Journal articles: 'I.D. Weeks Library'

1

Pegion, Kathy, Ben P. Kirtman, Emily Becker, Dan C. Collins, Emerson LaJoie, Robert Burgman, Ray Bell, et al. "The Subseasonal Experiment (SubX): A Multimodel Subseasonal Prediction Experiment." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 10 (October 2019): 2043–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0270.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) is a multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment designed around operational requirements with the goal of improving subseasonal forecasts. Seven global models have produced 17 years of retrospective (re)forecasts and more than a year of weekly real-time forecasts. The reforecasts and forecasts are archived at the Data Library of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, providing a comprehensive database for research on subseasonal to seasonal predictability and predictions. The SubX models show skill for temperature and precipitation 3 weeks ahead of time in specific regions. The SubX multimodel ensemble mean is more skillful than any individual model overall. Skill in simulating the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), two sources of subseasonal predictability, is also evaluated, with skillful predictions of the MJO 4 weeks in advance and of the NAO 2 weeks in advance. SubX is also able to make useful contributions to operational forecast guidance at the Climate Prediction Center. Additionally, SubX provides information on the potential for extreme precipitation associated with tropical cyclones, which can help emergency management and aid organizations to plan for disasters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Asbaghi, Omid, Mohammad Khosroshahi, Sara Kashkooli, and Amir Abbasnezhad. "Effect of Calcium‑Vitamin D Co‑Supplementation on Insulin, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials." Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 05 (May 2019): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0887-0205.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of calcium-vitamin D co‑supplementation on insulin, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia. A systematic search was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane library without any language and time restriction up to 12 August 2018, to retrieve the RCTs, which examined the effect of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-B, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random effects model, and I2 indexes were used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Search yielded 2225 publications. Twelve RCTs with 4395 patients were eligible. Results demonstrated that calcium and vitamin D co‑supplementation had significantly reducing effects on FBG, HOMA-IR and circulating levels of insulin. As the subgroup analysis demonstrated, short-term (≤12 weeks) calcium and vitamin D co‑supplementation had a significant reducing effect on FBG. However, beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D co‑supplementation on circulating level of insulin and HOMA-IR were seen in both short-term and long-term (>12 weeks) supplementations. Furthermore, we found that high doses of vitamin D and calcium co-supplementation (vitamin D≥2000 mg/day and calcium≥1000 mg/day) had significantly reducing effects on FBG, HOMA-IR and insulin. Present meta-analysis indicated the beneficial effects of high-dose and short-term combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation on insulin, insulin resistance and glycemia; however, further large-scale RCTs with adequate and multiple dosing schedules are needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Yu, Yanting, Liqiang Tian, Yanyu Xiao, Guowei Huang, and Meilin Zhang. "Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 73, no. 1 (2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490358.

Full text

Abstract:

Background/Aims: The mechanism, by which vitamin D influences inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is not very well known. Thus, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on some inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM subjects. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials from PubMed and the Cochrane Library in October 2017 and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects. Results: We identified 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the vitamin D supplementation significant decreased the hs-CRP level by 0.45 μg/mL, whereas the vitamin D supplementation did not influence the TNF-α and IL-6. Subgroup analysis showed that vitamin D significantly lowered hs-CRP by 0.34 μg/mL among trials with a daily vitamin D dose ≤4,000 IU and by 0.31 μg/mL among trials with time of vitamin D supplementation > 12 weeks. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for the reduction of hs-CRP inT2DM subjects but does not have a significant influence on TNF-α and IL-6 in T2DM subjects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mikhailidis, Dimitri, Anetta Undas, Gregory Lip, Paul Muntner, Vera Bittner, Kausik Ray, Gerald Watts, et al. "Association between statin use and plasma D-dimer levels." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 114, no. 09 (2015): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-11-0937.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryD-dimers, specific breakdown fragments of cross-linked fibrin, are generally used as circulating markers of activated coagulation. Statins influence haemostatic factors, but their effect on plasma D-dimer levels is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between statin therapy and plasma D-dimer levels. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus and EMBASE (up to September 25, 2014) to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of statin therapy on plasma D-dimer levels. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. Meta-analysis of data from nine RCTs with 1,165 participants showed a significant effect of statin therapy in reducing plasma D-dimer levels (standardised mean difference [SMD]: –0.988 µg/ml, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: –1.590 – –0.385, p=0.001). The effect size was robust in sensitivity analysis and omission of no single study significantly changed the overall estimated effect size. In the subgroup analysis, the effect of statins on plasma D-dimer levels was significant only in the subsets of studies with treatment duration ≥ 12 weeks (SMD: –0.761 µg/ml, 95 %CI: –1.163– –0.360; p< 0.001), and for lipophilic statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin) (SMD: –1.364 µg/ml, 95 % CI: –2.202– –0.526; p=0.001). Hydrophilic statins (pravastatin and rosuvastatin) did not significantly reduce plasma D-dimer levels (SMD: –0.237 µg/ml, 95 %CI: –1.140–0.665, p=0.606). This meta-analysis of RCTs suggests a decrease of plasma D-dimer levels after three months of statin therapy, and especially after treatment with lipophilic statins. Well-designed trials are required to validate these results.Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Garety, Philippa, Thomas Ward, Richard Emsley, Kathryn Greenwood, Daniel Freeman, David Fowler, Elizabeth Kuipers, Paul Bebbington, Graham Dunn, and Amy Hardy. "Digitally supported CBT to reduce paranoia and improve reasoning for people with schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis: the SlowMo RCT." Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation 8, no. 11 (August 2021): 1–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/eme08110.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Reasoning may play a causal role in paranoid delusions in psychosis. SlowMo, a new digitally supported cognitive–behavioural therapy, targets reasoning to reduce paranoia. Objectives To examine the effectiveness of SlowMo therapy in reducing paranoia and in improving reasoning, quality of life and well-being, and to examine its mechanisms of action, moderators of effects and acceptability. Design A parallel-arm, assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial comparing SlowMo plus treatment as usual with treatment as usual alone. An online independent system randomised eligible participants (1 : 1) using randomly varying permuted blocks, stratified by site and paranoia severity. Setting Community mental health services in three NHS mental health trusts in England, plus patient identification centres. Participants A total of 362 participants with schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis. Eligibility criteria comprised distressing and persistent (≥ 3 months) paranoia. Interventions Eight face-to-face SlowMo sessions over 12 weeks plus treatment as usual, or treatment as usual alone (control group). Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was paranoia measured by the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale and its revised version, together with observer-rated measures of persecutory delusions (The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusion scale and delusion items from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms). The secondary outcome measures were reasoning (measures of belief flexibility, jumping to conclusions, and fast and slow thinking), well-being, quality of life, schemas, service use and worry. Results A total of 362 participants were recruited between 1 May 2017 and 14 May 2019: 181 in the SlowMo intervention group and 181 in the treatment-as-usual (control) group. One control participant subsequently withdrew. In total, 325 (90%) participants provided primary Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale outcome data at 12 weeks (SlowMo, n = 162; treatment as usual, n = 163). A total of 145 (80%) participants in the SlowMo group completed all eight therapy sessions. SlowMo was superior to treatment as usual in reducing paranoia on all three measures used: Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale total at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.51; p = 0.005) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval –0.02 to 0.40; p = 0.063); Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusions at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.78; p = 0.002) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.80; p = 0.001); and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms persecutory delusions at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.84; p = 0.035) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.94; p = 0.009). Reasoning (belief flexibility, possibility of being mistaken and Fast and Slow Thinking Questionnaire measure) improved, but jumping to conclusions did not improve. Worry, quality of life, well-being and self-concept also improved, improving most strongly at 24 weeks. Baseline characteristics did not moderate treatment effects. Changes in belief flexibility and worry mediated changes in paranoia. Peer researcher-led qualitative interviews confirmed positive experiences of the therapy and technology. Nineteen participants in the SlowMo group and 21 participants in the treatment-as-usual group reported 54 adverse events (51 serious events, no deaths). Limitations The trial included treatment as usual as the comparator and, thus, the trial design did not control for the effects of time with a therapist. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest trial of a psychological therapy for paranoia in people with psychosis and the first trial using a brief targeted digitally supported therapy. High rates of therapy uptake demonstrated acceptability. It was effective for paranoia, comparable to longer therapy, and equally effective for people with different levels of negative symptoms and working memory. Mediators were improvements in belief flexibility and worry. Our results suggest that targeting reasoning helps paranoia. Future work Further examination of SlowMo mechanisms of action and implementation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN32448671. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) partnership. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 8, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Newton Miller, Laura. "First Year Medical Students Use Library Resources Emphasized During Instruction Sessions." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8f316.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective – To determine if library instruction has an effect on resources cited in student reports. Design – Citation analysis. Setting – The study took place in the medical school of a large American university. Subjects - One hundred eighteen of 120 first-year medical student reports were analyzed. Two reports did not include any works cited and were excluded from the study. Methods - Over the course of 3 years, 15 20-minute library instruction sessions were conducted. The sessions, based on five clinical cases presented each year were conducted approximately two weeks before each report due date. Eighty-five case-specific resources were demonstrated, with teaching plans being modified from year to year based on the frequency of citation of a particular resource cited the prior year. A LibGuide online course guide also directed students to specific resources shown in the class, with content updated every year based on citation trends from the previous year. Every citation referenced in a report was then categorized into a) those that were discussed during an instruction session, b) those found on a course guide, c) those accessible through the library, d) those available from course material (i.e., PowerPoint presentation, lecture notes), or e) those which did not fall under any of the other categories. A citation could be included in multiple categories. Main Results – The 118 reports included 2983 citations. Over the 3 year period, an average of 77.51% of all citations were from library resources, 49.55% of the citations from a resource demonstrated in the class, and 21.68% from resources found in the course guide. Although citations from sources discussed in class did not increase significantly from year to year, the percent of citations from resources on the course guide significantly increased from 19.40% to 25.63%. Conclusion – Medical students cite library resources emphasized during instruction sessions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ganshorn, Heather. "Library and Informatics Training May Improve Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8261t.

Full text

Abstract:

A review of: Eldredge, Jonathan D., et al. “The Effect of Training on Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of the Medical Library Association 96.4 (2008): 299-309. 28 Aug 2009 . Objectives – To determine whether providing library and informatics training to public health professionals would increase the number and sophistication of work-related questions asked by these workers. Design – Randomised controlled trial. Setting – New Mexico Department of Health. Subjects – Public health professionals from a variety of professions, including administrators, nursing professionals, nutritionists, epidemiologists, physicians, social workers, and others. Methods – All subjects received a three-hour training session on finding evidence-based public health information, with a focus on using PubMed. Two sessions were offered, two weeks apart. Participants were randomised to either an intervention group, which received instruction on the first date, or a control group, which received instruction on the second date. The intervening two weeks constitute the study period, in which both groups were surveyed by e-mail about their work-related question generation. Three times per week, subjects received e-mail reminders asking them to submit survey responses regarding all questions that had arisen in their practice, along with information about their attempts to answer them. Questions were tallied, and totals were compared between the two groups. Questions were also analysed for level of sophistication, and classified by the investigators as “background” questions, which are asked when one has little knowledge of the field, and can usually be answered using textbooks or other reference sources; and “foreground” questions, which are often asked when an individual is familiar with the subject, and looking for more sophisticated information that is usually found in journals and similar sources. This scheme for classifying questions was developed by Richardson and Mulrow (2001). Main Results The investigators found differences in both the number and sophistication of the questions asked between the control and intervention groups. The control group averaged only 0.69 questions per participant during the two-week observation period, while the intervention group averaged 1.24 questions. Investigators also found that a higher percentage of the questions asked by the intervention group were foreground questions (50.0%, versus 42.9%) for the control group. However, when two-tailed t-test analysis was performed on both the frequency of questions and the level of sophistication, the findings were no statistically significant within a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion This study suggests that library and informatics training for public health professionals may increase the number of questions that they ask on work-related topics, and also the sophistication of these questions. However, more studies need to be done to confirm these findings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Choi, Munji, Seongmin Park, and Myoungsook Lee. "L-Carnitine’s Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092795.

