmic patients, by performing this prospective placebo controlled, single-blind trial. Methodology: Monorhinal olfactory testing for odour identification and threshold was performed in hyposmic patients using Sniffin Sticks, before and after treatment. Treatment consisted of one-off sodium citrate solution application to the olfactory cleft. Sodium chloride solution was applied to the contralateral olfactory cleft, which therefore acted as placebo control. Patients were blinded to the side of sodium citrate application, and side of treatment was randomized between patients. Results: 57 patients participated, aged 22-79. Causes of hyposmia included: post-viral (7); posttraumatic (10); sinonasal disease (30) and idiopathic (10). Compared with placebo, there was significant improvement in the identification scores of participants with post-viral hyposmia, following sodium citrate treatment. No significant change in olfactory function occurred for either identification or threshold in any other aetiological subgroup. Conclusions: Intranasal sodium citrate may be of benefit to patients with post-viral hyposmia.

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Hosemann, W., W. Goertzen, R. Wohlleben, S. Wolf, and M. E. Wigand. "Olfaction after Endoscopic Endonasal Ethmoidectomy." American Journal of Rhinology 7, no. 1 (January 1993): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065893781976564.

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A detailed preoperative and postoperative examination of the olfactory function of 111 patients with chronic polypoid ethmoiditis was carried out. Eighty-seven patients required a complete endoscopic endonasal sphenoethmoidectomy. In 24 patients an endoscopic partial resection of the ethmoidal cell system was performed. Before surgery a normosmia was ascertained in 39 patients (35%). Thirty-four patients (31%) were hyposmic, and 38 patients (34%) suffered from anosmia. In the postoperative olfactory function test 89 patients (80%) had a normal sense of smell; 13 patients (12%) showed hyposmia, and nine patients (8%) experienced anosmia. Seventy-eight percent of the patients with impaired olfactory function had marked improvement after the operation. Patients who had previously undergone a polypectomy had a less favorable prognosis. None of the preoperatively normosmic patients became hyposmic or even anosmic after endoscopic sinus surgery. The sense of smell of only two of the 34 patients with preexisting hyposmia worsened after surgery. The postoperative size of the middle nasal turbinate did not correlate with the ability to smell. More important was the accessibility of the olfactory cleft.

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Vaira, Luigi Angelo, Jerome R. Lechien, Mohamad Khalife, Marzia Petrocelli, Stephane Hans, Lea Distinguin, Giovanni Salzano, et al. "Psychophysical Evaluation of the Olfactory Function: European Multicenter Study on 774 COVID-19 Patients." Pathogens 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010062.

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Background: The objective evaluation of the olfactory function of coronavirus disease 2019 patients is difficult because of logistical and operator-safety problems. For this reason, in the literature, the data obtained from psychophysical tests are few and based on small case series. Methods: A multicenter, cohort study conducted in seven European hospitals between March 22 and August 20, 2020. The Sniffin-Sticks test and the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center orthonasal olfaction test were used to objectively evaluate the olfactory function. Results: This study included 774 patients, of these 481 (62.1%) presented olfactory dysfunction (OD): 280 were hyposmic and 201 were anosmic. There was a significant difference between self-reported anosmia/hyposmia and psychophysical test results (p = 0.006). Patients with gastroesophageal disorders reported a significantly higher probability of presenting hyposmia (OR 1.86; p = 0.015) and anosmia (OR 2.425; p < 0.001). Fever, chest pain, and phlegm significantly increased the likelihood of having hyposmia but not anosmia or an olfactory disturbance. In contrast, patients with dyspnea, dysphonia, and severe-to-critical COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have no anosmia, while these symptoms had no effect on the risk of developing hyposmia or an OD. Conclusions: Psychophysical assessment represents a significantly more accurate assessment tool for olfactory function than patient self-reported clinical outcomes. Olfactory disturbances appear to be largely independent from the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients. The non-association with rhinitis symptoms and the high prevalence as a presenting symptom make olfactory disturbances an important symptom in the differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and common flu.

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Iannuzzi, Lucia, Anna Eugenia Salzo, Gioacchino Angarano, Vincenzo Ostilio Palmieri, Piero Portincasa, Annalisa Saracino, Matteo Gelardi, Michele Dibattista, and Nicola Quaranta. "Gaining Back What Is Lost: Recovering the Sense of Smell in Mild to Moderate Patients After COVID-19." Chemical Senses 45, no. 9 (October 9, 2020): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa066.

