Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hypoxique'
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Orset, Cyrille. "Effet d'une hypoxie hypoxique modérée sur la neurotransmission dopaminergique striatale." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10021.
Full textPelletier, Joffrey. "AMPK, signalisation hypoxique et métabolisme tumoral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://theses.unice.fr/2014NICE4046.
Full textCells of solid tumors are often exposed to an environment deficient in oxygen, i.e. hypoxic. The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is the major transcription factor involved in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 regulates a wide array of genes involved in angiogenesis, cellular metabolism or pH regulation. My thesis is organized into three axes around HIF-1 and metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia. I first studied Factor-Inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH), one of two oxygen sensors regulating HIF-1. We showed that FIH is essential for tumor development through inhibition of the HIF-1 transcriptional activity as well as through the suppression of the p53-p21 axis. I then studied the HIF-1-induced « shift » in cellular metabolism toward glycolysis, which generates a type of “glucose addiction”. We showed that paradoxically, tumor cells store glycogen in hypoxia through a HIF-1 dependant mechanism. Glycogen served as a reservoir of intracellular glucose, which allows hypoxic cells to survive periods of glucose starvation. Finally, I studied AMPK «the guardian of energy », and showed that surprisingly, this kinase is not necessary in maintaining a viable level of ATP when glycolysis is inhibited (by blockade of lactate export). However, as expected, AMPK protected cells during glucose starvation. Moreover, combined inhibition of the lactate transporter MCT4 and of AMPK reduced dramatically tumor development in a xenograft model, suggesting a crucial role for these two actors in the context of growth of tumor cells in a hostile environment. Taken together these results identified several potential drug targets involved in the metabolic plasticity of hypoxic cells
Pelletier, Joffrey. "AMPK, signalisation hypoxique et métabolisme tumoral." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067130.
Full textChacaroun, Samarmar. "Stratégies thérapeutiques par conditionnement hypoxique : modalités pratiques et effets sur la santé cardio-respiratoire et métabolique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS020/document.
Full textHypoxia refers to a decrease in the oxygen bioavailability at the tissue level. The combination of intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia is identified in several respiratory diseases as a critical pathophysiological element. However, research suggests that exposure to hypo- or normocapnic hypoxia can improve cardiovascular health. The combination of hypoxic exposure and exercise training has been used by athletes to improve aerobic exercise performance. Recent pilot studies in patients with chronic diseases indicate that exposure to moderate hypoxia at rest or during exercise is likely to induce significant gains in cardiovascular health, body composition and metabolic status.We investigated the effects of normobaric hypoxic exposure on cardiorespiratory and tissue function in healthy subjects, overweight or obese subjects at risk or with cardio-metabolic abnormalities. We assessed the efficacy of 2 types of passive hypoxic conditioning consisting in sustained hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia and hypoxic exercise training in comparison with normoxic condition. First, we assessed the effects of short-term hypoxic exposure at rest in 14 healthy subjects. Then, we evaluated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of a 8-week normobaric hypoxic conditioning program at rest (intermittent or sustained hypoxia) in 35 overweight or obese patients, compared to placebo normoxic exposure. Next, we conducted a preliminary study in 24 healthy subjects to assess the acute responses to submaximal constant-load and high intensity interval cycling exercise performed in normoxia and in hypoxia. The last study aimed to compare the effect of an 8-week exercise training program performed either in normoxia or hypoxia on maximal aerobic capacity in overweight or obese subjects.In the healthy subject, we emphasized the rapid benefits of intermittent hypoxic conditioning on cardiovascular function (lower baseline systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate variability) and the modulation of tissue deoxygenation in response to hypoxia. We have also shown in healthy subjects that acute exercise (combined with hypoxia causes a similar decrease in muscle oxygenation but a greater prefrontal cortex deoxygenation compared to normoxic condition. Then, in the overweight or obese subject, we have shown that chronic passive hypoxic conditioning induces a decrease in diastolic blood pressure at rest in normoxia, an increase in the hypoxic ventilatory response and a decrease in heart rate variability after intermittent hypoxic conditioning only. In addition, chronic active (exercise training) hypoxic conditioning improves the maximal aerobic capacity compared to placebo normoxic training.Our results show the feasibility of several hypoxic conditioning strategies and their interesting effects on the vascular function in overweight/obese subjects presenting exercise limitations impeding exercise reconditioning. In addition, active hypoxic conditioning showed a greater effect on physical fitness than normoxic exercise training. These hypoxic conditioning strategies must be further optimized to improve their efficacy regarding weight loss and cardiometabolic morbidity in obese. They also represent promising therapeutic opportunities for other chronic diseases
Duplan, Eric. "Propriétés et régulation des prolyl-4-hydroxylases impliquées dans l'adaptation hypoxique des cellules." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4032.
Full textLes prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD) sont des capteurs d'oxygène qui mesurent les variations de la pression partielle en oxygène dans les cellules. En normoxie elles hydroxylent deux prolines du domaine ODD du facteur transcription hypoxique HIF-1Les prolineshydroxylées fixent la protéine von Hippel Lindau (VHL) et cible HIF-1 vers le protéasome. En hypoxie, les PHD sont inactives : HIF-1 s'accumule, s'associe à HIF-1et induit la transcription des gènes impliqués dans l'adaptation hypoxique. Cette thèse est une contribution à l'analyse des propriétés biochimiques et pharmacologiques des PHD. Nous avons montré que : In vitro : la cyclosporine A, en activant les PHD, inhibe la stabilisation hypoxique de HIF-1, Par ce mécanisme elle réduit la tolérance hypoxique ; l'hypoxie induit l'expression de PHD ; la réoxygénation stimule l'activité des PHD et induit une dégradation rapide de HIF-1. Ce rétrocontrôle négatif de HIF-1 limite les effets de l'hypoxie In vivo chez la drosophile ; la proline 850 du domaine ODD de Similar (l'homologue de HIF-1) est la cible de la PHD ; son hydroxylation permet la fixation de VHL ; la voie de signalisation hypoxique, conservée dans les trachées, présente une spécificité tissulaire. Les PHD jouent un rôle clef dans la stabilisation hypoxique de protéines à domaine ODD et dans l'adaptation hypoxique des cellules. Ce sont des cibles pharmacologiques et thérapeutiques potentielles pour le traitement des pathologies ischémiques
Legendre, Claire. "Adaptation cellulaire et moléculaire des cellules d'hépatome humain HepaRG à un environnement hypoxique." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S055.