Full text

Abstract:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess L-carnitine supplements’ influence on the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and CINAHL were used to collect RCT studies published prior to February 2020. RCT studies were included if they had at least one of the following biomarker outcome measurements: waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), or high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc). Nine of twenty studies with adequate methodological quality were included in this meta-analysis. The dose of L-carnitine supplementation administered varied between 0.75 and 3 g/day for durations of 8–24 weeks. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced WC and systolic BP (SBP), with no significant effects on FBS, TG, and HDLc. We found that L-carnitine supplementation at a dose of more than 1 g/d significantly reduced FBS and TG and increased HDLc. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation is correlated with a significant reduction of WC and BP. A dose of 1–3 g/d could improve the biomarkers of MetSyn by reducing FBS and TG and increasing HDLc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kaari, Jennifer. "European Academic Libraries Offer or Plan to Offer Research Data Services." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29416.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Tenopir, C., Talja, S., Horstmann, W., Late, E., Hughes, D., Pollock, D., … Allard, S. (2017). Research data services in European academic research libraries. LIBER Quarterly, 27(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10180 Abstract Objective – To investigate the current state of research data services (RDS) in European academic libraries by determining the types of RDS being currently implemented and planned by these institutions. Design – Email survey. Setting – European academic research libraries. Subjects – 333 directors of the Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) academic member libraries. Methods – The researchers revised a survey instrument previously used for the DataONE survey of North American research libraries and conducted pilot testing with European academic library directors. The survey instrument was created using the Qualtrics software. The revised survey was distributed by email to LIBER institutions identified as academic libraries by the researchers and remained open for 6 weeks. Question topics included demographics, RDS currently offered, RDS planned, staffing considerations, and the director’s opinions on RDS. Libraries from 22 countries participated and libraries were grouped into 4 regions in order to compare regional differences. Data analysis was conducted using Excel, SPSS or R software University of Tennessee, University of Tampere, and University of Göttingen. Main Results – 119 library directors responded to more than one question beyond basic demographics, for a response rate of 35.7%. Among the libraries surveyed, more libraries offer consultative services than offered technical support for RDS, although a majority planned to offer technical services in the future. Geographically, libraries in western Europe offer more RDS compared with other regions. More libraries have reassigned or plan to reassign current staff to support RDS services, rather than hire new staff for these roles. Regardless of whether or not they currently offer RDS, library directors surveyed strongly agree that libraries need to offer RDS to remain relevant. Conclusion – The authors determine that a majority of library directors recognize that data management is increasingly important and many libraries are responding to this by implementing RDS and collaborating across their institutions and beyond to help meet these needs. Future research is suggested to track how these services develop over time, how libraries respond to the staffing challenges of RDS, and whether consultative rather than technical services continue to be primary forms of RDS offered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kim, Jihoon, and Darla M. Castelli. "Effects of Gamification on Behavioral Change in Education: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073550.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Gamified reward systems, such as providing digital badges earned for specific accomplishments, are related to student engagement in educational settings. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic review to quantify the effects of gamified interventions on student behavioral change. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: The Academic Search Complete, Communication & Mass Media Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Library Information Science & Technology Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Inclusion in the review required: (a) peer-reviewed conducted between 2010 and 2019, (b) experimental controlled design, (c) gamification elements, and (d) educational setting. Results: Using a random-effects model, a statistically significant (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.62) gamification effect was evidenced by moderate and positive grand effects sizes (ES). Gamification effects were higher with adults in higher education (ES = 0.95) than K-12 students (ES = 0.92). Brief interventions delivered in days or less than 1 week were significantly more effective (ES = 1.57) than interventions lasting up to 20 weeks (ES = 0.30). Interventions incorporating gamification elements across years (ES = −0.20) was adversely associated with behavioral change. Conclusions: Findings suggest that short-term over longer-term gamified interventions might be a promising way to initiate changes in learner’s behaviors and improve learning outcome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Brandish, Philip E., Chi-Sung Chiu, Jonathan Schneeweis, Nicholas J. Brandon, Clare L. Leech, Oleg Kornienko, Edward M. Scolnick, Berta Strulovici, and Wei Zheng. "A Cell-Based Ultra-High-Throughput Screening Assay for Identifying Inhibitors of D-Amino Acid Oxidase." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2006): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106288181.

Full text

Abstract:

Enzymes are often considered less “druggable” targets than ligand-regulated proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, or other hormone receptors. Reasons for this include cellular location (intracellular vs. cell surface), typically lower affinities for the binding of small molecules compared to ligand-specific receptors, and binding (catalytic) sites that are often charged or highly polar. A practical drawback to the discovery of compounds targeting enzymes is that screening of compound libraries is typically carried out in cell-free activity assays using purified protein in an inherently artificial environment. Cell-based assays, although often arduous to design for enzyme targets, are the preferred discovery tool for the screening of large compound libraries. The authors have recently described a novel cell-based approach to screening for inhibitors of a phosphatase enzyme and now report on the development and implementation of a homogeneous 3456-well plate assay for D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). Human DAO was stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and its activity was measured as the amount of hydrogen peroxide detected in the growth medium following feeding the cells with D-serine. In less than 12 weeks, the authors proved the concept in 96-and then 384-well formats, miniaturized the assay to the 3456-well (nanoplate) scale, and screened a library containing more than 1 million compounds. They have identified several cell-permeable inhibitors of DAO from this cell-based high-throughput screening, which provided the discovery program with a few novel and attractive lead structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ashor, Ammar W., Mario Siervo, Jose Lara, Clio Oggioni, Sorena Afshar, and John C. Mathers. "Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 8 (March 31, 2015): 1182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000227.

Full text

Abstract:

Randomised controlled trials (RCT) testing the effects of antioxidant supplements on endothelial function (EF) have reported conflicting results. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C and E on EF and to explore factors that may provide explanations for the inconsistent results. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus) from inception until May 2014 for RCT involving adult participants aged ≥ 18 years who were supplemented with vitamins C and E alone or in combination for more than 2 weeks and reporting changes in EF measured using flow mediated dilation or forearm blood flow. Data were pooled as standardised mean difference (SMD) and analysed using a random-effects model. Significant improvements in EF were observed in trials supplementing with vitamin C alone (500–2000 mg/d) (SMD: 0·25, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·49,P= 0·043) and vitamin E alone (300–1800 IU/d; 1 IU vitamin E = 0·67 mg natural vitamin E) (SMD: 0·48, 95 % CI 0·23, 0·72,P= 0·0001), whereas co-administration of both vitamins was ineffective (vitamin C: 500–2000 mg/d; vitamin E: 400–1200 IU/d) (SMD: 0·12, 95 % CI − 0·18, 0·42,P= 0·428). The effect of vitamin C supplementation on EF increased significantly with age (β 0·023, 95 % CI 0·001, 0·05,P= 0·042). There was a significant negative correlation between baseline plasma vitamin E concentration and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on EF (β − 0·03, 95 % CI − 0·06, − 0·001,P= 0·029). Supplementation with either vitamin C or vitamin E alone improves EF. However, subgroup analysis emphasises the importance of careful characterisation and selection of a population group which may benefit from such supplementation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Walker, Stephanie. "Computer-Assisted Library Instruction and Face-to-Face Library Instruction Prove Equally Effective for Teaching Basic Library Skills in Academic Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8b62p.

Full text

Abstract:

A review of: Zhang, Li, Watson, Erin M. and Banfield, Laura. "The Efficacy of Computer-Assisted Instruction Versus Face-to-Face Instruction in Academic Libraries: A Systematic Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 33.4 (July 2007): 478-484. Objective – To conduct a systematic review of several studies comparing the efficacy of face-to-face versus computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for teaching basic library skills to patrons of academic libraries. Design – Systematic review of existing studies (randomised controlled trials and controlled trials). Setting - College and university libraries Subjects – The subjects studied were patrons of any type of academic library, whether university, college, or other post-secondary institution, receiving instruction in basic library skills. Ten studies were included in the review, of which seven were done in the United States, two in Australia, and one in Canada. The total number of subjects in all of the studies under review was 1283. Nine of the studies focused on undergraduates enrolled in specific courses (undergraduate courses ranging widely in subject area, or in one case a first year experience program); the other study focused on library instruction methods taught to students in a graduate research methods course, yet the study was still intended to measure the efficacy of library instruction methods, yet the study was still intended to measure the efficacy of library instruction methods. Methods – One included study was a randomised controlled trial; the other nine were controlled trials. The date range under consideration was for studies done between 1990 and 2005. All original studies were required to compare the efficacy of face-to-face versus CAI instruction. Both information skills and students’ reactions to receiving the instruction were considered. To identify appropriate studies, searches were done across the following library and education-related databases: LISA, ERIC, and Library Literature. The authors screened the 728 unique studies’ bibliographic information for relevance against four criteria: studies had to be of a particular type of design (randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, cohort studies, and case studies), with a sample size greater than one and with pre- and post-test measurements; study participants had to be academic library patrons; the study needed to compare CAI and face-to-face instruction; and both the students’ information skills and reactions to the instruction had to be measured. This left 40 unique studies, which were then retrieved in full text. Next, studies were selected to meet the inclusion criteria further using the QUOROM format, a reporting structure used for improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised trials (Moher, David et al 1896 - 1900). Evaluation of methodological quality was then done using a dual method: authors Watson and Zhang assessed the studies independently, each using the “Checklist for Study Quality” developed by Downs and Black (Downs, Sara H. and Black, Nick 377-384), adapted slightly to remove non-relevant questions. After analysis, when additional information was needed, original study authors were contacted. Finally, ten studies were included in the analysis. The instruction sessions covered many topics, such as catalog use, reading citations, awareness of library services and collections, basic searching of bibliographic databases, and more. But all could qualify as basic, rather than advanced, library instruction. All studies did pre- and post-tests of students’ skills – some immediately after instruction, and others with a time lapse of up to six weeks. Most authors created their own tests, though one adapted an existing scale. Individual performance improvement was not studied in many cases due to privacy concerns. Main Results - Nine of the ten studies found CAI and face-to-face instruction equally effective; the tenth study found face-to-face instruction more effective. The students’ reaction to instruction methods varied – some students felt more satisfied with face-to-face instruction and felt that they learned better, while other studies found that students receiving CAI felt more confident. Some found no difference in confidence. It was impossible to carry out a meta-analysis of the studies, as the skills taught, methods used, and evaluation tools in each case varied widely, and the data provided by the ten studies lacked sufficient detail to allow meta-analysis. As well, there were major methodological differences in the studies – some studies allowed participants the opportunities for hands-on practice; others did not. The CAI tutorials also varied – some were clearly interactive, and in other studies, it was not certain that the tutorial allowed for interactivity. The authors of the systematic review identified possible problems with the selected studies as well. All studies were evaluated according to four criteria on the modified Downs-Black scale: reporting, external validity, and two measures of internal validity (possible bias and possible confounding). A perfect score would have been 25; the mean score was 17.3. Areas where authors lost points included areas such as failure to estimate data variability, failure to report participants lost to follow-up, failure to have blind marking of pre- and post-tests, failure to allocate participants randomly, and a variety of other areas. As well, few studies examined participants’ confidence level with computers before they participated in instruction. Conclusion – Based on this systematic review, CAI and face-to-face instruction appear to be equally effective in teaching students basic library skills. The authors of the study are reluctant to state this categorically, and issue several caveats: a) only one trial was randomised; b) seven of the studies were conducted in the USA, with the others being from Canada and Australia, and learning and teaching styles could be very different in other countries; c) the students were largely undergraduates, and the authors are curious as to whether results would be similar with faculty, staff, or older groups (though of course, not all undergraduates are traditional undergraduates); d) the tests ranged widely in design, and were largely developed individually, and the authors recommend developing a validated test; and e) if the pre- and post-tests are identical and given in rapid succession, this could skew results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Williams, Heather R. "Free E-Books May Increase Print Sales: A Study With Mixed Results." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8fs7c.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Hilton, J. III, & Wiley, D. (2010). The short-term influence of free digital versions of books on print sales. Journal of Electronic Publishing, 13(1). Objective – To determine whether the availability of free digital versions of books impacts print sales. Design – Quantitative data comparison. Setting – University Instructional Psychology Department. Subjects – A total of 41 books, each with a free digital version and a traditional print version. Methods – This study used Nielson BookScan data to track print book sales during a 16-week period, 8 weeks before a free digital version of the book became available and 8 weeks after the availability of the free digital version. The authors tracked 41 books and organized them into four categories. The first included 7 nonfiction books, the second consisted of 5 science fiction/fantasy books, the third included 5 science fiction/fantasy books released together by Random House, and the fourth group consisted of 24 science fiction/fantasy books released by Tor Books. The books released by Tor Books, unlike the other books in the study, were available by free download only if a person registered for Tor’s newsletter and the downloads were only available for one week. When a free digital book from any of the other three groups was released, it remained available for several weeks, and more often, indefinitely. Main Results – Combined print sales of the nonfiction titles in the first group increased 5% after the release of a free digital copy. The majority of the science fiction/fantasy books in the second group also had an increase in post-free release sales, with a combined increase of 26%. The combined sales of the Random House titles increased by 9% after the release of the free digital versions. However, in stark contrast to the results of the first three groups, the fourth group of Tor books had a combined decrease in print sales of 18%. While the authors were not able to explain this difference with certainty, they point out that the Tor model for releasing the free digital books (making the free books available for only one week and requiring registration in order to download the books) was substantially different from the models used by the other publishers. Conclusion – The study suggests a positive relationship may exist between free digital books and short-term print sales. However, the availability of free digital books did not always lead to increased print sales. The authors acknowledge a number of factors not fully accounted for, including the timing of the free digital release, the promotion it received, and the differences in the size of the audiences for the various books studied. Ultimately, however, the authors believe the data indicates that when free digital books are offered for a period of time longer than a week, without requiring registration, print sales will increase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Müller, Urs. "Corruption in Russia: IKEA’s expansion to the East (A-D)." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 2 (June 18, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2015-0199.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject area Business ethics corruption governance and compliance integrity management international management intercultural and cross-cultural management internationalization corporate social responsibility (CSR). Study level/applicability The case has successfully been used with a wide range of audiences from masters/MBAs to Executives. It will also work with undergraduates. Case overview This four-part case series can be used to discuss business ethics, compliance/governance, integrity management, reacting to and preparing against corruption in the context of internationalization and allows to also briefly touching upon the issue of CSR. Case (A) describes a challenge IKEA was facing, while trying to enter Russia in 2000. The company was preparing to open its first flagship store on the outskirts of Moscow, only the first of several planned projects. After substantial investments in infrastructure and logistics, IKEA focused on marketing, but quickly faced a sudden complication. Its major ad campaign in the Moscow Metro with the slogan “[e]very 10th European was made in one of our beds” was labeled “tasteless”. IKEA had to stop the campaign because it “couldn’t prove” the claim. Soon Lennart Dahlgren, the first general manager of IKEA in Russia must have realized that the unsuccessful ad campaign was going to be the least of his problems: A few weeks before the planned opening, the local utility company decided not to provide their services for the store if IKEA did not pay a bribe. What should IKEA and Lennart Dahlgren do? Was there any alternative to playing the game the Russian way, and paying? The subsequent cases (B), (C) and (D) describe IKEA’s creative response to the challenges described in case (A), and then report about new challenges with alleged corruption within IKEA and in the legal environment, and finally raise the question whether IKEA can be considered to have a (corporate social) responsibility to fight corruption on a societal level to build the platform for its own operation in Russia. Expected learning outcomes Responding to a threatening corruption demand (here: responding to an outside demand for a bribe), avoiding corruption from the outside, cross-cultural differences in drawing the line for corruption, preventing corruption within the organization, (corporate social) responsibility of firms to improve the political/legal/social/moral environment in which they operate are the expected learning outcomes. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 5: International Business

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Logeswari, A., Chennupati K. Ramaiah, Somipam R. Shimray, and Chennupati Deepti. "Awareness about Media and Information Literacy among Research Scholars of Pondicherry University." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 41, no. 4 (August 2, 2021): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.41.4.17187.

