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1
Kadlag, R. B., P. P. Pawase, N. R. Gatkal, J. K. Khurdal, and S. M. Nalawade. "Hypsometric Analysis of Watershed using Geographical Information System." Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology 47, no. 02 (2022): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56228/jart.2022.47221.
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Hypsometry of drainage basins (area-elevation analysis) has generally been used to reveal the stages of geomorphic development (stabilized, mature and young). In the present study, Kanoli river watershed located in Nashik district of Maharashtra was considered as the study area. The watershed was delineated into seven sub-watersheds and hypsometric analysis was carried out for all of them using the digital contour map, which was generated using Arc/Info GIS. In analysis, a curve is derived by plotting the relative heights (h/H) and relative areas (a/A); the obtained curve is called as hypsometric curve. The area under the Hypsometric curve is the Hypsometric Integral (HI). The hypsometric integral values for all of the sub-watersheds of Kanoli river ranges between 0.45 and 0.88. It was observed from HI that the sub-watersheds WS2, WS4, WS6 are in the mature stage and moving toward the deteriorating stage. The sub-watershed WS3 yielded higher hypsometric integral value, explaining its late youthful stage which calls for suitable measures of soil and water conservation. Further, sub-watersheds WS1, WS5 and WS7 have got very high value of hypsometric integral which takes them to young stage i.e. very susceptible to erosion. Therefore, these sub-watersheds are more prone to subsequent erosion activities and needs immediately appropriate soil and water conservation measures
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Ahmad, I., Z. Ahmad, S. Munir, Obaid ur Rehman, S. R. Ali, and Y. Shabbir. "Characterization of Upper Indus Basin based on DEM Hypsometric Analysis." Nucleus 55, no. 1 (2018): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.71330/thenucleus.2018.315.
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Assessment of geomorphic stages of catchment areas within Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is carried out through analysis of hypsometry. Hypsometric curves were extracted for each sub-basin from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Parameters of the Hypsometric Integral (HI), statistical moments like skewness, kurtosis, density skewness and density kurtosis of the curves were also analyzed. Study concluded that UIB is comprised of sub-basins of differential characteristics i.e. young, moderate and well developed. There is a correlation of 0.76 between the basin size and the HI. None of the basins appear to be in Monadnock Stage. The topographic analyses of slope, aspect and percentage snow-cover and land cover classes also validate the high erosion potential of upper reaches of Indus basin.
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Akhmedova, L. Sh, and N. O. Guseynova. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE HYPSOMETRIC UNIFORMITY (NON-UNIFORMITY) FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE GEOSPHERE MODEL OF STABILITY OF GEOSYSTEMS IN DAGHESTAN." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 1 (2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-1-54-66.
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Aim. In order to introduce the geosphere sustainability model of geosystems in the territory of the Republic of Dagestan, we conducted a statistical analysis and interpretation using a hypsometric analysis of the territory based on a detailed study of the relief morphology using mathematical statistics and visualization methods.Methods. The morphological structure of the territory is determined using the method of planimetry at given intervals of heights according to a hypsometric map to a scale of 1: 1,000,000; morphometric analysis of the territory was carried out using a greater number of altitudinal gradations at predetermined border intervals above 500 m of height; hypsometric map was visualized using MapInfo Pro GIS.Results and discussion. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the main argument regarding which the energy indicators of the productivity and stability of geosystems are transformed is the relief in its hypsometric characteristics. The numerical values of the variance of the variability confirm the significant hypsometric non-uniformity of the territory. Comparing the obtained results, we conclude that the maximum uniformity (minimum of diversity) is achieved when the entire area belongs to one height gradation, therefore, , and the minimum uniformity (maximum of diversity) corresponds to the uniformity index 1 , that is, when the areas occupied by all gradations of heights are equal, the value is . From this it follows that the hypsometric diversity (non-uniformity) of the territory of Dagestan is close to the maximum value.Conclusion. The findings of the study were used to implement the previously proposed energy model and the stability of geosystems in the preparation of ecological certificate in a number of districts of Dagestan, since the obtained quantitative estimates of the territory hypsometry are necessary as background indicators for the energy projects being developed and stability limits of the geosystems of particular regions and the entire republic.
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Fuladi, A., and M. S. Deshmukh. "Hypsometric Analysis of WRC-1 Watershed, Chargarh River Basin, Central India: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach." Journal of Scientific Research 15, no. 3 (2023): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i3.64183.
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Hypsometric analysis is a valuable tool for determining the tectonic evolution of a river basin and the erosion susceptibility. It is also important for integrated watershed management, which include selecting suitable locations for groundwater recharge structures and for conservation of soil and water. This type of study can analyze the relationship between horizontal cross sectional area and the altitude of the watershed. It evaluates the hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, as generated for the WRC-1 watershed, Chargarh river basin through remote sensing and GIS technique. In the present case, hypsometric analysis was carried out using Survey of India topographic maps, Arc map-10.2 software and SRTM-DEM. The hypsometric integral is calculated using mean elevation minus minimum elevation, divided by relief. The hypsometric curve, with a value of 0.69 for the hypsometric integral clearly indicates an inequilibrium stage (youthful stage) of geomorphic development, which is highly susceptible to erosion. These interpretations can further utilize appropriate measures of soil and water conservation for long-term development within the WRC-1 watershed.
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Gultaf, Hikhmadhan. "Hypsometric Analysis and Tectonic Activity Evaluation in the Semangko Fault Zone: A Literature Review." Golden Ratio of Data in Summary 3, no. 1 (2023): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v3i1.765.
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This comprehensive review synthesizes and analyzes current literature on hypsometric analysis and its application in evaluating tectonic activity within the Semangko Fault Zone, a critical segment of the Sumatran Fault system. The study examines how hypsometric curves (HC) and hypsometric integrals (HI) serve as quantitative indicators of landscape evolution and tectonic deformation. By critically analyzing existing research, this review highlights the strong correlation between high HI values and areas of active tectonic uplift within the fault zone. The paper also explores the integration of hypsometric analysis with other geomorphic indices and its potential in seismic hazard assessment. Our findings underscore the significance of hypsometric analysis as a valuable tool in understanding the complex tectonic processes shaping the Semangko Fault Zone and its implications for regional seismic risk evaluation and land-use planning.
