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1
Cortazzi, Hugh, ed. Japanese Studies in Britain. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823582.
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This book takes an in-depth look at the study of Japan in contemporary Britain, highlighting the many strengths but also pointing out some weaknesses, while at the same time offering a valuable historical record of the origins and development of Japanese Studies in British universities and other institutions. It comprises essays written by scholars from universities all over Britain – from Edinburgh and Newcastle to Cardiff, SOAS and Oxbridge+, as well as contributions from various supporting foundations and organizations – from the British Association of Japanese Studies (BAJS) to the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures (SISJAC). It opens with an historical overview by Peter Kornicki, followed by chapters on the important role of missionaries in advancing Japanese language studies in pre-war Japan by Hamish Ion and the contribution of the British consular and military officers before 1941 by Jim Hoare. Japanese Studies in Britain gives a snapshot of the present state of Japanese Studies in Britain. It also provides an important new benchmark and point of reference regarding the present options for studying Japan at British universities. It offers in addition a wider perspective on the role, relevance and future direction of Japanese Studies for academia, business and government, students planning their future careers and more generally the world of education, as well as readers interested in the developing relationship between Britain and Japan.
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Larsen, Timothy. The Lion Shall Lie Down With the Lamb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753155.003.0005.
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As his time of crisis abated, Mill found himself attracted to voices beyond the confines of—even antithetical to—the ‘sect’ in which he had been raised: notably, S. T. Coleridge, the Saint-Simonians, Auguste Comte, and Thomas Carlyle, the author of Sartor Resartus. From Comte, Mill gained a theory of history that allowed him to appreciate the contribution that traditional institutions had made. Mill also made his best male friend, the Anglican clergyman John Sterling. Out of this period would emerge a lifelong instinct to try to create a via media between two ostensibly opposing ideologies or viewpoints. This mediating approach found expression in his articles, ‘Bentham’ and ‘Coleridge’. Mill added Romanticism to his Enlightenment birthright.
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Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine. The National School of Judges of Ukraine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-5.
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The special edition of the national professional scientific and practical legal magazine “The Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine” was published, which contains reports delivered at the online conference "Ensuring the unity of judicial practise: the legal positions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court and standards of the Council of Europe", held on the occasion of the third anniversary of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court. time of thematic sessions and webinars for judges of each of the courts of cassation in the Supreme Court, as well as joint sessions for judges of different jurisdictions at the end of 2020. The National School of Judges of Ukraine held these events together with the Supreme Court and in synergy with the Council of Europe projects "Support to Judicial Reform in Ukraine", "Further Support for Ukraine's Implementation in the Context of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights", USAID New Justice Program, OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine. These are projects that support various aspects of judicial reform in Ukraine, compliance with Council of Europe standards and recommendations, offering best practices from member states to help make priorities in the national reform process. The conference and training events were attended by more than 550 participants - judges of the Supreme Court, other courts, leading Ukrainian and foreign experts, representatives of the legal community. Trainers and all structural subdivisions of the National School of Judges of Ukraine were involved, the training activities of which were identified by the CCEJ in one of its conclusions as one of the important tools to ensure the unity of judicial practice. Programs of activities included reports on the role of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court in ensuring the unity of judicial practice and the impact on the legal system; unity of judicial practice in the context of standards - improving access to justice in Ukraine: removing procedural obstacles and ensuring the right to an impartial court, approaches to identifying cases of minor complexity and cases of significant public interest or exceptional importance for a party in the context of access to court of cassation: practice the supreme courts of the member states of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights; key positions of the Supreme Court - application of the provisions of the procedural codes on the grounds for transferring the case to the Chamber, the joint chamber or the Supreme Court, the impact of its decisions on legislative activity, ensuring the specialization of courts and judges, the practice of the Supreme Court of the Supreme Court on administrative cases, the practice of considering cases of disciplinary liability of judges, conclusions on the rules of criminal law, review of court decisions in criminal proceedings in exceptional circumstances; the impact of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the case law of national courts and the justification of court decisions and the "balance of rights" in civil cases in its practice, the development of the doctrine of human rights protection; ECtHR standards on evidence and the burden of proof, the conclusions of the CCEJ and their reflection in judicial practice; judicial rule-making in the activities of European courts of cassation, etc. The issues raised are analyzed in the Ukrainian and international contexts from report to report, which, we hope, will be appreciated by every lawyer - both practitioners and theorists. As well as the fact that the depth of disclosure of each of the topics through the practice of application serves the development of law and contributes to the formation of the unity of judicial practice of the Supreme Court, the creation of case law is a contribution to rulemaking and lawmaking. The conversion of intellectual discourse into the practice of Ukrainian courts is an important step towards strengthening public confidence in the judiciary. And here the unifying force of the Supreme Court can be especially important, as the Chairman of the Supreme Court Valentyna Danishevska rightly remarked, speaking about the expectations of the society.