Full textReduced oxygen level, or hypoxia, is frequently encountered in solid tumours and contributes to drug resistance. Hypoxia is also associated with invasive phenotype and correlated to poor prognosis and mortality. The role of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma biology is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a need for developing in vitro models mimicking hypoxic conditions find within solid tumours using hepatic tumour cells. Highly differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells respond to hypoxia by a switch from aerobic to anaerobic glycolysis. Moreover, we showed that hypoxia also repressed drug-metabolizing enzymes expression. These repressions could therefore strongly compromise chemotherapy effectiveness on tumour cells within hypoxic environment. Furthermore, HepaRG cells cultured under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions might represent a new strategy to test different types of therapeutic molecules in order to predict their effectiveness
Grandmont, Sébastien. "Étude de l'implication de la régulation hypoxique de la furine dans la progression tumorale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3877.
Full textNouette-Gaulain, Karine. "Effets de la bupivacaïne sur le métabolisme énergétique du cœur de rat hypoxique chronique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23068.
Full textGrandmont, Sébastien. "Étude de l'implication de la régulation hypoxique de la furine dans la progression tumorale." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textCarminati, Alain. "Agents alkylants mixtes susceptibles de présenter une potentialisation de leur activité en milieu hypoxique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612429w.
Full textBallot, Orlane. "L’érythropoïétine cérébrale: une nouvelle molécule contre la dépression hypoxique chez le nouveau-né et l’adulte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26712.
Full textThe erythropoietin (Epo) acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to reduce respiratory depression. However, we do not know whether the presence of endogenous Epo in the CNS acts as a respiratory stimulant sex-specific in newbons and adults, in hypoxia and in hypercapnia. Old mice 9 days and 3 months receive intracisternal injection of the antagonist Epo (sEpoR) or a control. 24 hours after we record the metabolic and ventilatory parameters by plethysmography with a period in normoxie, different cycles of hypoxia and in hypercapnia. According to our results, sEpoR produce a respiratory depression in normoxie and in hypoxia, due to a decrease in the respiratory frequency in the female and tidal volume in the male all both ages. In normoxia, sex-specific difference is noticed in two ages, but in hypoxia, only adults. However, this effect is not present in hypercapnia. Endogenous Epo is an important respiratory stimulant in hypoxia.
Ghedira-Hellara, Donia. "Synthèse de prodrogues bispécifiques du chondrosarcome, vectorisées vers les protéoglycanes et activables en milieu hypoxique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC087/document.
Full textDue to an abundant chondrogenic, poorly vascularized and particularly hypoxic extracellular matrix, chondrosarcoma, a malignant cartilaginous tumour, is chemo- and radio-resistant. A dual targeted therapy leveraging specific chondrosarcoma hallmarks, an extensive cartilaginous extracellular matrix, namely the high negative fixed charge density and severe chronic hypoxia,was investigatedby conjugation of a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) to quaternary ammonium (QA) functions. Based on preclinical results, animidazole prodrug, ICF05016, was identified and provided the basis for a lead optimization study.This project was designed to identify structure-activity relationships in a series of QA-targeted phosphorodiamidate mustard conjugates. In a first part, a series of 27 conjugates, with different QA function and length of the alkyl linker, was synthesizedvia a common multi-step sequence involvingphosphorylation of a key 2-nitroimidazole alcohol intermediate. Then, biomolecular interactions between these QA derivatives and aggrecan were assessed using thesurface plasmon resonance technology. This screeningrevealed that the affinity depends more on the natureof the QA function, rather than on the linker length. The most promising results were obtainedwith QA bearing a benzyle group. Twelves compounds were then evaluated in terms of hypoxia selective cytotoxicityonthe HEMC-SS cell line. For all prodrugs, an overall improvement in hypoxic selectivity compared with the ICF05016 was obtained and the positive impact of thebenzyle QA function was again highlighted. With a dissociation constant of 2.10 µM in the SPR experiment and an attractive hypoxic selectivity, compound 31fwas further selected for a stability and reductive activation study. Activation of the prodrug and phosphoramide mustard release under reductive chemical conditions, and nitroreductase-based activation were demonstrated. From this study, compound 31f emerged as the most effective PG-targeted HAPs. In a second part, the nature of the halogen and the position of the alkylating arms carried by the phosphorodiamidic mustard were modified. Given the high instability of the final compounds of the brominated series, compared to the chlorinated series, brominated analogs of the compounds ICF05016 and 31fcould not be obtained with sufficient purity to be evaluated in vitro.For ifosfamide-like isomers, the design of the prodrugs was modified due to the instability of the phosphoramidic precursors or difficulties of introducing a secondary amine function on a phosphoryl chloride previously functionalized.A click chemistry approach was developed to tether the spacer arm carrying the tertiary amine function independently of the phosphorylation step and could be extended to the synthesis of triazoleanalogues of the new lead 31f
Nguyen, Quynh Chi. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de prodrogues de série acronycine activables en milieu hypoxique tumoral." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P606.
Full textIn order to improve the activity and the specificity of anticancer agents derived from acronycine, we developed an approach for the synthesis of hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Two series of acronycine derivatives, which differed by mesomeric effect of the substituant at C6, have been synthesized. The heads of two series namely 6-amino and 6-nitro-6-demethoxyacronycine have been obtained in a dozen successive steps using 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as starting material. The cytotoxicity of synthesized derivatives has been evaluated in vitro against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SiHa), both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Diacetate derivatives were highly active even though the cis derivative revealed a selective activity against hypoxic cancer cells with normoxic/hypoxic ratio of 4. Interestingly, our study also highlighted a remarkable selectivity for the 6-chloro-6-demethoxyacronycine (about 18 fold), an intermediate product, against SiHa cancer cells in hypoxic conditions
Berchem, Guy. "Rôle du stress hypoxique dans la régulation de la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale des lymphocytes "Natural Killer"." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T105/document.