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Abstract The purpose of our cohort study was to quantify olfactory deficits in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using Sniffin’ Sticks and a pre-post design to evaluate olfactory recovery. Thirty adult patients with laboratory-confirmed mild to moderate forms of COVID-19 underwent a quantitative olfactory test performed with the Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST; Burghardt, Wedel, Germany), considering olfactory threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I). Results were presented as a composite TDI score (range 1–48) that used to define functional anosmia (TDI ≤ 16.5), hyposmia (16.5 < TDI < 30.5), or functionally normal ability to smell (TDI ≥ 30.5). Patients also self-evaluated their olfactory function by rating their ability to smell on a visual analogue scale (Visual Analog Scale rating) and answering a validated Italian questionnaire (Hyposmia Rating Scale). Patients were tested during hospitalization and about 2 months after symptoms onset. During the hospitalization, the overall TDI score indicated that our cohort had impairments in their olfactory ability (10% was diagnosed with anosmia and more than 50% were hyposmic). Almost all patients showed a significant improvement at around 1 month following the first test and for all the parts of the SST except for odor identification. None of the subjects at 1 month was still diagnosed with anosmia. We also quantified the improvement in the TDI score based on initial diagnosis. Anosmic subjects showed a greater improvement than hyposmic and normosmic subjects. In conclusion, within a month time window and 2 months after symptoms’ onset, in our cohort of patients we observed a substantial improvement in the olfactory abilities.

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Syed, Irfan, and Carl Philpott. "Hyposmia." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 76, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): C41—C45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2015.76.3.c41.

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Dedeciusova, Michaela, Norbert Svoboda, Vladimir Benes, Jaromir Astl, and David Netuka. "Olfaction in Olfactory Groove Meningiomas." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 81, no. 04 (May 3, 2020): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709165.

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Abstract Background Clinical examination, including pre- and postoperative assessment of olfaction, is essential in evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). A review of a recent series revealed a lack of assessment of olfaction in most of the studies. Tests determining olfactory detection should be used to reveal olfactory dysfunction. Specialized examination techniques (e.g., electro-olfactography, olfactory evoked potentials, and functional magnetic resonance imaging) are currently used in research. Methods Prospective analysis of 13 patients who underwent surgical resection of OGMs from December 2013 to December 2017 was performed. Data on clinical presentation, pre- and postoperative neurologic examinations, complications, recurrences, adjuvant treatment, and follow-up outpatient examinations were recorded. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test preoperatively, postoperatively, and 1 year after surgery. Results All the meningiomas were resected via unilateral craniotomy, and gross total resection was achieved in all cases. Surgery-related permanent morbidity was 7.7% and overall mortality 0%. For the eight patients with preoperative normosmia, five remained normosmic (62.5%), one deteriorated to hyposmia (12.5%), and two deteriorated to anosmia (25%). For the two patients with preoperative hyposmia, one remained hyposmic and one deteriorated to anosmia. For the three anosmic patients, two remained anosmic, and one improved to hyposmia.The intact olfactory function preoperatively was associated with a better olfactory outcome. Overall, 62.5% of these patients remained normosmic, and none of the hyposmic or anosmic patients normalized their olfaction.Higher meningioma volume is associated with worse olfactory function before surgery (normosmia in 16.7% versus 100.0% in less voluminous) and following the surgery (normosmia in 16.7% versus 57.1% less voluminous).The unilateral surgical approach enabled the anatomical preservation of the contralateral olfactory nerve in 76.9% of our patients. Functional normosmia was achieved in 50% and hyposmia in 30% of these cases. Conclusions Assessment of olfactory function is both vital in preoperative decision making (surgical approach, radicality of resection) and when evaluating surgical outcome. Preoperative normosmia seems to be the most important prognostic factor for functional olfactory outcome. In normosmic patients the olfaction was preserved in 62.5% of cases. Moreover, higher meningioma volume is associated with worse olfactory function before and following the surgery. The greatest advantage of the unilateral surgical approach is anatomical preservation of the contralateral olfactory nerve with a satisfactory functional outcome. These results support a proactive approach, with early surgical resection using a unilateral approach even in cases with less voluminous OGMs that enables the preservation of olfactory function in a significant proportion of patients.