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Ketan, A. Salunke, and S. Wayal Abhaykumar. "Morphometric Analysis of Panjhara River Basin With Use of GIS for Development of Watershed Plan." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 12 (2023): 894–902. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i12.2202.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> Geomorphological changes that occur within a watershed have an influence on the availability and scarcity of water. As a consequence, a quantitative analysis of the watershed geometry is necessary to ascertain the impact of geomorphological processes on the catchment’s hydrology. <strong>Methods:</strong> Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS)- based strategies have gained in popularity recently because they help strategists and decision-makers make precise and effective decisions. The Panjhara River basin, tributary of Tapi River was selected for this study. The research demonstrates that, for improved planning and maintenance, GIS and RS data may be utilized to analyze and approximatively measure the duration and pace of erosional activities in a Panjhara River basin. The technique uses a 30-meter shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model (SRTMDEM) and Survey of India toposheet for efficient and quick extraction of morphometric data and hypsometric analysis. <strong>Findings:</strong> The linear, areal, and relief aspects of the Panjhara River catchment were subjected to the twentysix morphometric criteria. The Re, Rc, and Ff all imply an elongated basin form. According to statistical study, there is a strong correlation between stream order and stream number as well as between stream order and stream length. The shape of the hypsometric curves and the findings of the computed hypsometric integrals represent the erosive phases of the Panjhara River basin. <strong>Novelty:</strong> The research finds that stakeholders involved in watershed development and management initiatives may find the results of morphometric and hypsometric analyses valuable. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Morphometric Analysis; Hypsometric Analysis; Stream; GIS
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Amrutha, Rani H. R., and A. S. Ravikumar. "Comparision of hypsometric parameters of bangalore urban watersheds using remote sensing and GIS techniques." i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.15.2.22015.
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Hypsometric analysis is considered an effective tool to understand the stages of geomorphic status and geological development of river basins and for delineation of erosion proneness of watersheds. Bangalore urban has been subjected to rapid urbanization, due to which there is an increased water demand over a period of time. Hence, to tackle the growing water scarcity and reoccurrence of droughts and floods, an attempt has been made in the present study to investigate and understand the morphometry and derivation of hypsometric curves and hypsometric integrals of the watersheds of the Bangalore urban area. Bengaluru Urban is a densely populated city that geographically lies between 12°49'5” N to 13°8'32” N and 77°27'29” E to 77°47'2” E. In the Bangalore urban area, KC Valley and Hebbal flow towards the southeast direction, and Vrishabhavathi Valley flows towards the southwest direction and divides Bengaluru into three distinct and separate drainage zones. The SRTM-DEM data has been used for hypsometric analysis purposes. The downloaded DEM tiles are mosaiced in the ArcMap version 10.4 environment. Using the Arc Spatial Analysis tool, hypsometric analysis has been carried out and generated the hypsometric curves and hypsometric integrals on a watershed-wise basis. The hypsometric curves, which are concave upwards at higher elevations and convex downwards at low elevations, indicate that KC Valley, Vrishabhavathi Valley, and Hebbal Valley are approaching the mature stage and will have a lower rate of erosion and be characterized by concavity upwards at high elevations, having HI values of 0.45, 0.54, and 0.48, respectively. The findings will help in the recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures.
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Raymundo, V. Romero. "Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) for Hypsometric Analysis of a Bicol River Basin Area." Engineering and Technology Journal 9, no. 08 (2024): 4787–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13320047.
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Hypsometric analysis was employed to assess the erosion status of watersheds. This is necessary to check erosion, conserve water and to implement better land management practices. This study applied the Geographic Information System (GIS) to conduct a hypsometric analysis in a vital source of surface water of Bicol River Basin particularly the Lake Buhi catchment area. Significantly, the fundamental hypsometric parameters were described. The proportions of altitude to a particular land area using the hypsometric integral (HI) was illustrated. It was concluded that application of GIS was instrumental to describe the different topographic features such as the erosional, residual and depositional features reflected in the contour and hill shade maps. It was found that the area proportion is decreasing while the elevation interval is increasing. The hypsometric curves are at old dissected, eroded landscape except for P-1 that exhibits maturely dissected landform. The HI reflected that they are at old dissected, eroded landscape. The result of this study may be considered for several applications: it will serve as an aid in the implementation of necessary measures to conserve water and soil resources for the catchment's long-term development; the approach presented may be used in assessing other river basin for the initial characterization; practical applications are foreseen in hydrology, soil erosion and sedimentation studies; it may be used for understanding the stages of geomorphic development of other river basin; it may be used in prioritizing watershed for planning engineering measures and to mitigate the impact; the GIS approach may be used to obtain hypsometric information and in enabling the hydrologic modelling community.
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Kumar, Shailesh, Sarita Meshram, Rupesh Patil, and Sanjay Tignath. "Hypsometric Analysis Using Geographical Information System of Gour River Watershed, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India." Current World Environment 11, no. 1 (2016): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.1.07.
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Hypsometric analysis of drainage basins reveals the geological stage of watershed and is a measure of its maturity, indicating the susceptibility of the watershed to erosion. In the present study sub watersheds of Khurji Nala and Dala Nala watersheds which are tributaries of GourRiver located in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh was considered as the case study area. The watersheds were delineated into sub watersheds and hypsometric analysis was carried out for all of them using the digital contour map, which was generated using Arc GIS. The hypsometric integral values of Khurji Nala and Dala Nala sub watersheds reveals that sub watershed 2 of Khurji Nala and sub watershed 7 of Dala Nala watershed should be given top priority for soil and water conservation.
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Kazansky, B. A. "HYPSOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONTINENTS BY NUMERIC DATA." Geomorphology RAS, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2005-1-60-66.
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Rosenblatt, P., P. C. Pinet, and E. Thouvenot. "Comparative hypsometric analysis of Earth and Venus." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 6 (1994): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94gl00419.
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Luo, Wei. "Hypsometric analysis with a geographic information system." Computers & Geosciences 24, no. 8 (1998): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(98)00076-4.
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Iliev, Rosen, and Boyko Ranguelov. "FRACTAL NATURE OF MARTIAN TERRAIN." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 37 (2025): 183–91. https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v37.e18.
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Fractal analysis is performed on the topography to investigate the terrain of the planet Mars. Several hypsometry layers and areal analysis revealed the diversity of the Northern and Southern hemispheres – the first one dominated by basins, the second by mountains. The calculated fractal dimensions (FD) are a simple measure of the fragmentation of the determined layers. The analysis of the values of those dimensions reveals similarities and differences between the divided hypsometric layers. The results obtained give a possibility to announce a hypothesis of the domination of external factors in the shaping role of marsodynamics in the formation of the terrain, both in the past geological times and in recent times.
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Ravikiran, T., Ashok D. Hanjagi, and P. Surendra. "Assessment of Hypsometric Integral Status for Kumaradhara River of Dakshina Kannada, GIS Based Approach." Geo-Eye 12, no. 1 (2023): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v12i1.5.