Full textThe tumor microenvironment, including hypoxic stress plays an immunosuppressive role in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance. Recent studies have shown that the exchange of microvesicles (MVs) between tumor cells and cells of the immune system could be responsible for the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this context, we investigated the effect of MVs derived from hypoxic tumor cells on the cytotoxicity of Natural Killer (NK) cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that NK cells are able to internalize MVs derived from both normoxic and hypoxic tumor cells. However, only hypoxic MVs are able to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Thus, we revealed that MVs derived from hypoxic tumor cells sequester two immunomodulators, TGF- and miR-23a. We have shown that the transfer of TGF- and miR-23a to NK cells was responsible for the respective reduction of the expression of NKG2D activating receptor on their surface and lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1 / CD107a) involved in degranulation of cytotoxic granules.In the second part of this thesis we have shown that tumor cells subjected to hypoxic stress were able to outmaneuver a functional immune system and thus escape NK-mediated immune surveillance. Indeed, our results clearly demonstrated that the resistance of hypoxic tumor cells to NK-mediated lysis was not related to the impairment of recognition by NK cells, but rather to the activation of an intrinsic resistance mechanism in tumor cells. We showed that the resistance mechanism involves the activation of the autophagy which operates in the tumor cells to degrade the granzyme B, a serine protease secreted by NK cells and internalized by target tumor cells to induce cell death. Cell imaging experiments combined to biochemical approaches have confirmed that the level of granzyme B in hypoxic tumor cells was significantly higher compared to normoxic tumor cells. The analysis of the subcellular distribution of granzyme B reveals that it is predominantly present in the endosomes and autophagosomes of hypoxic tumor cells. These results strongly suggest that granzyme B is subjected to be degraded by autophagy in hypoxic tumor cells. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy in hypoxic tumor cells was sufficient to block the degradation of granzyme B and thus restore the sensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells to NK-mediated lysis. Our results clearly demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy could improve NK-mediated antitumor immune response. We validated this concept in vivo using two syngeneic mice model of breast cancer and melanoma.Taken together, our work clearly shows that hypoxic stress, which is a major feature of the tumor microenvironment, can promote the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by several mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Thus, hypoxic stress changes the characteristics of tumor cells and activates the mechanisms of resistance to immune surveillance. In addition, tumor cells can educate and export their hypoxic phenotype to the immune cells in the microenvironment in order to impair their cytotoxicity. Our findings pave the way for the development of new clinical applications in cancer immunotherapy based on the reactivation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and simultaneous inhibition of autophagy
Fabbri, Lucilla. "Rôle de la forme hypoxique VDAC1, VDAC1-∆C, dans l’expression du cil primaire et la progression tumorale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6033.
Full textVoltage-dependent anion channel1 (VDAC1) is a porin of the mitochondrial outer membrane that plays a very important role in the regulation of cellular metabolism and apoptosis. As a consequence of hypoxia (i.e. decrease of oxygen availability), a new form of VDAC1, VDAC1-∆C, is produced from a microfusion between abnormally enlarged mitochondria and endolysosomes. Through this mechanism, the endolysosomal asparagine endopeptidase Legumain (LGMN) mediates the cleavage of VDAC1 at specific sites. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer characterized by loss or mutation of VHL tumor suppressor gene, occurring in both sporadic and hereditary ccRCCs. VHL inactivation is responsible for the normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) and thus a dysregulation of the hypoxic pathway. Moreover, ccRCC is usually characterized by loss of the primary cilium (PC) a non-motile sensory organelle of cell surface, making this cancer a model of ciliopathy. The primary cilium serves a number of key functions, among which cell signalization and cell cycle regulation are of special interest in tumorigenesis. In vitro, we demonstrated the presence of VDAC1-∆C in RCC4 cells, stabilizing both HIF1-α and HIF2-α. VDAC1-∆C was not detected in RCC4 cells re-expressing the wt pVHL (RCC4+pVHL), without HIFs stabilization. The absence of VDAC1-∆C in these cells was correlated with a low expression of LGMN and with the increase of the number of ciliated cells compared to RCC4 cell line. The silencing of VDAC1 or of LGMN in RCC4 cells abolished the presence of VDAC1-∆C and significantly increased both the number of ciliated cells and their invasive potential. In parallel, we demonstrated that a restrict group of patients, in a cohort of 19 ccRCC patients, were characterized by the absence of VDAC1-∆C, low expression of LGMN and an increase in ciliated cells.We found a gene signature based on GLI and IFT20 genes, which are markers of PC activity and formation respectively, whose overexpression (GLI1+/IFT20+) reflected the increase of PC expression. This classification, based on VDAC1, LGMN and the genes GLI1 and IFT20, was reinforced from the study of a TCGA cohort of 375 non-metastatic ccRCC. 48 patients (GLI1+/IFT20+)/375, about 12% of patients, had a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival and disease free survival. We found that an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature and maintenance of glycolytic metabolism were at the basis of the increase in tumor aggressiveness. Moreover, we found that patients with i) an increased expression of PC, ii) the absence of VDAC1-∆C and iii) a GLI1+/IFT20+ signature were more resistant to sunitinib, the current standard of care treatment for metastatic ccRCC, and we confirmed the same results in vitro, in ccRCC cell lines. However, since the immunophenoscore was in favor to GLI1+/IFT20+ group of patients, immunotherapy could be a particularly beneficial treatment. To understand the VDAC1-∆C -dependent restraint of PC expression, RAS-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cell lines knockout for VDAC1 (Vdac1-/-) expressing i) human VDAC1 wt (VDAC1+/+), ii) a non- cleavable form of VDAC1 (VDAC1Mut) and iii) only the truncated form of VDAC1 (VDAC1-STOP) have been engineered. We first determined that VDAC1-∆C is involved in the increase of glycolysis and respiration and that VDAC1-∆C confers the capability to metabolize more metabolites. We also demonstrated that VDAC1-∆C inhibits PC formation, thus participating to the ciliopathic phenotype of tumors. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of VDAC1-∆C can also occur in normoxia upon silencing of the iron-sulfur biosynthetic machinery in mitochondria or with impaired iron homeostasis, attributing a new role to VDAC1 in the context of iron deprivation.Thus, my research demonstrated a new function of VDAC1 and, in particular, of VDAC1-∆C in both hypoxic and normoxic contexts
Mimouna, Sanda. "E. coli adhérentes et invasives et pathogénèse de la maladie de Crohn : rôle du facteur hypoxique HIF-1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4085.
Full textNon communiqué
Mimouna, Sanda. "E. coli adhérentes et invasives et pathogénèse de la maladie de Crohn : rôle du facteur hypoxique HIF-1." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949653.
Full textFahy, Lucine. "Etude des conséquences d’un environnement hypoxique sur le développement et la chimiorésistance des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T (LAL-T)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/FAHY_Lucine_2_complete_20190627.pdf.
