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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hypothetic necessity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hypothetic necessity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Maksimova, T. P. "Paradoxical Emergence of the Food Security Problem in Times of Current Challenges: from the General to the Particular." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 20, no. 2 (2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2023-2-5-15.

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Complete satisfaction of essential needs of the population is a key factor of any economic system sustainability.The article studies specific features of the food security problem, identifies paradoxes of its emergence, focuses on attaining quality parameters in resolving problems of food security. The author carries out comparative analysis of certain aspects of global and national food security and investigates implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The multi-aspect character of the food security problem was grounded and the necessity of its systematic study

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Ratto, Carlo, Angelo Alessandro Marra, Angelo Parello, Veronica De Simone, Paola Campennì, and Francesco Litta. "Would Surgeons Like to Be Submitted to Anal Fistulotomy? An International Web-Based Survey." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (2023): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030825.

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Traditional fistulotomy is the most performed surgical procedure in anal fistula surgery. We conducted an international online survey to explore colorectal surgeons’ opinions and preferences on fistulotomy. Considering the healing and continence impairment rates reported in the literature, surgeons were invited to answer as a hypothetic patient susceptible to being submitted to fistulotomy for low and high anal fistula. A total of 767 surgeons completed the survey from 72 countries. The majority of respondents were consultants, having treated more than 20 anal fistulas in the last year. Most o

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Smolentsev, Dmitry, Ashot Sarkisov, and Sergey Antipov. "Safe development of nuclear power technologies in the Arctic: prospects and approaches." Nuclear Energy and Technology 4, no. 4 (2018): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.4.31870.

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The demands for nuclear power technologies in the Arctic for solving social and economic problems of the state can only be satisfied if adequate strategies of their safe handling at all stages from design to decommissioning are defined, methodological approaches and mathematical models for predicting and minimizing adverse environmental impacts of potential emergency situations at such facilities are developed, and scientifically-based results yielded within a decision-making support system for the elimination of such emergencies are applied. Special relevance of these requirements is determin

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Stein, Nathanael. "Explanation and Hypothetical Necessity in Aristotle." Ancient Philosophy 36, no. 2 (2016): 353–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil201636224.

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Charles, David. "ARISTOTLE ON HYPOTHETICAL NECESSITY AND IRREDUCIBILITY." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 69, no. 1 (1988): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.1988.tb00300.x.

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Langer, Ullrich. "Hypothetical Necessity and Fiction in the Early Renaissance." MLN 102, no. 1 (1987): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2905566.

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Pécharman, Martine. "Hobbes’s De Corpore on Modalities and Its Contemporary Critiques." Hobbes Studies 30, no. 1 (2017): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-03001003.

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Hobbes considered as unambiguous and unproblematic his demonstration in De Corpore that every effect past, present or future is necessary, since it always requires a sufficient cause that cannot be sufficient without being necessary, so that nothing is possible which will not be actual at some time. Now, this approach to necessity and possibility was received by his contemporary readers as missing its aim. Two immediate criticisms of De Corpore by Moranus and Ward exhibit from this viewpoint an interesting difference as to their common argument that only hypothetical necessity can result from

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Birks, H. J. B. "Is the hypothesis of survival on glacial nunataks necessary to explain the present-day distributions of Norwegian mountain plants?" Phytocoenologia 23, no. 1-4 (1993): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/23/1993/399.

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Barkauskaitė, Marijona, and Daiva Karužaitė. "Problems of (Self-) education Substantiated by Scientific Research." Pedagogika 118, no. 2 (2015): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.018.

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The scientific community members tend to acknowledge that scientific achievements in educational sciences are much slower compared to other areas. However, it is encouraging that in 2014 responding to the challenges relevant to the system of education, the young researchers of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences searched for and substantiated solutions to a number of problems employing their original scientific research. In the Committee of Joint Doctoral Studies (Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Šiauliai University and Lithuanian

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Csordas, George, and Richard S. Varga. "Necessary and sufficient conditions and the Riemann hypothesis." Advances in Applied Mathematics 11, no. 3 (1990): 328–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8858(90)90013-o.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Li, Yuyao. "L'ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ dans la philosophie naturelle d'Aristote". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H207.

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La science naturelle porte sur certains êtres qui sont soumis à la génération et au changement. Or, selon la définition aristotélicienne de la science, il n’y a pas de science de ce qui peut être autrement qu’il est. Comment, donc, la science naturelle peut-elle exister en tant que science chez Aristote ? En outre, si la science a pour fin de connaitre les principes et les causes de son objet, et que les êtres périssables ont les mêmes principes et causes que les êtres éternels, pourquoi ne sont-ils pas eux-mêmes éternels ? Ainsi, une science naturelle en tant que telle doit chercher des princ

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Balla-Johnson, William R. "The Pluperfect First Hypothesis: The compound pluperfect as a necessary precondition of the perfect-to-perfective shift in Romance." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587492835330817.

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Carvalho, Rodrigo Romão de. "O papel do Hilemorfismo nos príncipios do exame da constituição do ser vivo em Aristóteles." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-18122012-124855/.

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A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de estudar os princípios de investigação dos seres vivos tendo como parâmetro a concepção hilemórfica dos entes naturais em Aristóteles. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, analisaremos o hilemorfismo tal como exposto no Livro II da Física, a fim de investigarmos a doutrina da matéria e forma, no contexto em que ela desempenha um papel fundamental para a elaboração de uma concepção que é capaz de mostrar os modos pelos quais os entes se constituem na natureza. Em segundo lugar, examinaremos os princípios de investigação dos seres vivos no Livro I das Partes dos An

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Hildebrandt, Frauke. "Unterstellungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15594.

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Der Unterstellungsbegriff ist ein zentraler Begriff innerhalb transzendentaler Argumente. Transzendentale Argumente sind Versuche, empirische Erkenntnis stabiler zu sichern als durch empirische Erkenntnis selbst. Dabei müssten, heißt es immer wieder, bestimmte grundlegende Sachverhalte unterstellt werden. Was genau bedeutet hier „unterstellen“? Exemplarisch wird in dieser Arbeit Habermas’ Verwendung des Unterstellungsbegriffs und des eng verwandten Voraussetzungsbegriffs nachvollzogen und interpretiertHabermas verwendet seinen Kernbegriff nicht einheitlich, insbesondere unterscheidet er nicht

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Dzialowski, Louis. "Sideshadow views : narrative possibilities in Charles Dickens's late novels." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19287.

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Books on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Lemeshko, Boris, and Pavel Blinov. Criteria for checking deviations from the exponential law. Application manual. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1097477.

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The monograph is intended for specialists who are more or less faced with the issues of statistical data analysis, processing of experimental results, and using statistical methods to analyze various aspects and trends of the surrounding reality. The guide discusses the application of statistical criteria aimed at testing the hypothesis that the analyzed sample belongs to the exponential (exponential) distribution law. The disadvantages and advantages of various criteria are indicated. Estimates of the power of the criteria and results of comparative analysis of the criteria are given, as well

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Lemeshko, Boris, Aleksandr Popov, and Vadim Seleznev. Criteria for checking the deviation of the distribution from the normal law. Application Guide. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1896110.

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The monograph discusses the application of statistical criteria aimed at testing the hypothesis that the analyzed data belongs to the normal law of probability distribution. Special criteria, nonparametric criteria of agreement and criteria of type χ2 are considered and compared. The disadvantages and advantages of various criteria are indicated. Tables containing percentage points and statistical distribution models necessary for the correct application of criteria are given. In comparison with the first edition, the set of considered special criteria of normality has been significantly

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Hill, Christopher. Conceivability and Possibility. Edited by Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler, and John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.4.

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This article examines some philosophical questions about knowledge of modality, including how we determine whether a proposition is necessary or contingent and what procedures to use for recognizing possibility. It maintains that virtually anything is conceivable, and that conceivability is therefore incapable of providing a reliable test for possibility. Whether a conceivable state of affairs is genuinely possible depends on whether it is compatible with the class of necessary truths. But this means that we must have some independent way of recognizing necessity. The article explains that ind

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Alger, Bradley E. Defense of the Scientific Hypothesis. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881481.001.0001.

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This book explains and defends the scientific hypothesis. Explanation is needed to counteract the misinformation and misunderstanding about the hypothesis that even scientists have concerning its nature and place in the tapestry of modern science. A survey revealed that most biological scientists receive little or no formal training in scientific thinking. Defense is needed because the hypothesis is under attack by critics who claim it is irrelevant to science. Defense is important, too, because the hypothesis is perhaps the major element in scientific thinking, and familiarity with it is nece

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Galaz, Miguel. Anomaly Hypothesis: How the Great Recession Demonstrates the Necessity for a Paradigm Shift in Economics and Finance Theory. Lulu Press, Inc., 2012.

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Batson, C. Daniel. Premature Release of the Prime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0011.

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The third new possibility returned attention to the first egoistic hypothesis: remove–empathy. Perhaps people feeling high empathy think that even if they escape physical exposure to the need, they will continue to feel empathic concern. If so, psychological escape is still difficult, and the results previously reported (see Chapter 4) are as consistent with remove–empathy as with the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Contrary to this possibility, some research suggested physical escape did provide psychological escape in the experiments in Chapter 4. Further, Eric Stocks conducted two experiments

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Elwood, Mark. Chance variation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0008.

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This chapter explains chance variation and statistical tests, including discrete and continuous measures, the concept of significance, one and two sided test, exact tests, precision and confidence limits. It shows tests of differences in proportions and chi-square tests, the Mantel-Haenszel test, and calculation of confidence limits, for simple tables and for stratified data. It covers heterogeneity tests, multiplicative and additive models, ordered exposure variables and tests of trend. It explains statistical tests for matched studies and in multivariate models. Multiple testing, the Bonferr

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Bluhm, Robyn. Inductive Risk and the Role of Values in Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the implications of clinical research for philosophical discussions of inductive risk, focusing on three methodological debates: (1) the necessity of randomization, (2) the distinction between explanatory and pragmatic trials, and (3) the use of placebo versus active controls. All of these debates can usefully be recast in terms of inductive risk, which raises several important implications for philosophical discussion. They show that consideration of inductive risk, first, need not involve a straightforward trade-off between the consequences of false positive versus fals

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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Design and Analysis of Experimental Research II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0009.

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This chapter introduces the reader to more possibilities for thinking about causal questions and for laying the foundational concepts necessary for conducting data analyses that correspond to more complex experimental designs. The discussion of experimental design types presented in chapter 8 is expanded to include within-subjects designs, factorial designs, mixed designs, and designs for multivariate outcomes. Prototypical examples of each design type are presented along with the typical analysis tools used for testing the associated experimental hypotheses. Hypothetical examples of research

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Wheeler, Michael. Knowledge, Credit, and the Extended Mind, or what Calvisius Sabinus got Right. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769811.003.0008.

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According to one prominent view in contemporary epistemology, the correct application of one’s cognitive abilities in believing truly is necessary and sufficient for a kind of credit that is, in turn, necessary for knowledge. Epistemologists who hold this view typically take the cognitive abilities concerned to be based in states and processes that are spatially located inside the head of the knowing subject. Enter the hypothesis of extended cognition (henceforth ExC). According to ExC, the physical machinery of mind sometimes extends beyond the skull and skin. The present chapter will explore

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Book chapters on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Pinkston, John Alexander. "Ethics and Evidence: Is Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials Necessary to Firmly Establish a New Therapy?" In Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44270-5_8.

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Rook, Graham A. W. "Human Evolution, Microorganisms, Socioeconomic Status and Reconciling Necessary Microbial Exposures with Essential Hygiene." In Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_2.

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Moncayo, Raul, Barri Belnap, and Greg Farr. "Does a Rat Have Being? The Being of the Subject as a Necessary Hypothesis (Experienced or Supposed)." In Exploring Lacan’s Encore Seminar XX. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003424581-20.

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Guiderdoni, Bruno. "Randomness, Providence, and the Multiverse." In Abrahamic Reflections on Randomness and Providence. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75797-7_5.

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AbstractWe review the role of chance, contingency, necessity, and providence among cosmic properties. The materialistic worldview in which the patterns of the universe result from random processes and humans exist in an “indifferent” universe is examined, as well as the current evidence for a fine-tuned universe. The multiverse is the preferred solution to explain why the properties of our observable universe appear to be bio-friendly. It reintroduces randomness and contingency into the cosmic process. However, this explanation comes at the cost of non-testability. And it is argued that there is no certainty about the evacuation of some kind of remaining fine-tuning in the (hypothetical) fundamental law that rules the multiverse.

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Trambaioli, Marcella. "L’amorose furie d’Orlando de Giacinto Andrea Cicognini y el teatro de abolengo ariostesco de Lope de Vega: una cuestión crítica pendiente." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.11.

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In order to highlight the intertextual game that Giacinto Andrea Cicognini creates in it L’amorose furie d’Orlando with Angélica en el Catay by Lope de Vega, a hypothesis vented but not demonstrated by Gobbi in an ancient critical essay, it is necessary to read and reread the two comedies without losing sight of the octaves of Ariosto with a meticulousness that, until now, no one had believed necessary to put in place, perhaps because in both cases we are not faced with absolute masterpieces. In any case, if it is true that certain images and phrases can fall into the category of literary interdiscursiveness, which goes beyond the two plays analyzed, the fact remains that the numerous similarities identified cannot be the result of chance.

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Xu, Qiaoji, and David Sankoff. "Gene Order Phylogeny via Ancestral Genome Reconstruction Under Dollo." In Comparative Genomics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36911-7_7.

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AbstractWe present a proof of principle for a new kind of stepwise algorithm for unrooted binary gene-order phylogenies. This method incorporates a simple look-ahead inspired by Dollo’s law, while simultaneously reconstructing each ancestor (sometimes referred to as hypothetical taxonomic units “HTU”). We first present a generic version of the algorithm illustrating a necessary consequence of Dollo characters. In a concrete application we use generalized oriented gene adjacencies and maximum weight matching (MWM) to reconstruct fragments of monoploid ancestral genomes as HTUs. This is applied to three flowering plant orders while estimating phylogenies for these orders in the process. We discuss how to improve on the extensive computing times that would be necessary for this method to handle larger trees.

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Loke, Andrew. "Ultimate Design." In The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_7.

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AbstractHypothesis (iv) ‘uncaused universe’ has been refuted in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_6. Moreover, it does not explain how it could be necessary that subjunctive facts (Lange) or physical entities have stable essences (Ellis) or dispositions (Mumford) that persist throughout time which enable them to behave in ways describable by mathematical laws. The Design hypothesis explains this. I reply to various arguments against the likelihood of Design, for example, Dawkins’ ‘who made God’ objection, Hume’s objection from ‘imperfections’, and Halvorsen’s objection that almost all physically possible universes are lifeless. I conclude that, while the alternatives to design are unlikely, there is no good reason to think that the Design hypothesis is unlikely. Since the list of hypotheses in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_4 is logically exhaustive, the epistemic probabilities of those five categories must add up to 1. Even if one assigns to each alternative a probability of 0.1% (which is very generous given the arguments in previous chapters), that still leaves Design with a high probability of 99.6%. One can therefore argue for the Design hypothesis by exclusion without having to first assign a prior probability for Design, thus avoiding the objections by critics (e.g. Sober) on this point entirely.

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Calderamo, Arianna, and Mariella Nocenzi. "When the Footprint Is a Carbon One: A Sustainable Paradigm for the Analysis of the Contemporary Society." In Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11756-5_12.

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AbstractStarting from the commonly used meaning of a “human” footprint, connected to the traces that every action, product or process leaves in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, the paper explores new perspectives for a changing social theory considering the principles of sustainability. This theoretical hypothesis stands on the necessity of a revision of the sociological principles to observe and analyse the contemporary phenomena connected to economic, political and social transformations due to environmental problems. The focus is on human action and its new role in the changing social space, time and relations. The application of these revised notions to a concrete process, such as the assessment of policies and social participation in Italian National Parks, according to the “positive thinking” model, will add some evidence about the radical transformation of cognitive paths and social dynamics.

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Radvan, Michal. "Zdanění venkovní reklamy." In Pocta prof. Josefu Bejčkovi k 70. narozeninám. Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0094-2022-33.

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The article deals with the issue of taxation of outdoor advertising. After a critical analysis of the existing legal regulation of the local charge for using public space and a historical excursion to the draft law on municipal taxes, the hypothesis that the charge for using public space is a sufficient tool for limiting visual smog is refuted. A combination of administrative law, tax law, and non-legal instruments is appropriate to effectively regulate the visual smog (co-)caused by outdoor advertising. It is necessary to introduce a local advertising charge, the individual structural components of which are presented at the end of the article.

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Kurek, Justyna. "Operational Activities in the Field of Cybersecurity." In Cybersecurity in Poland. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_27.

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AbstractThe increase in cybercrime and the importance of cyberspace for the preparatory stage of crimes led to the redefinition of operational and exploratory activities. It has become desirable to move away from the concept of targeted surveillance and towards prevention systems used on a massive scale. This trend is manifested in using technological achievements like hacking software for legal purposes. The goal of this article is to define the concept of state-run on-line remote search of information systems, including the use of breakthrough security software like spyware, in the context of procedural- and pre-trial guarantees, the presumption of innocence and protection of privacy. The article attempts to verify the following research hypothesis: that the creation of new appropriate guarantees (institutional, substantive and procedural) for the digital environment is required since the existing safeguards appropriate to the actions in the real world cannot be applied by analogy in the digital environment without influencing the effectiveness of the measures. The legal framework for operational activities in the digital world must take into account the requirement of subsidiarity and necessity of maintaining a balance between effective criminal law and respect for privacy.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Katz, Gil, Pablo Piantanida, Romain Couillet, and Merouane Debbah. "On the necessity of binning for the distributed hypothesis testing problem." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2015.7282966.

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Dumas, Antonio, Michele Trancossi, and Mauro Madonia. "Hydrogen Airships: A Necessary Return Because of High Costs of Helium." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87595.

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Many airship projects have been presented during last years. Most of them are slowed in their realization because of very high costs of Helium. This paper presents an economic and energetic comparison between Helium filled airships and Hydrogen filled ones under the hypothesis of buying 20 MPa compressed Helium and local production of photovoltaic hydrogen by electrolysis. The economic evaluation comprises the costs of PV plant for hydrogen production and docking and distribution systems for both gasses. Analysis of uncertainty has been performed to evaluate economic parameters and payback tim

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D. BELSKI, Jakub. "NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS AS AN ADDED VALUE OF THE POLISH SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONTEMPORARY SITUATION IN UKRAINE." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.5.

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Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are associations of people who are not content to be mere observers. This makes it possible to develop the human race and engage it in activities, the implementation of which would be difficult or impossible without the involvement of active members of society. [1] The situation of the conflict in Ukraine illustrated the necessity of tightening cooperation between state institutions and non-governmental organisations. Developing procedures for cooperation, and not only defining the necessity of cooperation, is necessary to avoid crises and effectively assi

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Brickman, Dennis B. "Commercial Tree Chipper: The Leg Pull-In Hypothesis." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32459.

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This paper addresses a commercial mobile tree chipper with a mechanical infeed system that is manually fed. The purpose of this paper is to show that tree branches and brush presented to a disc chipper through the infeed hopper will not pull an erectly standing operator’s leg off the ground and into the feed wheels given the conditions set forth in this test program. In order for an erectly standing operator’s leg to contact the feed wheels, it is necessary for the leg to be pulled off the ground and over the bottom leading edge of the infeed hopper. Experiments demonstrate that the operator’s

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Кусяков, Альфред Шамильевич. "HYPOTHESIS VERIFICATION IN PROBABILISTIC CALCULATION OF THIN-WALL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES." In Инновационные проблемы научного развития: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Выборг, Март 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230320.2023.13.48.003.

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Методами статистического моделирования исследуется проблема устойчивости композитной прямоугольной пластинки, находящейся под действием сжимающих нагрузок. Выполнена проверка статистической гипотезы о равенстве выборочного значения коэффициента устойчивости его теоретическому значению. Все необходимые вычисления осуществлялись в среде сиcтемы компьютерной алгебры MAXIMA. Statistical modeling methods are used to study the problem of stability of a composite rectangular plate under compressive loads. The statistical hypothesis was tested about the equality of the sample value of the stability co

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Tai, Shi, Zhang Dong-hui, and Hu Wen-jun. "Sodium Cooled Fast Bread Reactor HCDA Codes Development." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66067.

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Liquid metal fast reactor is one of the Gen IV nuclear power, it is necessary to analyze hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA) of FBR to ensure that the system can prevent the radioactive material from leaking out. The modified Bethe-Tait model is the primary method to analyze hypothetical core disruptive accident in the world. In order to better analyze the nuclear reactor hypothetical core disruptive accident in China, an improved B-T model is used. At present, on the basis of the improved B-T model, power distribution of the CEFR add to the progress. The results of comparison between

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Vorontsova, Marina, and Evgeniya Klyukina. "The Influence of Transformations in the Modern Labour Market on Foreign Language Courses at Universities." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.028.

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The topicality of the study is determined by the discord between the foreign language teaching standards in Russian universities and undergraduate and graduate students’ requirements oriented towards the modern labour market. Having obtained a specialty, university graduates may work in different fields or change their job profile altogether; the borders of professions and professional standards are undergoing changes as well. The aim of the study is to show the necessity to transform foreign language teaching standards at the university level in accordance with the recent and ongoing changes

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Macagno, S., M. Santarelli, and A. Porporato. "Simulation of a PV-Micro-Hydro-Hydrogen System Feeding the Energy Requests of a Residential Building in a Remote Area of the Alps: Part I — Simulation of Micro-Hydro Power Primary Input." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33204.

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The purpose of the work is a simulation model (in the Matlab environment) of a hypothetical stand-alone energy system in design conditions. This system is based just on renewable sources (solar and micro-hydroelectric energy) integrated with a hydrogen energy system (electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, PEM (proton exchange membran fuel cell). It could supply the whole electric and part of the heat requests of a small residence situated in a remote mountainous area (e.g. an isolated village in the Italian Alps) during a complete year of operation. The work is made up of two. The subject of this fir

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Martinez, Oscar, Abiodun Adeniyi, Paul Nogradi, Bradley Loftin, Coleen E. Martinez, and Blake Van Hoy. "Regulatory Testing and Posttest Analysis of the DPP-3 Type B Shipping Container for NCT and HAC Tests." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62434.

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Abstract Safe transportation of radioactive material using appropriately designed, certified packages ensures protection of the public and environment using rigorous system packaging requirements. This protocol was conducted to determine the effects of drop testing on a Type B shipping package (DPP-3) performance per normal and hypothetical accident conditions tests. Preparation, testing, and post-test evaluations of a Type B shipping package tested to 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 71.71 and 71.73 requirements are presented. Six packages were subjected to free drop, puncture, and therma

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Moreira, Letícia Karolina, Marcelo Romero, and Manassés Ribeiro. "Image Super Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Networks and non-Paired Strategy." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2021-138.

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The quality of images obtained from video surveillance systems is a decisive aspect when performing investigations at the Forensic Science. Features such as scars, tattoos, and skin marks are great examples of details that allow to consolidate an investigation at certain scenarios in which there is the necessity to identify individuals captured in a video or image footage. However, the low quality of images could affect the results of the investigations. In this sense, this work proposes the study of a computational model to address the problem of increasing the resolution of Low-Resolution (L

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Reports on the topic "Hypothetic necessity"

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Argimón, Isabel, and Irene Roibás. Debt overhang, credit demand and financial conditions. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29530.

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The empirical literature on the debt overhang hypothesis has estimated the relationship between investment and leverage at the firm level, which does not allow to disentangle between a firm’s decision not to invest as it is highly indebted and its ability to obtain the necessary resources. Using annual Spanish credit data from the Central Credit Register and non-financial corporations’ annual accounts from the lntegrated Central Balance Sheet Data Office Survey for the period 2004-2019, we study the impact of corporate debt on non-financial firms’ demand for bank loans, as a proxy for their wi

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Esquivel, Maricarmen, Tsuneki Hori, Sergio Lacambra Ayuso, et al. Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management (iGOPP): Application Protocol. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010634.

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The protocol describes in detail the necessary steps for the measurement of indicators, including the information to be compiled, the assessment process, recommendations and examples based on the application conducted, as well as on the experiences of other countries in the Region. Additionally, the protocol contains some hypothetical examples with situations that could be found in the countries and suggestions on options to collect information in different contexts. Also, in order to adapt its methodology and indicator assessment process, this protocol is sensitive to those legal/constitution

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Rodríguez, Francisco. Cleaning Up the Kitchen Sink: On the Consequences of the Linearity Assumption for Cross-Country Growth Empirics. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011322.

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Existing work in growth empirics either assumes linearity of the growth function or attempts to capture non-linearities by the addition of a small number of quadratic or multiplicative interaction terms. Under a more generalized failure of linearity or if the functional form taken by the non-linearity is not known ex ante, such an approach is inadequate and will lead to biased and inconsistent OLS and instrumental variables estimators. This paper uses non-parametric and semiparametric methods of estimation to evaluate the relevance of strong non-linearities in commonly used growth data sets. O

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Berlin, Noémie, Jan Dul, Marco Gazel, Louis Lévy-Garboua, and Todd Lubart. Creative Cognition as a Bandit Problem. CIRANO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/anre7929.

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This paper characterizes creative cognition as a multi-armed bandit problem involving a trade-off between exploration and exploitation in sequential decisions from experience taking place in novel uncertain environments. Creative cognition implements an efficient learning process in this kind of dynamic decision. Special emphasis is put on the optimal sequencing of divergent and convergent behavior by showing that divergence must be inhibited at one point to converge toward creative behavior so that excessive divergence is counterproductive. We test this hypothesis in two behavioral experiment

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Bando, Rosangela. Guidelines for Impact Evaluation in Education Using Experimental Design. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009133.

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There has been extensive research and investment in strategies that aim to improve the quality of education around the world. But despite rigorous evidence, the question of what to do in a specific context usually remains only partially answered at best. As a result, numerous impact evaluations are being conducted with the goal of learning what works. The goal of the guidelines presented here is to summarize the evidence and provide references in a single document in order to save time for those implementing education impact evaluations through randomized control trials. The guidelines focus o

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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In bo

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Prusky, Dov, and Jeffrey Rollins. Modulation of pathogenicity of postharvest pathogens by environmental pH. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587237.bard.

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Until recently, environmental pH was not considered a factor in determining pathogen compatibility. Our hypothesis was that the environmental pH at the infection site, which is dynamically controlled by activities of both the host and the pathogen, regulates the expression of genes necessary for disease development in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This form of regulation ensures that genes are expressed at optimal conditions for their encoded activities.Pectate lyase encoded by pelB, has been demonstrated to play a key role in virulence of C. gloeosporioides in a

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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Daniel Segal. Isolation, Purification and Sequence Determination of Pheromonotropic-Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695850.bard.

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Moths constitute a major group of pest insects in agriculture. Pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates, which is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Our working hypothesis was that, since the emission of sex-pheromone is necessary to attract a mate, then failure to produce and emit pheromone is a potential strategy for manipulating adult moth behavior. The project aimed at identifying, characterising and determining the sequence of specific receptors responsible for the interaction w

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Meiri, Noam, Michael D. Denbow, and Cynthia J. Denbow. Epigenetic Adaptation: The Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Plasticity that Determine Stress-Response Set Point. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593396.bard.

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Our hypothesis was that postnatal stress exposure or sensory input alters brain activity, which induces acetylation and/or methylation on lysine residues of histone 3 and alters methylation levels in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, ultimately resulting in long-lasting changes in the stress-response set point. Therefore, the objectives of the proposal were: 1. To identify the levels of total histone 3 acetylation and different levels of methylation on lysine 9 and/or 14 during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 2. To evaluate the methylation and acetylation levels of histone

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Evans, Donald L., Avigdor Eldar, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, and Herve Bercovier. Streptococcus Iniae Infection in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Towards the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586538.bard.

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The objectives of the BARD proposal were to determine the mechanisms of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) that are necessary to provide heightened innate resistance to infection and to identify the antigenic determinants in Streptococcus iniae that are best suited for vaccine development. Our central hypothesis was that anti-bacterial immunity in trout and tilapia can only be acquired by combining "innate" NCC responses with antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens. These Objectives were accomplished by experiments delineated by the following Specific Aims: Specific aim (SA) #1 (USA) "Clo

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