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The present study is aiming to find the Hypsometric characterises of Kumaradhara river basin area, which is located in central western ghat region at an altitude of 1480 average MSL. Hypsometric concept which helps in understanding the condition of river over period of time that river has been gone through stage of different life cycles of erosional activities. Hypsometric Integral (HI) is other important factor which helps in identifying the state of river condition that is going through with calculational factor elevation and rate of erosion that occurred in river basin or region that river flows. The study area region is located at mid of Central western ghat region which falls under the category tropical evergreen forest region and semi evergreen region. Very rich in flora and fauna. Home for nearly 70 types endemic plants types which are very crucial in condition. Providing shelter for nearly 12000 types of species from unicellular bacteria to angiosperms, 4000 types of flowering plants, and hub of various international and national acts such as (ECZ) Ecological Sensitive Zone, Biodiversity Heritage zone, Western Ghat Ecological Expert panel (EGEEP) and Hotspot zone for many Endangered species. For the study ALOS PALSAR data of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is main source which is having resolution of 12.5meter data, is very high-resolution data of free of cost and Terrain Error corrected data. Student version ArcGIS Software 10.8 is used for analysis work Bhukosh and Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet data are utilized in this research work. In terms of Methodology to carryout activity DEM is classified according to elevation Range difference and classified into groups and area basin is calculated and according to Strahler method streams order of six classified and later Hypsometric Integral (HI) is calculated and finally by using that Hypsometric curve is plotted on map along with this various theme based maps were generated like Geology, Lithology, Stram order and Hill shade and Relief maps of study area is generated and maps were used in analysis work. The result of Hypsometric integral analysis revels that the Kumaradhara river is in between of Monodoc to Equilibrium stage where it gives hint of river is stage of erosion, still there is lot of stable bases for river erosion activity and different course erosional activity is still allowed and process is in stage of continuation of river erosional activities. Keywords Hypsometric, River Equilibrium, Hypsometric Integral, HI analysis
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Korjenić, Aida, Amina Sivac, and Aida Avdić. "River flows as drivers of population distribution and settlement patterns in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a GIS-based analysis." Journal for Geography 19, no. 2 (2024): 37–60. https://doi.org/10.18690/rg.19.2.4318.
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This paper analyzes the distribution and size structure of settlements along the primary river courses of Bosnia and Herzegovina, considering both hypsometry and socioeconomic dimensions of space, which contribute to demographic transformations. Using GIS tools, an analysis was conducted on the number of settlements according to hypsometric levels in the river basins of the Black and Adriatic Seas, alongside demographic changes during the latest intercensal period. Spatial analysis methods in GIS enabled the identification of population changes, settlement sizes, and spatial distribution patterns. Analysis of buffer zones within 5 km of river streams reveals a predominant spatial clustering of settlements along these waterways, while a fragmentation of settlement networks is observed farther away from the main streams.
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Kumar, Pankaj, Devendra Kumar, and PS Kashyap. "Hypsometric analysis of mid-himalayan watershed using geomatics." Journal of Hill Agriculture 8, no. 4 (2017): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00090.8.
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Al-Sulttani, Ahmed. "HYPSOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF AL-ADHAIM BASIN USING A NEW GIS- TECHNIQUE." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2B (2020): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2b.8rs-2020.09.08.
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Aldayyeni, Maryem, and Laith A. Jawad. "Geomorphological Analysis Methodologies for Houran Valley Basin in Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Physics 21, no. 2 (2023): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i2.1115.
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Extracting, studying and interpreting the morphological database of a basin is a basic building block for building a correct geomorphological understanding of this basin. In this work, Arc GIS 10.8 software and SRTM DEM satellite images were used. The principle of data integration was adopted by extracting the quantitative values of the morphometric characteristics that are affected by the geomorphological condition of the studied basin, then eliciting an optimal conception of the geomorphological condition of the basin from the meanings and connotations of these combined transactions. Hypsometric integration was extracted for each region in the basin separately with the value of integration of the plot curve for the relative heights of the basin regions with their respective regions. Hypsometry coefficients reveal that regions (A, B, C, D, and F) are still in their formative years, while region E is in the maturity stage and region G is in the monadnock stage of the geomorphological cycle.
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Shekar, Padala Raja, and Aneesh Mathew. "Watershed prioritization of drainage basins based on geomorphometric parameters, Neyyar watershed, India." Quaestiones Geographicae 42, no. 3 (2023): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0022.
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Prioritisation of sub-watersheds (SWs) is becoming increasingly important in the conservation of natural resources, particularly in watershed planning. In this study, sub-watershed for the Neyyar basin was prioritised using three methods: morphometric analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and hypsometric analysis. Morphometric analysis and hypsometric analysis were carried out using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, while PCA was performed for dimensionality reduction of morphometric parameters. The watershed was divided into 11 sub-watersheds (SW1–SW11), and each sub-watershed was given priority. To rank and prioritise SWs, 15 morphometric parameters were selected from the quantitative measures of morphometric analysis, including linear, relief, and areal. PCA was used to rank and prioritise SWs based on three highly correlated morphometric parameters. The hypsometric integral (HI) values were determined using the elevation relief ratio approach, and HI values were utilised to prioritise SWs. For both methods, such as morphometric analysis and PCA, a higher priority has been given to SW1. Using hypsometric analysis, higher priorities have been assigned to SW1, SW7, SW8, SW9, SW10 and SW11. The most common SWs that belong to the same priority of SWs and have a high correlation between them among the three methods are SW1, SW2, and SW5.The results of this analysis indicate that SW1 is a common high priority area with a significant risk of soil erosion, runoff and peak discharge. Therefore, decision-makers may utilise the high-priority sub-watershed to guide planning and development, measure conservation efforts and manage the land to prevent.
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BOGDAN, Nicoleta-Ioana. "Analysis of relief on the map in primary education." Romanian Review of Geographical Education 14, no. 1 (2025): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.24193/rrge20252.
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The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of using a worksheet to analyze the relief of a small territory, represented on a thematic map. The study involved 16 fourth-grade students. The activity consisted of three stages: in the first stage, a pre-test was applied; in the second stage, students individually analyzed the relief on a hypsometric map and solved the tasks in a worksheet based on this map; in the third stage, a post-test was applied. The results show that students, after the formative intervention, have a greater volume of knowledge about the relief of the commune in which they live. Analyzing the relief represented on the hypsometric map and solving the tasks in the worksheet by students determined positive effects on the volume of knowledge about the relief.
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Chaieb, Ali, and Noamen Rebai. "Gis analysis of hypsometry and basin asymmetry factor in Htab river basin and tectonic implications (Central Atlas, Tunisia)." Revue Internationale de Géomatique 29, no. 3-4 (2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.2019.00082.