Full textBackground: T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignant hematological disorder characterized by an increased proliferation of T lymphocyte precursors that are unable to complete their maturation. Treatments are effective in 90% of children T-ALL cases. However, children with relapse have a very poor prognosis. Resistance to chemotherapy is thus a major therapeutic challenge in the treatment of T-ALL that can be driven by interactions between leukemic cells and the microenvironment. Bone marrow microenvironment, a crucial site of propagation and maintenance of leukemia, is hypoxic with oxygen levels varying from 0.1 to 5%. As hypoxic solid tumors are more resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the aims of the study were to investigate to which extent oxygen levels impact on leukemia development and chemoresistance and to characterize the implicated molecular mechanisms. Methods: Mouse models and patients derived samples of T-ALL were cultured in low (1% and 3.5%) and high (21%) oxygen levels. Growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, metabolism and chemoresistance were measured as well as in vivo leukemia propagation using immune deficient mice as ways to define the impact of oxygen levels on T-ALL.Results: Results show that hypoxia inhibits the growth of T-ALL by slowing down cell cycle progression and decreasing metabolism, making them less sensitive to anti-leukemic drugs and preserving their ability to initiate leukemia in vivo after treatment. Knocking down (KD) HIF1α counteracted the effects observed in hypoxic T-ALL and restored their chemosensitivity. Interestingly activation of mTOR was diminished in hypoxic leukemic cells and HIF-1α KD restored mTOR activation in these low O2 conditions. Moreover, inhibiting mTOR in HIF1aKD T-ALL enhanced their chemoresistance, indicating a functional relationship between these two pathways.Conclusion: This work shows that hypoxic niches can play a protective role during the treatment of T-ALL through a HIF1α/mTOR molecular loop. Inhibition of HIF1α and/or activation of the mTOR pathway may help suppress the chemoresistance of T-ALL in hypoxic niches
Lolmède, Karine. "Influence d'un environnement hypoxique sur le développement du tissu adipeux : régulation des activités métaboliques et sécrétoires des précurseurs adipocytaires." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30088.
Full textCazes, Aurélie. "Interaction de l'Angiopoietin-like 4 avec le microenvironnement et modulation des comportements cellulaires en contexte hypoxique tumoral et vasculaire." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066128.
Full textMedja, Fadia. "Neuroprotection du cerveau en développement contre la toxicité glutamatergique : rôle du thiorphan, de la nicotine et du préconditionnement hypoxique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077008.
Full textPerinatal brain injuries are the cause of neurological disability in the premature or term infant. The major brain lesions associated with cerebral palsy are often found in the white matter in preterm infants while they are mostly localized in the cortico-subcortical regions in term neonates. The origin of these lesions is multifactorial and involves glutamate excitotoxicity. Using a mouse model of neonatal brain injury, based on the injection of ibotenate, a glutamate analog, we investigated the efficiency of two complementary strategies, one aimed at modulating endogenous factors and the other at evaluating the influence of exogenous agents to identify new targets in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. We showed that thiorphan, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, injected up to 12 hours after the insult, decreased the size of the cortical lesions. This protection is mediated by substance P and, to a lesser extent, neurokinin A, two members of the tachykinin family. We investigated the neuroprotective properties of nicotine in neonates and evaluated the respective contributions of two dominant isoforms of acetylcholine receptor, namely, α4ß2 and al. Our results suggest that only the α4ß2 isoform seems to be responsible for nicotinic protection. Finally, hypoxic preconditioning protects the white matter and cortex from further excitotoxic injury. VEGF plays a key role in this process by acting through Flk1/VEGFR2 receptor. In summary, we have shown that the modulation of nicotinic, cholinergic, and tachykinergic Systems, as well as increased levels of VEGF in the brain, have neuroprotective effects against neonatal brain injuries
Pech, Georges. "Effet therapeutique de la cdp-choline vis-a-vis de la souffrance hypoxique du cardiomyocyte : experimentation et implications therapeutiques." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3001.
Full textPournaras, Jean-Antoine. "Occlusion veineuse expérimentale : modifications de l'oxygénation de la rétine hypoxique par l'hyperoxie, le carbogène et des inhibiteurs de l'anhydrase carbonique /." Genève : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000251265.
Full textArsenault, Dominique. "Rôle du microenvironnement hypoxique dans la formation des métastases : impact de la relocalisation intracellulaire de la furine dans l'invasion cellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6221.
Full textPez, Floriane. "Implication de la lysyl oxydase dans la réponse hypoxique et dans la progression tumorale des cellules de carcinome colorectal humain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10141.
Full textThe microenvironment of solid tumors is exposed to hypoxic conditions which lead to the activation of Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1 (HIF1). HIF1, composed by a heterodimer of HIF1a and HIF1b protein, is a key transcription factor involved in cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen level, inducing the expression of several transcriptional targets such as Lysyl Oxidase (LOX). LOX is an amine oxidase that catalyzes crosslinking of fibrillar collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, LOX is implied in tumor progression. To clarify, the link between LOX and HIF1a, their expression were modulated in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. We pointed out that besides HIF1‐dependant regulation of LOX, LOX can also act on the HIF1 pathway under hypoxic conditions. Indeed, LOX enzymatic activity upregulates HIF1a protein synthesis, and this action is mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, these results emphasize the existence of a regulation loop between HIF‐1a and LOX, which represent two main actors of tumoral progression. Thus, we wanted to determine the implication of this amplification loop in tumor progression. Our results show that LOX enzymatic activity increase tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and this role is partially dependant of its partner HIF1a. Furthermore, we established that that LOX and HIF1a act in synergy to foster metastatic potential in colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Taken together, our results demonstrate a regulation loop between LOX and HIF1a with is critical for tumor progression and metastasis formation
Miot, Stéphanie. "Rôle du transporteur vésiculaire du glutamate de type 3 (VGLUT3) dans la réponse au stress hypoxique néonatal et la surdité DFNA25." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066011/document.
Full textBefore its release into synaptic cleft, glutamate is accumulated in presynaptic vesicles by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). There are 3 types of VGLUTs. VGLUT3 presents atypical functions and anatomical distribution. In the central nervous system, VGLUT3 is expressed in glutamatergic and non glutamatergic neurons, in which it performs the co-transmission and the vesicular synergy. Particularly, we can observe VGLUT3 in serotoninergic neurons of raphe. In the inner ear, VGLUT3 is the unique VGLUT described in the inner hair cells (IHCs). Serotonin plays a key role in the neonatal respiratory control. By exploring the respiration of VGLUT3 knock out mice pumps, we have demonstrated the role of VGLUT3 in the response to neonatal hypoxic stress. One VGLUT3 mutation has been described in a human deafness clinically very close to presbycusis, the DFNA25 deafness. By studying the auditory phenotype of mice expressing this VGLUT3 mutation, we have proved the implication of this mutation in the IHCs impairment at the origin of DFNA25 deafness. Biochemical analysis have helped us to consider an indirect role of VGLUT3 in the autophagic death. Beclin 1 and a possible interaction between VGLUT3 and the Cullin3 pathways could be implicated. All of our results allowed us to highlight a role of VGLUT3 in the adaptation to extreme conditions like neonatal development or aging process. They open new perspectives on the various functions of VGLUTs
Godet, Anne-Claire. "Régulation de la traduction des facteurs de croissance (lymph)angiogéniques et rôle de l'ARN non codant NEAT1 lors du stress hypoxique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30061.
