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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Carriere, Paul D., Riaz Farookhi, and James R. Brawer. "The role of aberrant hypothalamic opiatergc function in generating polycystic ovaries in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 8 (1989): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-140.

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Treatment of adult female rats with estradiol valerate produces an intractable hypothalamic impairment that ultimately results in anovulatory acyclicity and polycystic ovaries. Evidence from our laboratory suggests that the hypothalamic impairment compromises regulation of the endogenous opioid system engendering a persistent opiatergic suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, which is subsequently reflected in a chronically low pituitary content of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors. If such is the case, inhibition of opiatergic transmission should improve the gonadotrop

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2

Permana, Hendra, Afriyeni Sri Rahmi, and Syamel Muhammad. "Premature Ovarian Failure and Epilepsy." Journal Obgin Emas 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.5.1.1-8.2021.

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Premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature menopause refers to development of amenorrhoea due to cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. The diagnosis is based on elevated FSH levels in menopausal range (usually above 40 IU/l) detected on at least two occasions a few weeks apart. The term “epilepsy” defines a group of disorders characterized by an enduring predisposition of the brain to produce seizures. The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis regulation is affected by the abnormal neurophysiology of seizures, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian associated hormones are a

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3

Reznikov, A. G., P. V. Sinitsyn, L. V. Tarasenko, and L. I. Polyakova. "Neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for experimental anovulation of hyperandrogenie origin." Problems of Endocrinology 48, no. 6 (2002): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11732.

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An experimental model of anovulatory infertility of hyperandrogenic origin (subcutaneous implantation of silastic capsules with testosterone to mature female rats) was used to study morphological, hormonal, and biochemical indices that characterize the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. Disorders found in the functional metabolism of androgens in the hypothalamus, decreased pituitary response to hypothalamic hormone (HH), changes in the pattern of estrous cycles, ovarian morphological changes suggest that there are neuroendocrine disturbances ovulation regulation. The use of flutamide as a

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4

V.O., Beniuk, Kurochka V.V., Susak K.I., Drupp Yu.G., and Bala O.O. "HORMONAL HOMEOSTASIS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE WITH ADENOMYOSIS." Reproductive Health of Woman, no. 7 (November 30, 2022): 6–9. https://doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.7.2022.272463.

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The problem of adenomyosis is particularly relevant for patients of reproductive age, as it is accompanied by the significant disturbances of menstrual and generative functions. The article presents the results of studying the condition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis. <strong>The objective:</strong> to study the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with benign endometrial and myometrial pathology. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> The main group included 120 women of reproduct

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Horbatiuk, O. H., A. P. Hryhorenko, A. S. Shatkovska, O. V. Vaskiv, O. H. Gerych, and A. I. Petrash. "Features of hormonal homeostasis in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and premature ovarian insufficiengy caused by posttraumatic stress disorder." Reproductive health of woman, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.3.2023.283324.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder can cause severe and prolonged amenorrhea in women. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, there has been an increased number of visits for the medical care of female military servicewomen and displaced women with this problem.The objective: to perform a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the hormonal levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the stress hormone cortisol, as well as to analyze the presence of autoantibodies to ovarian tissue in women with secondary amenorrhea caused by posttraumatic stress disorder.Materials and methods.

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6

Mikhael, Sasha, Advaita Punjala-Patel, and Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan. "Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility." Biomedicines 7, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7010005.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of the

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7

O.H., Horbatiuk, Hryhorenko A.P., Shatkovska A.S., Vaskiv O.V., Gerych O.H., and Petrash A.I. "FEATURES OF HORMONAL HOMEOSTASIS IN WOMEN WITH FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHALAMIC AMENORRHEA AND PREMATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENGY CAUSED BY POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER." Reproductive Health of Woman, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.3.2023.283324.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder can cause severe and prolonged amenorrhea in women. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, there has been an increased number of visits for the medical care of female military servicewomen and displaced women with this problem. <em><strong>The objective</strong></em>: to perform a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the hormonal levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the stress hormone cortisol, as well as to analyze the presence of autoantibodies to ovarian tissue in women with secondary amenorrhea caused by posttraumatic stress disor

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8

Chaves, Ana Sofia, Filipe Silva, Ramiro Valentim, and Hélder Quintas. "Body Condition in Small Ruminants—Effects of Nutrition on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonad Axis and Ovarian Activity That Controls Reproduction." Physiologia 4, no. 2 (2024): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4020012.