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The geomorphology of the Htab river watershed is mainly guided by the action of the E-W Kasserine fault. This activity influenced the installed hydrographic system. To see the impact of neotectonic on the Htab river watershed, four morphometric indices were applied: the elongation ratio, the hypsometric curve, the hypsometric integral, and the asymmetry factor. The processing and calculation of these indices were based on global DEMs (Digital Elevation Models). The result obtained shows an important link between the activity of the Kasserine fault, the geomorphological behavior of the Htab river watershed and the hydrographic network. Field observations confirmed well these results.
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CÎINEANU, MARIANA-DOINA, MARIA ELIZA DULAMĂ, and COSTIN HÎRLAV. "Developing analytical thinking through the use of maps in geography." Romanian Review of Geographical Education 12, no. 1-2 (2024): 45–58. https://doi.org/10.23741/rrge20234.
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The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects on students' analytical thinking of a learning activity based on the analysis of flowing waters, represented on a hypsometric map. 20 students from the 8th grade participated in the study. The experimental design included three stages: in the first stage in which the students were asked to analyze flowing waters based on a map; in the second stage the students analyzed, in groups, the flowing waters represented on a hypsometric map using a worksheet; in the third stage the students solved the task received in the first stage. The results show that the students, after the formative intervention, have a higher level of competence in analyzing flowing waters on the hypsometric map and that the worksheet determined the increase in the level of competence and contributed to the development of analytical thinking
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Gashakamba, Faustin, Umaru Garba Wali, and Vaillant Rutazuyaza Byizigiro. "Assessing the importance of hypsometry for catchment soil erosion: A case study of the Yanze watershed, Rwanda." South African Journal of Geomatics 12, no. 2 (2023): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v12i.2.9.
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Implementing a watershed erosion control programme requires resource-intensive and time-consuming preliminary studies to prioritize such interventions and to focus on those sub-catchments where they are most likely to yield the most effective results.
 In this study, we explore and document the effectiveness of using hypsometric analysis as a method to prioritize erosion control measures and apply it to the Yanze watershed located in central Rwanda.
 Based on a 30m-resolution DEM of the watershed and using ArcGIS and R software, we made estimates of hypsometric integral values and calculated soil loss estimates through RUSLE modelling and by using data from different sources, namely the Rwanda Meteorological Agency (rainfall data), ISRIC (soil data), and Sentinel-2 images (land cover maps).
 The hypsometric integral values of the Yanze sub-catchments were high, ranging from 0.5 to 0.936. This, combined with the overall convex upward hypsometric curves, indicates that the Yanze watershed is still at a youthful stage in its erosional cycle.
 The results of the RUSLE model showed that the average potential soil loss in the Yanze watershed is 55.63 tonnes.ha-1.year-1, which is comparable to the national average estimated at 62 tonnes.ha-1.year-1.
 The correlation analysis that we conducted between the hypsometric integral values of the Yanze sub-catchments and their respective mean soil loss values revealed no correlation between the two variables. From the results of this study, we conclude that in watersheds where lithology affects soil erosion significantly, morphology can indeed indicate the potential for erosion. However, we further concluded that future studies to characterize erosion potential using morphometry should employ additional morphometric parameters in the regression model.
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Pavlovic, Sanja, and Marijana Jancic. "Changes in the age structure of the population in the settlements of Zajecar municipality." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 2 (2009): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0902091p.
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The paper analyzes changes in age structure of 42 settlements of Zajecar community from aspects of total amount of population, population size, sort, type and the hypsometric zone they belong to. Statistical analysis done on a two census years (1971. and 2002) shows the oldening of all the settlements, as well as dependence of changes in age structure of the sort of settlements, their population size and altitude. The age structure of villages, smaller settlements and those from higher hypsometric zones is worsening faster. The analysis doesn't show statistical connection between the age structure and the type of settlement.
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Pavlovic, Sanja, and Marijana Jancic. "Hypsometric distribution as a factor of some spatial-demographic changes in development of the settlements of Knjazevac community." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 87, no. 2 (2007): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0702125p.
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The paper analyzes dependence of spatial-demographic tendencies in the development of 86 settlements of Knjazevac community on their hypsometric distribution. It deals with absolute and relative changes of total amount of population, agricultural population, as well as the populational size of settlements. The whole municipality is characterized with the concentration of the population in the lower hypsometric zones, settlements becoming smaller and, with the exception of the town centre, negative demographic developmental tendencies. Statistical analysis done on a period between 1971-2002 shows the dependence of majority of analyzed indexes on their altitude zone.
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Mohammed, Kamyar M. "Assessment of Morphometric and Hypsometric Analysis of the Ruste Basin Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Techniques." Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 4 (2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14401.
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A basin’s characteristics and features need to be comprehended completely by conducting morphometric analysis, such as evaluating the basin’s size, form, and surface features, to estimate floods and erosion rates properly. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate morphometric measures and hypsometric analysis of Erbil’s Ruste Basin employing remote sensing and geographical information system methods. To investigate the significant tributaries of the selected area, the hydrology tool within the Spatial Analysis Tools of ArcGIS, version 10.7, was utilized to define the basin boundaries, map the drainage networks, and obtain topographic data. The findings of the linear morphometric parameters revealed that the logarithmic relationship between stream orders and stream numbers was negative. The difference in stream order and number seen in the watershed is due to topography and bedrock influence. The results also showed a negative correlation between stream length and stream order, and a coefficient of determination of 0.972, which indicates that the basin is made of low-permeability formation and subsoil materials. Considering the areal morphometric parameters, the circularity ratio, elongation ratio, and form factor are 0.594, 0.853 and 0.572, respectively, suggested a semi-circular shape. A drainage density value of 2.259 km-1 showed that the Ruste Basin is a basin with steeply to very steeply sloping hilly terrain with varying plant covering. Furthermore, the Ruste Basin has high relief and slope with a relief ratio of 0.151 and basin relief of 2.576 km, both of which imply that it has a steep slope with high erosive force, limited infiltration, and a high runoff rate. Ruste Basin’s ruggedness number was 5.819, indicating that it has badlands topography. The average hypsometric integral was 0.467, denoting a mature basin featuring S-shaped hypsometric curves. In conclusion, the results showed that analysis of morphometric parameters and hypsometric integral and curve provides us with a notion to basin characterization and guidance to making appropriate decisions to establish effective actions to sustainable water and soil conservation and natural resources management through applying water harvesting methods, check dams, and bench terraces.