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Rouby, Catherine, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Michel Vigouroux, Gabriela Ciuperca, Tao Jiang, Jérôme Alexanian, Mathieu Barges, Isabelle Gallice, Jean-Louis Degraix, and Gilles Sicard. "The Lyon Clinical Olfactory Test: Validation and Measurement of Hyposmia and Anosmia in Healthy and Diseased Populations." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/203805.

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The LCOT is a self-administered test designed to assess olfactory deficits. Altogether, 525 subjects contributed to the validation. Elderly participants were well represented in this sample. In a validation study (study 1), 407 healthy and 17 anosmic volunteers between 15 and 91 years of age underwent threshold, supraliminal detection, and identification testing. Cutoff values for normosmia and hyposmia were calculated and applied in a second study in a group of patients with smell complaints and in a group of Alzheimer patients with age-matched controls. Incidence of smell deficit was estimated at 5.6% in the healthy population of study 1, and at 16% in the elderly control group of study 2. Assessment of the ability of each subtest to discriminate between groups showed that LCOT is relevant to differentiating between perception and identification deficits and between Alzheimer's and hyposmic patients.

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Litvack, Jamie R., Jess Collin Mace, and Timothy L. Smith. "Does Olfaction Improve After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.240.

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Objective No large, prospective, multi-institutional cohort studies have objectively examined the impact of surgery on olfaction with long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to objectively examine the impact of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia) would benefit from ESS, whereas patients with severe olfactory dysfunction (anosmia) would not. Methods In this prospective, multi-institutional cohort study, 111 patients presenting for ESS for treatment of CRS were examined pre-operatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Demographic, co-morbidity and Smell Identification Test (SIT) data were collected at each time point. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results The prevalence of gender-adjusted olfactory dysfunction prior to surgery was 67.5%: 50.4% of patients were hyposmic and 17.1% were anosmic. Surprisingly, hyposmic patients did not significantly improve after surgery (baseline, 6 month, 12 month mean SIT scores: 28.8, 30.0, 29.5). In contrast, patients with anosmia significantly improved after ESS (baseline, 6 month, 12 month mean SIT scores: 9.3, 21.3, 21.7; p=0.001); furthermore, improvement was sustained at 12-month follow-up (p=0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that baseline olfactory category and nasal polyposis were significantly associated with improvement in postoperative olfactory function (p=0.035, p=0.002), whereas age, gender, and disease-severity as measured by CT and endoscopy scores were not. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, patients with severe olfactory dysfunction significantly improved after ESS and sustained improvement over time, whereas patients with mild olfactory dysfunction did not.

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Pasquini, Jacopo, Carlo Maremmani, Stefano Salvadori, Vincenzo Silani, and Nicola Ticozzi. "Testing olfactory dysfunction in acute and recovered COVID-19 patients: a single center study in Italy." Neurological Sciences 42, no. 6 (March 26, 2021): 2183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05200-7.

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Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common during acute illness and appears to last longer than other symptoms. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate olfactory dysfunction in two cohorts of patients at two different stages: during acute illness and after a median recovery of 4 months. Methods Twenty-five acutely ill patients and 26 recovered subjects were investigated. Acute patients had a molecular diagnosis of COVID-19; recovered subjects had a positive antibody assay and a negative molecular test. A 33-item psychophysical olfactory identification test tailored for the Italian population was performed. Results Median time from symptoms onset to olfactory test was 33 days in acute patients and 122 days in recovered subjects. The former scored a significantly higher number of errors at psychophysical testing (median [IQR]: 8 [13] vs 3 [2], p < 0.001) and were more frequently hyposmic (64% vs 19%, p = 0.002). Recovered subjects reported a variable time to subjective olfactory recovery, from days up to 4 months. Participants included in the study reported no significant nasal symptoms at olfactory testing. Among recovered subject who reported olfactory loss during acute COVID-19, four (27%) were still hyposmic. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not show significant associations with olfactory dysfunction. Conclusion Moderate-to-severe hospitalized patients showed a high level and frequency of olfactory dysfunction compared to recovered subjects. In the latter group, subjects who reported persisting olfactory dysfunction showed abnormal scores on psychophysical testing, indicating that, at least in some subjects, persistent hyposmia may represent a long-term sequela of COVID-19.

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Gaines, Alan D. "Anosmia and hyposmia." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2010.31.3357.