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Nutritional status plays a vital role in regulating ovary activity. This regulation is mediated by the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis and by effects exerted directly on the ovary. Therefore, to achieve the best reproductive performance, it is essential to know how the nutritional status affects the secretion of GnRH, gonadotrophins, and sex steroid hormones. Adequate body reserves and energy balance are critical for optimal reproductive performance in sheep and goats. However, over- or under-conditioned animals experience issues like extended anestrus, irregular ovarian cycles, and reduced

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9

Beniuk, V. O., V. V. Kurochka, K. I. Susak, Yu G. Drupp, and O. O. Bala. "Hormonal homeostasis in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis." Reproductive health of woman, no. 7 (November 30, 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.7.2022.272463.

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The problem of adenomyosis is particularly relevant for patients of reproductive age, as it is accompanied by the significant disturbances of menstrual and generative functions. The article presents the results of studying the condition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis.The objective: to study the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with benign endometrial and myometrial pathology.Materials and methods. The main group included 120 women of reproductive age with benign endometrial and myometrial

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10

Бенюк, В. О., В. В. Курочка, К. І. Сусак, Ю. Г. Друпп та О. О. Бала. "Гормональний гомеостаз у жінок репродуктивного віку з аденоміозом". Reproductive health of woman, № 7 (30 листопада 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.7.2022.272464.

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The problem of adenomyosis is particularly relevant for patients of reproductive age, as it is accompanied by the significant disturbances of menstrual and generative functions. The article presents the results of studying the condition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis.The objective: to study the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system in women of reproductive age with benign endometrial and myometrial pathology.Materials and methods. The main group included 120 women of reproductive age with benign endometrial and myometrial

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11

Li, Peifeng, Qi Zhang, Chengzhu Chu, Binlin Ren, Pengfei Wu, and Genxi Zhang. "Transcriptome Analysis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reveals circRNAs Related to Egg Production of Bian Chicken." Animals 14, no. 15 (2024): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14152253.

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The hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis plays a pivotal role in the regulation of egg production in chickens. In addition to the traditional understanding of the HPO axis, emerging research highlights the significant role of circRNAs in modulating the functions of this axis. In the study, we collected hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tissues from low-yielding and high-yielding Bian chickens for transcriptome sequencing. We identified 339, 339, and 287 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs with p_value < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tis

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12

Barbosa, Kayke L., Raquel S. Dettogni, Charles S. da Costa, et al. "Tributyltin and the Female Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Disruption." Toxicological Sciences 186, no. 2 (2021): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab141.

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Abstract The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the principal modulator of reproductive function. Proper control of this system relies on several hormonal pathways, which make the female reproductive components susceptible to disruption by endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as tributyltin (TBT). Here, we review the relevant research on the associations between TBT exposure and dysfunction of the female HPG axis components. Specifically, TBT reduced hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression and gonadotropin release, and impaired ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidog

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13

Hendriks, M. L., T. König, R. S. Soleman, et al. "Influence of ovarian manipulation on reproductive endocrinology in polycystic ovarian syndrome and regularly cycling women." European Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 4 (2013): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0334.

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ObjectiveLittle is known about the function of the ovarian neuronal network in humans. In many species, copulation influences endocrinology through this network. As a first step, the possible influence of ovarian mechanical manipulation on pituitary and ovarian hormones was evaluated in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and regularly cycling women. DesignProspective case–control study (2008–2010).MethodsTen PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) undergoing ovulation induction with recombinant-FSH and ten normal ovulatory controls were included in an academic fertility clinic. In the late follicular

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Kosareva, O. V., S. V. Bulgakova, Yu A. Dolgikh, et al. "Role of adipose tissue and obesity in the development of reproductive disorders in women." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 8 (February 3, 2025): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-228-8-44-51.

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In recent decades, obesity has been a pressing medical and social problem for all countries, including the Russian Federation. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases, including reproductive and metabolic disorders. The article presents data on the prevalence of obesity among women. The effect of adipose tissue on reproductive function is shown - on ovarian function, on the endometrium, as well as on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. The relationship between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, and metabolic men

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15

Tohirovna, Djurabekova Surayyo. "EPILEPSY IN WOMEN OF FERTILE AGE." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 5, no. 8 (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume05issue08-10.

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Epilepsy in women is caused by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, and women with epilepsy have a higher incidence of disorders such as menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome, and infertility. The incidence of sexual dysfunction in the group of women with epilepsy ranges from 14 to 50%. It was found that epileptic seizures and long-term use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) lead to reproductive disorders of the female body, affecting the endocrine, hormonal, and sexual spheres of the female body.

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16

Kostjuchek, D. F., and V. N. Patutin. "Features of changes of menstruation function in the various periods of ontogenesis at the working women of an instrument-making industry." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 52, no. 2 (2003): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd88840.

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The object of the study was to study the nature of changes in menstrual function in women at different periods of ontogenesis, taking into account the degree and duration of contact with lead in industrial conditions. At the same time, a statistically significant increase in the frequency of menstrual dysfunctions was revealed. With the duration of contact with lead, the toxic effect of lead increases both on the central and peripheral link of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, which is the reason for the formation of premature menopause in radio installers.

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17

Fuqua, John S., and Erica A. Eugster. "History of Puberty: Normal and Precocious." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 95, no. 6 (2022): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000526464.

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Spanning from bench to bedside, the history of normal and precocious puberty is characterized by a series of remarkable advances that have illuminated reproductive physiology and profoundly impacted clinical care. Early recognition of the hypothalamic and pituitary control of ovarian and testicular function led to the identification of GnRH as the key driver of pubertal onset. Decades later, discovery of the kisspeptin system further refined our understanding of human reproductive neuroendocrinology. Development of long-acting analogs of GnRH revolutionized the treatment of precocious puberty

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18

Misra, Aparna. "THE GENETICS OF CYP GENE VARIANTS IN ASSOCIATION WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE REVIEW." Era's Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 2 (2024): 281–88. https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2024.46.

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A multifactorial endocrinal condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is typified by lack of ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary shape. Although the exact dysfunctional physiology of PCOS is unknown, genetic and environmental factors, and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis are the main causes of this condition. Hyperandrogenism, which manifests clinically as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia, is the hallmark of PCOS. The overproduction of androgen by the ovaries and adrenal glands results in hyperandrogenism. Women with PCOS have neuroendocrine system anomalies

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Basini, Giuseppina, and Francesca Grasselli. "Role of Melatonin in Ovarian Function." Animals 14, no. 4 (2024): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14040644.

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Melatonin is a hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland in the absence of light stimuli. The light, in fact, hits the retina, which sends a signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which inhibits the synthesis of the hormone by the epiphysis. Mostly by interacting with MT1/MT2 membrane receptors, melatonin performs various physiological actions, among which are its regulation of the sleep–wake cycle and its control of the immune system. One of its best known functions is its non-enzymatic antioxidant action, which is independent from binding with receptors and occurs by electron donation. The

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Toyama, Ryusuke, Toshihiko Fujimori, Yoko Nabeshima, et al. "Impaired Regulation of Gonadotropins Leads to the Atrophy of the Female Reproductive System in klotho-Deficient Mice." Endocrinology 147, no. 1 (2006): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0429.

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klotho-Deficient mice exhibit a syndrome resembling human premature ageing, with multiple pathological phenotypes in tissues including reproductive organs. It was proposed that Klotho might possess the hormonal effects on many organs. In this study, the female reproductive system of klotho mice was examined to reveal the mechanism that brought the female sterility by histological and molecular approaches. We observed cessation of ovarian follicular maturation at the preantral stage and the presence of numerous atretic ovarian follicles and atrophic uteri. In situ hybridization analysis reveale

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Pinilla, L., J. M. Castellano, M. Romero, M. Tena-Sempere, F. Gaytán, and E. Aguilar. "Delayed Puberty in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Involves a Primary Ovarian Failure Independent of the Hypothalamic KiSS-1/GPR54/GnRH System." Endocrinology 150, no. 6 (2009): 2889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1381.

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Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, extensively used as experimental models of essential human hypertension, display important alterations in the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, which manifest as markedly delayed puberty onset in females but whose basis remains largely unknown. We analyze herein in female SH rats: 1) possible alterations in the expression and function of KiSS-1/GPR54 and GnRH/GnRH-receptor systems, 2) the integrity of feedback mechanisms governing the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and 3) the control of ovarian function by gonadotropins. Our data demonstrate that, de

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Mahesh, Virendra B. "Hirsutism, virilism, polycystic ovarian disease, and the steroid-gonadotropin-feedback system: a career retrospective." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 1 (2012): E4—E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2011.

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This career retrospective describes how the initial work on the mechanism of hormone action provided the tools for the study of hirsutism, virilism, and polycystic ovarian disease. After excessive ovarian and or adrenal androgen secretion in polycystic ovarian disease had been established, the question whether the disease was genetic or acquired, methods to manage hirsutism and methods for the induction of ovulation were addressed. Recognizing that steroid gonadotropin feedback was an important regulatory factor, initial studies were done on the secretion of LH and FSH in the ovulatory cycle.

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Kovalyova, Yuliya V. "New International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovulatory disorders classification system 2022. Diagnostic assessment of ovulatory dysfunction." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 73, no. 1 (2024): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd191384.

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Until recently, researchers and clinicians have used the World Health Organization classification of ovulatory disorders (1973), which was based on the levels of gonadotropins and estrogens in the blood serum (mainly follicle-stimulating hormone) and classified ovulatory disorders depending on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction levels. This review article presents a new classification system for ovulation disorders developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in 2022. The first level of this classification system is based on an anatomical

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Kurowska, Patrycja, Alix Barbe, Marta Różycka, Justyna Chmielińska, Joelle Dupont, and Agnieszka Rak. "Apelin in Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Different Species: A Critical Review." International Journal of Endocrinology 2018 (June 6, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9170480.

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Apelin has been isolated from the bovine stomach extracts as an endogenous ligand of the previously orphan receptor APJ. Expression of the apelinergic system (apelin and APJ) was described in many organs where pleiotropic effects like regulation of food intake, body weight, or cardiovascular and immune function were described. Recent studies have shown that apelin also plays an important role in the regulation of female and male reproduction. Some data showed that the gene and protein of apelin/APJ are expressed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis tissue. Thus, apelin is synthesized

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Roy, Brenda N., Robert L. Reid, and Dean A. Van Vugt. "The Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Arginine Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in the Paraventricular Nucleus and Supraoptic Nucleus of the Rhesus Monkey." Endocrinology 140, no. 5 (1999): 2191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.5.6684.

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Abstract Ovarian steroids increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and sensitize the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis to stress-induced inhibition. The present study investigated the effect of ovarian steroids on CRH and arginine vasopressin (AVP) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the rhesus monkey hypothalamus, as both neuropeptides have been shown to stimulate the HPA axis and inhibit the HPO axis in this species. This was accomplished by measuring CRH and AVP mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) by in situ hybridization histochemist

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Szeliga, Anna, and Blazej Meczekalski. "Kisspeptin Modulation of Reproductive Function." Endocrines 3, no. 3 (2022): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030029.

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Kisspeptin is a peptide expressed mainly in the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive functions. It is regarded as the most important factor responsible for the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the onset of puberty, and the regulation of menstruation and fertility. Kisspeptin activity influences numerous processes such as steroidogenesis, follicular maturation, ovulation, and ovarian senescence. The identification of kisspeptin receptor mutations that cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has initiated studi

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de la Iglesia, Horacio O., and William J. Schwartz. "Minireview: Timely Ovulation: Circadian Regulation of the Female Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis." Endocrinology 147, no. 3 (2006): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1311.

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The preovulatory surge in the secretion of LH is timed by a neuroendocrine integrative mechanism that involves ovarian estradiol levels and the endogenous circadian system. Studies in female rats and hamsters have established that the clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus has a preeminent role in setting the LH surge, and anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological data are revealing the responsible connections between suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons and GnRH and estradiol-receptive areas. Recent investigations show that GnRH and pituitary cells express circadian clock genes tha

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Ullah, S., S. Ahmad, X. Guo, et al. "A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (June 7, 2022): 1084236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1084236.

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Over the years, the vaste expansion of plastic manufacturing has dramatically increased the environmental impact of microplastics [MPs] and nanoplastics [NPs], making them a threat to marine and terrestrial biota because they contain endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] and other harmful compounds. MPs and NPs have deleteriouse impacts on mammalian endocrine components such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, and ovaries. MPs and NPs absorb and act as a transport medium for harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphe

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Grigoryan, O. R., A. A. Okhotnikova, and E. N. Andreeva. "Hypothalomo-pituitary-gonadal axis in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus menstrual disorders and ovarian dysfunction." Problems of Endocrinology 55, no. 5 (2009): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl200955538-43.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) has negative effect on the development and functioning of the reproductive system in young girls. The time of onset of type 1 DM (especially in the puberty period), duration of the disease, and poor compensation of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism are supposed to be the most probable causes of delayed pubertal development exerting negative effect on the age of menarche and increasing the frequency of menstrual problems (largely oligo- and amenorrhea). Despite a wealth of relevant investigations, the cause of reproductive dysfunction remains unknown even though ne

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Evuarherhe, Obaro, James Leggett, Eleanor Waite, Yvonne Kershaw, and Stafford Lightman. "Reversal of the hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal response to oestrogens around puberty." Journal of Endocrinology 202, no. 2 (2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0175.

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The neuroendocrine gender dimorphism that begins during perinatal development is completed during puberty. We have previously described how the perinatal gonadal steroids programme hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) activity in adulthood and we now assess the role of peripubertal ovarian hormones. Prepubertal females were treated subcutaneously with either cholesterol or 17β-oestradiol and their pituitary–adrenal activity was assessed 5 days later. Oestradiol suppressed the ACTH and corticosterone responses to restraint stress in the prepubertal female. Furthermore, groups of female rats wer

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Prilepskaya, Vera N., and Elena G. Nazarenko. "Ladder of life of a modern woman: how to maintain health. Opportunities and prospects of phytotherapy (to help a practitioner)." Gynecology 21, no. 2 (2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2019.2.190376.

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The article provides a modern view on features of different stages of a woman’s life. It presents information on pathogenetic basis and effectiveness of modern phytotherapy with a use of certified agents for a treatment of main pathological conditions associated with different stages of a woman’s life when the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system’s function is formed, actively functions and then undergoes a gradual involution. The features of the use of herbal remedies in pathological conditions of the reproductive system (premenstrual syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, menopausal syndrome, mastal

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Yu, Zhen, Fan Wang, Junyong Han, et al. "Opposite effects of high- and low-dose di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure on puberty onset, oestrous cycle regularity and hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female rats." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 6 (2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd19024.