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Gajbhiye, Sarita, S. K. Mishra, and Ashish Pandey. "Hypsometric analysis of Shakkar river catchment through geographical information system." Journal of the Geological Society of India 84, no. 2 (2014): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-014-0123-1.
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Malik, Anurag, Anil Kumar, Priya Rai, and Sachin Kumar Singh. "Hypsometric curve and integral estimation of four hilly watersheds of Ramganga river basin using RS and GIS." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, no. 02 (2018): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.9.
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In this study, hypsometric curve (HC) and hypsometric integral (HI) of Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds located in upper Ramganga River basin, Uttarakhand State, India, was done using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The results of analysis revealed that the HI = 0.398, 0.345, 0.372 and 0.319 for Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds, respectively. Based on HC two geological stages of erosion cycle i.e. monadnock and mature were identified in the study area. Therefore, the findings of this research could be useful for planning and constructing soil and water conservation structures at appropriate locations in these watersheds.
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Woldemariyam Tesema, Fethangest, Gebrerufael Hailu Kahsay, and Berihu Abadi Berhe. "Quantitative Geomorphological Parameters Analysis for the Aynalem- Illala Streams, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 13, no. 1 (2021): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1.4.
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Morphometric analysis is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of the surface, shape, and dimension of landforms. The objective of this study is to characterize the Aynalem and Illala streams using the morphometric parameter. The topographic map at a scale of 1:50,000 taken from the Ethiopian National Mapping Agency was used to characterize the linear and areal aspects. ASTER Digital Elevation Model with 10m resolution was used to characterize the relief aspect. The Arc GIS 10.4.1 was used during the morphometric analysis. The analysis result of the streams is summarized based on the linear, areal, and relief aspects. The area is characterized by a dendritic drainage pattern which is characteristics of massive hard rock terrain. The Aynalem and Illala streams are 4th and 5th order streams. Considering the number of streams in the Aynalem (75.81%) and Illala (74.66%) is composed of first-order streams that indicate a flashy flood and the mean bifurcation value of Aynalem (6.8) and Illala (4.7) shows that the Aynalem area is more structurally affected than Illala but both show less stream integration. The analysis of areal aspects such as elongation ratio, circularity ratio, and form factor has indicated that both streams are characterized as elongated streams, this implies that both streams are flowing in heterogeneous rock material, presences of structural effect, and slow runoff discharge. The other areal aspect such as drainage density, stream frequency, infiltration number, and length of overland flow all show smaller values in both streams. This implies that the streams are characterized by a relatively permeable rock material with a higher infiltration capacity. The relief aspect of the Aynalem and Illala was also analyzed using basin relief, relief ratio, ruggedness number, hypsometric curves, and Hypsometric integral. The streams are characterized by a lower relief ratio and ruggedness number which implies a relatively flat slope and lower relief. The hypsometric curves and the Hypsometric Integral of the streams indicate that the Aynalem and Illala are at the maturity stage. This shows the area is characterized by higher erosion but less affected by recent structures. Based on the morphometric parameter analysis result it is possible to conclude that the stream development is dependent on the topography and geology of the study area and both streams show similar morphometric character.
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Alberico, Ines, and Francesca Budillon. "A Quantitative Evaluation of Hyperpycnal Flow Occurrence in a Temperate Coastal Zone: The Example of the Salerno Gulf (Southern Italy)." Geosciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120501.
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The inner continental shelf is regarded as a repository of hyperpycnal flow (HF) deposits the analysis of which may contribute to hydrogeological risk assessment in coastal areas. In line with the source to sink paradigm, we examined the dynamics of the coastal watersheds facing the Salerno Gulf (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) in generating hyperpycnal flows and investigated the shallow marine sediment record to verify their possible occurrence in the recent past. Thus, the morphometric properties (hypsometric integral, hypsometric skewness, hypsometric kurtosis, density skewness and density kurtosis) of the watersheds together with the potential rivers’ discharge and sediment concentration, calculated by applying altitude- and extent -based experimental relations, allowed to detect the rivers that were prone to producing HFs. In the shallow marine environment record of the last 2 kyr, anomalous sedimentation, possibly linked to HF events, was identified by comparing the sand-mud ratio (S/M) down-core —at three sites off the main river mouths — to the expected S/M calculated by applying the relation governing the present-day distribution of sand at the seabed in the Salerno Gulf. A return period of major HF events ≤ 0.1 kyr can be inferred for rivers which fall into the category “dirty rivers”. In these cases, the watersheds have a hypsometric index ranging between 0.2 and 0.3, coastal plains not exceeding 30% of the entire catchment area and a maximum topographic height ≥1000 m. A return period of about 0.3 kyr has been inferred for the “moderately dirty rivers”. In these other cases, about 50% of the watersheds develop into a low gradient coastal plain and have a hypsometric index ranging between 0.09 and 0.2. The observations on land and offshore have been complemented to reach a more comprehensive vision of the coastal area dynamics. The method here proposed corroborates the effectiveness of the source to sink approach and is applicable to analogous sediment records in temperate continental shelves which encompass the last 3 kyr, a time interval in which the oscillations of relative sea level can be overlooked.
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B. N., Pavithra, Rajashekarappa K. S., Premanand B. Dashavant, Kadalli G. G., and Devappa. "Integrated Morphometric and Hypsometric Analysis of Niragantipalli Micro Watershed Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Techniques." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 10 (2024): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i104518.
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Employing Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) for the morphometric parameters analysis are discovered to be tremendous usefulness in the prioritization of watersheds for soil, water conservation and natural resource management at micro watershed level. The analysis of morphometric parameters plays a crucial role for understanding and managing watersheds. In current study an, attempt was to determine the morphological parameters of Niragantipalli micro-watershed in Chikkaballapura District of Karnataka, India. For detail study, Google earth pro, GPS visualizer conversion toll and Arc GIS were used for preparation of DEM and delineation of the watershed boundary. GIS was used for evaluation of basic, linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The Niragantipalli micro-watershed occupies an area of 632 ha with third order stream (truck order) and dendritic drainage pattern. The mean bifurcation ratio of the micro-watershed is 2.5 it suggests that the drainage system formed on homogeneous rock when the influences of geologic structures on the network of streams were negligible and generate sharp peak flow. With a drainage density of 1.31 km/km2, the drainage network is extremely coarse. The watershed is elongated, as shown by the form factor of 0.27 and elongation ratio of 0.58. The results from the morphometric analysis of the watershed are very beneficial for developing and designing conservation structures of soil and watershed management measures. The hypsometric curves’ structure as well as estimated hypsometric integral results reflects the Niragantipalli Micro Watershed erosional stages. As a result, the study concludes that morphometric and hypsometric analysis findings may be useful to stakeholders participating in catchment development and management projects.