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Silveira-Moriyama, L., J. Birchall, P. Bain, A. J. Lees, and N. P. S. Bajaj. "Hyposmia in SWEDD." Movement Disorders 30, no. 10 (July 31, 2015): 1436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26344.

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Henkin, Robert I., Loren Schmidt, and Irina Velicu. "Interleukin 6 in Hyposmia." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 139, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3392.

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Alvarez, Maria Victoria, and Patrick Mark Grogan. "Hyposmia in Parkinson's disease." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 66, no. 4 (May 25, 2012): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02339.x.

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COWART, B., K. FLYNNRODDEN, S. MCGEADY, and L. LOWRY. "Hyposmia in allergic rhinitis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 91, no. 3 (March 1993): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90194-k.

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Da Silva, Maria Cristina C., and Windolyn D. Panganiban. "A Cross-sectional Study on Olfactory Function among Young Adult Smokers." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 21, no. 1-2 (November 29, 2006): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v21i1-2.827.

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Objective: To determine the olfactory function and/ or dysfunction of young adults who are cigarette smokers using a locally validated smell identification test. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Tertiary hospital in Metro Manila Patients: The volunteer study group was composed of 60 male and 21 female students and employees of a tertiary hospital and its affiliated medical school (both in Quezon City). All subjects were young adults within the age range of 20-35 years with a mean age of 27. 58 years (±4.33). All the subjects were currently smoking cigarettes with no medical history of recent viral infection, nasal/sinus surgery, nasal/brain tumors, head trauma, radiotherapy, chronic rhinitides in exacerbation or tracheostomy. Olfactory function of each subject was evaluated using the Sto. Tomas Smell Identification Test (ST-SIT) which is a locally-validated test. Results: Majority of the subjects fell within the 24-27 age group with a mean age of 27.58 years (±4.33). Males outnumbered females 74.1% as against 25.9%. An inverse relation between pack years and ST-SIT score was present indicating that there could be a dose-related effect of cigarette smoking on olfactory function. Among the 81 subjects, 15 (18.5%) turned out to be anosmic, 46 (56.7%) were hyposmic and 20 (24.6%) had normal olfactory function. A mean ST-SIT score was computed at 81.183 (±}12.58), indicating that majority of the subjects had olfactory dysfunction, meaning they were hyposmic. Conclusion: Smoking cigarettes has become part of the lifestyle of a lot of people in spite of its hazards to health. In the present study, a majority of supposedly healthy young adults who currently smoked cigarettes were proven to suffer from olfactory impairment based on the scores of a locally-validated smell identification test. An inverse relation between ST-SIT scores and pack years was also noted which may indicate a dose-related effect of smoking on olfactory function. Keywords: Olfaction, Smoking,, Hyposmia, Anosmia

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Muinjonov, Bakhrom, and Elvina Giyazitdinova. "Hyposmia in progressive supranuclear palsy." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 22 (January 2016): e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.280.

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Silveira-Moriyama, Laura, Graham Hughes, Alistair Church, Hilary Ayling, David R. Williams, Aviva Petrie, Janice Holton, et al. "Hyposmia in progressive supranuclear palsy." Movement Disorders 25, no. 5 (March 5, 2010): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22688.

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Netzer, Aviram, Avishay Golz, David Goldenberg, Michael Silberman, and Henry Z. Joachims. "Hyposmia Following Laryngectomy: Experimental Model." Journal of Otolaryngology 31, no. 01 (2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7070.2002.19138.

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Silveira-Moriyama, L., C. Mathias, L. Mason, C. Best, N. P. Quinn, and A. J. Lees. "Hyposmia in pure autonomic failure." Neurology 72, no. 19 (May 11, 2009): 1677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a55fd2.

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FLYNNRODDEN, K., B. COWART, S. MCGEADY, and L. LOWRY. "17 Hyposmia in allergic rhinitis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 87, no. 1 (January 1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)91300-i.

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Hähner, Antje, Wakunyambo Maboshe, Rute Baeta Baptista, Alexander Storch, Heinz Reichmann, and Thomas Hummel. "Selective hyposmia in Parkinson’s disease?" Journal of Neurology 260, no. 12 (October 25, 2013): 3158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-7153-2.

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Felix, Cynthia, Lana Chahine, Honglei Chen, Zichun Cao, and Caterina Rosano. "Hyposmia and Neuroimaging Signature in Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1709.

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Abstract Olfaction declines with aging, and hyposmia, or impaired sense of smell, is associated with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Neuroimaging studies of hyposmia in AD/PD patients have often examined pathology-specific brain regions. Our knowledge of neural correlates in regions that mediate olfaction in community-dwelling older adults, is limited. We quantified mean diffusivity (MD) of the gray matter (GM) using diffusion tensor imaging in a community-dwelling sample of 308 older adults (mean age: 82.9 years, 58% women, 40% black). We focused on total brain and these regions involved in olfaction- olfactory bulb, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Smell was tested with a scratch-and-sniff validated odor identification test, the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Hyposmia was defined as BSIT score of ≤8, assessed about 7 years prior to neuroimaging. In our sample, 23% had hyposmia, more in in men (30%) than in women (19%). Hyposmia was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension; diseases such as stroke; age; race; cognitive or mobility functions (all p>0.1). In linear regression models adjusted for demographics and brain atrophy (total brain gray matter volume divided by intracranial volume), hyposmia was significantly associated with higher GM MD (lower microstructural integrity) of the left orbitofrontal cortex (standardized beta: 0.142, t=2.56, p=0.011). Understanding the neural substrates involved in hyposmia in aging is an important step towards advancing research on hyposmia in non-clinic-based, community-dwelling populations.

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Henkin, R. I., and I. Velicu. "cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus related to severity of smell loss in patients with smell dysfunction." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i2.3367.

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Purpose: To evaluate nasal mucus levels of cAMP and cGMP in patients with taste and smell dysfunction with respect to severity of their smell loss. Methods: cAMP and cGMP were measured in nasal mucus using a sensitive spectrophotometric 96 plate ELISA technique. Smell loss was measured in patients with taste and smell dysfunction by standardized psychophysical measurements of olfactory function and classified by severity of loss into four types from most severe to least severe such that anosmia > Type I hyposmia > Type II hyposmia > Type III hyposmia. Measurements of nasal mucus cyclic nucleotides and smell loss were made independently. Results: As smell loss severity increased stepwise cAMP and cGMP levels decreased stepwise [cAMP, cGMP (in pmol/ml); anosmia – 0.004, 0.008: Type I hyposmia – 0.12±0.03, 0.10±0.03: Type II hyposmia – 0.15±0.02, 0.16±0.01: Type III hyposmia – 0.23±0.05, 0.20±0.15]. Conclusions: These results confirm the association of biochemical changes in cyclic nucleotides with systematic losses of smell acuity. These results confirm the usefulness of the psychophysical methods we defined to determine the systematic classification of smell loss severity. These changes can form the basis for the biochemical definition of smell loss among some patients with smell loss as well as for their therapy.

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Sui, Xin, Changli Zhou, Jinwei Li, Lei Chen, Xige Yang, and Feng Li. "Hyposmia as a Predictive Marker of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2019 (May 19, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3753786.

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Background. Hyposmia is one of the most common and best-characterized conditions that is also one of the first nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The association of hyposmia with PD is widely accepted; however the likelihood of developing PD is unclear. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk of PD in individuals with hyposmia.Methods. Prospective studies on humans published before December4th, 2018, were searched for in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Two independent reviewers screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. We assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and pooled data for analysis using random-effects models.Results. Of the 1774 studies retrieved, seven met the inclusion criteria for this review. A total of 3272 hyposmia and 176 PD events were reported over follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 17 years. Hyposmia was associated with a 3.84-fold risk of developing PD (pooled relative risk: 3.84, 95% CI 2.12−6.95). Subgroup analyses identified few differences between different hyposmia assessment methodologies and follow-up periods.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that deficiencies in olfaction are associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Future studies are needed to investigate whether hyposmia is a promising and feasible biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD.

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Kang, Dae Woong, Hye Kyu Min, Oh Eun Kwon, Sung Wan Kim, and Jin-Young Min. "Risk Factors Related to Poor Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification Scores in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Olfactory Dysfunction." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 63, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2020.00073.

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Background and Objectives Although patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) present a similar degree of olfactory dysfunction, their impairments in threshold, discrimination, and identification test results may vary. We investigated factors related to each of these components using the Korean version of the Sniffin’ Sticks test II in CRS patients.<br/>Subjects and Method A total of 120 CRS patients with olfactory dysfunction were enrolled and assigned to hyposmia and anosmia groups. Correlation between the three components were examined in both groups. We also subdivided patients into higher- and lower-score groups according to the threshold, discrimination, and identification scores within the hyposmia and anosmia groups to determine associated factors among the demographic factors, CRS severity on computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic findings.<br/>Results Threshold, discrimination, and identification scores were significantly correlated in hyposmia patients. Age [odds ratio (OR), 0.94] was associated with the threshold score, and the anterior olfactory cleft opacification score (OR, 1.31) on CT was associated with identification difficulties in hyposmia patients. The posterior olfactory cleft opacification score was associated with threshold (OR, 2.76) and identification difficulties (OR, 1.68) in anosmia patients. However, we could not identify significant risk factors for discrimination in both groups.<br/>Conclusion We demonstrated that the three components of the olfactory function test for CRS are significantly correlated in patients with hyposmia. Age was associated with threshold score in hyposmia patients and CRS severity, and with discrimination scores in both hyposmia and anosmia patients. These findings will help the understanding of pathophysiology of CRSrelated olfactory dysfunction.<br/>Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2020;63(8):358-68

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SANO, Hiroki, Yutaka HAYASHI, Mitsuhiro HASEGAWA, and Junkoh YAMASHITA. "Subfrontal Schwannoma Without Hyposmia-Case Report-." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 44, no. 11 (2004): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.44.591.

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Ille, Rottraut, Axel Wolf, Peter Valentin Tomazic, and Anne Schienle. "Hyposmia and Disgust: Gender-Specific Effects." Chemical Senses 42, no. 6 (November 19, 2016): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjw111.

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Mozell, Maxwell M., David N. Schwartz, Steven L. Youngentob, Donald A. Leopold, David E. Hornung, and Paul R. Sheehe. "Reversal of hyposmia in laryngectomized patients." Chemical Senses 11, no. 3 (1986): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/11.3.397.

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NETZER, A., A. GOLZ, H. ZVIJOACHIMS, and M. SILBERMAN. "Hyposmia following laryngectomy: An experimental model." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 2 (August 1997): P198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)80435-4.

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Ishimaru, Tadashi, Takaki Miwa, Motohiro Nomura, Masayuki Iwato, and Mrrusuru Furukawa. "Reversible hyposmia caused by intracranial tumour." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 8 (August 1999): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100145104.

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AbstractTwo patients with hyposmia caused by an intracranial tumour recovered olfactory functions after craniotomy. The first case was a 68-year-old male with a tumour metastasized from the lung to the right frontal lobe. The second case was a 75-year-old male with meningioma of the right frontal lobe. Results of T & T olfactometry and venous olfaction tests also indicated suspected central hyposmia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated compression of the frontal lobe by intracranial tumour. Pressure on the olfactory centre located in the frontal lobe produced hyposmia. Decompression of the frontal lobe by craniotomy improved the sense of smell. Therefore, some cases of olfactory disturbance caused by intracranial tumour may be reversible if they are the result of simple compression of the olfactory centre.

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Takayama, S., and T. Sasaki. "Acute Hyposmia in Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of International Medical Research 31, no. 5 (October 2003): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000303100516.

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Hirsch, Alan R. "Parkinsonism: The Hyposmia and Phantosmia Connection." Archives of Neurology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2009.38.

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Bulbuloglu, Semra, and Yasar Altun. "The effect of sniffing Turkish coffee on olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients : An experimental clinical study." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 3-4 (2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0117.

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The current study aimed to examine the effect of sniffing Turkish coffee on the sense of smell in COVID-19 patients. This study utilized the experiment-control method. Data were collected using a patient and disease information form and the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) Test. An experimental group of patients sniffed Turkish coffee, and the coffee’s effect on the patients’ sense of smell was examined. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 (IBM). Of the patients in the experimental group, 25% had moderate hyposmia, 58.3% had severe hyposmia, and 16.7% had anosmia prior to sniffing Turkish coffee. After sniffing the Turkish coffee, 13.3% of these patients regained their ability to smell normally, while 18.3% had mild hyposmia, 45% had moderate hyposmia, 6.7% had severe hyposmia, and 16.7% had anosmia. There was no difference in the control group between first and second measurement. COVID-19 patients who sniffed Turkish coffee intermittently regained some of their sense of smell for one hour. Turkish coffee is cheap, fragrant, widely available, and easy to access. Therefore, results of this study suggest that it may be recommended for treating olfactory disorder in COVID-19 patients.

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Sánchez-Vallecillo, María V., María E. Fraire, Carlos Baena-Cagnani, and Mario E. Zernotti. "Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/327206.

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Objectives. To measure the prevalence of and identify the clinical characteristics associated with olfactory decline in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods and Materials. There is analytical, prospective, and observational study in adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The olfactory test used was the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC).Results. They are 33 patients total. Within the group of patients aged 18 to 39, 9% had normosmia, 73% hyposmia, and 18% anosmia (P<0.001). Between 40 and 64 years old, there was no patient with normosmia, 63% hyposmia, and 37% anosmia (P<0.001). Of patients older than 65 years old, 33% showed mild hyposmia, 34% severe hyposmia, and 33% anosmia (P<0.001). 52% were females, and 48% were males.Conclusion. Nasal polyposis, asthma, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, tobacco, and allergic rhinitis are predicting factors of olfactory dysfunction. Antecedents of previous endoscopic surgeries, age, and gender would not be associated with olfactory loss.

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Klimek, Ludger, Bertram Moll, Ronald G. Amedee, and Wolf J. Mann. "Olfactory Function after Microscopic Endonasal Surgery in Patients with Nasal Polyps." American Journal of Rhinology 11, no. 4 (July 1997): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065897781446621.

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A controlled prospective study on 31 patients with nasal polyps was performed to evaluate the time course of olfactory function after endonasal surgery. A modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory function test was used to measure olfactory threshold, odor identification ability, and odor discrimination ability. The test was performed in all patients 1–3 days before surgery (V1), 7–10 days after surgery (V2), and after 1 (V3), 2 (V4), 3 (V5), and 6 (V6) months. Mean olfactory threshold in the CCCRC butanol test was 4.19 at V1 (= moderate hyposmia). At V2, it decreased to 3.46 (= severe hyposmia), before increasing to 5.16 at V3 and 5.22 at V4 (= mild hyposmia). After the second postoperative month, olfactory threshold decreased again until the end of the study: 5.13 at V5 and 4.87 at V6 (= moderate hyposmia). The time course for odor identification ability and odor discrimination ability showed comparable results. This study demonstrates that olfactory function is impaired in patients with nasal polyps. Endonasal sinus surgery might improve olfactory function with best results within 3 months after surgery.

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Flores-Torres, Mario H., Katherine C. Hughes, Samantha Molsberry, Xiang Gao, Jae H. Kang, Michael A. Schwarzschild, and Alberto Ascherio. "Cognitive function in men with non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease." BMJ Neurology Open 3, no. 1 (June 2021): e000112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2020-000112.

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ObjectiveSubtle cognitive deficits can occur during the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD), commonly in conjunction with hyposmia. However, little is known about the association between cognitive function and other features suggestive of prodromal PD. We evaluated the association of non-motor prodromal PD features, including hyposmia, constipation and probable REM sleep behaviour disorder (pRBD), with objective measures of cognitive function and self-reported cognitive decline.MethodsThe study population comprised 804 men who responded to a telephone cognitive interview in 2016–2017. Participants included 680 individuals with hyposmia, of whom 45 had confirmed PD, and 124 men without hyposmia. Among these men, we evaluated objective cognitive function and subjective cognitive decline to determine whether the presence of non-motor features of prodromal PD was associated with cognitive functioning. Analyses were adjusted for age, physical activity, body mass index, smoking status and coffee consumption.ResultsIndividuals with non-motor features of prodromal PD had worse objective and subjective cognitive performance relative to men without non-motor features. Cognitive impairment was particularly prevalent among individuals with concurrent hyposmia, pRBD and constipation (multivariate-adjusted OR=3.80; 95% CI 1.52 to 9.47 for objective poor cognitive function; OR=8.71; 95% CI 3.18 to 23.83 for subjective cognitive decline). As expected, both objective (OR=7.91) and subjective (OR=17.42) cognitive impairment were also more common among men with confirmed PD.ConclusionsOur study suggests that cognition is commonly affected in individuals with non-motor prodromal PD features, particularly when multiple of these features are present.

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Kitano, Masako, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Yoshinori Imanishi, Hiroshi Sakaida, and Yuichi Majima. "Clinical Analysis of Hyposmia-associated Taste Dysfunction." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 112, no. 3 (2009): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.112.110.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyposmie'

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