Full text

Abstract:

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) emphasises a critical approach to literacy to enables people to question critically what they have read, heard and learned. It is requireed in all levels of education and more so to reserach scholars. The aim of the study is to find the awareness and use of MIL tools by research scholars of Pondicherry University. The objectives are: a) to identify the level of awareness in MIL among research scholars; b) to assess the usefulness and relevance of MIL among research scholars; c) to identify the training needs of research scholars in MIL; d) to determine the problems faced by the researches scholars of Pondicherry University while using MIL tools; and e) to suggest the best methods of delivering MIL training to the research scholars of Pondicherry University. The survey method and quesionanire tool are used in conducting this study. Of the total 13 schools, due to time limiation research scholars working in 10 schools were taken as sample. A majority of the respondents are aware of the term MIL and that enables them to save time. Most of the respondents use journals/papers followed by internet for conducting research. The majority (75.49 %) of them preferred 1-2 weeks of workshop-based training on MIL. MIL syllabus may cover media literacy (75.49 %), information literacy (86.27 %), computer literacy (77.45 %), digital literacy (54.9 %), literary literacy (71.57 %), and news literacy (73.53 %). A majority (62.74 %) of the scholars do not know on MIL initiatives in India. Therefore, UGC may have to take necessary steps in implementing the same.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sabbar Jebur, Muntaha. "The Effect of Using Students Peer Teaching on Iraqi EFL Students' Achievement in the Course of Library and Research Work." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 33 (January 24, 2019): 693–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss33.771.

Full text

Abstract:

Peer teaching is a strategy that allows the students to teach the new content to each other, and they must be accurately guided by instructors. The researcher proposes that the use of students peer teaching may promote students' achievement and ensure the engagement of all the students in the learning process. Therefore, the researcher employs it as a teaching method aiming at investigating its effect on Iraqi EFL students' achievement in the course of Library and Research Work . The study hypothesizes that there is no significant difference between the students' achievement who are taught library and research work by students peer teaching and that of the students taught by the traditional way. The experimental design of the study is Parallel Groups, Random Assignment, posttest. Each group consists of 35 students, chosen randomly from the Third Year Students at the Department of English in the College of Basic Education. Both groups were matched in terms of their age and parents' education. The experiment was fulfilled in the first course for 15 weeks during the academic year 2016-2017. The same materials were presented to both groups. This included units from Writing Research Paper by Lester D. . Post-test was constructed and exposed The t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the results and it is found out that there is a statistical difference between the two groups in their achievement because the calculated t- value 2.635 is bigger than the tabulated t- value which is 2.000, and also shown the superiority of the experimental group. The results indicate that the experimental group, who was taught Library and Research Work by peer teaching was better than the control group, who was taught according to the traditional way. So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions are presented in the light of the study findings. to a jury of experts to verify its validity and it was administered to both groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shatalov, A. V., S. P. Dannikov, A. N. Kononov, and V. S. Skripkin. "IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF CANINE PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS." Veterinary Science Today, no. 4 (January 26, 2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2018-4-27-63-67.

Full text

Abstract:

Data on the specifcity of the development of post-vaccination immunity against parvovirus enteritis agent in dogs are summarized and analyzed in the review. The publications were searched for using the following bibliographical and reference databases: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), Scopus, Web of Science, Agris, PubMed, as well as Google Scholar search system and the electronic library of theses of the Russian State Library (RSL). Triple vaccination of puppies was found to be the most eﬀective, therewith the puppies shall be last vaccinated at the age of 16-weeks or older. Where necessary, vaccination of 4-week-old puppies and pregnant dogs is allowed. After immunization, the rates of increase in anti-canine parvovirus enteritis antibody titre do not depend on the sex of dogs or vaccine type but can vary depending on age, body weight and the presence of maternal antibodies. The titres of maternal antibodies against canine parvovirus type 2 in newborn puppies demonstrate broad individual invariance. The use of immunomodulators as adjuvants in vaccine composition is proved to be eﬀective to maintain the high titre of antibodies against canine parvovirus type 2 in the post-vaccination period, and the modern DNA-vaccine is a reasonable alternative to conventional vaccination. The probability of adverse reactions resulting from the administration of a combined vaccine containing canine parvovirus enteritis agent antigen is 3.8%; the predisposing risk factors are the following: neutering, low body weight and the age of less than 9 months old. Contemporary vaccines based on NL-35-D CPV-2 strain confer the full protection from other virulent strains of canine parvovirus type 2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Boyce, Catherine, Mistral Watson, Grace Lazidis, Sarah Reeve, Kenneth Dods, Karen Simmer, and Gemma McLeod. "Preterm human milk composition: a systematic literature review." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 6 (August 15, 2016): 1033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003007.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThere are wide variations in the macronutrient values adopted by neonatal intensive care units and industry to fortify milk in efforts to achieve recommended intakes for preterm infants. Contributing to this is the variation in macronutrient composition of preterm milk between and within mothers and the variable quality of milk analyses used to determine the macronutrient content of milk. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using articles published in English between 1959 and 2013 that reported the concentrations of one or more macronutrients or energy content in human preterm milk, sampled over a representative 24-h period. Searched medical databases included Ovid Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Results are presented as mean values and ranges for each macronutrient during weeks 1–8 of lactation, and preferred mean values (g/100 ml) for colostrum (week 1) and mature milk (weeks 2–8; protein: 1·27, fat: 3·46, lactose: 6·15 and carbohydrate: 7·34), using data from studies employing the highest-quality analyses. Industry-directed fortification practices using these mean values fail to meet protein targets for infants weighing <1000 g when the fortified milk is fed <170–190 ml/kg per d, and the protein:energy ratio of the fortified milk is inadequate. This study aimed to provide additional information to industry in order to guide their future formulation of breast milk fortifiers. Quality macronutrient analyses of adequately sampled preterm breast milk would improve our understanding of the level of fortification needed to meet recommended protein and energy intakes and growth targets, as well as support standardised reporting of nutritional outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pfeifer, Michael, and Yannis Dionyssiotis. "Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation after Hip Fracture: A Review." Osteologie 28, no. 03 (September 2019): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0962-2043.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWith increasing longevity, hip fractures become more and more a serious burden not only for societies in developed civilization, but also for emerging countries. According to world-wide projections 1.5 million people are affected each year. Although a lot of research has been performed over the last decade, there is still a lack of standardized and evidence-based approaches for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of this worst complication of osteoporosis.Therefore, the evidence base for this article was synthesized in accordance with SIGN methodology. Databases searched include Medline, Embase, Cinahl and the Cochrane Library between March 1999 and March 2019. The following terms are used: osteoporosis, hip fracture, rehabilitation, falls, muscle strength, nutrition, exercise, balance, sway, and hip protectors. Moreover, reference lists from included studies were checked and author`s names were searched for additional studies.Possibly, the best approach to rehabilitation after hip fracture is a multi-disciplinary team co-ordinating medical, social, educational and vocational measure for training or retraining the individual to the highest possible level of function. In order to prevent thromboembolism low-dose anti-coagulation therapy (e. g. fondaparinux, rivaroxaban) may be used for approximately two weeks after surgery. This should be accompanied by a daily nutritional intake of at least 20 g protein, 1200 mg of elemental calcium and 800 I. U. of vitamin D, whereas in severe vitamin D insufficiencies recommendations may be certainly higher.After surgical repair of the hip fracture, an anti-resorptive medication may be started. While balance training and performing of Tai Chi has been shown to reduce fall risk and thereby also decrease hip fracture risk, the use of hip protectors is still under evaluation and cannot be generally advocated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sapp, Philip, Regina Lamendella, Penny Kris-Etherton, and Kristina Petersen. "Peanut Intake Enriches Butyrate Producing Bacteria and Expression of a Gene Associated With Butyrate Production in Adults With Elevated Fasting Glucose: An RCT." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab054_033.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives To assess the effect of consuming 28 g/d of peanuts for 6-weeks, compared to an isocaloric lower fat, higher carbohydrate (LFHC) snack, on gut microbiota composition in adults with elevated fasting glucose. Further, to identify functional and compositional differences in responders using metatranscriptomics. Methods In a randomized, crossover trial, 50 adults (52% male; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2; glucose 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed 28g/d of dry roasted, unsalted, peanuts (160 kcal) or a LFHC snack for 6-wk with a 4-wk washout period. Fecal samples were collected at the baseline and endpoint of each period. Gut microbiota composition was measured using 16 rRNA sequencing and QIIME2 for amplicon sequence variant assignment. Metatranscriptomic sequencing was conducted on baseline and endpoint samples from subjects with the greatest reduction in glucose following the peanut condition (n = 24), to measure gene expression related to microbial metabolic pathways. The NUGEN library preparation method was used to generate cDNA. MetaPhlan2 and HUMAnN2 were used for taxonomic and functional gene annotation, and iPATH3 and Pathview were used for mapping to functional gene pathways. Results No between-condition difference in α or β microbiota diversity was observed. Following peanut intake, roseburia and ruminococcaceae were significantly enriched (LDA > 2; P < 0.05). Metatranscriptomics showed enrichment of the K03518 (aerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase small subunit) gene following peanut intake (P < 0.05). Conclusions Enrichment of roseburia was observed following consumption of 28 g/d of peanuts in adults with elevated fasting glucose. Metatranscriptomics revealed enrichment of the K03518 gene, which is associated with short chain fatty acid production and degradation of β-mannans. These results suggest peanut intake enriches a known butyrate producer and the increased expression of a gene implicated in butyrate production adds further support for peanut-induced gut microbiome modulation. Funding Sources The Peanut Institute and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (1UL1TR002014-01).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Coates, Heather L. "Critical Thinking Exercises in the Classroom are Helpful but not Sufficient for Improving Critical Thinking Test Scores." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84k64.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Wallace, E. D., & Jefferson, R. N. (2013). Developing Critical Thinking Skills For Information Seeking Success. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 19(3): 246-255. Objective – To determine whether a series of workbook exercises contributed to improved critical thinking test scores. Design – Post-test design with a quasi-experimental control group. Setting – Military college in the United States of America. Subjects – 76 undergraduates enrolled in a required freshman orientation seminar. Methods – Approximately one third of the enrolled participants (n=26) were provided with a copy of the book Critical Thinking: Building the Basics. A subset of exercises was completed independently over three to four class sessions during the first three weeks of the semester. The control group (n=50) did not receive any critical skills thinking instruction. The iCritical Thinking Skills Test, an online exam provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), was administered to both groups during a class session. The exam consists of 7 types of tasks: define, access, evaluate, manage, integrate, create, communicate, evaluated using 14 tasks based on real-world scenarios. Main Results – Approximately 20% (15) of all students passed the test, 9 from the intervention group and 6 from the control group. Significant differences were detected between the groups on the Integrate and Manage subtests. The range for individual subtests and total scores was wide. Scores for two of the seven subtests, Create and Evaluate, showed the greatest amount of variability; the Communicate subtest scores had the least. Conclusion – Limitations of the study include potential motivational differences between the groups. Students who completed workbook exercises appeared to be motivated to do well on the test, while those who did not seemed less motivated. The effectiveness of exercises in developing critical thinking skills in this study will persuade administrators to consider using such exercises in the classroom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Iannotti, Ferdinando, Paolo Prati, Andrea Fidanza, Raffaele Iorio, Andrea Ferretti, Daniel Pèrez Prieto, Nanne Kort, et al. "Prevention of Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI): A Clinical Practice Protocol in High-Risk Patients." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040186.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents 25% of failed total knee arthroplasties (TKA). The European Knee Associates (EKA) formed a transatlantic panel of experts to perform a literature review examining patient-related risk factors with the objective of producing perioperative recommendations in PJI high-risk patients. Methods: Multiple databases (Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library) and recommendations on TKA PJI prevention measures from the International Consensus Meetings on PJI from the AAOS and AAHKS were reviewed. This represents a Level IV study. Results: Strong evidence was found on poor glycemic control, obesity, malnutrition, and smoking being all associated with increased rates of PJI. In the preoperative period, patient optimization is key: BMI < 35, diet optimization, Hemoglobin A1c < 7.5, Fructosamine < 292 mmol/L, smoking cessation, and MRSA nasal screening all showed strong evidence on reducing PJI risk. Intraoperatively, a weight-based antibiotic prophylaxis, accurate fluid resuscitation, betadine and chlorhexidine dual skin preparation, diluted povidone iodine solution irrigation, tranexamic acid administration, and monofilament barbed triclosan-coated sutures for soft tissues closure all represented effective prevention measures. In the postoperative period, failure to reach normalization of ESR, CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 six weeks postoperatively suggested early PJI. Conclusion: The current recommendations from this group of experts, based on published evidence, support risk stratification to identify high-risk patients requiring implementation of perioperative measures to reduce postoperative PJI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gonzalez, F. J., B. J. Song, and J. P. Hardwick. "Pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-inducible P-450 gene family: gene conversion and differential regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 8 (August 1986): 2969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.8.2969.