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Bashir, Bashar, Abdullah Alsalman, Hussein Bachir, and Mahmoud Elnobi. "GIS-Analysis for Active Tectonics Assessment of Wadi Al-Arish, Egypt." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042659.
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In this paper, we apply an effective method to evaluate relative tectonic activity by applying several morph-tectonic indices that are useful in evaluating topography and tectonics. These indices include stream length-gradient, asymmetric factor, hypsometric index, hypsometric curves, valley floor width to valley height ratio, drainage basin shape, and mountain front sinuosity. The study region of Wadi Al-Arish in northern Sinai Peninsula in northern Egypt is a natural laboratory to examine relative tectonic activity levels for calculating morpho-tectonic indices of several catchments and sub-catchments rather than an individual catchment. Northern Sinai, comprising the Waid Al-Arish area, is characterized by several large inversion anticline folds. The cumulative results extracted from morpho-tectonic indices ae presented as a new index, namely relative tectonic activity level (RTAL), which we classified into four levels: low, moderate, high, and very high relative tectonic activity. Therefore, the study region provides different levels of relative tectonic activity resulting from fault patterns affecting the northern Sinai inversion forms. The paper examines the concept that regions with various levels of tectonic activity are associated with specific values of RTAL.
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Andrade, Valdir Carlos Lima de, and Helio Garcia Leite. "Hipsometric relationship modeling using data sampled in tree scaling and inventory plots." Revista Árvore 35, no. 1 (2011): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622011000100019.
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This work evaluated eight hypsometric models to represent tree height-diameter relationship, using data obtained from the scaling of 118 trees and 25 inventory plots. Residue graphic analysis and percent deviation mean criteria, qui-square test precision, residual standard error between real and estimated heights and the graybill f test were adopted. The identity of the hypsometric models was also verified by applying the F(Ho) test on the plot data grouped to the scaling data. It was concluded that better accuracy can be obtained by using the model prodan, with h and d1,3 data measured in 10 trees by plots grouped into these scaling data measurements of even-aged forest stands.
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Kim, Donghyun, Jongsung Kim, Wonjoon Wang, Haneul Lee, and Hung Soo Kim. "On Hypsometric Curve and Morphological Analysis of the Collapsed Irrigation Reservoirs." Water 14, no. 6 (2022): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060907.
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The impact of irrigation reservoirs requires investigation through hydrological analysis to identify the flood control functions of these reservoirs. However, there is insufficient information concerning important geographical, morphological, and topographic characteristics, such as the reservoir cross-section. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the morphological and topographic characteristics of reservoirs using geographical information instead of measurement data. Ten reservoirs, including the Ga-Gog reservoir located in Miryang City, South Korea, were selected. The topographic information of the reservoirs was obtained using topographic maps and GIS techniques. Based on this information, the volume (V)-area (A)-depth (H) relationship and the hypsometric curve (HC) according to the relative area (a/A) and relative height (h/H) were created. A comparison of the reservoir volume, estimated using topographic information, with the measured volume revealed an error rate between 0.23% and 14.27%. In addition, two collapsed reservoirs located near Miryang City were investigated by creating V-A-H relationships and HCs using topographic information. The morphological characteristics of the reservoirs were identified by analyzing the (1) morphology index, (2) full water storage area-levee height relationship, and (3) full water storage area relationship. The analysis results showed that the collapsed reservoirs had high water depth and a large area relative to other reservoirs. Similar types of reservoirs were grouped by conducting a cluster analysis using basic properties such as the basin area, storage, and levee height. The cluster analysis results, based on HC analysis, grouped the reservoirs into three shapes: convex upward (youthful stage), relatively flat (mature stage), and convex downward (old stage). The HCs of the collapsed reservoirs exhibited a convex downward shape, indicating that they were subjected to considerable erosion due to aging. Moreover, this considerable erosion caused a large quantity of sediment to accumulate in the reservoirs, resulting in an insufficient allowable storage capacity of the reservoir because the flood control capacity was reduced, which may have led to their collapse during heavy rainfalls. Therefore, the identification of potential causes of reservoir collapse through the morphological characteristics and HCs of reservoirs are expected to support the operation and management of reservoirs to reduce flood damage.
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Walcott, Rachel C., and M. A. Summerfield. "Scale dependence of hypsometric integrals: An analysis of southeast African basins." Geomorphology 96, no. 1-2 (2008): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.001.
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ΒΟΥΒΑΛΙΔΗΣ, Κ., Α. ΣΦΕΙΚΟΣ, Θ. ΠΑΡΑΣΧΟΥ, Χ. ΚΕΧΑΓΙΑ та Δ. ΨΩΜΙΑΔΗΣ. "Η επίδραση της γεωλογίας και της τεκτονικής στην εξέλιξη του υδρογραφικού δικτύου και της υδρολογικής λεκάνης του ποταμού Πάμισου της Θεσσαλίας." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 38 (10 вересня 2005): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18428.
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River Pamisos is a main tributary of Pinios River, draining the SW part of the Thessaly catchment area. The river's drainage basin comprises part of the plain as well as of the mountainous terrain that bounds the broader Thessaly Plain. In this paper we present the results of both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the drainage network and morphology through processing of digitized data with GIS software. Quantitative measurements allowed objectively to compare different landforms and to calculate less straightforward parameters (geomorphic indices) that may be useful for the identifying particular characteristics of the area, such as the level of tectonic activity and geologic conffiocm the analysis of the hydrographie network values for the D and F parameters were calculated. In addition, terrain analysis resulted in useful conclusions about morphologic indices, derivation of hypsographic curves and integrals for the entire study area. Similarly, the morphological study of fluvial terraces together with that of sub-basins resulted in determination of erosive activity of the river. Finally, the analysis of certain morphometric indices obtained from the hydrographie network and morphology subsequent analyses was used to define the influence of geologic formations and tectonics upon the evolution of the river system. One of the major results of this paper is that the shape of the hypsometric curve and the calculation of the hypsometric integral indicate a mature stage of development for the Pamissos River drainage basin. It is generally known that the landscape in recently developed - active orogens is shaped mainly by two factors, tectonic activity and surface erosion. If we accept that the denudation – erosion rates in Hellenic orogen are approximately the same, then the lack of landmass (indicated by hypsometric integral) should implicate a basin expansion due to tectonic control.
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ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ, Α., Α. ΧΑΤΖΗΠΕΤΡΟΣ та Σ. ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ. "Ποσοτική ανάλυση - μορφοτεκτονικοί δείκτες για τις περιοχές των ρηγμάτων Στρατωνίου - Βαρβάρας και Γοματίου - μεγάλης Παναγιάς (Ανατολική Χαλκιδική)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 38 (10 вересня 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18419.