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Bernard, Rix. Part IV The Role of Arbitrators in the Development of Shipping Law, 18 The Contribution of Arbitration to the Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757948.003.0018.
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This chapter reflects on the overall role of a maritime arbitrator. It emphasizes that the process of arbitrator selection tends to focus on their knowledge, experience, and expertise. They also have the duty to reason their awards—a duty owed not just to the losing party but perhaps more widely if one wishes to speak of a genuine transnational maritime law. The corollary of this is the need for transparency to ensure their accountability. While this might seem to conflict with the principle of confidentiality, this is probably because this principle is misunderstood: hearings should continue to be held in private to protect the confidentiality of evidence, however it does not necessarily follow that awards (appropriately anonymized) should be kept confidential ‘for all time’. As for the autonomy of the lex maritima itself, the chapter argues that one must not ignore its intimate and mutually enriching relationship with national laws.
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Delaney, Douglas E. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198704461.003.0001.
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The introduction sets the scope in terms of perspective and time span. This is an imperial history—from the time that imperial authorities decided to address seriously the military problems of the empire (1902) until the end of the last great imperial war effort (1945). These wide parameters are critical. Only by stepping outside the bounds of national histories can one appreciate the imperial ‘big picture’. After all, the interoperability of the imperial armies would not have been necessary were it not for imperial military problems. And only by taking a longer view can one see the full arc of the enterprise, which amounted to an imperial army project. British military authorities wanted a continental-type army, but one adapted to British imperial circumstances: British rejection of peacetime conscription, self-governing dominions, the non-contiguous nature of the empire, and the vast distances involved.
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Regalado, Samuel O. Transplanted Cherries. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037351.003.0003.
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This chapter documents the formative years of the Japanese in the United States, as well as the initial pioneers of Nikkei who came to prominence during this time. Though many would travel to the United States with optimism on their minds and baseball in their hearts, all of their optimism could not overshadow the depths of resentment Asians faced upon their arrival to North America. Among the many challenges this first generation (Issei) of immigrants faced, the Immigration Act of 1924 proved to be one of the direst. While depleting the Issei of what little rights they had, the Immigration Act also hastened the need to properly train their offspring, the Nisei, to understand and appreciate the trappings of their generation. Yet the Issei in many ways continued to thrive, and there are many among the first and second generations who continue to love baseball.
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Ezra, Michael. Jayhawk Pride. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037610.003.0012.
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In this chapter, the author recounts his journey from antagonism for University of Kansas (KU) basketball to appreciation and pride. Thanks to superb mentoring and his own maturation, the author realizes that some of the values he learned as an American studies graduate student—community building, teamwork, and the pursuit of excellence—explain the locals' commitment to and love for the Kansas Jayhawks. The author recalls the time he matriculated to KU, which is located in Lawrence, after living his first twenty-two years in New York, and how his initial misgivings about the school was replaced by eight years of fondness for the place he proudly called home. He then explains how he came to appreciate the significance of mentorship in his own life, at the same time that his attitude toward the KU basketball program softened and he became grateful for all its accomplishments. According to the author, his case illustrates how sport, community, and identity can be interconnected.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Biological Small Angle Scattering. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.001.0001.
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The technique of small angle solution scattering has been revolutionized in the last two decades. Exponential increases in computing power, parallel algorithm development, and the development of synchrotron, free-electron X-ray sources, and neutron sources, have combined to allow new classes of studies for biological specimens. These include time-resolved experiments in which functional motions of proteins are monitored on a picosecond timescale, and the first steps towards determining actual electron density fluctuations within particles. In addition, more traditional experiments involving the determination of size and shape, and contrast matching that isolate substructures such as nucleic acid, have become much more straightforward to carry out, and simultaneously require much less material. These new capabilities have sparked an upsurge of interest in solution scattering on the part of investigators in related disciplines. Thus, this book seeks to guide structural biologists to understand the basics of small angle solution scattering in both the X-ray and neutron case, to appreciate its strengths, and to be cognizant of its limitations. It is also directed at those who have a general interest in its potential. The book focuses on three areas: theory, practical aspects and applications, and the potential of developing areas. It is an introduction and guide to the field but not a comprehensive treatment of all the potential applications.
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Field, John. Therapeutic strategies in managing cardiac arrest. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0064.
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Emergency and critical care specialists are important interdisciplinary physicians who often impact on the long-term survival of patients sustaining cardiac arrest, as well as immediate outcomes. These specialists are often at the crossroads of survival for patients achieving return of spontaneous circulation, and it is important to appreciate that out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest patients represent different pathophysiological subgroups with respect to aetiology and pathophysiology. Important time-dependent triage and therapy are crucial, and efforts to identify and treat pathophysiological triggers share priority with the initiation of hypothermia protocols and other targeted interventions, such as coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Updated basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ACLS) protocols emphasize the importance of high quality chest compressions as central to achieving return of spontaneous circulation and emphasize that airway interventions should not detract from this objective. No specific ACLS intervention including intubation, vasopressor therapy or use of anti-arrhythmic agents has been found to improve outcome. The goal of both BLS and ACLS protocols is the achievement of return of spontaneous circulation, the prevention of re-arrest and the initiation of immediate post-resuscitation interventions associated with improved outcome. These include targeted temperature management (induced hypothermia) and coronary angiography for appropriate patients and ‘bundled’ critical care for all recognizing that the post-arrest state is a systemic inflammatory condition requiring multidisciplinary care beyond hypothermia and cardiovascular support.
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Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide. Adapted Version for the Caribbean. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123935.
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The Caribbean Development Bank and the Pan American Health Organization have developed this stress management guide to help people cope with adversity. The publication is an adaptation for the Caribbean of Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide, a World Health Organization publication to support implementation of its recommendations for stress management. This guide is for all who experience stress, ranging from parents and other caregivers to health professionals working in difficult situations. Informed by available evidence and extensive field testing, the guide provides information and practical skills to help cope with adversity. While the causes of adversity must be addressed, there is also a need to protect and support people’s mental health. This publication has five sections, each containing a new idea and technique to cope with stress. These are easy to learn and can be used for just a few minutes a day to help reduce stress. Readers can go through one section every few days and take time to practice the exercises and use the learning in the days in between. Another option is for them to read the book through once, applying whatever they can, and then read it again, taking more time to appreciate the ideas and practice the techniques. Practicing and applying the ideas to daily life is key for reducing stress. The guide can be read at home, during break or rest periods at work, before going to sleep, or at any other time when people might have a few moments to concentrate on taking care of themselves.
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Camp, Elisabeth. The Poetry of Emily Dickinson. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651190.001.0001.
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The six chapters of this volume collectively argue that Dickinson is an epistemically ambitious poet, who explores fundamental questions by advancing arguments with the purpose of convincing their audience. At the same time, Dickinson doesn’t just make philosophical claims, but demonstrates concretely how poetry can make a distinct contribution to philosophy, by exemplifying abstract ideas in tangible form and habituating readers into productive trains of thought. In this way, she doesn’t just make philosophical claims, but demonstrates how poetry can make a distinct contribution to philosophy. All of the essays in this volume, which are drawn from both philosophers and literary theorists, thus serve as a counterpoint to recent critical work, which has emphasized Dickinson’s anguished uncertainty, her nonconventional style, and the unsettled status of her manuscripts. On the view that emerges here, knowing is a form of hard, ongoing work, much like cleaning or lacemaking, but one for which poetry is a powerful, perhaps indispensable, tool.
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Hall, M. A. Play and Playfulness in Late Medieval Britain. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.50.
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Play and playfulness is a key element in enabling social performance and one that transcends ethnicity, time, and space across all social levels. This contribution explores board games as a case study of play and performance in the medieval period, in a European context. It highlights some of the key discoveries of gaming material culture and their diverse contexts: castles, monasteries, churches, villages, and ships included. These underpin questions of gender, identity, pilgrimage behaviour and ritual, and the life-course. Play, it is argued is fundamental to the performance and negotiation of agency in a range of gendered settings both secular and religious.
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Stewart, Edmund. Tragedy outside Attica c.500–450 BC. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747260.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 concerns performances of tragedy outside Athens in the first half of the fifth century. It considers firstly the contribution made by Doric dramatists in the Peloponnese and Sicily to the development of tragedy. Secondly, it examines the Sicilian context for the performance of plays by Aeschylus (and possibly Phrynichus). Sicily was a major destination for all poets at this time (including Simonides and Pindar) largely because of the patronage of the tyrants of Syracuse and Acragas. It is no surprise that Aeschylus also made the journey west. Finally, it shows why the Aetnaeae and Persians of Aeschylus, plays often associated with Sicily, should be viewed as fundamentally Panhellenic, or at least Pansicilian, in orientation.
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Balzaretti, Ross, Julia Barrow, and Patricia Skinner, eds. Italy and Early Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.001.0001.
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This volume encompasses a comprehensive collection of recent work in medieval Italian history and the archaeology of settlement and exchange by an international cast of contributors, arranged within a broad context of studies on other regions and on major historical transitions in Europe from c.400 to c.1400CE. Taking different approaches, all the contributors reflect on the contribution made to the field of medieval history by Chris Wickham, whose own work spans studies based on close archival work (focused on Tuscany and Lazio) to broad and ambitious statements on economic exchange and social transformation in the transition from Roman to medieval Europe, and the value of comparisons across time and space. The book is organized into four sections, reflecting Chris’s own interests in lords and peasants, texts and memory, economic resources and the spiritual economy.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Reproductive Failure. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0019.
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Human conception and pregnancy is both a vulnerable and a robust process. It is vulnerable in that a large proportion of all conceptions are chromosomally abnormal, with the great majority of such pregnancies aborting. It is robust in that more than 99% of the time, a term pregnancy results in a chromosomally normal baby; unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities are seen in less than 1% of newborns. This chapter considers the somewhat surprising vulnerability of the human species to chromosome abnormality, from prior to, at, and following conception. A remarkable fraction of pregnancy loss is due to chromosomal imbalance, and there is an associated maternal age effect. This chapter considers the chromosomal contribution to miscarriage, fetal death in utero, and perinatal death. Recurrent pregnancy loss may have a chromosomal basis, and male and female infertility may relate to abnormality of, in particular, the sex chromosomes. The genetics of hydatidiform mole is reviewed.
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Healey, Richard. Fundamentality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0013.
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The metaphor that fundamental physics is concerned to say what the natural world is like at the deepest level may be cashed out in terms of entities, properties, or laws. The role of quantum field theories in the Standard Model of high-energy physics suggests that fundamental entities, properties, and laws are to be sought in these theories. But the contextual ontology proposed in Chapter 12 would support no unified compositional structure for the world; a quantum state assignment specifies no physical property distribution sufficient even to determine all physical facts; and quantum theory posits no fundamental laws of time evolution, whether deterministic or stochastic. Quantum theory has made a revolutionary contribution to fundamental physics because its principles have permitted tremendous unification of science through the successful application of models constructed in conformity to them: but these models do not say what the world is like at the deepest level.
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Lambrugo, Claudia. From the Archaeology of Childhood to Modern Children Visiting Archaeological Museums. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.35.
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This chapter addresses three interconnected topics, beginning with a short overview of the archaeology of children and childhood in Italy, explaining how and why the Italian contribution to the topic has been very recent. The chapter then moves on to explore the relationship between modern children, Italian scholars of ancient history of art and archaeology, and museums; it notes that for a very long time Italian universities and museums have not been interested in developing didactic archaeology at all, especially when the spectators were children, whether of pre-school or older age. Finally, returning to children in the past, two noteworthy case studies of the presentation of ancient children at exhibitions are illustrated as an interesting point of convergence between current archaeological studies in Italy on childhood in the ancient world, and the newly generated need to communicate to the general public the result of research works.
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Smith, Matthew Wilson. The Prison House of Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0007.
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Zola’s 1873 stage adaptation of his novel Thérèse Raquin is generally considered the first Naturalist drama, which inspired the most famous Naturalist play, Strindberg’s Miss Julie. This chapter examines these plays in the context of the neurophysiological theories behind Zola and Strindberg’s conceptions of Naturalism. It argues that Zola’s Naturalism, like that of his scientific mentor Claude Bernard, attempts to balance a commitment to neurophysiological determinism with a commitment to independent scientific observation, producing an uneasy fault line in Thérèse Raquin. The chapter further depicts Miss Julie as an earthquake in the rift of Zola’s earlier Naturalism. Strindberg’s artistic innovations are partly grounded in the author’s refusal to reconcile the most disruptive neurological findings of his time with more acceptable ideas of objectivity, independence, and agency. Fully appreciating Strindberg’s artistic contribution requires understanding his intellectual debt to the neuropsychological researchers of his day, above all Charcot and Bernheim.
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Wils, Jean-Pierre, ed. Resonanz. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845288734.
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The time of theories on modernity of a philosophical and sociological nature has not yet expired by any means, as is sometimes presumed. On the contrary, our current era not only seems to almost need such theories but also to demand them. We are engaged in an ever-present search for a way of defining our situation and guidance with regard to the future. In his book 'Resonanz. Eine Soziologie der Weltbeziehung' (Resonance. A Sociology of our Relationship to the World), Hartmut Rosa speaks out on this issue and adopts an all-encompassing position on it. This book has met with such tremendous resonance that Rosa has clearly hit a nerve with it. Despite its academic nature and significance, it has attracted a readership that extends beyond the specialist audience for whom it was principally intended. Unsurprisingly, Rosa's book has triggered discussions both for and against his contentions, to which this study makes a significant contribution.
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Lasker, Daniel J. Jewish Philosophical Polemics Against Christianity in the Middle Ages: With a New Introduction. Liverpool University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113515.001.0001.
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This book is based on a comprehensive reading of philosophical arguments drawn from all the major Jewish sources, published and unpublished, from the Geonic period in the ninth century until the dawn of the Haskalah in the late eighteenth century. The core of the book is a detailed discussion of the four doctrines of Christianity whose rationality Jews thought they could definitively refute: trinity, incarnation, transubstantiation, and virgin birth. In each case, the book presents a succinct history of the Christian doctrine and then proceeds to a careful examination of the Jewish efforts to demonstrate its impossibility. The main text is written in a non-technical manner, with the Christian doctrines and the Jewish responses both carefully explained; the notes include long quotations, in Hebrew and Arabic as well as in English, from sources that are not readily available in English. At the time of its original publication in 1977, this book was regarded as a major contribution to a relatively neglected area of medieval Jewish intellectual history; the new, wide-ranging introduction surveys and summarizes subsequent scholarship, and re-establishes its position as a major work.
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Bear, IJ, T. Biegler, and TR Scott. Alumina to Zirconia. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104884.
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Alumina to Zirconia is a history of the CSIRO Division of Mineral Chemistry, and tells the story of a significant part of Australia's mineral heritage.
This history draws on the authors' long associations with the Division, anecdotal material, scattered records and photographs. What unfolds is a fascinating history of the Division of Mineral Chemistry, from its war-time origins as the Minerals Utilization Section in 1940, through several organisational changes under the guidance of four chiefs, until the end of 1987, when the name of the Division was changed to Mineral Products.
In telling the story, Dr Joy Bear and her co-authors outline many of the main projects undertaken, highlight the achievements as well as the difficulties encountered in both the scientific and technological research itself, and in the commercialisation of newly developed processes. They also acknowledge the vital contributions of support staff, and acknowledge the close association of the Division with, and the contribution to research by, the Australian minerals industry. This is a story of scientific and technological achievement of the highest order.
Alumina to Zirconia is essential reading for all those interested in the history of Australian science and its role in supporting the development of Australia's world class minerals industry.
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Robinson, Robb. Fishermen, the Fishing Industry and the Great War at Sea. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941756.001.0001.
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Recent discussion, academic publications and many of the national exhibitions relating to the Great War at sea have focused on capital ships, Jutland and perhaps U-boats. Very little has been published about the crucial role played by fishermen, fishing vessels and coastal communities all round the British Isles. Yet fishermen and armed fishing craft were continually on the maritime front line throughout the conflict; they formed the backbone of the Auxiliary Patrol and were in constant action against U-boats or engaged on unrelenting minesweeping duties. Approximately 3000 fishing vessels were requisitioned and armed by the Admiralty and more than 39,000 fishermen joined the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve. The class and cultural gap between working fishermen and many RN officers was enormous. This book examines the multifaceted role that fishermen and the fish trade played throughout the conflict. It examines the reasons why, in an age of dreadnoughts and other high-tech military equipment, so many fishermen and fishing vessels were called upon to play such a crucial role in the littoral war against mines and U-boats, not only around the British Isles but also off the coasts of various other theatres of war. The book analyses the nature of the fishing industry's war-time involvement and also the contribution that non-belligerent fishing vessels continued to play in maintaining the beleaguered nation's food supplies.
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Sparti, Davide. On the Edge. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.020.
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While all human agency unfolds with a certain degree of improvisation, there are specific cultural practices in which improvisation plays an even more relevant role. Among these, jazz offers a privileged site for understanding how improvisation operates, offering the opportunity to find within it a frame of reference that might be related to other genres and modes of creation. This contribution, as Wittgenstein would say, has a “grammatical” design to it. It proposes to clarify the significance of the term “improvisation” by reflecting upon theconditionsthat make the practice possible. Rather than calling forth mysterious processes that take place in the unconscious or in the minds of musicians, the focus is on the criteria that must be satisfied before one may accurately ascribe to an act the concept of improvisation. By comparing the practice of improvisation to the notion a musical “work,” five such criteria are established: inseparability, irreversibility, situationality, originality, and responsiveness. The last part of this chapter offers an insight into the improvising dynamic. Unlike a composer in the domain of classical music, who works from a plan looking ahead, improvising musicians cannot by definition look ahead. Yet they can look behind at what has already been played, and respond to it, extending the logic of the previous phrases, shaping a form retrospectively, blending the emergent with the intended. Hence any musical statement emerging during a performance is at the same time a constraint and a springboard for the following statement.
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Sizemore, Michelle. American Enchantment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627539.001.0001.
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This book investigates the post-revolutionary rituals and discourses of enchantment, a category of mystical experience uniquely capable of producing new forms of popular power and social affiliation. American Enchantment views this phenomenon as a response to a signature problem in post-revolutionary culture: how to represent the people in the absence of the king’s body and other traditional monarchical forms. In the early United States, this absence inaugurates new attempts to conjure the people and to reconstruct the symbolic order. For many in this era, these efforts converge on enchantment. This pattern appears in works by Charles Brockden Brown, Washington Irving, Catharine Sedgwick, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, as well as in the rites of George Washington’s presidency, the religious prophecy of the Second Great Awakening, the tar and featherings of the Whiskey Rebellion, and other ritual practices such as romance reading. Recognizing the role of enchantment in constituting the people overturns some of our most commonsense assumptions: above all, the people are not simply a flesh-and-blood substance but also a supernatural force. This project makes a significant contribution to interdisciplinary scholarship on the symbolic foundations of sovereignty by arguing that the new popular sovereignty is no longer an embodied presence fixed in space—in a king, nor even in a president, an individual, a group of persons, or the state—but a numinous force dispersed through time. That is, the people, counter to all traditional thought, are a supernatural and temporal process.
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Lloyd, Howell A. Jean Bodin, ‘This Pre-eminent Man of France’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800149.001.0001.
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This book presents the only rounded treatment of a key figure in the intellectual history of France and Europe. Jean Bodin (1529/30–1596), jurist, associate of kings and courtiers, and participant in key political events, was the author of works of lasting interest and enduring significance in the fields of political science, historical writing, witchcraft, and a great deal else besides. Best known for his contribution to formulating the modern doctrine of sovereignty, Bodin has also been credited with developing the quantity theory of money and with advocating religious toleration at a decidedly unpropitious time. Yet, while certain aspects of his thought have long attracted and continue to receive a great deal of lively attention, no attempt has been made until now to approach this challenging thinker on a broad front, to consider all his writings, major and minor, and to examine his ideas contextually and in the round. That is precisely what is offered in this deeply researched and wide-ranging study. Deploying a multilingual array of source materials, it devotes particular attention to Bodin’s own use of sources and modes of discourse in the course of analysing each of his works in turn and in considerable detail. And, beyond Bodin himself and his writings, the book sheds far-reaching light on the intellectual world of the late Renaissance writ large—a dynamic environment shaped through the interaction of multiple traditions of thought.
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Levinson, Marjorie. Thinking Through Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810315.001.0001.
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This is a work of and about literary criticism. Its title signals a contribution to debates about reading. We think “through”—“by means of,” “with”—poems, sympathetically elaborating their surfaces. We “think through” poems to their end—solving a problem, getting to their roots. And we “think through” to “go beyond,” in a philosophical, speculative criticism to which the poem carries us. All three meanings of “through” are in play throughout. The subtitle applies “field” first to Romantic studies—offering new readings of canonical British Romantic poems to address contemporary topics (depth vs. surface, formalism’s return, materialism, theory vs. history of lyric), and narrating, enacting, and conceptualizing the arc of the field’s scholarship since the 1980s. Examples are drawn especially from Wordsworth, but also from Coleridge and, for Romanticism’s afterlife, from Stevens. In addition, “field” indicates the shift during that time-span from a unitary to a field-concept of form, a concept that synthesizes form and history, privileges analytic scale, and displaces entity (text) by “relation” as object of investigation. Connecting early 19th-century intellectual trends to antecedents in Spinoza and related 20th/21st-century revolutions in the postclassical sciences, the book introduces new models to literary study. Unlike accounts of science’s influence on literature, or various “literature + X” approaches (literature and ecology, literature and cognitive science), it constructs its object in a way cognate with work in non-humanities disciplines, thus highlighting a certain unity to knowledge. The claim is that literary critics can renew understanding of their own field by studying the thinking of certain scientific communities.
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Bennister, Mark, Ben Worthy, and Paul 't Hart, eds. The Leadership Capital Index. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This edited book will make an important, timely, and innovative contribution to the now flourishing academic discipline of political leadership studies. We have developed a conceptual framework of leadership capital and a diagnostic tool—the Leadership Capital Index (LCI)—to measure and evaluate the fluctuating nature of leadership capital. Differing amounts of leadership capital, a combination of skills, relations, and reputation, allow leaders to succeed or fail. This book brings together leading international scholars to engage with the concept of “leadership capital” and apply the LCI to a variety of comparative case studies. The LCI offers a comprehensive yet parsimonious and easily applicable ten-point matrix to examine leadership authority over time and in different political contexts. In each case, leaders “spend” and put their “stock” of authority and support at risk. United States president, Lyndon Johnson, arm-twisting Congress to put into effect civil rights legislation, Tony Blair taking the United Kingdom into the invasion of Iraq, Angela Merkel committing Germany to a generous reception of refugees: all ‘spent capital’ to forge public policy they believed in. We are interested in how office-holders acquire, consolidate, risk, and lose such capital. This volume concentrates predominantly on elected ‘chief executives’ at the national level, including majoritarian and consensus systems, multiple and singular cases. We also consider some presidential and sub-national cases. The purpose of the exercise is indeed exploratory: the chapters are a series of plausibility probes, to see how the LCI framework ‘performs’ as a descriptive and analytical tool.
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Brody, Robert. Sa'adyah Gaon. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113881.001.0001.
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Sa'adyah Gaon was an outstanding tenth-century Jewish thinker — a prominent rabbi, philosopher, and exegete. He was a pioneer in the fields in which he toiled, and was an inspiration and basis for later Jewish writing in all these areas. The last major English-language study of his work was published in 1921, long before Genizah research changed the understanding of the time in which he lived. This work, covering Sa'adyah's biography and his main areas of creativity in an accessible way, is a reassessment of an outstanding figure. The opening chapter, on the geonic period that formed the background to Sa'adyah's life, is followed by an overview that brings out the revolutionary aspects of his work and the characteristic features of his writings. Subsequent chapters consider his philosophical works; his Bible commentaries; his pioneering linguistic work; his poetry; his halakhic activity; and his activity as a polemicist, notably against the Karaites. An epilogue sums up his importance in medieval Jewish culture. Particularly valuable features of the book are the copious quotations from Sa'adyah's works, which facilitate familiarity with his style as well as his ideas; the clarity in presenting complex and difficult concepts; the constant assessment of his relationship to his predecessors in his various fields of study and his own unique contributions to each field; and the contextualization of his contribution within the political, cultural, and religious climate of his times so that both revolutionary and conservative elements in his thought can be identified and evaluated.
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Rapoport-Albert, Ada, ed. Hasidism Reappraised. Liverpool University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774204.001.0001.
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Hasidism has been a seminal force and source of controversy in the Jewish world since its inception in the second half of the eighteenth century. Indeed, almost every ideological trend that has made itself felt among Jews since that time has claimed to have derived some inspiration from this vibrant movement. While this is sure testimony to its vitality and originality, it has also given rise to many misconceptions as to what hasidism is about. This book offers a wide-ranging treatment of the subject in all its aspects. The book encompasses a complete field of modern scholarship in a discipline that is central to the understanding of modern Jewish history and the contemporary Jewish world. The book is dedicated to the memory of Joseph Weiss, and its opening section assesses his contribution to the study of hasidism in the context of his relationship with Gershom Scholem and Scholem's long-standing influence on the field. The remaining chapters are arranged thematically under seven headings: the social history of hasidism; the social functions of mystical ideals in the hasidic movement; distinctive outlooks and schools of thought within hasidism; the hasidic tale; the history of hasidic historiography; contemporary hasidism; and the present state of research on hasidism. The book also incorporates an extensive introduction that places the various articles in their intellectual context, as well as a bibliography of hasidic sources and contemporary scholarly literature. It shows an intellectual world at an important juncture in its development and points to the direction in which scholarly study of hasidism is likely to develop in the years to come.
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Spiro, Peter J. Citizenship. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190917302.001.0001.
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Almost everyone has citizenship, and yet it has emerged as one of the most hotly contested issues of contemporary politics. Even as cosmopolitan elites and human rights advocates aspire to some notion of “global citizenship,” populism and nativism have re-ignited the importance of national citizenship. Either way, the meaning of citizenship is changing. Citizenship once represented solidarities among individuals committed to mutual support and sacrifice, but as it is decoupled from national community on the ground, it is becoming more a badge of privilege than a marker of equality. Intense policy disagreement about whether to extend birthright citizenship to the children of unauthorized immigrants opens a window on other citizenship-related developments. At the same time that citizenship is harder to get for some, for others it is literally available for purchase. The exploding incidence of dual citizenship, meanwhile, is moving us away from a world in which states jealously demanded exclusive affiliation, to one in which individuals can construct and maintain formal multinational identities. Citizenship does not mean the same thing to everyone, nor have states approached citizenship policy in lockstep. Rather, global trends point to a new era for citizenship as an institution. In Citizenship: What Everyone Needs to Know®, legal scholar Peter J. Spiro explains citizenship through accessible terms and questions: what citizenship means, how you obtain citizenship (and how you lose it), how it has changed through history, what benefits citizenship gets you, and what obligations it extracts from you--all in comparative perspective. He addresses how citizenship status affects a person's rights and obligations, what it means to be stateless, the refugee crisis, and whether or not countries should terminate the citizenship of terrorists. He also examines alternatives to national citizenship, including sub-national and global citizenship, and the phenomenon of investor citizenship. Spiro concludes by considering whether nationalist and extremist politics will lead to a general retreat from state-based forms of association and the end of citizenship as we know it. Ultimately, Spiro provides historical and critical perspective to a concept that is a part of our everyday discourse, providing a crucial contribution to our understanding of a central organizing principle of the modern world.
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Bausell, R. Barker. The Problem with Science. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536537.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of how a cadre of dedicated, iconoclastic scientists raised the awareness of a long-recognized preference for publishing positive, eye-catching, but irreproducible results to the status of a genuine scientific crisis. Most famously encapsulated in 2005 by John Ioannidis’s iconic title, “Why Most Published Research Findings Are False,” awareness of the seriousness of the crisis itself was in full bloom sometime around 2011–2012, when a veritable flood of supporting empirical and methodological work began appearing in the scientific literature detailing both the extent of the crisis and how it could be ameliorated. Perhaps most importantly were a number of mass replications of large sets of published psychology experiments (100 in all) by the Open Science Collaboration, preclinical cancer experiments (53) that a large pharmaceutical company considered sufficiently promising to pursue if the original results were reproducible, and 67 similarly promising studies upon which an even larger pharmaceutical company decided to replicate prior to initiating the expense and time-consuming developmental process. Shockingly, less than 50% of these 220 study results could be replicated, thereby providing unwelcomed evidence that John Ioannidis’s projections (and others performed both earlier and later) that more than half of published scientific results were false and could not be reproduced by other scientists. Fortunately, a plethora of practical, procedural behaviors accompanied these demonstrations and projects that were quite capable of greatly reducing the prevalence of future irreproducible results. Therefore the primary purpose of this book is use these impressive labors of hundreds of methodologically oriented scientists to provide guidance to practicing and aspiring scientists regarding how (a) to change the way in which science has historically been both conducted and reported in order to avoid producing false-positive, irreproducible results in their own work and, (b) ultimately, to change those institutional practices (primarily but not exclusively involving the traditional journal publishing process and the academic reward system) that have unwittingly contributed to the present crisis. For what is actually needed is nothing less than a change in the scientific culture itself to one that will prioritize conducting research correctly in order to get things right rather than simply to get published. Hopefully this book can make a small contribution to that end.
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Finch, Jonathan. Capability Brown, Royal Gardener: The Business of Place-Making in Northern Europe. Edited by Jan Woudstra. White Rose University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/capabilitybrown.
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Lancelot “Capability” Brown was one of the most influential landscape designers of the eighteenth-century at a time when Britain was changing radically from an agrarian to an industrial and colonial nation, whilst Europe was periodically convulsed by war and revolution. The extent and nature of his influence are, however, fiercely debated. Brown worked at hundreds of important sites across England and his name became synonymous with the “English Garden” style which was copied across Northern Europe and entranced Catherine the Great, who remodelled her landscapes in St Petersburg to reflect the new style. He was fêted in his time, and recognised by the Crown, but Brown’s style was readily copied over his later life and particularly after his death. Arguably, this ubiquity led to the denigration of his achievements and even his character, particularly by the agents of the Picturesque. The lack of any personal primary material from Brown - forcing scholars to rely on his landscapes, contracts and bank accounts - has hindered attempts to provide a rounded and credible account of the man and his works. However, by exploring his team of associates and his role as Royal Gardener, new light can be thrown on the man, his landscapes and his landscape legacy. Bringing together a number of perspectives from across Northern Europe, Capability Brown, Royal Gardener explores the lasting international impact of Brown. With Brown’s position as Royal Gardener at its heart, this book explores for the first time his business methods, working methods and European influence. It assesses how, crucially, Brown’s work practices placed him within the world of nurserymen and landscape designers, and how his business practices and long term relationships with draughtsmen and designers allowed him to manage a huge number of projects and a substantial financial turnover. This, in turn, allowed him to work in a way that promoted and advanced his style of landscape. Edited by Professor Jonathan Finch (University of York) and Dr Jan Woudstra (University of Sheffield), and with a varied range of engaging contributors drawn internationally from archaeology, art history, history and landscape architecture, Capability Brown, Royal Gardener weaves together strands from across a broad range of disciplinary interests. It makes an important contribution to the scholarly discussion of Brown’s work, the work of his collaborators, and legacy in the UK and across Northern Europe. Relevant to students and academics at all levels, this volume throws new light on Capability Brown and his impact on the business of place-making in Northern Europe.
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Eyre, Janet. Clinical approach to developmental neurology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0171.
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The objectives and principles of neurological history and examination in children are the same as those in adults. This chapter therefore, will not provide an all-encompassing description of the neurological assessment of children, but highlights where the approach must differ substantially from that used in adults. Further it aims to provide a practical and useful approach to the examination of children, who may be preverbal and certainly will show less stamina for cooperation than adults. Of course as children get older, the examination can become more conventional and systematized. By adolescence the examination can be the same as the adult examination.The first and overriding factor for success is to be flexible and to make observations when the opportunity arises rather than to wait for abnormalities to arise during the course of a more systematic approach. Nonetheless a systematic approach to recording these results is essential, so as to bring together related observations made disparately in time. The history is of paramount importance in guiding the examination. Since it is unlikely that you will be able to complete a full examination, it is important to prioritize the observations needed in light of a differential diagnosis before you begin examining. Rather than rushing straight into the examination it is rewarding to gain a young child’s confidence by playing briefly with them. Also, instead of insisting on examining the child on a couch, it helps to become adept at examining young children on their parent’s or caretaker’s knee. Finally, no matter how cooperative a child is, potentially disturbing investigations should be left until last, including tendon reflexes or examination of the tongue, fundi, and ears. Otherwise all subsequent cooperation from the child may be lost after these examinations.The examination room environment is the key to a successful neurological examination and requires careful thought. There should be sufficient space to accommodate families and for the children to play. The room needs to be friendly and conducive to encouraging play. It needs to be equipped with carefully selected toys, pictures, pencils and paper, and books of interest to children over a wide age range. Observation of the child’s play whilst you are taking a history from the parents or caregivers will allow assessment of the child’s motor skills and developmental stage. Their use of play material can yield important clues to the nature of a deficit, by revealing ataxia, weakness, involuntary movements, tics, or spasticity. Play also provides an opportunity to assess the child’s behaviour, for instance their impulsivity, distractibility, and attention span. Interaction of the child with parents or caregivers can be observed also. If the child participates actively in the history taking, their understanding and contribution to the session allows you to make assessments of their language and intellectual skills.