Academic literature on the topic 'Hypotestosteronemia'

Introduction. Erectile dysfunction is a multifactorial condition that is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. The classic method for studying the fundamental aspects of erectile reactions in normal and pathological conditions, as well as creating new methods of treatment, is experimental animal models used in preclinical studies. However, for more than 30 years of studying this problem in experimental researches, the specific moment of occurrence of morphological alterations in the cavernous bodies of the penis has not been established. In addition, the choice of the time frame of the developed therapeutic effects on the penis is not substantiated and differs for various authors, which indicates the lack of validity of their results.Purpose of the study. To determine the features of morphological alterations and the severity of fibrogenic pathological process in the cavernous bodies of the penis in the time dynamics of experimental modeling of hypotestosteronemia.Materials and methods. Laboratory animals is 20 white male rabbits, «New Zealand» breed, Oryctolagus cuniculus genus. Penile cavernous fibrosis in rabbits was induced by hypotestosteinemia due to bilateral orchiectomy. The level of total testosterone in the systemic blood flow in laboratory animals was determined on 1, 2, 3, 14, 21, and 28 days. Biopsies of penile tissues were evaluated by pathomorphological examination (Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Weigert’s staining, and light microscopy). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using Microsoft Excel and «Statistica 10.0» programs using the Student`s T-criteria.Results. Castration of rabbits leads to a 10-fold decrease in blood testosterone levels after 1 day after castration. Testosterone deficiency occurs by day 28. Morphological signs of the restructuring of smooth muscle cells, sinuses and connective tissue structures in the cavernous bodies of the penis are clearly defined by the day 7 after castration. Severe fibrotic changes in the cavernous tissues of the penis were noted at day 28.Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data demonstrate the dynamics of morphological alterations in penile tissues as early as 7 days after inducing hypotestosteronemia, which indicates the need to revise the time frame of therapeutic effects in studies using the castration animal model of erectile dysfunction.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to December 2012 on 95 patients between the ages of 20 and 65 years: 44 of which had been undergoing dialysis for over a year and 51 of whom had undergone kidney transplants more than 6 months before. Comorbidities were carefully recorded, erectile function was evaluated the with IIEF5 questionnaire and serum levels of total testosterone / free and prolactin were tested at early morning (7 AM). To assess the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and clinical laboratory tests, Student's t-test statistical (quantitative variables), chi-square (qualitative variables), the uni and multivariate analysis were used. Results: In patients undergoing dialysis and in recently transplanted patients a higher instance of ED was found (70% and 65% of cases respectively). Amongst dialyzed patients, patients aged over 50 suffer from ED more frequently. Patients aged over 50s represent 61% of the total number of patients suffering from ED, and just 31% of patients not suffering from ED, (p = 0.006); Hyperprolactinemia was found in 23% and 20% of both groups respectively. Fifty nine % of the dialyzed patients presented values of testosterone serum levels of less than 250 ng/dl with a significant difference between those who were suffering from ED and those who were not (65% of ED patients vs. 46%,of patients not affected from ED p = 0.019). This was found in only 37% of transplanted patients and there does not appear to be a statistically significant correlation with the onset of ED (p = 0.12). In patients over the age of 50, diabetes and a condition of hypotestosteronemia were significantly correlated with ED at univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: The ED in patients with end stage chronic kidney failure (CKF) continues to have a strong prevalence, either in the patients who are undergoing dialysis or in those who have received transplants. In literature this issue is not sufficiently considered if not at all. Hypotestosteronemia is a risk factor for the onset of ED in end stage CKF patients. A significantly lower prevalence of hypogonadism among dialyzed patents and transplant recipients suggests that renal transplantation may be protective for the sexual capabilities of these patients.