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The study area is located at the NE part of Chalkidiki peninsula. Geologicaly it belongs at Servomacedonian mass. The faults of Stratoni - Barbara and Gomati- M. Panagia have an important role at the surface morphology of the area. These are typically active faults and they are the most important neotectonic structures at Eastern Chaikidiki. For the study of surface morphology a quantitative morphotectonic analysis has been done with the contribution of Geographical Information Systems GIS. The morphological indicators we have studied are: hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, drainage basin asymmetry, mountain - front sinuosity, stream length - gradient index, transverse topographic symmetry, radio of valley - floor width to valley height and fault scarp morphology. This morphotectonic analysis has confirmed the field observations. Major role in this research had the use of satellite pictures and 3D models (Digital Elevation Model - D.E.M.).
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Enkhbold, Altanbold, Ulambadrakh Khukhuudei, Batbold Dorjookhuu, Bae Seong Yeong, Bayanzul Davaadorj та Batzorig Batbold. "Tectonic geomorphological аnalysis of the Khukh Lake Basin, Mongolian Altay Mountains, north-west Mongolia". Geographic Issues 25, № 01 (2025): 84–100. https://doi.org/10.22353/gi.2025.25.06.
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The Khukh Lake Basin in the Mongolian Altay represents a characteristics of a tectonically formed lake basin. This study employed a comprehensive morphometric analysis to determine the morphological development, origin, and tectonic influence on the basin. Using topographic maps, satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and field measurements, we applied various analytical methods including Topographic Analysis (TA), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Valley floor (Vf), Mountain Front Sinuosity (MFs), Basin Shape Index (Bs), Relief Slope (RSl), Relative Relief Energy (RE), Hypsometric Curve (HC), and Volume Estimation (V). The results reveal that the Khukh Lake Basin is aligned along a NW–SE-trending fault system and is situated within an active tectonic zone characterized by compressional and transtensional deformation. Morphometric analysis of the study area revealed a hypsometric integral (HI) of 0.80%, Vf values ranging from 0.11 to 0.35, surface slopes between 44° and 68°, RE of 1142 m, a Bs value of 2.33, and an MFs value of 1.0. These results indicate that the lake was formed within a narrow, elongated tectonic zone extending from northwest to southeast. The average volume of the non-linear body was estimated to be 0.069 km³, suggesting that the Khukh Lake was formed by a rock blockage of this volume. Morphometric indicators collectively confirm the presence of intense tectonic activity, substantiating the structural control over the basin's formation and evolution. This research highlights the geodynamic significance of the Mongolian Altay region, where active faulting plays a crucial role in shaping lake basins, and provides a scientific basis for understanding tectonic influences on intramontane depressions.
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Elabanavi, Sumalata. "Hypsometric Analysis of the Malaprabha Sub Basin of Krishna River, Karnataka, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 7 (2019): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.7136.
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Markose, Vipin Joseph, and K. S. Jayappa. "Hypsometric analysis of Kali River Basin, Karnataka, India, using geographic information system." Geocarto International 26, no. 7 (2011): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2011.608438.
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Kusre, B. C. "Hypsometric analysis and watershed management of Diyung watershed in north eastern India." Journal of the Geological Society of India 82, no. 3 (2013): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0148-x.
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Singh, Yumkhaibam Sanjitkumar, Laishram Sunil Singh, Manichandra Sanoujam, and Arun Kumar. "Morphotectonic Study of the Ijai Watershed, in Parts of Kangpokpi, Tamenglong and Noney Districts Manipur, India." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, no. 3 (2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i3672.
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The present study aims to describe and bring out the tectonic nature of Ijai watershed in parts of Kangpokpi, Tamenglong and Noney districts of Manipur. Ijai watershed has an area of 184.0 Km2which is also tectonically active as depicted by the analysed values of different geomorphic indices like SLK index, Valley Floor Width to Valley Height ratio (Vf),Transverse Topographic Symmetry (T), Drainage Basin Asymmetry (AF), Basin Elongation Ratio (Eb), hypsometric curve and its integral. The data for the analysis of the geomorphic indices are extracted from the DEM and SENTINEL-2 satellite data and SOI-toposheets. Along the stresses of the rivers there are numbers of regions having SLK index greater than 2 depicting presence of knick points.Vf values ranges from 0.053 to 0.144 showing V-shaped valleys with streams that are actively incising and are commonly associated with uplift. Average value of T of Ijaiis found to be 0.4182, which reflects asymmetric in nature. The results of AF is 36.47 %, signifies the upliftment of the eastern side of the basin resulting the shifting of the river to western side in general. The result of Basin Elongation ratio (Eb) is 0.59 which signifies elongated basin undergoing tectonically activities. The result of hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (Hi) 49 % reveals that basin is passing through early mature stage under the cycle of erosion.
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Abuzar, Khubaib, Saira Batool, Areeba Amer, et al. "A Study of Active Chaman Fault System (CFS) using SRTM DEM." Vol 3 Issue 1 3, no. 1 (2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030103.
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Chaman fault is a seismically active fault running over 850km in western region of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is a major geological structure between Indian and Eurasian plates. Chaman fault is a strike slip fault which is slipping nearly at the rate of 10mm per year. This research includes the evaluation of lithological processes and neotectonics activity using Hypsometric Integral (HI). We calculated values of hypsometric integral using SRTM DEM with 90m spatial resolution in active region of Chaman Fault (CF) and in its locality. We analyzed different mean, minimum and maximum elevations using regular square grids and measured the degree of spatial distribution of HI using Local Indices (LI) of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). LISA provides auto correlation for the cluster analysis of hotspots and cold spots of HI values to discriminate uplifted and eroded regions.
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Cerqueira, Clebson Lima, Rômulo Môra, Helio Tonini, et al. "EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO E ARRANJO DE PLANTIO NA RELAÇÃO HIPSOMÉTRICA DE EUCALIPTO EM SISTEMA CONSORCIADO DE PRODUÇÃO." Nativa 7, no. 6 (2019): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7643.
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Dada a importância dos sistemas de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (iLPF), tornam-se indispensáveis a realização de pesquisas sobre a modelagem da altura para dar suporte na gestão e quantificação dos recursos disponíveis. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do espaçamento e arranjos de plantio na relação hipsométrica de um híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla em iLPF, utilizando modelos tradicionais para estimativa da altura comercial e total. Os dados foram obtidos em sistema de (iLPF), em áreas experimentais implantadas pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril), localizadas no município de Sinop, região norte de Mato Grosso. Para estimativa da altura comercial e total foram testados os modelos de Stoffels, Curtis, Hiperbólico, Henricksen e Assmann, com a precisão avaliada por meio de indicadores estatísticos e análise gráfica de resíduos. A influência do espaçamento e arranjo de plantio na relação hipsométrica foi avaliada por meio do teste de identidade de modelos de Graybill. Com base nas estatísticas e análise gráfica o modelo de Assmann apresentou melhor acurácia de ajuste para estimativa da altura total. Para estimativa da altura comercial o modelo Hiperbólico obteve melhor desempenho. O teste de identidade revelou que o espaçamento e arranjo de plantio influenciam de forma significativa na relação hipsométrica e uma única equação não deverá ser ajustada para representar a altura comercial e total nos diferentes tratamentos em iLPF.Palavras-chave: modelagem; teste de identidade; altura das árvores. EFFECT OF SPACING AND PLANTING ARRANGEMENT ON THE HYPSOMETRIC RELATION OF EUCALYPTUS IN CONSORTIUM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: Given the importance of crop-livestock-forest integration systems (iLPF), it is essential to carry out research on height modeling to support the management and quantification of available resources. In this study, we aimed to adjust traditional models of hypsometric relation and to evaluate the effect of spacing and planting arrangements in the equations adjustment. The data were obtained from the eucalyptus trees in an integrated-crop-livestock-forest system (iCLF), in experimental areas implemented by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril), located in the municipality of Sinop, northern region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The precision and accuracy of the hypsometric models was evaluated through statistical indicators and graphic residue analysis. The influence of spacing and planting arrangement on the hypsometric relation was performed through the model identity test of Gaybiil (2000). Based on the statistics and graphical analysis the Assmann model presented better accuracy of fit for total height estimation. To estimate the commercial height, the Hyperbolic model obtained better performance. The identity test revealed that plant spacing, and arrangement influence significantly the hypsometric relationship and a single equation should not be adjusted to represent the total and commercial height in the different treatments in iCLF system.Keywords: modeling; identity test; tree height.
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Cunningham, Maxwell T., Colin P. Stark, Michael R. Kaplan, and Joerg M. Schaefer. "Glacial limitation of tropical mountain height." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 1 (2019): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-147-2019.
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Abstract. Absent glacial erosion, mountain range height is limited by the rate of bedrock river incision and is thought to asymptote to a steady-state elevation as erosion and rock uplift rates converge. For glaciated mountains, there is evidence that range height is limited by glacial erosion rates, which vary cyclically with glaciations. The strongest evidence for glacial limitation is at midlatitudes, where range-scale hypsometric maxima (modal elevations) lie within the bounds of Late Pleistocene snow line variation. In the tropics, where mountain glaciation is sparse, range elevation is generally considered to be fluvially limited and glacial limitation is discounted. Here we present topographic evidence to the contrary. By applying both old and new methods of hypsometric analysis to high mountains in the tropics, we show that (a) the majority are subject to glacial erosion linked to a perched base level set by the snow line or equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and (b) many truncate through glacial erosion towards the cold-phase ELA. Evaluation of the hypsometric analyses at two field sites where glacial limitation is seemingly marginal reveals how glaciofluvial processes act in tandem to accelerate erosion near the cold-phase ELA during warm phases and to reduce their preservation potential. We conclude that glacial erosion truncates high tropical mountains on a cyclic basis: zones of glacial erosion expand during cold periods and contract during warm periods as fluvially driven escarpments encroach and destroy evidence of glacial action. The inherent disequilibrium of this glaciofluvial limitation complicates the concept of time-averaged erosional steady state, making it meaningful only on long timescales far exceeding the interval between major glaciations.
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Rajović, Goran. "Morphology and Opportunities Agricultural Valorization: The Case Northeastern Montenegro." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 11 (September 2013): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.11.35.
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Morphology northeastern Montenegro in terms of agricultural valuation is not wells understood. Therefore, the paper discusses the morph metric analysis of the relief: hypsometric structure, the structure of the slope and exposure. Based on morphological characteristics of relief, we selected the observed geographic space, morphological entities with different benefits and limitations for agricultural development.
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Bozhkov, Petko. "Morphometric analysis of the drainage network in the northeastern slopes of the Sashtinska Gredna Gora Mountain." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 83, no. 3 (2022): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.209.
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The following case study aims to analyze morphometric properties of the drainage network in selected river basins, covering the northeastern parts of the Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mountain. Drainage network is extracted from а digital elevation model (DEM). Several morphometric linear and areal parameters are calculated and interpreted – number of streams, total stream length, bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio drainage density, stream frequency, Melton ratio, hypsometric integral, etc. The hierarchy of tributaries and main rivers is also discussed.
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Khatun, Shahana, and Swades Pal. "Analysis of Regional Hypsometric Integral to Identify Landscape Evolution in Kushkarani River Basin." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 6, no. 3 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2016/26588.
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Singh, Tejpal. "Hypsometric analysis of watersheds developed on actively deforming Mohand anticlinal ridge, NW Himalaya." Geocarto International 23, no. 6 (2008): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040801965821.
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Le Morzadec, K., L. Tarasov, M. Morlighem, and H. Seroussi. "A new sub-grid surface mass balance and flux model for continental-scale ice sheet modelling: testing and last glacial cycle." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 10 (2015): 3199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3199-2015.
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Abstract. To investigate ice sheet evolution over the timescale of a glacial cycle, 3-D ice sheet models (ISMs) are typically run at "coarse" grid resolutions (10–50 km) that do not resolve individual mountains. This will introduce to-date unquantified errors in sub-grid (SG) transport, accumulation and ablation for regions of rough topography. In the past, synthetic hypsometric curves, a statistical summary of the topography, have been used in ISMs to describe the variability of these processes. However, there has yet to be detailed uncertainty analysis of this approach. We develop a new flow line SG model for embedding in coarse resolution models. A 1 km resolution digital elevation model was used to compute the local hypsometric curve for each coarse grid (CG) cell and to determine local parameters to represent the hypsometric bins' slopes and widths. The 1-D mass transport for the SG model is computed with the shallow ice approximation. We test this model against simulations from the 3-D Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) run at 1 km grid resolution. Results show that none of the alternative parameterizations explored were able to adequately capture SG surface mass balance and flux processes. Via glacial cycle ensemble results for North America, we quantify the impact of SG model coupling in an ISM. We show that SG process representation and associated parametric uncertainties, related to the exchange of ice between the SG and CG cells, can have significant (up to 35 m eustatic sea level equivalent for the North American ice complex) impact on modelled ice sheet evolution.