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous in the environment and has been proposed to lead to reproductive disruption. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of different doses of DEHP exposure on female hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis development. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were gavaged with vehicle (corn oil) or DEHP (5 or 500mgkg–1 day–1) during postnatal Days (PNDs) 22–28 or PNDs 22–70. Results demonstrated that the low and high doses of DEHP exerted opposite effects on puberty onset, circulating luteinising hormone, serum oestradiol and progesterone levels, w

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Roth, C., M. Schricker, M. Lakomek, et al. "Autoregulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system during puberty: effects of antagonistic versus agonistic GnRH analogs in a female rat model." Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 2 (2001): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1690361.

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To address whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates its own expression and the expression of its receptor in the hypothalamus and ovary, we treated five groups of prepubertal/peripubertal female rats from postnatal days 25-36 with either the GnRH agonist triptorelin (TRIP) or the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix (CET), each 10 or 100 microgram/day, or a placebo. We compared their effects regarding pubertal development, serum gonadotropins and the expression of GnRH and GnRH-receptor in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus. Onset of puberty was determined by vaginal opening, a

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Fujiwara, Tomoko, Masanori Ono, Michihiro Mieda, et al. "Adolescent Dietary Habit-induced Obstetric and Gynecologic Disease (ADHOGD) as a New Hypothesis—Possible Involvement of Clock System." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051294.

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There are growing concerns that poor dietary behaviors at young ages will increase the future risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. We found that female college students who skipped breakfast had higher incidences of dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation, suggesting that meal skipping affects ovarian and uterine functions. Since dysmenorrhea is more prevalent in those with a past history of dieting, we proposed a novel concept that inadequate dietary habits in adolescence become a trigger for the subsequent development of organic gynecologic diseases. Since inadequate feeding that was limit

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Garcia-Garcia, R. M. "Integrative Control of Energy Balance and Reproduction in Females." ISRN Veterinary Science 2012 (September 26, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/121389.

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There is a strong association between nutrition and reproduction. Chronic dietary energy deficits as well as energy surpluses can impair reproductive capacity. Metabolic status impacts reproductive function at systemic level, modulating the hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network and/or the pituitary gonadotropin secretion through several hormones and neuropeptides, and at the ovarian level, acting through the regulation of follicle growth and steroidogenesis by means of the growth hormone-IGF-insulin system and local ovarian mediators. In the past years, several hormones and neuropeptides have bee

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Mamedova, S. M., M. A. Qarashova, E. M. Aliyeva, and S. Q. Sultanova. "The condition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian system in women with tumors and tumoral formations of the organs of the reproductive system in the postmenopausal period." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(133) (September 30, 2018): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.133.96.

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The objective: of the study was to study the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian system in women with benign preinvasive and tumor-like formations of the reproductive system organs in the postmenopausal period. Materials and methods. 130 women with various tumors and tumoral formations of reproductive system organs in the postmenopausal period were examined. The parameters of follicle stimulating, luteinizing hormones, estradiol, estrone, prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandosterone sulfate were studied. Results. It was established that out of 130 women with var

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Sun, Weiwei, Hui Xie, Ji Ji, Xiaojie Zhou, David Goltzman, and Dengshun Miao. "Defective female reproductive function in 1,25(OH)2D-deficient mice results from indirect effect mediated by extracellular calcium and/or phosphorus." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 299, no. 6 (2010): E928—E935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00378.2010.

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We used mice with targeted deletion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase−/−] to investigate the effects of calcium and phosphorus on defects in the reproductive system of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]-deficient female mice. The 1α(OH)ase−/− mice and their wild-type littermates were fed either a normal diet or a rescue diet (high calcium, phosphate, and lactose) starting from weaning until 3 mo of age. We then determined serum calcium and phosphorus levels, assessed gonadotropin and gonadal hormone production, and evaluated folliculogenesis, corpus luteum formation, ovarian a

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Tsilionis, Vasileios, Efthalia Moustakli, Stefanos Dafopoulos та ін. "Reproductive Health in Women with Major β-Thalassemia: Evaluating Ovarian Reserve and Endocrine Complications". Metabolites 14, № 12 (2024): 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14120717.

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Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia characterized by a partial or complete deficiency in the synthesis of alpha- or beta-globin chains, which are essential components of adult hemoglobin. Mutations in the globin genes lead to the production of unstable globin chains that precipitate within cells, causing hemolysis. This shortens the lifespan of mature red blood cells (RBCs) and results in the premature destruction of RBC precursors in the bone marrow. Regular red blood cell transfusions are the standard treatment for thalassemia. However, these transfusion

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Ermolenko, Kristina S., V. E. Radzinsky, and S. I. Rapoport. "Stateof-the-art of realization of the fertility potential in the women of late reproductive age." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 1 (2016): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-1-10-15.

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Biological potential of childbearing in the women of late reproductive age is limited by natural impairment and loss of fertility. Despite a considerable progress in clinical application of new diagnostic and reproductive technologies, the problem of infertility remains a most serious challenge. Women’s age is one of the main factors responsible for the outcome of in vitro fertilization. The low effectiveness of in vitro fertilization programs is attributed to discoordination in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, depletion of ovarian resources, and deterioration of quality of reproductive mate

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Milosevic, Ana, Irena Lavrnja, Danijela Savic, et al. "Rat Ovarian Function Is Impaired during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis." Cells 12, no. 7 (2023): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12071045.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the CNS and occurring far more prevalently in women than in men. In both MS and its animal models, sex hormones play important immunomodulatory roles. We have previously shown that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) affects the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in rats of both sexes and induces an arrest in the estrous cycle in females. To investigate the gonadal status in female rats with EAE, we explored ovarian morphometric parameters, circulating and intraovarian sex steroid levels, and the expression of steroidogeni

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Biswas, Anupam, Swadha Tiwari, Shomya Tiwari, and Tapas Bhaduri. "EFFECTIVE AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PCOS: A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 15, no. 4 (2024): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.154105.

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Nowadays, cases of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) are rising very significantly, generally present in younger age groups due to faulty food habits, lifestyle, stress, etc. PCOS is a disease characterised by menstrual irregularities, elevated androgen levels and multiple cysts on one or both ovaries. A complex process is maintained by the intact uterine-adnexa and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the female reproductive system. The normal functioning of the human body depends on the interdependence of all its systems, and any imbalance in one can lead to multisystem pathology. It

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Lee, Jimin, Kangmin Kim, Seon-Mi Park, Jin-Sook Kwon, and Eui-Bae Jeung. "Effects of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane on Reproductive Systems in Female Rats." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040302.

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The female reproductive system becomes fertile through the action of hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. On the other hand, estrogen-like endocrine disruptors released into the environment come into contact with humans by various routes and affect the reproductive system. Exposure to these chemicals can cause problems with the reproductive process, from egg ovulation to implantation, or cause female reproductive diseases. These reproductive problems cause infertility. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used for lubrication in silicone polymers, households, and perso

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Chen, Zixuan, Lina Si, Weihan Shu, et al. "Exogenous Melatonin Regulates Puberty and the Hypothalamic GnRH-GnIH System in Female Mice." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111550.

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In recent years, the age of children entering puberty is getting lower and the incidence of central precocious puberty is increasing. It is known that melatonin plays an increasingly important role in regulating animal reproduction, but the specific role and mechanism of melatonin in regulating the initiation of puberty remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of subcutaneous melatonin injection on pubertal development in female mice and its mechanism of action. Female mice that were 22 days old received 1 mg/kg doses of melatonin subcutaneously every day

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Lovkina, O. L., S. A. Tarasiuk, and O. A. Muntyan. "Features of the use of combined oral contraceptives for the correction of premenstrual syndrome." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 29, no. 1 (2025): 142–45. https://doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2025-29(1)-25.

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Annotation. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of cognitive, physical, and affective symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and disappear at the beginning of menstruation. Its more severe variant is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The aim of the work is to investigate the effects of combined oral contraceptives and their effectiveness and safety for the correction of PMS and PMDD. A retrospective analysis of the scientific literature was carried out using the following sources: PubMed, ReseachGate, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane. The majority of

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Сулейманова and N. Suleymanova. "Risk Factors of Malignant Neoplasms of Female Genital Organs (Review of Literature)." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 1 (2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3326.

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The scientific review discusses the correlation between the MN morbidity rate of the female genitalia and the factors of the external and internal environment of the body: genetic (hereditary) and environmental (exogenous and endogenous). The author notes that the significance of the factors in the development of oncological process is different depending on the form and localizations of malignant tumors. Identified genes are responsible for the appearance of hereditary ovarian cancer (however, the genes of predisposition to cancer of body and cervix of the uterus don’t identified so far). The

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Rybska, Marta, Marek Skrzypski, Karolina Pusiak, Tatiana Wojciechowicz, and Adam Mieldzioc. "The tissue distribution of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in the reproductive organs of bitches with regard to the animal’s age and body weight." Journal of Veterinary Research 69, no. 1 (2025): 141–50. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0015.

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Abstract Introduction Neuropeptide nesfatin-1, a nucleobindin-2 derivative, plays a role in regulating food intake, energy metabolism and body weight. It also interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has functions in the reproductive system. However, its impact on the canine reproductive tract has not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of nesfatin-1 in canine ovarian activity and uterine function. Material and Methods Tissue and peripheral blood samples were collected from 60 bitches of various ages and body condition scores (BCS). Analys

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Nakano, Yasuhiro, Chiaki Kashino, Toru Hasegawa, et al. "ODP407 Effects of Leptin and Ghrelin on Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Involvement of BMP Action in Rat Granulosa Cells." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1363.

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Abstract Leptin and ghrelin are the two major hormones which regulate food intake and energy balance. They have also been reported to have pleiotropic functions, including the modulation of ovarian function via the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system or in a direct manner to the ovaries. Blood leptin levels increase over the menstrual cycle and peak at the time of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Leptin secreted from adipocytes acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to stimulate the secretion of GnRH and gonadotropins. In the ovaries, high levels of leptin inhibit follicle-stimulati

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AKHUNDOVA, NATAVAN E. "THE STATUS OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL-OVARIAN SYSTEM AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN WOMEN WITH HYPERANDROGENISM AND HYPERPROLACTINEMIA." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2017.10(5).7-11.

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Kakeyama, Masaki, Hideko Sone, and Chiharu Tohyama. "Perinatal exposure of female rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces central precocious puberty in the offspring." Journal of Endocrinology 197, no. 2 (2008): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0062.

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Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during the fetal and neonatal periods has been indicated to alter the development of the offspring later in life. In this study, we determined whether perinatal exposure to a low dose of TCDD affects the onset of puberty in the female offspring of Long-Evans hooded rats. On day 15 of gestation, pregnant female rats were administered TCDD by gavage at a single dose of 0 (vehicle), 200, or 800 ng/kg b.w. In the female offspring born to dams administered with TCDD at either 200 or 800 ng/kg b.w., the vaginal opening and first estrus occurred

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Evans, J. J., G. Robinson, and K. J. Catt. "Gonadotrophin-releasing activity of neurohypophysial hormones: I. Potential for modulation of pituitary hormone secretion in rats." Journal of Endocrinology 122, no. 1 (1989): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1220099.

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ABSTRACT Neurohypophysial hormones have been implicated in the control of anterior pituitary function, and oxytocin has been shown to stimulate gonadotrophin excretion and ovarian follicular development in certain species. To determine the role of neurohypophysial peptides in the control of gonadotrophin release, their actions on LH and FSH secretion were analysed in rats in vivo and in vitro. In adult female rats, administration of oxytocin during early pro-oestrus advanced the spontaneous LH surge and markedly increased peripheral LH levels at 15.00 h compared with control animals. In cultur

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