Full textTranslation is a highly regulated step of gene expression. During cellular stress, global protein synthesis is blocked but translation of specific subsets of mRNAs is activated by alternative mechanisms. One of these mechanisms involves an RNA structure called IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Site), that enables the recruitment of the translational machinery in a 5' cap-independent manner. IRES activity is regulated by factors called ITAF (IRES trans-acting factor). Hypoxic stress occurs in different pathologies such as cardiac ischemia and cancer. In response to stress, the cell produces (lymph)angiogenic growth factors that stimulate blood and lymphatic vessel formation, allowing reperfusion of the injured area in ischemic heart, or stimulation of tumor growth and metastatic spread in cancer. My thesis project is focused on identification of ITAF-controlled translation of (lymph)angiogenic growth factor mRNAs during hypoxia. The first part of my thesis addresses translational regulation in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. A semi-global study showed that (lymph)angiogenic genes are mostly regulated at the translational level. Furthermore IRESs of mRNAs coding (lymph)angiogenic growth factors are activated in early hypoxia while IRESs of mRNAs non-related to (lymph)angiogenesis are activated later. Finally, we have identified a new ITAF, vasohibin (VASH1), that specifically activates the FGF1 IRES, but not the other IRES tested. A PCR array study indicates however that VASH1 is able to inhibit or stimulate translation of numerous mRNAs. Identification of a global mechanism of FGF and VEGF IRES activation is the main focus of the second chapter of my thesis. Considering that VASH1 is not a common ITAF, I searched for new candidates. I started from the observation that another ITAF previously identified in the laboratory, P54nrb, is also a component of the paraspeckle, a nuclear body formed during cellular stress. We make the hypothesis that other paraspeckle components could be ITAFs, particularly the backbone of the paraspeckle, the long non-coding RNA NEAT1. I established a correlation between NEAT1 induction in hypoxia and FGF1 IRES activation in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, NEAT1 depletion leads to inactivation of the FGF1 IRES, suggesting that NEAT1 is an ITAF. I also highlighted that another paraspeckle component, PSPC1, has an ITAF function. Analysis of IRESsome composition by mass spectrometry allowed me to identify three other candidates: hnRNPM, Rps2 and nucleolin. We then expanded the study to the other IRESs studied in chapter 1 and demonstrated that P54nrb and PSPC1 are able to activate several IRES whilst the non-coding RNA NEAT1 is a positive ITAF of all tested IRES. Thus NEAT1 seems to be the key of IRES activation, and confers on the paraspeckle the novel function of assembly platform for IRESsome formation in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia. In a third chapter, we investigated the same way in other cellular types, metastatic and non metastatic mammary carcinoma 4T1 and 67NR. NEAT1 is induced in correlation with FGF1 IRES activation when the cells are subjected to hypoxia, suggesting that the role of NEAT1 in translational control can be associated to tumoral hypoxia as well as to ischemia. Thus, this work reveal the unique potential of NEAT1 as a therapeutic target
Melin, Alexandre. "Incidences morphologiques et fonctionnelles cardiaques d'un entraînement conduit en environnement hypoxique et/ou pollué au monoxyde de carbone chez le rat." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2074.
Full textBopp, Claire. "Etude expérimentale évaluant l’effet de l’urapidil sur le tonus artériel et sa capacité à préserver la vasoconstriction hypoxique dans l’artère pulmonaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ098/document.
Full textUrapidil, a vasodilator, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension mostly due to better patient tolerance. Urapidil has a dual action: firstly it works as a selective alpha1- adrenoreceptor antagonist and secondly as an agonist of 5-HT1A receptors in the central nervous system. Thus, the present findings, while confirming that urapidil is a potent inhibitor of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-induced contraction targeting preferentially arteries with an endothelial dysfunction, do not support the role of 5-HT1A receptor activation in the control of the vascular tone in response to urapidil in the three types of blood vessels studied. In conclusion, this trial showed that in our experimental setting, urapidil preserved the hypoxia triggered vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary vessels. Conversely, both calcium channel inhibitors nicardipine and clevidipine blunted the vasocontrictor reaction to hypoxia. These findings may have important clinical consequences that deserve further evaluation
Joly, Luc-Marie. "Etude de la mort des cellules cérébrales et opportunité de neuroprotection dans un modèle d'encephalopathie néonatale hypoxique-ischemique chez le raton P7." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066169.
Full textOmbouma, Joanna. "Glycoinhibiteurs de l’anhydrase carbonique IX en serie glycals : synthèse, developpement methodologique et activite enzymatique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0004.
Full textThe carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous zinc enzymes. These enzymes catalyse the reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, releasing a proton in the process. The enzymes are thus key players in numerous physiological processes such as respiration, ion transport between tissues, homeostasis and pH regulation. In humans, sixteen different isoforms have been described and some of them are involved in diverses pathological conditions such as the CA IX and CA XII isoforms in cancer. Furthermore, from the two enzymes, CA IX is not only the most active isoform for the previously described reaction, but also the most widely expressed under hypoxia in hypoxic tumors (breast carcinoma, colon ...). Through its role in the acidification of the tumoral microenvironment, the CA IX is associated with metastases. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of its catalytic activity reduces not only the tumoral growth and proliferation, but also the resistance of these tumors to conventional cancer treatments. As part of a pharmacological approach, the known inhibitors are small molecules bearing a zinc binding function. In this manuscript, we described the synthesis of novel unsaturated glycoinhibitors through the development of a new synthetic methodology, the sulfamidoglycosylation based on the Ferrier rearrangement, and the development of a new zinc binding function, the hydroxylamine-O-sulfonamide which was then used for the synthesis of other unsaturated glycoinhibitors by sulfonamidoglycosylation. These compounds showed nanomolar inhibitory activities against the CA IX and CA XII
Artigaud, Sébastien. "Approche intégrative de la réponse d'un organisme marin face au changement climatique : la coquille Saint-Jacques Pecten maximus et les stress thermique et hypoxique." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0078/document.
Full textCoasts are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to the ongoing global changes, which result in increased water temperatures and frequencies of hypoxic episodes. The great scallop, Pecten maximus, is a subtidal species living at depths of 2-210 m. In spite of its commercial and major ecological values, only few studies at the molecular level were performed on this species. This thesis aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanisms implied in acclimation of this species to thermal and hypoxia stresses. We first characterized the changes of expression of the genes / proteins in response to a long-term thermal stress (56 days), by using both a transcriptomic- (RNAseq) and a proteomic- (2-DE based) approaches, in the mantle tissue of scallops. This allowed us to identify key regulatory pathways (eg., AP-1), the major functions (eg., cytoskeleton) and processes (eg., apoptosis) involved in the response, but also to observe the main orientations of metabolism (eg., degradation of lipid reserves). The response of organisms to hypoxia depends on how they cope with low oxygen availability. Therefore, we first carried out a comparative approach with an intertidal species, the mussel (Mytilus spp.) to characterize the physiological response of P. maximus to hypoxia. Of note, we could determine its oxyregulatory parameters, particularly its critical point in 02 (Pc02). Then, coupling the effects of temperature and of hypoxia, we developed a proteomic approach that allowed us to identify several proteins (CK2, GLN, etc.) potentially involved in the response at the molecular level. Finally, in an effort to better understand the particular physiology of these mollusks in their natural environment, we compared the proteomic signatures of two populations of P. maximus living in highly contrasted ecosystems, ie in the northern limit- (Norway) and the center- (Brest) of the biogeographical distribution of this species. The results suggest major differences between the two populations, especially at the cytoskeleton level. In all, this work opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the adaptation of mollusks to heat and hypoxia, two stresses that will most probably greatly influence the lifestyle of marine organisms and populations in future years
Morency, Catherine-Ève. "Effets de l'estradiol et de la progestérone sur le contrôle respiratoire en situation hypoxique chez le raton nouveau-né et impacts à long terme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23851/23851.pdf.
Full textCarrière, Vincent. "Effets de la pente de pressurisation et d'une respiration hypercapnique ou hypoxique sur la fermeture laryngée en aide inspiratoire nasale chez l'agneau nouveau-né." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6712.
Full textMartin, Nicolas. "Programmation foetale et plasticité cérébrale : conséquences d'une carence précoce en donneurs de méthyles chez le rat-impact à long terme d'un conditionnement hypoxique néonatal." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10091/document.
Full textThe alteration of homocysteine metabolism has been shown to constitute a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, whereas deleterious effects of severe neonatal hypoxia have been well documented, it was shown that a moderate episode of hypoxia can exert a neuroprotection with neurogenesis stimulation. Our main goal was to study the consequences on the brain of an early deficiency of methyl donors (folate, vitamin B12) with or without a hypoxia-related stimulation of neurogenesis. The effects of deficiency were investigated in rats born from dams fed a deficient diet until weaning. In vitro neuroprogenitors were additionally used for the study of cell mechanisms involved. Data showed alterations of tissue integrity in the hippocampus and the cerebellum, with associated behavioural deficits at various ages, despite a return to normal diet at weaning. Brain alterations were shown to be mainly related to epigenetic mechanisms and to homocysteinylation of specific neuronal proteins. Moreover, a sexual dimorphism was depicted, with the participation of ER alpha receptor. Neurogenesis induced in germinative zones by a brief neonatal hypoxia led to long term beneficial effects on brain aging in male rats, with preserved hippocampus integrity, in terms of cell density, synaptic plasticity, and related cognitive functions. Finally, the combination of deficiency and hypoxia revealed that brain conditioning by brief neonatal hypoxia was able to improve tissular and functional brain outcome in deficient rats. The key mechanisms involved would occur at critical periods during the maturation of the various brain structures, thus highlighting the role of fetal programming
Gerard, Yvain. "Synthèse de prodrogues bispécifiques activables en milieu hypoxique : application au traitement du chondrosarcome et nouvelles perspectives dans le cadre du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC092/document.
Full textChondrosarcoma (CHS), the malignant tumor of the cartilage, is a chemo- and radio-resistant cancer. Surgical resection is still considered the mainstay of treatment of this pathology. A dual targeted hypoxia-activated prodrug, ICF05016 was developed by the UMR 1240 and evaluated in preclinical studies as a potential therapeutic alternative for CHS. The latter is a nitroheteroaryl-based compound designed as follows: a phosphorodiamidic mustard functionalized with a quaternary ammonium (QA) used as targeting function, and a 2-nitroimidazole group to trigger fragmentation and then release the bis-alkylating mustard anion by bioreduction under hypoxic conditions, chemical hallmark of CHS.This project deals with the pharmacomodulation of ICF05016, more specifically by modification of the position of the targeting moiety as well as the nature of the cytotoxic agent. Seven QA-targeted prodrugs have been synthesized with N,N,N-trimethylpropylaminium tethered to the imidazole either in the C-4, or the N-1 position. These prodrugs were cleaved in vitro under chemical reductive conditions, which mimic in vivo hypoxia conditions. In addition, the binding of these derivatives to aggrecan was highlighted by surface plasmon resonance. In vitro assays on human CHS cells (H-EMC-SS) demonstrated quite equivalent cytotoxicities, whatever the oxygen conditions used and their evaluation as substrate of an oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase revealed the almost total lack of activation. A QA targeting moiety grafted on the trigger seems to alter hypoxia activation.New prodrugs with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand were synthesized to extend this HAP strategy to prostate cancer. The first tested compound, having a triazole spacer, presented selective affinity for PSMA in an in vitro binding experiment as well as activation under enzymatic reduction. However, no cytotoxicity was observed on LNCaP-Luc and PC3-Luc cells. The synthesis of a prodrug combining the spacer of PSMA-617, currently in clinical trial, and a propyltriazole moiety, was initiated but the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition still need to be optimized
Lallier, François. "Adaptation de la fonction de transport de l'oxygène par l'hémocyanine en milieu hypoxique : étude chez la Crevette P. japonicus et chez le Crabe C. maenas." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10585.
Full textLallier, François. "Adaptation de la fonction de transport de l'oxygène par l'hémocyanine en milieu hypoxique étude chez la crevette Penaeus japonicus et chez le crabe Carcinus maenas /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376148989.
Full textLoncaric, Darija. "Atténuation des oxydations phosphorylantes et induction d'une réponse cellulaire hypoxique : effêt de l'[alpha]-tocophérol-acétate et de miR-210 sur les cellules stromales mesenchymateuses." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0198.
Full textIn this thesis, we combined approaches of single-cell cultures, flow-cytometry, energetic metabolismanalysis and molecular genetics in order to get insight in the effects of α-Tocopherol-Acetate (α-TOA)on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MStroC) and their functional subpopulations (mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells). The other aim was to test a miR-210 molecule with respect to its potential use as hypoxia mimicking molecule. After defining MStroC population heterogeneity and concluding that the first passage population is convenient for further experiments, we demonstrated that α-TOA exhibits a positive effect on the maintenance of high proliferative capacity of mesenchymal stem cells. This effect could be associated with an attenuation of electron transport chain (ETC) activity, which, on the other hand could explain moderate increase in the level of mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (mtROS) we detected. The increase in mtROS level could be associated with a decreased HIF-1 alpha protein degradation in MStroC exposed to α-TOA. Although we did not detect a compensatory increase in glycolysis, the observed phenomena depict part of a complex cellular response to the low O2 that is demonstrated to be related with maintenance of stem cell primitiveness. The exact mechanism remains to be elucidated as well as its translational potential. In addition, we provided new evidences that miR-210 is integral part in MStroC response to low O2. In the study, we showed increased in miR-210 expression in a short-term (up to 24 hours) and after extended (up to 72 hours) MStroC exposed to low O2. Moreover, we demonstrated that this micro- RNA could be regulated by both HIF-1 and HIF-2 transcriptional factors, suggesting it as integral part of MStroC response to low O2. So far, our data suggest that miR-210 is worthy to be considered as good hypoxia mimicking molecule
Stenger, Christophe. "Caractérisation moléculaire des voies apoptotiques impliquées dans la réponse à un stress hypoxique, dans des lignées de neuroblastome humain, présentant ou non un gène TP53 muté." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/522a9679-403b-4bbc-83c5-1ec9ec1cbf94/blobholder:0/2007LIMO310G.pdf.
Full textNeuroblastoma, as many others solid tumor, develops hypoxia areas (lesser vascularization, more weakly oxygenated). In these hypoxia areas, cells are going to undergo a stress; some of them are able of surviving (through metabolism changes) and to become more resistant to the chemotherapy, whereas others induce a cell death. The current data indicate that the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway is recruited, but the involvement of p53 is not still explicit. To investigate its role we used a hypoxia-mimetic agent (cobalt chloride), to treat in vitro two cell lines of human neuroblastoma beings, having a status of p53 different. The SHSY5Y cells possess a wild type TP53 gene, whereas the SKNBE(2c) line carrying a mutated TP53 gene expressed a mutated-DNA-binding domain p53. After analysing CoCl2-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, we characterized p53, Bax-α and PUMA implication in SHSY5Y cell death. Early, p53 was phosphorylated at serine 15 and located onto mitochondria where it triggered a mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Later, when phosphorylated at threonine 81, p53 translocated in the nucleus, which correlated with PUMA accumulation. In SKNBE(2c) cells, Bax-α and PUMA seemed not to be implicated and p53 exhibited only a threonine 81 phosphorylation pattern. Thus, when p53 is mutated, others pathway might be recruited in order to permeabilize mitochondria and activate caspase-3. In order to study p53 function in CoCl2-induced cell death, we down-regulated p53 expression by RNAi. After transfection and CoCl2 treatments, we observed cell death without p53 expression. As expected, p53 targeted proteins, such as p21 and Bax, were not up-regulated. Nevertheless, a mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and a caspase-3 activation appeared earlier. Thus in transfected cells we showed that, CoCl2-induced cell death, was triggered by caspase-8 activation and tBid mitochondrial translocation, indicating recruitment of cell death receptor pathway regulators. Our results suggest that p53 is the central molecular actor of the apoptotic response in SHSY5Y following a hypoxia-like stress, but that its lack activates an alternative cell death pathway, which constitute potentially new insights in therapeutic approaches
Alves, Pires Claire. "Maladie d’Alzheimer et Syndrome d’Apnées du Sommeil : deux pathologies liées ? Etude des conséquences d’un stress hypoxique sur la cognition et la pathologie Tau dans le modèle murin transgénique THY-Tau22." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S035/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology constituting the first cause of dementia. At a cerebral level, two kinds of histopathological lesions are found in patients: amyloid deposits (extracellular aggregates of β-amyloid peptides: Aβ) and neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD). NFD consists in intraneuronal accumulation of paired helical filaments, mainly composed of aggregated and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins. Aging is the main risk factor for AD. However, numerous environmental and genetic risk factors have also been identified. Since several years, some clinical studies have shown that sleep disorders breathing, and especially the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) could be responsible of the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to AD. SAS could also be an aggravating factor for AD, with an increase of the cognitive decline seen in patients. In this context, many experimental studies have been interested in the consequences of an intermittent hypoxic stress on the amyloid pathology. More specifically, it has been shown that an intermittent hypoxic stress could potentiate Aβ synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, the impact of an intermittent hypoxic stress on Tau pathology remains poorly investigated. As clinical studies in AD patients with a SAS have shown an increase of the cognitive decline, and that it is well known that NFD is correlated with the cognitive impairment in AD patients, we were interested to study the Tau pathology under hypoxia.Our objectives in this thesis were to evaluate the consequences of a hypoxic stress on memory and Tau protein in animals. We used the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model, overexpressing a human mutated Tau protein and presenting a progressive Tau pathology correlated with a memory impairment observable in behavioural tasks. The animals were submitted to hypoxia at different stages of the Tau pathology: the younger animals showed a moderate Tau pathology whereas the olders presented a major Tau pathology. Two different protocols were used in this work. The first one consisted in repeated acute hypoxias (inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2): 8% for 1 hour, twice a week, for several months). The second one was a protocol of intermittent hypoxias (FiO2 comprised between 5% and 21%, 60 seconds cycles, 8 hours per day, for 2 weeks). We observed some unexpected results of hypoxic stress on memory and Tau pathology in our transgenic mice. More specifically, the THY-Tau22 mice exhibiting the stronger Tau pathology (the older animals) have shown an improvement of their memory after two weeks of intermittent hypoxia. This result goes against the clinical observations (aggravation of the cognitive decline of AD patients with a SAS), but is correlated in our model to a significant decrease of aggregated Tau protein in the hippocampi of our mice. We discuss here these results and their contribution to human pathology
Delannoy, Estelle. "Altérations de la vasomotricité pulmonaire dans un modèle murin d'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire d'origine hypoxique : exploration des voies du monoxyde d'azote (NO), des espèces réactives dérivées de l'oxygène (ERO) et des prostanoïdes." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21618.