Full text

Abstract:

A cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone, designated pP450PCN2, homologous to the previously characterized pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)-induced P-450 cDNA (pP450PCN1; F. J. Gonzalez, D. W. Nebert, J. P. Hardwick, and C. B. Kasper, J. Biol. Chem. 260:7435-7441), was isolated from a rat liver cDNA expression library by use of a polyclonal anti-P450PCN1 antibody. This P-450 cDNA contains 2,014 base pairs and yields an open reading frame of a protein consisting of 504 amino acids (Mr = 57,760). P450PCN2 cDNA and protein shared 90% nucleotide and 89% amino acid similarity with P450PCN1 cDNA and protein, respectively. The 5' untranslated, coding, and 3' untranslated regions between the two cDNAs share 94, 93, and 79% similarities, respectively. Nucleotide differences in the coding regions, however, are not evenly distributed. Complete homology exists between the two mRNAs for 425 nucleotides (positions 346 through 771). Other regions of 93 nucleotides containing only one difference and 147 nucleotides containing two differences exist toward the 3' end of the coding regions. These data suggest the possibility that a gene conversion event(s) have occurred subsequent to duplication of the ancestral P450PCN gene. Oligonucleotide probes unique for P450PCN1 and P450PCN2 cDNAs were used to examine the levels of their respective mRNAs in noninduced and PCN-induced liver cells and in male and female rats of various ages. P450PCN1 mRNA was not detectable in either male or female rats at any ages. In contrast, P450PCN2 mRNA was present at a low level in newborn rats and became elevated in both males and females at 1 week of age. Levels of p450PCN2 mRNA continued to increase in males until 12 weeks, whereas the mRNA in females reached peak levels at 2 weeks of age but declined continuously at the onset of puberty (between 4 and 12 weeks). These levels of P45PCN2 mRNA closely parallel the increases in testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity and P450PCN2 protein level, as analyzed by Western blots. P450PCN1 mRNA was induced by PCN, dexamethasone, and phenobarbital in both male and female rats. P450PCN2 mRNA was not significantly induced by PCN or dexamethasone but was readily induced by phenobarbital. Testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity was also induced severalfold by PCN, dexamethasone, and phenobarbital. These data demonstrate that P450PCN1 and P450PCN2 genes are differentially regulated during development and after administration of inducing compounds and furthermore suggest that both enzymes possess testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gonzalez, F. J., B. J. Song, and J. P. Hardwick. "Pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-inducible P-450 gene family: gene conversion and differential regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 8 (August 1986): 2969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.8.2969-2976.1986.

Full text

Abstract:

A cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone, designated pP450PCN2, homologous to the previously characterized pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)-induced P-450 cDNA (pP450PCN1; F. J. Gonzalez, D. W. Nebert, J. P. Hardwick, and C. B. Kasper, J. Biol. Chem. 260:7435-7441), was isolated from a rat liver cDNA expression library by use of a polyclonal anti-P450PCN1 antibody. This P-450 cDNA contains 2,014 base pairs and yields an open reading frame of a protein consisting of 504 amino acids (Mr = 57,760). P450PCN2 cDNA and protein shared 90% nucleotide and 89% amino acid similarity with P450PCN1 cDNA and protein, respectively. The 5' untranslated, coding, and 3' untranslated regions between the two cDNAs share 94, 93, and 79% similarities, respectively. Nucleotide differences in the coding regions, however, are not evenly distributed. Complete homology exists between the two mRNAs for 425 nucleotides (positions 346 through 771). Other regions of 93 nucleotides containing only one difference and 147 nucleotides containing two differences exist toward the 3' end of the coding regions. These data suggest the possibility that a gene conversion event(s) have occurred subsequent to duplication of the ancestral P450PCN gene. Oligonucleotide probes unique for P450PCN1 and P450PCN2 cDNAs were used to examine the levels of their respective mRNAs in noninduced and PCN-induced liver cells and in male and female rats of various ages. P450PCN1 mRNA was not detectable in either male or female rats at any ages. In contrast, P450PCN2 mRNA was present at a low level in newborn rats and became elevated in both males and females at 1 week of age. Levels of p450PCN2 mRNA continued to increase in males until 12 weeks, whereas the mRNA in females reached peak levels at 2 weeks of age but declined continuously at the onset of puberty (between 4 and 12 weeks). These levels of P45PCN2 mRNA closely parallel the increases in testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity and P450PCN2 protein level, as analyzed by Western blots. P450PCN1 mRNA was induced by PCN, dexamethasone, and phenobarbital in both male and female rats. P450PCN2 mRNA was not significantly induced by PCN or dexamethasone but was readily induced by phenobarbital. Testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity was also induced severalfold by PCN, dexamethasone, and phenobarbital. These data demonstrate that P450PCN1 and P450PCN2 genes are differentially regulated during development and after administration of inducing compounds and furthermore suggest that both enzymes possess testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chan, John S. Y., Kanfeng Deng, Jiamin Wu, and Jin H. Yan. "Effects of Meditation and Mind–Body Exercises on Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis." Gerontologist 59, no. 6 (February 23, 2019): e782-e790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background and Objectives Meditation and mind–body exercises are suggested to delay decline or enhance cognitive capabilities in older adults. However, their effectiveness remains uncertain. This study assessed the effectiveness of meditation and mind–body exercises to improve cognition in elderly people aged 60 years or above. Moderator variables were also explored. Research Design and Methods A databases search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wangfang) was conducted from the first available date to January 10, 2018. Inclusion criteria include (a) human older adults aged 60 years or above, (b) meditation, Tai Chi, Qigong, or yoga intervention, (c) intervention should be structured, (d) inclusion of a control group, (e) at least one outcome measure of cognition was measured at baseline and post-training, and (f) peer-reviewed journal articles in English or Chinese. Results Forty-one studies (N = 3,551) were included in the meta-analysis. In general, meditation and mind–body exercises improve cognition in the elderly people (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.48), but the cognition-enhancing effects depend on the type of exercise. In addition, cognitive performance is only improved when the length of intervention is longer than 12 weeks, exercise frequency is 3–7 times/week, or duration of an exercise session is 45–60 min/session. Discussion and Implications This study suggests that meditation and mind–body exercises are effective to improve cognition of older adults aged 60 years or above, and exercise parameters should be considered for intervention planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Colquitt, Jill L., Diana Mendes, Andrew J. Clegg, Petra Harris, Keith Cooper, Joanna Picot, and Jackie Bryant. "Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for the treatment of arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for the treatment of heart failure: systematic review and economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 18, no. 56 (August 2014): 1–560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta18560.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundThis assessment updates and expands on two previous technology assessments that evaluated implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) for heart failure (HF).ObjectivesTo assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICDs in addition to optimal pharmacological therapy (OPT) for people at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a result of ventricular arrhythmias despite receiving OPT; to assess CRT with or without a defibrillator (CRT-D or CRT-P) in addition to OPT for people with HF as a result of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and cardiac dyssynchrony despite receiving OPT; and to assess CRT-D in addition to OPT for people with both conditions.Data sourcesElectronic resources including MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to November 2012. Additional studies were sought from reference lists, clinical experts and manufacturers’ submissions to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Review methodsInclusion criteria were applied by two reviewers independently. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second. Data were synthesised through narrative review and meta-analyses. For the three populations above, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing (1) ICD with standard therapy, (2) CRT-P or CRT-D with each other or with OPT and (3) CRT-D with OPT, CRT-P or ICD were eligible. Outcomes included mortality, adverse events and quality of life. A previously developed Markov model was adapted to estimate the cost-effectiveness of OPT, ICDs, CRT-P and CRT-D in the three populations by simulating disease progression calculated at 4-weekly cycles over a lifetime horizon.ResultsA total of 4556 references were identified, of which 26 RCTs were included in the review: 13 compared ICD with medical therapy, four compared CRT-P/CRT-D with OPT and nine compared CRT-D with ICD. ICDs reduced all-cause mortality in people at increased risk of SCD, defined in trials as those with previous ventricular arrhythmias/cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction (MI) > 3 weeks previously, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (depending on data included) or ischaemic/non-ischaemic HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%. There was no benefit in people scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft. A reduction in SCD but not all-cause mortality was found in people with recent MI. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged from £14,231 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) to £29,756 per QALY for the scenarios modelled. CRT-P and CRT-D reduced mortality and HF hospitalisations, and improved other outcomes, in people with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony when compared with OPT. The rate of SCD was lower with CRT-D than with CRT-P but other outcomes were similar. CRT-P and CRT-D compared with OPT produced ICERs of £27,584 per QALY and £27,899 per QALY respectively. The ICER for CRT-D compared with CRT-P was £28,420 per QALY. In people with both conditions, CRT-D reduced the risk of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisation, and improved other outcomes, compared with ICDs. Complications were more common with CRT-D. Initial management with OPT alone was most cost-effective (ICER £2824 per QALY compared with ICD) when health-related quality of life was kept constant over time. Costs and QALYs for CRT-D and CRT-P were similar. The ICER for CRT-D compared with ICD was £27,195 per QALY and that for CRT-D compared with OPT was £35,193 per QALY.LimitationsLimitations of the model include the structural assumptions made about disease progression and treatment provision, the extrapolation of trial survival estimates over time and the assumptions made around parameter values when evidence was not available for specific patient groups.ConclusionsIn people at risk of SCD as a result of ventricular arrhythmias and in those with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony, the interventions modelled produced ICERs of < £30,000 per QALY gained. In people with both conditions, the ICER for CRT-D compared with ICD, but not CRT-D compared with OPT, was < £30,000 per QALY, and the costs and QALYs for CRT-D and CRT-P were similar. A RCT comparing CRT-D and CRT-P in people with HF as a result of LVSD and cardiac dyssynchrony is required, for both those with and those without an ICD indication. A RCT is also needed into the benefits of ICD in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in the absence of dyssynchrony.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO number CRD42012002062.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mao, Xinliang, Tabitha E. Wood, Rose Hurren, Jiefei Tong, Xiaoming Wang, Paul A. Spagnuolo, Neil MacLean, et al. "A Small Molecule Inhibitor of D-Cyclin Transactivation Displays Preclinical Efficacy in Myeloma and Leukemia." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2036.2036.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Abstract 2036 Poster Board II-13 D-cyclins are universally dysregulated in multiple myeloma and frequently over-expressed in acute leukemia. To better understand the regulation of D-cyclins and the effects of targeting their expression in myeloma and leukemia cells, we conducted a chemical screen of the 56,000 compound Maybridge chemical library for inhibitors of the human cyclin D2 promoter using NIH 3T3 cells stably expressing the Cyclin D2promoter-driving a luciferase reporter gene. From this screen, 11 compounds that reproducibly inhibited transactivation of the cyclin D2 promoter, but did not inhibit transactivation of an unrelated RSV promoter driving luciferase, and did not reduce the growth and viability of NIH3T3 in an MTS assay. Among these 11 compounds, the most active was 8-ethoxy-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-nitro-2H-chromene (S14161). Given the identification of S14161 as a potential inhibitor of cyclin D2 transactivation, we evaluated its effects on D-cyclin expression in myeloma and leukemia cell lines. S14161 decreased D-cyclin protein and mRNA levels across a range of events that dysregulated D-cyclins including cyclin D1 translocation (KMS12), c-maf over-expression (RPMI-8226, KMS11, LP1, JJN3), and FGFR3 translocation (KMS11) at low micromolar concentrations. Consistent with its effects on D-cyclin expression, S14161 arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle at concentrations associated with its ability to decrease D-cyclins. Next, we tested the effects of S14161 on the viability of myeloma and leukemia cells. S14161 induced cell death in 6/7 myeloma and 6/7 leukemia cell lines with an IC50 <10 μM by the MTS assay. Cell death and apoptosis were confirmed by Annexin V-FITC staining. S14161 reduced the growth and viability of 4/5 primary AML samples with an IC50 <10 μM. In contrast, it was less toxic to normal hematopoietic cells with an IC20 > 25 μM. Given the ability of S14161 to induce apoptosis and reduce D-cyclin expression, we evaluated its efficacy in vivo. SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with K562 human chronic leukemia cells. After injection, mice were treated with S14161 (100mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally or vehicle control. Treatment with S14161 delayed tumor growth by up to 90% compared to vehicle control without evidence of gross organ toxicity or weight loss. Similar results were obtained in a U937 xenograft model. Of note, in our acute toxicity experiment, no weight loss or other toxic changes were noted in mice treated with 500 mg/kg/daily for two weeks. S14161 is a novel chemical compound with an unknown mechanism of action. However, the compound contains a chromene motif that is similar to the chromone motif found in the PI3 kinase inhibitor, LY294002. Therefore, we tested whether S14161 could inhibit the PI3 kinase signalling pathway and whether this inhibition was functionally important for its effects on D-cyclin expression and cell viability. Pre-treatment with S14161 blocked the increase in phospho-Akt without altering levels of total Akt. Moreover, S14161 inhibited the activities of Class I PI3 kinase α, β, γ, and δ with similar efficacy. In contrast, S14161 was less effective in inhibiting the PI3 kinase-associated enzymes PDK1, mTOR and DNA-PKcs with less than 20% inhibition at a concentration of 300 μM. Likewise, S14161 did not inhibit Akt1, Akt2, or Akt3, at a concentration up to 300 μM. To assess the relationship between inhibition of PI3 kinase signalling, decreased D-cyclin expression and cell death, we evaluated a series of chromene-containing compounds structurally related to S14161. Similar to the effects of S14161, the highly structurally related compound 8-methoxy-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-nitro-2H-chromene (S14147) inhibited accumulation of phospho-Akt after IGF1 stimulation, decreased D-cyclin expression and induced cell death in KMS11 myeloma cells. In contrast, 4 other related compounds did not decrease cyclin D expression or prevent Akt phosphorylation after IGF1 stimulation. These inactive analogues were also not toxic to myeloma cells. Thus, we identified a novel chemical compound that inhibits D-cyclin transactivation. Moreover, we demonstrated that PI3 kinase inhibition can overcome dysregulation of D-cyclins across a broad array of transforming events in myeloma and leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Palmarini, Massimo, J. Michael Sharp, Marcelo de las Heras, and Hung Fan. "Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Is Necessary and Sufficient To Induce a Contagious Lung Cancer in Sheep." Journal of Virology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 6964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.8.6964-6972.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (SPA) is a contagious and experimentally transmissible lung cancer of sheep resembling human bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. A type D retrovirus, known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), has been associated with the etiology of SPA, but its exact role in the induction of the tumor has not been clear due to the lack of (i) a tissue culture system for the propagation of JSRV and (ii) an infectious JSRV molecular clone. To investigate the role of JSRV in the etiology of SPA, we isolated a full-length JSRV proviral clone, pJSRV21, from a tumor genomic DNA library derived from a natural case of SPA. pJSRV21 was completely sequenced and showed open reading frames in agreement with those deduced for the original South African strain of JSRV. In vivo transfection of three newborn lambs by intratracheal inoculation with pJSRV21 DNA complexed with cationic lipids showed that pJSRV21 is an infectious molecular clone. Viral DNA was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the transfected animals by a highly sensitive JSRV-U3 heminested PCR at various time points ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months posttransfection. In addition, proviral DNA was detected in the PBMCs, lungs, and mediastinal lymph nodes of two lambs sacrificed 9 months posttransfection, but no macroscopic or histological SPA lesion was induced. We prepared JSRV particles by transient transfection of 293T cells with a JSRV construct (pCMV2JS21) in which the upstream U3 was replaced with the cytomegalovirus early promoter. Four newborn lambs were inoculated with JSRV21 particles produced in this manner, and two of them showed the classical signs of SPA 4 months postinfection. The resulting tumors were positive for JSRV DNA and protein. Thus, JSRV21 is an infectious and pathogenic molecular clone and is necessary and sufficient to induce sheep pulmonary adenomatosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sullo, Elaine. "Chat Transcript Analysis Reveals that Undergraduate Students are Open to Instruction, While Instructors and Librarians Care About Supporting Student Learning." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8q623.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Jacoby, J., Ward, D., Avery, S., & Marcyk, E. (2016). The value of chat reference services: A pilot study. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 16(1), 109-129. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0013 Abstract Objective – To investigate student, instructor, and librarian perspectives of chat reference service in the context of first-year undergraduate students conducting research for an introductory composition course. Design – Focus groups, individual interviews, and surveys. Setting – A large, public university in the United States of America. Subjects – 57 library reference providers, 36 instructors of an introductory composition course, and approximately 936 undergraduate students in certain sections of the introductory composition course who were assigned a specific research project. Methods – In spring of 2014, all participants were invited via email to respond to an anonymous chat transcript of a librarian interacting with a student working on his or her research project. Study participants could participate via a brief survey or by taking part in a focus group or individual interview. The invited instructors were asked to forward the invitation to the students in their sections, and reminder emails were sent two weeks after the initial email. Main Results – Nine instructors, 24 students, and 25 library reference providers participated in the study, representing a response rate of 25%, 3% (estimated), and 44%, respectively. The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of key themes that were derived from both the focus groups or individual interviews and the survey questions. The themes were: students as novice researchers, question negotiation, open and closed questions, instruction, speed and convenience, customer service, and referrals. The theme of “students as novice researchers” is based on student comments related to their frustrations of being inexperienced researchers, as well as librarian comments on strategies for helping these students. Opinions regarding the traditional reference interview, including specific techniques that made the interaction successful, were categorized as “question negotiation.” The “open and closed questions” theme focused on feedback on the types of questions used by librarians in the reference interview. Several components related to chat and instruction were encompassed within the “instruction” theme, including whether those participating in the study were conscious of librarians providing instructions via chat and whether it was deemed valuable; the impact of a library instruction session in which students participated; and identification of missed teachable moments during the chat. The “speed and convenience” theme represented thoughts regarding the balance of instruction and librarian support of news skills, with the student expectation of having their question answered quickly and efficiently. The “customer service” theme focused on the service quality of the reference transaction, while the “referrals” theme encompassed thoughts related to whether students were referred to subject specialists, writing specialists, instructors, or if there was a lack of a referral altogether. Conclusion – Based on the research results, the authors highlighted the importance of the interconnectedness of teaching that is done in the classroom, in library instruction sessions, and on the reference desk, as all three types of instruction should align. Furthermore, because students are open to instruction via the chat service when they are creating and revising their research question and delving into subject research, chat can be viewed as a key teaching and learning opportunity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schulte, Stephanie J. "More Research Needed on Librarian Teaching Anxiety." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8nw3r.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Davis, Kaetrena D. “The Academic Librarian as Instructor: A Study of Teacher Anxiety.” College & Undergraduate Libraries 14.2 (2007):77-101. Objective – To identify the types of librarian teaching anxiety and the coping mechanisms that often accompany it and to compare those findings with those described by Showalter in “Teaching Literature”; also, to examine whether perceptions of librarians from both inside and outside the profession influence teaching anxiety. Design – A 35-item online questionnaire created using Zoomerang; a link to the questionnaire was distributed through the Information Literacy Instruction Listserv (ILI-L). Subjects – Subscribers to ILI-L. There were approximately 3,700 subscribers to ILI-L at the time of the study. This electronic mailing list is sponsored by the Instruction Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries and is moderated. Methods – As previously mentioned, a link to the questionnaire was distributed via the ILI-L. Requests for participation were sent to the list three times during the six weeks the survey was open for responses. The questionnaire consisted primarily of multiple choice questions, several with the option to enter a free text “Other” response, as well as four Likert-type questions. After the survey closed, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS. The article did not indicate when the survey was completed. Main Results – 687 responses were collected. Of those, 657 were completed. Surveys were assessed for accuracy, during which 305 responses were eliminated, resulting in 382 “viable” responses (84). Accuracy assessments consisted of throwing out surveys in which respondents answered questions inappropriately, however, an explanation of what constituted an inappropriate response is not included. Nearly three quarters of respondents (74%) indicated they enjoyed teaching. This trend did not appear to be related to the number of years of experience as a librarian. The majority of respondents (58%) had never taught full semester or quarter courses, whereas “virtually all” (86) had taught one-shot instructional sessions. Sixty-three percent of respondents noted being nervous prior to teaching. Although 40% of respondents noted having no physical symptoms of anxiety, of those who did, the main symptoms included sweating and upset stomach. Sixty-five percent of respondents noted experiencing mental or emotional symptoms, mainly identified as worries about being sufficiently prepared and answering tough questions (40%) and fear of public speaking (27%). These mental and emotional symptoms were noted to occur often in the case of 29% of respondents, and at least some of the time in 41% of respondents. Nearly three quarters of the respondents reported using personal strategies for dealing with teaching anxiety, including over-preparation, joining groups where they were able to practice public speaking, and prayer. Most (84%) did not have routines or rituals that they followed prior to teaching. Some additional findings were presented regarding librarians’ perceptions of themselves as well as perceptions of librarians by other faculty. Eighty-four percent of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed that there are many differences in the roles and duties of librarians and paraprofessionals, while 78% agreed or somewhat agreed that faculty do not understand the librarian’s teaching role. Thirty-five percent noted defending teaching roles to other librarians. Conclusion – The role of librarians in academic institutions continues to evolve and include more teaching. As an increasing number of librarians regularly teach and move to teaching semester-long credit courses, the subject of teaching anxiety will continue to grow in importance. This small study draws attention to the need for more research in this area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Chicca, Ilaria J., Jennifer LJ Heaney, Gulnaz Iqbal, Janet A. Dunn, Stella Bowcock, Tim Planche, Guy Pratt, et al. "Stratifying risk of infection and response to therapy in patients with myeloma: a prognostic study." Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation 7, no. 10 (December 2020): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/eme07100.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that is associated with severe immunodeficiency and increased numbers of bacterial infections. The Tackling Early Morbidity and Mortality in Myeloma (TEAMM) trial assessed the use of prophylactic levofloxacin in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Interactions between multiple myeloma disease activity, immunity and infection are central to the TEAMM trial. Active multiple myeloma suppresses immunity and infections delay administration of anti-multiple myeloma therapy. Furthermore, infection-derived inflammation nurtures multiple myeloma activity and resistance to anti-multiple myeloma therapy. Objectives The aim of this study was to measure biomarkers of (1) immune competence to develop risk stratification of patients for infection to personalise the decision to prescribe antibiotics, (2) myeloma activity to sensitively measure speed and depth of myeloma response and (3) inflammation to identify patients who may be at risk of poor treatment responses. Method Serum samples were collected from 977 TEAMM trial patients (aged 35–90 years) at randomisation, then every 4 weeks for 16 weeks and again at 1 year. Biomarker levels were compared with samples from healthy controls. Multiplex Luminex® assays (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the analysis of biomarkers and anti-viral antibodies were measured by a haemagglutination assay. Results At baseline, levels of both polyclonal immunoglobulins and anti-bacterial antibodies were below the normal range in most TEAMM trial patients. This immunoparesis was much more severe for antibodies against specific bacterial targets than for total immunoglobulin levels. Levels of anti-bacterial antibodies were below the threshold of protection for 18 of the 19 bacterial antigens tested. More patients aged < 65 years were protected against meningococcal serotypes, Haemophilus influenza type b and tetanus, whereas more patients aged ≥ 65 years were protected against pneumococcal serotypes but there was good protection in only 6% of the TEAMM trial patients. Higher levels of polyclonal immunoglobulins, but not specific anti-bacterial antibodies, were found to be associated with a lower risk of infection and a longer survival. At presentation, levels of neutrophil elastase, calprotectin and interleukin 10 were elevated in TEAMM trial patients, compared with healthy controls. Interleukin 10 levels were related to infection during the trial: patients with interleukin 10 levels ≥ 10 pg/ml had a greater risk of infection than patients with interleukin 10 levels < 10 pg/ml. Levels of soluble CD138 were elevated in 72% of TEAMM trial patients and were decreased in response to therapy, with a complete response seen in 40% of TEAMM trial patients by 16 weeks. Of the 76 TEAMM trial patients achieving a free light chain complete response at 16 weeks, only 30% had a soluble CD138 complete response. Overall, responses in the levels of soluble CD138 did not correlate with free light chain and myeloma monoclonal protein (also known as m-protein) responses, consistent with the fact that soluble CD138 responses reflect a separate aspect of disease activity and clonal size. Levels of procalcitonin were elevated in only 50% of patients who had febrile episodes during the TEAMM trial. Although levels of interleukins 6 and 8 at presentation were lower than in a heathy cohort of patients, lower levels of interleukin 6 were identified at baseline in poor responders than in good responders, and in patients who had febrile and non-febrile infections during the trial than in patients who had only non-febrile episodes. Conclusion Information from this Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation project can help inform risk stratification and patient identification strategies to be responsive to individual patient needs. Monitoring levels of free light chains and soluble CD138 can help identify non-responders early and monitoring interleukin 10 levels can help stratify patients for risk of infection. Furthermore, immunisation in remission should be tested. Limitations The TEAMM trial administered prophylactic antibiotics or placebo for 12 weeks from a new diagnosis of myeloma. Patients were monitored for infections for 16 weeks post diagnosis, with a final set of clinical data gathered at 1 year. Infection data and efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics are available for only the first 16 weeks and survival for the first 52 weeks. This limits long-term data, particularly for progression-free and overall survival. Future work The TEAMM 2 trial (in preparation) will explore the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics up to 12 months following diagnosis and will explore infection risk post therapy and during remission. Furthermore, some of the key findings will be applied to investigate biomarkers in samples from other UK myeloma trials in which long-term outcome data are available. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN51731976. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, a Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) partnership, and will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 7, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Xu, Dengfeng, and Guiju Sun Sun. "A Meta-Analysis of β-glucan Effects on Lipids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Individuals." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa052_062.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives β-glucan has been reported for its health benefits on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic individuals for years. However, people has paid little attention to the effects in population with mildly hypercholesterolemic as well as the various delivering matrices of beta-glucan. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis to analyze the effects of beta-glucan with different delivering matrices in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Potential literatures were identified through a systematic and comprehensive search to June 2019 in following four electronic databases without language restriction: Web of science, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library, respectively. The search keywords are: (‘‘Hypercholesterolemia'’ or ‘‘Hyperlipidemias'’ and ‘‘beta-Glucans'’ or ‘‘Glucans'’ or ‘‘β-glucan'’). Results A total of 21 randomized controlled trials involving 1120 participants were identified to measure the pooled effect. The overall results indicated consuming in a doses of ≥ 3 g/d of beta-glucan for at least 3 weeks could significantly reduce TC (−0.27 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.33, −0.21, P < 0.001) and LDL-c (−0.26 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.32, −0.20, P < 0.001) compared with control group in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals, while no significant difference was observed in TG (−0.03 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.11, 0.06, P = 0.521) and HDL-c (0.01 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.03, 0.04, P = 0.777). There was evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Conclusions β-glucan can significantly reduce risk factors like TC and LDL-c for CVD in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals, furthermore, it appears that the effects of food matrices with both ‘solid-products’ and ‘liquid-products’ which beta-glucan was incorporated into ranked as the best way to exert its beneficial properties, while ‘liquid’ and ‘solid’ products were ranked as the second, third position respectively. Funding Sources National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81,872,618), Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (grant number KYCX19_0121), the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (grant number YBPY1944).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Shen, Lisa. "Information Literacy (IL) Intervention Workshop has Positive, but Limited, Effects on Undergraduate Students’ IL Skills." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80w47.