Full textShahriari, Alireza. "Etude des relations sol-racine et des réponses de croissance et de développement du chêne pédoncule et du chêne sessile aux situations de stress hypoxique ou anoxique liées à l'hydromorphie temporaire." Besançon, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579496.
Full textBaginska, Joanna. "Study of the involvement of autophagy in the acquisition of tumor resistance to Natural Killer-mediated lysis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T088/document.
Full textNatural killer (NK) cells are effectors of the antitumor immunity, able to kill cancer cells through the release of the cytotoxic protease granzyme B. NK-based therapies have recently emerged as promising anticancer strategies. However, it is well established that hypoxic microenvironment interferes with the function of antitumor immune cells and constitutes a major obstacle for cancer immunotherapies. Recent studies demonstrated that autophagy is an important regulator of innate immune response in this microenvironment, but the mechanism by which autophagy regulates NK cell-mediated antitumor immune responses remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia impairs breast cancer cell susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis in vitro via the activation of autophagy. This impairment was not related to a defect in target cell recognition by NK cells but to the degradation of NK-derived granzyme B in autophagosomes of hypoxic cells. Inhibition of autophagy by targeting beclin1 (BECN1) restored granzyme B levels in hypoxic cells in vitro and induced tumor regression in vivo by facilitating NK-mediated tumor cell killing. Together, our data highlight autophagy as a mechanism underlying the resistance of hypoxic tumor cells to NK-mediated lysis and provides a cutting-edge advance in our understanding of the underlying mechanism. This study might pave the way for the formulation of more effective NK cell-based antitumor therapies
Ghazi, Nasser. "Aerotaxis and the collective spreading of social and asocial amoebae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10368.
Full textThis thesis investigates the mechanisms of aerotaxis—the directed movement in response to oxygen gradients—in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd) and the asocial amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac). Combining experimental observations with reaction-diffusion (RD) modeling, we explore how these organisms respond to hypoxia and how their collective behaviors emerge. Starting with Dd, we further develop the aerotactic flux using experimental data and integrate it into our RD model that successfully simulates the formation and propagation of cell rings observed in confined spot assays due to self-generated oxygen gradients. A systematic analysis of the RD model parameters reveals their respective influences on collective aerotactic spreading. Extending our investigation of aerotaxis to Ac, we find that increased cell density in Ac leads to decreased motility due to collision-induced effects, which we model using mean free path theory. In confinement assays, Ac cells also display collective aerotactic spreading driven by selfgenerated oxygen gradients ; at high densities, a dissipating band and leader cells emerge and at low densities, ballistic-like cells move away from the initial colony. By incorporating a densitydependent diffusion coefficient and aerotactic potential, obtained experimentally, into the RD model, we accurately simulate these observed behaviors
Brissaud, Olivier. "Souffrance hypoxique-ischémique périnatale. Evaluations neuroradiologique et immunohistochimique précoces sur le modèle animal d'Ischémie-Hypoxie de Vannucci-Rice. Etude de la valeur pronostique de l'IRM (incluant l'étude de la Fraction d'Anisotropie) et de la Spectroscopie par Résonance Magnétique, à l'âge de 6 mois, chez des enfants ayant présenté une asphyxie périnatale : etude BIGHIN." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21694/document.
Full textSevere neurological impairment or death in relation to perinatal asphyxia in developed countries concern 0.2 to 1.3/1000 live births. Clinical evaluation and conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) parameters are efficient to distinguish severe to minor Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), but it remains discussed regarding long term outcome for babies with moderate HIE. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) measures the diffusion of water in cerebral tissue and quantitative parameters such as Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) reflect the microstructure properties in local areas. We conducted in the same time a clinical and an experimental study. The aim of the clinical study was to evaluate MRI, MR Spectroscopy (MRS) and DTI parameters in asphyxiated full-term neonates. We showed that MRI (including conventional diffusion) and MRS represent interesting tools to evaluate the early neurological outcome in HIE neonates. DTI parameters in specific brain areas had strong correlations with early and at 6 months neurological outcome in babies with HIE. Studies are needed to evaluate the long-term prognostic value of DTI parameters in neonates with moderate injury. The aim of the experimental study was to evaluate the short-term effects of erythropoietin (Epo) on brain lesions (MR-Diffusion Imaging) and aquaporin-4 (immunohistochemistry) expression in a HI neonatal rat model. The potential protective effect of human recombinant Epo on a HI pup rat model was studied. We conclude that Epo has a short-term protective effect in HI pup rat model (reduction of stroke area; increase of ADC value in stroke area in treated rats), possibly through an early up-regulation of aquaporin-4 expression. One possible mechanism could be a better clearance of water excess from brain tissues to blood by aquaporin-4
Prohl, Jörn. "Hypoxie nach Herzstillstand." Berlin Pro Business, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2849387&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
Full textHourdez, Stéphane. "Adaptations respiratoires des annelides polychetes de milieux abyssaux hypoxiques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066215.
Full textBaudry, Nathalie. "Cytokines, hypoxie et microcirculation." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD06.
Full textLeroux, Lionel. "Nouvelles stratégies de thérapie cellulaire à visée pro-angiogénique : implication du système Wnt/Frizzled." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21763/document.
Full textSome of the challenges facing stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease are which type of stem cell or progenitor cell is the best candidate for therapy, how to survive in the low oxygen environment of ischemic myocardium. Here we studied the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as vascular progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo, and we studied the effects of sFRP-1/Wnt signaling modulation or hypoxia on MSC properties. First, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of MSC application on ischemic heart repair using an original surgical model (patch) to deliver stem cells. This study showed that the contribution of the MSCs in the mouse infarcted myocardium was beneficial either on the scar (increase in angiogenesis, in cell proliferation, reduction in ventricular remodeling) or on the trophicity of the patch.Then we characterized the angiogenic properties of MSC in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that MSCs could be recruited and formed vascular structures around endothelial tubes. We showed in vivo that the surexpression of sFRP-1 (regulating factor of the Wnt system) in MSCs increased their potential of pericyte-like cells correlated with an increased maturation of the vessels via an intracellular GSK-3 dependent pathway in MSCs. Our next objective was to investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on MSC before implantation for vascular and tissue regeneration in mice with hind limb ischemia. Our data suggest that hypoxic preconditioning has a critical role on MSC dynamic functions, shifting MSC location in situ to enhance ischemic tissue recovery, facilitating vascular cell mobilization and skeletal myoblast regeneration via a paracrine Wnt dependent mechanism