Full text

Abstract:

A Review of: Gross, M. & Latham, D. (2013). Addressing below proficient information literacy skills: Evaluating the efficacy of an evidence-based educational intervention. Library & Information Science Research, 35(3), 181-190. Objective – To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention workshop on students’ information literacy (IL) skills and self-perception of their own IL knowledge. Design – Quasi-experimental design with control groups and semi-structured interviews. Setting – Two community colleges in the United States of America, one in a rural setting and one in an urban setting. Subjects – Ninety-two students enrolled in an entry-level English course, who scored below proficiency (65%) on the Information Literacy Test (ILT). Methods – One hundred students from each college took the pre-session ILT and an IL self-assessment survey at the beginning of the Spring 2011 semester. The ILT used was developed and validated by James Madison University (Wise, Cameron, Yang, & Davis, n.d.) and measures understanding of all the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards (ACRL, 2000, pp. 2-3) except Standard 4. For motivation, students each received $20 for their efforts and were told those who scored in the top 15% would enter a draw to win one of two additional prizes of $50. Those who scored below the ILT proficiency level of 65% were invited to participate in the quasi-experiment. Forty-nine participants were assigned to the workshop group and 43 to the control group. The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, prior IL learning, and ILT scores. Those in the workshop group were ask to attend one of five workshops designed around the Analyze, Search, Evaluate (ASE) process model for IL interventions (Gross, Armstrong, & Latham, 2012). The workshops were offered on both campuses and taught by the same instruction librarian. The workshop participants completed questionnaires, which included a second ILT, self-assessment, and ASE-based questions, before and after the IL workshops. Each workshop participant received $30. The control group participants took the same post-session questionnaire after the workshops were completed and received $20. The same $50 incentive was offered to both groups. Two weeks after the workshops, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 30 participants to analyze their learning experiences. Results – Participants’ self-assessment of IL skills showed significant downgrading after they took the ILT for the first time. This downward calibration held true for both the control (t (41) = 4.077, p < 0.004) and the workshop (t (45) = 4.149, p < 0.000) groups. Subsequent self-ratings from the control group showed this downward recalibration of self-assessment was sustained over time. For participants in the workshop group, their average self-rating of IL ability rose from a pre-ASE workshop rating of 2.79 out of a maximum score of 5, to a post-workshop rating of 3.83. However, the same participants’ post-workshop ILT scores did not show any significant improvement. Attending the ASE workshop did not help participants to achieve the “proficient” IL skill level (an ILT score of 65% or higher). Nonetheless, the workshop group’s performance on the ASE focused questions, also administered pre- and post-session, indicated that participants did gain some IL skills during the workshop. On the ASE questions, which had a maximum score of 25 points, the workshop group’s average score increased from 10.62, pre-session to 13.40, post-session, while the control group had an average score of 10.91 pre-session and 10.77 post-session. In the follow-up interviews, most participants reviewed the workshop positively and felt that their peers would benefit from attending. However, the skills participants reported learning primarily focused on the Search stage of the ASE model, such as exact phrase, truncation, and the advanced search options in Google. Conclusion – This quasi-experiment examined the impact of a one-hour ASE model-based workshop on first-year English students with below-proficiency IL skill levels. Self-assessment ratings indicated that workshop attendance increased students’ confidence in their skill level, although this upward recalibration of self-view significantly overestimated participants’ actual skill gain. Pre- and post-test questionnaires indicated that, while students did gain some new IL knowledge, attending the workshop was insufficient to improve their IL skill to the proficient level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Stübig, Thomas, Christian Langer, Monika Engelhardt, Lars-Olof Mügge, Florian Bassermann, Martin Schreder, Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart, et al. "Lenalidomide, Adriamycin and Dexamethasone (RAD) Versus Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (VRD) in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) - Post-Induction Response and MRD Results By Flow Cytometry and NGS from a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCT)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116067.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant (SCT) remains a standard of care in medically fit patients (pts) with newly diagnosed (ND) MM. Induction triplets with at least one of the newer compounds are recommended. Bortezomib (V), lenalidomide (R) and dexamethasone (D; VRD) ranks among the most effective regimens and VRD/SCT was superior to VRD alone in an RCT. In a phase 2 study, we demonstrated RAD induction (lenalidomide 25 mg d1-21; Adriamycin 9 mg/m2 iv d1-4; dexamethasone 40 mg d 1-4 and 17-20 every 4 weeks) followed by SCT to be safe and effective (Knop et al., Leukemia 2017). Therefore, we decided to compare RAD versus (vs) VRD (lenalidomide 25 mg, d1-14; subcutaneous bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 d 1, 4, 8, 11; dexamethasone 20 mg d 1+2, 4+5, 8+9, 11+12 every 3 weeks) induction (3 cycles each) in an RCT. MethodsThe current study was set up according to a double 2x2-factorial design to enrol transplant-eligible pts up to 65 years. The post-induction (PI) complete response (CR) rate as per IMWG criteria was the efficacy co-primary endpoint. We hypothesized the CR rate following RAD to be non-inferior to VRD which was estimated to be 20%. The study was powered to confirm non-inferiority of RAD at a margin of 10% with a one-sided alpha level of .05. Cytogenetic characterization was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) from CD138-enriched plasma cells. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by second-generation eight-color flow cytometry (FC; EuroFlow protocol). Bone marrow (BM) samples from baseline and defined restaging time points were analyzed for an acquisition of ⩾107cells/sample. In a subgroup of 103 pts, we evaluated the applicability of comprehensive immunoglobulin (Ig) amplicon next generation sequencing (NGS) to detect molecular MRD markers and to compare the results with FC. NGS-based marker screening was performed in baseline BM. Sequencing libraries were prepared using 2-step PCR employing multiplex primer sets for IGH V-D-J (FR1, FR2 and FR3), IGH D-J and IGK loci (V-J and KDe). For MRD detection, we used 1-step library preparation with the same primer sets. Results476 pts with a median age of 55 (range, 32-65) years were randomized between 05/2012 and 06/2016 and 469 received at least one dose of study drug. High-risk (HR) FISH abnormalities comprised del17p (11.3% of pts); t(4;14) (11.7%); and t(14;16) (4.5%). 232 pts were randomized to receive RAD, and 237 to VRD, respectively. 90.5% of RAD vs 93.7% of VRD pts completed all 3 cycles. PI CR rate was 13.5% (95% CI, 9.4%-18.7%) with RAD vs 13.4% (95% CI, 9.3-18.5) with VRD, (P=.971). Rates of ≥VGPR were 40.6% (50% CI, 34.2%-47.3%) with RAD vs 48.9% (95% CI, 42.3-55.6%) with VRD (P=.076). In pts with HR cytogenetics, rates of ≥VGPR were 43.3% (RAD) vs. 59.3% (VRD; P=.096). From 317 pts with paired samples, 33/151 (21.9%) of RAD vs 45/166 (27.1%) of VRD pts were FC MRD negative (P=.169) following induction at a median sensitivity level of 6.73x10-6. 197/239 positive pts (82.4%%) had MRD levels above 0.01%, and 42 (17.6%), between 0.0001 and 0.01%. Flow MRD negativity as per IMWG MRD criteria (Kumar et al, Lancet Oncol 2016) was seen in 8/151 (5.2%) pts with RAD vs 6/166 (3.6%) with VRD (P=.27). The remainder of pts did not (yet) fulfil IMWG CR for various reasons. NGS marker screening identified at least 1 Ig marker in 98/103 evaluable patients. To date, 47/98 pts were analyzed for NGS MRD following induction. Four out of 47 (8.5%) subjects were sequencing negative (3/4 post-VRD) with all of them also being IMWG FC MRD negative. One VRD patient died during induction for a mortality rate of 0.2 %. 62.1% of RAD vs 55.3% of VRD pts experienced at least one serious adverse event (SAE; p=.16). SAEs with relationship to study drugs of at least °3 severity occurred in 26.3% (RAD) vs 23.6% (VRD) pts (p=.523). ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT to compare two R-based triplets in SCT-eligible pts. The co-primary efficacy endpoint was met with identical PI CR rates of around 13% for RAD and VRD, respectively. However, a trend emerges to favor VRD over RAD in terms of at least VGPR including HR FISH subjects. Analysis of MRD by multicolor FC showed 5% of pts to be already IMWG flow MRD-negative. Results for all 98 pts evaluable for NGS MRD will be presented. As of yet, too few progression events have occurred to estimate the second co-primary endpoint, 3-year progression-free survival. Longitudinal response and MRD analysis are ongoing. Disclosures Langer: Celgene: Consultancy. Mügge:Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria. Blau:Amgen: Other: Advisory board; BMS: Other: Advisory board; Novartis: Other: Advisory boards; Takeda: Other: Advisory board; Janssen: Other: Advisory board, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Advisory board, Research Funding. Rollig:Janssen: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding. Dechow:AMGEN: Consultancy; Celgene: Honoraria. Gramatzki:Affimed: Research Funding. Brümmendorf:Merck: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Schmidt:Gilead: Honoraria, Other: Travel Grants; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Grants; Celgene: Honoraria. Knop:Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ravasco, Paula. "Nutrition in Cancer Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081211.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Despite being recognised that nutritional intervention is essential, nutritional support is not widely accessible to all patients. Given the incidence of nutritional risk and nutrition wasting, and because cachexia management remains a challenge in clinical practice, a multidisciplinary approach with targeted nutrition is vital to improve the quality of care in oncology. Methods: A literature search in PubMed and Cochrane Library was performed from inception until 26 March. The search consisted of terms on: cancer, nutrition, nutritional therapy, malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, survival, nutrients and guidelines. Key words were linked using “OR” as a Boolean function and the results of the four components were combined by utilizing the “AND” Boolean function. Guidelines, clinical trials and observational studies written in English, were selected. Seminal papers were referenced in this article as appropriate. Relevant articles are discussed in this article. Results: Recent literature supports integration of nutrition screening/assessment in cancer care. Body composition assessment is suggested to be determinant for interventions, treatments and outcomes. Nutritional intervention is mandatory as adjuvant to any treatment, as it improves nutrition parameters, body composition, symptoms, quality of life and ultimately survival. Nutrition counselling is the first choice, with/without oral nutritional supplements (ONS). Criteria for escalating nutrition measures include: (1) 50% of intake vs. requirements for more than 1–2 weeks; (2) if it is anticipated that undernourished patients will not eat and/or absorb nutrients for a long period; (3) if the tumour itself impairs oral intake. N-3 fatty acids are promising nutrients, yet clinically they lack trials with homogeneous populations to clarify the identified clinical benefits. Insufficient protein intake is a key feature in cancer; recent guidelines suggest a higher range of protein because of the likely beneficial effects for treatment tolerance and efficacy. Amino acids for counteracting muscle wasting need further research. Vitamins/minerals are recommended in doses close to the recommended dietary allowances and avoid higher doses. Vitamin D deficiency might be relevant in cancer and has been suggested to be needed to optimise protein supplements effectiveness. Conclusions: A proactive assessment of the clinical alterations that occur in cancer is essential for selecting the adequate nutritional intervention with the best possible impact on nutritional status, body composition, treatment efficacy and ultimately reducing complications and improving survival and quality of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Tucci, J. R. "Vitamin D therapy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypovitaminosis D." European Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 1 (July 2009): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0901.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo determine whether vitamin D repletion of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (hypovitaminosis D) has deleterious clinical and/or biochemical effects.DesignProspective audit of the effect of vitamin D repletion on biochemical data in 56 patients with PHPT. Patients were treated with 50 000 units of vitamin D2 weekly for 8 weeks with biochemical measurements at 5 and 10 weeks, and subsequently after 12 weeks on 800 units of vitamin D3 daily, and in those with hypovitaminosis D after 12 weeks of up to 100 000 units of vitamin D2 monthly.MethodsSerum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, 25-OHD, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratios were measured before and during vitamin D therapy.ResultsPatients treated with 50 000 units of vitamin D2 weekly for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in serum 25-OHD levels from 36.4 to 89.4 nmol/l at 5 weeks (P<0.0001) and 88.6 nmol/l at 10 weeks (P<0.0001). There were no significant changes in serum calcium. At 10 weeks, there was a non-significant decrease in serum PTH and in urine Ca/Cr ratios. None of the patients developed any calcium-related adverse events. Subsequently, patients with subnormal 25-OHD levels on 800 units of vitamin D daily were treated for the next 12 weeks with up to 100 000 units of vitamin D2 monthly with normalization of serum 25-OHD in all but 4 patients.ConclusionThese data fail to demonstrate any adverse effects of vitamin D repletion in PHPT.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Panda, M., J. McIntosh, T. Chaudhari, and A. L. Kent. "Do Maternal Vitamin D Levels Influence Vitamin D Levels in Preterm Neonates?" International Journal of Pediatrics 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8613414.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency/insufficiency in mothers of preterm neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation and determine if the current level of VitD supplementation used for preterm neonates is appropriate.Design. Prospective study from10thMay 2015 to1stNovember 2016.Setting. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Canberra Hospital.Patients. Mothers and their preterm neonates born less than or equal to 32 weeks gestation.Interventions. Maternal VitD levels were obtained within 3-4 days following delivery. Neonatal VitD levels were obtained in the first 3-4 days of life, at 3-4 weeks of age, and at 6-8 weeks of age. Demographic data and data on VitD intake from parenteral nutrition, enteral feeds, and vitamin supplementation agents were collected.Results. 70 neonates were enrolled into the study. Median gestation was 29 (27-30) weeks and median birth weight 1197 (971.2-1512.5) grams. Median maternal VitD level was 54.5 (36-70.7) nmol/L, median neonatal Vit D level at birth was 57 (42-70) nmol/L. Median Vit D level at 3 weeks and 6 weeks were 63.5 nmol/L (53-80.2) nmol/L and 103 (71.5-144) nmol/L respectively. 22/55 (40%) mothers were VitD deficient/insufficient. 25/70 (36%) neonates were VitD deficient/insufficient at birth. Of those neonates who were VitD deficient/insufficient at birth 5/25(10%) were deficient/insufficient at 6 weeks. The median intake of VitD at 6 weeks was 826.5 (577.5-939.5) IU/day.Conclusions. VitD deficiency/insufficiency in mothers of preterm neonates and in preterm neonates at birth is common. Routine screening of maternal VitD and their preterm neonates along with individualized supplementation regimens in mothers and preterm infants may optimize VitD status and reduce risk of ongoing VitD deficiency/insufficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Coats, Karen. "Delilah D. at the Library (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 60, no. 8 (2007): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2007.0223.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Khan, Rizwan Rasul, Salman Azhar, Huma Rasheed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Sarfraz, Hassan akhtar Bukhari, and Hassan Akhtar Bukhari. "Efficacy of Parenteral versus Oral Vitamin D Replacement in Hypovitaminosis D." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 03 (March 10, 2021): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.03.5590.

Full text

Abstract:

The study was to compare efficacy of parenteral versus oral vitamin D replacement in hypovitaminosis. Study Design: Randomized trial. Setting: Medical Outpatient Clinics of Madinah Teaching Hospital, Chiniot General Hospital and Maqsooda Zia Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 6 months (Oct 2017 – Apr 2018). Material & Methods: 84 patients were included in the study. Baseline 25(OH) D levels were determined, and followed-up at 3rd and 6th weeks following vitamin D replacement. After giving the first dose of vitamin D (parenteral or oral), patients were given maintenance dose of calcium and vitamin D supplement as per recommended daily allowance (RDA). Patients with significant clinical improvement were also noted in both groups. Results: The change in vitamin D level after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of replacement through oral route and intramuscular (IM) route was compared; which was found to be statistically significant in both groups (p value < 0.05). Mean change in vitamin D levels after 6 weeks of replacement in all the patients was 17.96 + 13.0. In oral group, it was 13.5 + 10.07 and in IM group, it was 22.40 + 14.18. This clearly shows that it was higher in the IM group compared to the oral group. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The percentage change in the serum 25-OH D level was 53% and 79% for oral group compared to 103% and 207% for the IM group, y after 3 and 6 weeks of replacement respectively. Conclusion: While managing hypovitaminosis D, IM route of administration is more effective. There was significant improvement in the serum 25OHD levels in the IM group. A larger randomized control trial should be done comparing the efficacy of oral and IM route of vitamin D replacement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Su, Lei, Soravis Osataphan, Jessica Desmond, Rui Fang, Jeremy Chimene-Weiss, Liyuan Zhou, Vissarion Efthymiou, Jonathan Dreyfuss, Hui Pan, and Mary-Elizabeth Patti. "Paternal Obesity and SGLT2 Inhibition Alter Expression of Placental Regulatory Genes." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A752—A753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1530.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We previously demonstrated that paternal obesity is associated with offspring metabolic risk during later life, and that paternal SGLT2i treatment improves offspring metabolic phenotypes. Since the placenta is a key determinant of prenatal growth and development, we hypothesized the placenta could mediate the impact of paternal obesity and paternal SGLT2i treatment. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed standard chow (Purina 9F) or 60% high-fat diet (HFD, D12492, Research Diet), or 60% HFD plus the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin (CANA, 25 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks before mating with chow-fed females. Placenta were collected on E16.5, and RNA-seq was performed on placenta from male offspring (paternal chow, pChow, n=4, pHFD, n=5, and pHFD+CANA, n=4), and differentially expressed genes were identified using Limma. Placenta weight was significantly lower in pHFD (0.089±0.004 g, 7 litters from 6 fathers) vs. both pChow (0.108±0.011 g, 4 litters, 4 fathers) and pHFD+CANA (0.107±0.013 g, 5 litters, 5 fathers)(p<0.05). Litter size, fetal or liver weight, or fetal/placental weight ratio did not differ between groups. No genes were differentially expressed in pHFD vs. pChow (FDR<0.1). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified significance (FDR<0.05, NES>1.8) for gene sets in steroid metabolic, drug catabolic, and protein-containing complex remodeling processes. Genes responsible for enrichment included cholesterol biosynthesis (Hmgcs1), transport (Apob, Apoa1/2/4, Apom, Apoc1, Vldlr, Pcsk9) and steroid hormone biosynthesis genes (Hsd3b1, Cyp11b1), all upregulated in pHFD by 1.5-3-fold. These results suggest pHFD could potentially affect maternal and fetal cholesterol homeostasis. pHFD+CANA altered expression of 154 genes vs. pHFD (7 up-, 147 down, FDR <0.1, FC >|1.5|); 18 gene sets were downregulated by pHFD+CANA (GSEA NES<-1.8 and FDR<0.05), including the 3 sets upregulated by pHFD. ChEA3 enrichment analysis (ENCODE library) predicted regulation by transcription factors important for cholesterol and sterol biosynthesis (Srebf1/2), embryonic development (Foxa2), & glucose homeostasis (Hnf4g), suggesting these pathways could mediate the “rescue” effect of pHFD+CANA (FDR<0.05). Expression of Foxa2 was significantly downregulated (4-fold) in pHFD+CANA vs. pHFD. We independently analyzed expression of the 78 detected imprinted genes. None were significantly different in pHFD, but both paternally expressed (Nnat) and maternally expressed genes (H19, Phlda2, Meg3, Meg8) were downregulated in pHFD+CANA vs. pHFD by 1.4 to 3.8 fold in pHFD+CANA (p<0.001,FDR<0.1). In summary, paternal SGLT2i reversed the impact of pHFD on placental weight. Robust impact of both pHFD and pSGLT2i on the transcriptome suggests that the placenta is a key mediator of paternal metabolic effects on offspring development and metabolic disease risk, potentially via modification of lipid transport.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Joiner, Carol. "Introduction to Library Research in Anthropology. John M. Weeks." Journal of Anthropological Research 54, no. 3 (October 1998): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.54.3.3630663.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Puga Guzmán, J. L., D. Fernández Fernández, R. Dos-Santos, I. González Fernández, E. Perez-Pampín, A. Souto Vilas, and A. Mera Varela. "POS0873 IMPROVEMENT IN MODIFIED RODNAN SKIN SCORE (MRSS) IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH RITUXIMAB: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 692.2–693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3161.

Full text

Abstract:

Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by vascular disease and fibrosis in different organs and systems such as lung and skin (1). Recently, several case reports and small series of patients reported on the efficacy of rituximab in SSc, showing a possible improvement in skin and lung affectations (2). However, registered clinical trials are lacking to determine factors associated with response, maintenance regimen, and long-term efficacy of rituximab in SSc.Objectives:To analyze the efficacy of Rituximab in the treatment of skin fibrosis using the changes of the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) of patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis from the data published in Registered Clinical Trials (RCTs) in the scientific literature.Methods:We perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis using the main electronic databases to locate all the articles available so far: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science and ACR and EULAR abstracts congress were extracted to assess efficacy outcomes. That efficacy was measured based on the variation of mRSS at 12, 24 and 48 weeks for patients treated with Rituximab versus patients treated with another drug or placebo.Results:3 RCTs contained data regarding mRSS at week 12 of treatment with Rituximab. The estimated SMD was -1.071 (95% CI -1.608, -0.535 [p <0.001]) with a non-significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.703) and non-significant heterogeneity through I2 (I2 = 0.00%).9 studies contained data regarding mRSS at week 24 of treatment with Rituximab. The estimated SMD was -1.743 (CI95% -2.622, -0.864 [p <0.001], see image below) with a non-significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.072) and significant heterogeneity through I2 (I2 = 86.6%). Meta-regression analysis could not be performed to assess such heterogeneity, due to the lack of comparable data.8 RCTs contained data regarding mRSS at week 48 of Rituximab treatment. The estimated SMD was -1.327 (CI95% -2.018, -0.636 [p <0.001]) with a significant P value in the Egger Test (P = 0.018), estimating that there may be publication bias in the studies analyzed and significant heterogeneity by I2 (I2 = 85.2%). Meta-regression analysis could not be performed to assess such heterogeneity, due to the lack of comparable data.Conclusion:Our meta-analysis shows that Rituximab treatment in patients affected with systemic sclerosis shows efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous fibrosis measured by the mRSS, turning this molecule into a potential drug to add to the therapeutic armamentarium of systemic sclerosis. However, more studies are necessary to try to elucidate whether this change is powerful enough to become the new gold standard for the treatment of systemic sclerosis skin involvement.References:[1]Stern EP, Denton CP. The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2015;41:367–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2015.04.002.[2]Thiebaut M, Launay D, Rivière S, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in systemic sclerosis: French retrospective study and literature review. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(6):582-587. https://doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.12.010.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Shah, Zunairah, Madeeha Shafqat, Faiza Jamil, Mustafa Nadeem Malik, Abdul Rafae, Shehroz Aslam, Anum Qureshi, et al. "Promising Clinical Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of Isatuximab Based Regimens for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110243.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction: Despite the recent advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), there is a constant need of newer therapies in order to treat the complex issue of the disease relapse and refractory disease. Isatuximab (ISA) is a non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody that acts through immune cell engagement and direct tumor targeting. We report efficacy & toxicity of ISA in newly diagnosed MM ((NDMM) as well as relapsed, refractory MM (RRMM) patients (pts). Methods: Following Prisma guidelines, we performed a comprehensive literature search on articles published after January 2012 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov. On initial search, 246 articles were found and after a detailed screening, 6 completed and 11 ongoing phase I/II/III studies were included. Results: A total of 249 pts were included. Two hundred thirty-four pts had RRMM while 15 pts had NDMM, overall response rate (ORR) was 37.60% and 87% respectively. In a phase I trial involving 34 pts with RRMM, single-agent ISA (1-20 mg/kg) was given. The median age of pts was 64 years (y) [range (r) = 38-85]. The overall response rate (ORR) was 24% with a partial response (PR) in 18% pts. The most common adverse events (AEs) were nausea (34%), fatigue (49%), fever (29%) and headache (26%) and upper respiratory infection (23%). In a phase II trial, 97 pts with RRMM were stratified into 4 groups. Single-agent ISA [3mg/kg, every 2 week,(Q2W); 10 mg/kg, Q2W - every 4 weeks (Q4W); 10 mg/kg (Q2W), 20 mg/kg (QW-Q2W)] was given. The median age of pts was 62.5 y (r = 38-85). The ORR was 9%, 20%, 29% and 24% respectively. The cumulative ORR was 20.6%. The median time to first response was 1.4 months (M) while the median duration of response was 6.6 M. The most common AEs were nausea (33%), fatigue (30%), diarrhea (26%) and cough (24%). In a phase Ib trial, 57 pts with RRMM were stratified into 5 groups. ISA [3 mg/kg (Q2W); 5 mg/kg (Q2W); 10 mg/kg (Q2W); 10 mg/kg (QW-Q2W); 20 mg/kg (QW-Q2W)] in combination with lenalidomide (R) (25mg), and dexamethasone (D) (40 mg) was given. The median age of pts was 61 y (r = 42-76). The median time since the initial diagnosis was 4 y. The ORR was 33%, 67%, 63%, 50%, and 50% respectively. The cumulative ORR was 56% with complete response (CR) in 3.8 % pts, very good partial response (VGPR) in 32.7 % pts and PR in 19.2 % pts. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.5 M (r=4.73-16.59). The most common grade 3 and 4 AEs were neutropenia (60%), lymphopenia (58%), leukopenia (53%), anemia (25%), thrombocytopenia (38%), pneumonia (9%), fatigue (7%), and dyspnea (4%). In another phase Ib trial, 36 pts with RRMM were stratified into 3 groups. ISA (5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) in combination with pomalidomide (P) (4 mg), and D (40 mg) was given. The ORR was 63%, 55%, and 50% respectively. The cumulative ORR was 55.5%. The median time to first response was 4.1 weeks (W) while the median duration of response was 33.1 W. The most common grade 3 AEs were neutropenia (81%), lymphopenia (75%), and leukopenia (75%). In another phase Ib trial involving 10 pts with RRMM, ISA (10-20 mg/kg) in combination with carfilzomib (CFZ) (27 mg) was given. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 4.5 (2-8). The ORR was 80% with VGPR in 20% pts and PR in 60% pts. The most common grade 3 and 4 AEs were lymphopenia (64%), anemia (9%), and neutropenia (9%). In a phase Ib trial involving 15 pts with NDMM, ISA (10 mg) in combination with bortezomib (V) (1.3 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (CY) (300 mg/m2) was given. The median age of pts was 71 y (r= 68-80). The ORR was 87% with CR in 33% pts, VGPR in 27% pts, and PR in 27% pts. The median time to first response was 1.5 M while the median duration of response was 11 M. The most common grade 3 and 4 AEs were lymphopenia (50%), leucopenia (18%), neutropenia (8%), anemia (6%) and thrombocytopenia (6%). Conclusion: In RRMM pts, ISA as a single agent has shown weaker efficacy when compared to combination regimens i.e. ORR 21% vs. 58%. The best result was seen when ISA was used in combination with CFZ demonstrating an ORR of 80%. In NDMM pts, combination regimens have shown excellent efficacy with an ORR of 87%. Nausea and fatigue were the major AEs reported with the monotherapy while neutropenia, leucopenia, and lymphopenia were the major AEs reported with the combination regimens. Further studies involving a larger population are required to gather evidence in favor of the improved efficacy and to evaluate AEs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Helde Frankling, Maria, Caritha Klasson, Carina Sandberg, Marie Nordström, Anna Warnqvist, Jenny Bergqvist, Peter Bergman, and Linda Björkhem-Bergman. "‘Palliative-D’—Vitamin D Supplementation to Palliative Cancer Patients: A Double Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Trial." Cancers 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153707.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the ‘Palliative-D’ study was to test the hypothesis that correction of vitamin D deficiency reduces opioid use in cancer patients admitted to palliative care. A multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in three home-based palliative care facilities in Sweden was performed. Patients with advanced cancer and 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L were randomized to vitamin D3 4000 IU/day or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the difference of long-acting opioid use (fentanyl ug/h) between the groups during 12 weeks, based on four time points. Secondary outcomes included changes in antibiotic use, fatigue and Quality of Life (QoL). A total of 244 patients were randomized, and 150 patients completed the 12 weeks. The major reason for drop-out was death due to cancer. The vitamin D-group had a significantly smaller increase of opioid doses compared to the placebo-group; beta coefficient −0.56 (p = 0.03), i.e., 0.56 µg less fentanyl/h per week with vitamin D treatment. Vitamin D-reduced fatigue assessed with ESAS was −1.1 points after 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Antibiotic use or QoL did not differ significantly between the groups. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated. In conclusion, correction of vitamin D deficiency may have positive effects on opioid use and fatigue in palliative cancer patients, but only in those with a survival time more than 12 weeks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Manek, Kishore A. "Evaluation of efficacy of a nanoparticle based vitamin D formulation in correction of vitamin D levels in patients with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20171889.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: In India more than 90% of apparently healthy Indians have subnormal 25(OH) D levels. To maintain sufficient vitamin D level, apart from sunlight and food containing vitamin D, supplementation with vitamin D is also required. The objective of this study was to find out effectiveness of nanoparticle based vitamin D formulations in patient of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiencyMethods: This was a prospective, open label, single arm, non-comparative, dose response post-marketing efficacy study (PMS) – phase-4 study to find the effectiveness of a nanoparticle based vitamin D formulation in adult patients between 18 to 65 years of either gender, attending/visiting the study site with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D (<30 ng/ml) or sign and symptoms of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Each subject planned to receive 60,000 IU of nanoparticle based vitamin D, once weekly, for 8 weeks orally. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at baseline, 4 and 8 week.Results: The mean baseline serum 25[OH] D levels were 15.90. After treatment with nanoparticle based vitamin D there was a significant increase in the serum vitamin D levels at 4 weeks (41.03) and 8 weeks (31.38) (p<0.0001). Patients who have received treatment for at least 4 weeks’ period (n=38), the improvement (serum 25[OH] D >30 ng/ml) was seen in 84.2% patients (n=32) at the end of 4 weeks itself. There is significant increased (<0.0001) in the physical component scores of the SF-12 QOL questionnaire after 8 weeks of therapy.Conclusions: Nanoparticle based formulation of vitamin D3 is effective and safe in correction of vitamin D levels in patients with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Also the safety and tolerability is well accepted and reported good to excellent by patients and physician.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Khawaja, Nahla, Mohammed Liswi, Mohammed El-Khateeb, Dana Hyassat, Dalila Bajawi, Mayada Elmohtaseb, Hussein Alkhateeb, and Kamel Ajlouni. "Vitamin D Dosing Strategies Among Jordanians With Hypovitaminosis D." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190015626334.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To compare between weekly and daily cholecalciferol in patients with hypovitaminosis D and to determine the optimal maintenance dose. Methods: Seventy-one volunteers with hypovitaminosis D were randomly assigned to 2 dose regimens: cholecalciferol 50 000 IU weekly for 8 weeks, then 50 000 IU monthly for 2 months (group A) and 7000 IU daily for 8 weeks, then 12 500 IU weekly for 2 months (group B). Cholecalciferol was stopped for 2 months and reintroduced as 50 000 IU bimonthly for group A and 50 000 IU monthly for group B. Results: Two months after therapy, the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level increased from 11.4 to 51.2 ng/mL and from 11.7 to 44.9 ng/mL in groups A and B, respectively ( P = .065). The levels of 25(OH)D declined similarly in both groups during maintenance and after holding therapy. After resuming cholecalciferol, 25(OH)D levels increased to 33.8 and 28.8 ng/mL in groups A and B, respectively ( P = .027). There was a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and body mass index (BMI; P = .040). Conclusion: Timing and frequency of the dosing (daily vs weekly) have no effect on the rise in serum 25(OH)D levels as long as the accumulative dose of cholecalciferol is similar. Cholecalciferol 50 000 IU bimonthly is required to maintain sufficient 25(OH)D levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Khan, Q. J., B. F. Kimler, P. Sharma, P. S. Reddy, S. Baxa, J. R. Klemp, and C. J. Fabian. "Vitamin D levels during and after high-dose vitamin D supplementation in women with early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20561-e20561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20561.

Full text

Abstract:

e20561 Background: Experts define vitamin D deficiency as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level of < 20 ng/ml; a level < 32 ng/ml is considered insufficient for bone health and > 40 ng/ml may be associated with optimum musculoskeletal function and reduced risk for breast cancer. We conducted a study to determine the effect of high dose vitamin D3 at 50,000 IU/wk (HD vitD) on musculoskeletal symptoms from adjuvant letrozole in breast cancer patients. We present here the effectiveness of HD vitD in achieving optimum 25OHD levels and the rate of decline of 25OHD levels after 12 weeks of HD vitD. Methods: The cohort included post-menopausal women with early stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer initiating letrozole treatment. Women with baseline 25OHD levels < 40 ng/ml received 12 weeks of HD vitD. 25OHD levels were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks during HD vitD supplementation and at 3 and 6 months after completing HD vitD but while taking maintenance dose of 600–1000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. Results: 40 women that received HD vitD completed the follow-up phase of the study and are included in this analysis. At entry on study, median 25OHD level was 23 ng/ml; 38% of the women had vitD deficiency, 75% had insufficiency, and 93% had 25OHD levels < 40 ng/ml. Six weeks of HD vitD increased median 25OHD level to 60 ng/ml and another 6 weeks increased it further to 66 ng/ml. With only 6 weeks of HD vitD supplementation, 98% of the women achieved a 25OHD level of > 40 ng/ml. Median 25OHD levels 3 and 6 months after completion of HD vitD were 49 and 40 ng/ml, respectively. The median rate of decrease in vitD levels per month was 6.8% of the level at completion of supplementation. Using linear regression analysis, projected changes in 25OHD levels were calculated for each subject. Median extrapolated time to drop to a 25OHD level of < 40 ng/ml was 6.0 months, to <32 ng/ml was 7.8 months, and to <20 ng /ml was 10.6 months. Conclusions: Supplementation with vitD3 at 50,000 IU/week for 6 weeks is sufficient to achieve a 25OHD level of >40 ng/ml in 98% of postmenopausal women with breast cancer on an AI. After 12 weeks of HD vitD, there is a steady decline in 25OHD levels at a rate of about 7% per month despite continuing on 600 to 1000 IU of D3 daily. Thus, standard doses of D3 are not adequate to maintain 25OHD levels achieved by HD vitD. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Takeuchi, Tsutomu, Carter Thorne, George Karpouzas, Shihong Sheng, Weichun Xu, Ravi Rao, Kaiyin Fei, Benjamin Hsu, and Paul P. Tak. "Sirukumab for rheumatoid arthritis: the phase III SIRROUND-D study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 12 (August 30, 2017): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211328.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology. Unlike IL-6 receptor inhibitors, sirukumab is a human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the IL-6 cytokine. The phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group SIRROUND-D study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT01604343) evaluated the efficacy and safety of sirukumab in patients with active RA refractory to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.MethodsPatients were randomised 1:1:1 to treatment with sirukumab 100 mg every 2 weeks, 50 mg every 4 weeks or placebo every 2 weeks subcutaneously. Results through week 52 are reported.ResultsOf 1670 randomised patients, significantly more patients achieved American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response at week 16 (coprimary endpoint) with sirukumab 100 mg every 2 weeks (53.5%) or 50 mg every 4 weeks (54.8%) versus placebo (26.4%; both p<0.001). Mean (SD) change from baseline in modified Sharp/van der Heijde score at week 52 (coprimary endpoint) was significantly lower with sirukumab (100 mg every 2 weeks: 0.46 (3.26); 50 mg every 4 weeks: 0.50 (2.96)) versus placebo (3.69 (9.25); both p<0.001). All major secondary endpoints (week 24 Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index change from baseline, ACR50 response, 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on C reactive protein and major clinical response (ACR70 for six continuous months by week 52)) were met. The most common adverse events with sirukumab were elevated liver enzymes, upper respiratory tract infection, injection site erythema and nasopharyngitis.ConclusionsSirukumab 100 mg every 2 weeks and 50 mg every 4 weeks led to significant reductions in RA symptoms, inhibition of structural damage progression and physical function and quality of life improvements, with an expected safety profile.Trial registration numberNCT01604343; Results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Orme, N. "John Holt (d. 1504), Tudor schoolmaster grammarian." Library 18, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/18.4.283.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'I.D. Weeks Library'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles