Journal articles: 'I2C protocol'

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., Shilpa Kanse. "PROTOCOL CONVERTER (UART, I2C, MANCHESTER PROTOCOLS TO USB)." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 01 (January 25, 2015): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0401016.

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Trunin, P. A., L. S. Prokhorenko, D. S. Mishchenkov, and D. D. Klimov. "Development of Protocol-Independent Modular Architecture for Three Axis Force Sensor Data Processing." Programmnaya Ingeneria 12, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/prin.12.3-7.

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The protocol-independent architecture for three axis force sensor data processing is considered. The force sensor is based on a MLX90393 triaxial magnetic sensor, capable of transmitting data via SPI protocol or I2C protocol, depending on the force sensor modification. The data generated by the MLX90393 requires additional processing before usage. To address this issue a software library is developed. Such a library shall provide means for protocol selection based on the force sensor modification. Three alternative architectural library implementations are considered: the two independent program modules for both SPI and I2C protocol data transmission and processing, the two dependent program modules for SPI and I2C data transmission and one template-based module for the data processing, the two dependent program modules for SPI and I2C data transmission based on a single abstract class and the data processing module working with a pointer to the abstract class implementation. Three experimental library implementations are developed, nine experiments are performed with varying library usage setups, supplemented with one experiment with no data processing for the reference. Various criteria are considered, both quantitative and qualitative, including, but not limited to the compiled program size and the ease of library integration. The experimental results are analysed with the help of stated criteria, conclusions and practical recommendations are made.

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Wang, Chong. "RGB Primary Color LED Backlight System Based on MCU." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1719.

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A solution was proposed for the purpose of backlight. According to the principle of three primary color£¬A kind of RGB led backlight was designed with ncp6223 chip dedicated to the RGB illumination or backlight LCD display when ncp5623 was controlled by MCU. The realization of I2C bus which was used to control ncp5623 was taken the measure of direct driving of ncp5623 Using two arbitrary general-purpose IO pin of MCU. In respect of communication protocol, the software simulation was taken. Moreover only minimum system was needed for MCU. This method mentioned above simplified design and cut the cost because of absence of master I2C controller. In respect of software design, every template which realized a function of ncp5623 in the manner of software simulation of I2c protocol was given. In another word, a general method was given. From these templates, a lot of design such as Gradual intensity Dimming, RGB function and so on can be realized. This has a great signification for teaching and practice.

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Duan, Yuxin. "I2C data transfer program design and communication protocol improvement." Lecture Notes on Wireless Networks and Communications 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/lnwnc.2018.11001.

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Kaith, Deepa, Janakkumar B. Patel, and Neeraj Gupta. "An Introduction to Functional Verification of I2C Protocol using UVM." International Journal of Computer Applications 121, no. 13 (July 18, 2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21599-4703.

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., D. Bindu Tushara. "IMAGE COMPRESSION ON FPGA AND TRANSFER USING ZIGBEE/I2C PROTOCOL." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 18 (May 25, 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0418010.

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KUMAR, K. M. SIVA, and B. GOPALA KRISHNAN. "Design and Implementation of Vehicle Control System Using I2C Protocol." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 3, no. 11 (November 20, 2014): 12933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0311021.

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Reddy, K. Surya Narayana. "Design and Verification of USB-I2C Bridge Protocol by OVM." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 8, no. 2 (2013): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-0822731.

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Shetty P S, Kiran Guruprasad, Dr Ravish Aradhya H V, and Eswar Goda. "Comparison of Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) of Core Voltage Using the On-board Voltage Regulator and External Voltage Regulator via I2C Protocol in Automotive Micro controller." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 18, 2021): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05350.

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Dynamic Voltage Scaling is performed on automotive micro-controller AURIX from Infineon Technologies. In this micro-controller the core and different IPs operate on the 1.25 V supply rail, so dynamically voltage is changed according to the workload in the micro-controller. DVS is done either using an internal onboard voltage regulator or an external voltage regulator. An External board (KITPF3000FRDMEV), which has a controller and a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) is used for changing the supply voltage to the micro-controller during DVS using an external voltage regulator. The micro-controller is predicting the workload and according to workload, the control command is sent to the controller (FRDM-KL25) in the kit through I2C communication and then the controller sends the command to adjust the voltage of PMIC (PF3000) through I2C communication. Both current measurements for the internal voltage regulator and external voltage regulator are measured for various loads and latency is measured for various baud rates while using external voltage regulator through I2C protocol.

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Lee, Sangrok, Jiwoo Park, and Sooyong Park. "Dynamic Link Key Generation Algorithm for Hardware Oracle Problem in I2C Protocol." Journal of KIISE 47, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2020.47.2.216.

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Ardi Sumbodo, Bakhtiar Alldino, and Agfianto Eko Putra. "Desain dan Implementasi On-Board Computer/ On-Board Data Handling (OBDH) pada UGM-SAT." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.7155.

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AbstrakTelah berhasil dibuat model teknik subsistem OBDH dari UGM-SAT. Subsistem OBDH bertugas untuk mengendalikan pertukaran data dan komunikasi antara OBDH dengan subsistem lain. Pengendali utama dari OBDH menggunakan mikrokontroler PIC16F877A dengan frekuensi clock 20 Mhz. OBDH dilengkapi dengan empat buah eksternal EEPROM tipe 24LC256, digunakan untuk menyimpan data housekeeping satelit.Sub sistem OBDH dilengkapi dengan tiga buah sensor yaitu sensor arus ACS712ELCTR-05B-T, sensor tegangan dan sensor suhu LM355Z. Akurasi pengukuran ketiga sensor tersebut yaitu lebih dari 99%.Sub sistem OBDH dilengkapi dengan IC Real Time Clock (RTC) DS3232M dengan internal clock 32,768 KHz, digunakan untuk menyesuaikan waktu antara OBDH dengan subsistem lainnya.Pemilihan komponen pada subsistem OBDH diharuskan memenuhi kriteria yaitu berstandar industri, berukuran kecil dan memiliki tingkat konsumsi listrik rendah.Desain OBDH dirancang agar sistem dapat beroperasi pada kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrim. Komunikasi antara OBDH dengan subsistem lain menggunakan standar komunikasi I2C. Protokol komunikasi data antar subsistem dirancang dengan mengimplementasikan algoritma kode Hamming(8,4), untuk mencegah kesalahan penulisan data housekeeping pada EEPROM eksternal, yang disebabkan oleh radiasi. Kecepatan deteksi dan koreksi kesalahan pada data telemetri dengan algoritma kode Hamming(8,4) yaitu 1.800 byte/s. Model teknik OBDH dari UGM-SAT telah memenuhi spesifikasi standar dari misi satelit dan siap untuk dilakukan pengujian perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak lebih lanjut. Kata kunci—OBC/OBDH, algoritma kode Hamming(8,4), deteksi dan koreksi data, I2C Abstract The engineering model of OBDH for UGM-SAT was designed to control data handling program and tointerface the satellite subsystems to OBDH. The OBDH’s based on the Microchip microcontroller PIC16F877A with 20 Mhz clock speed. The system’s equipped with four external 24LC512 EEPROM’s with a storage capacity of 256 kB. The external memories’re used to store housekeeping information. The system’s equipped with a ACS712ELCTR-05B-T current sensor, voltage sensor and LM335Z temperature sensor. The accuracy of the measurements’re more than 99%. The system’s also equipped with IC Real Time Clock (RTC) DS3232M with an internal clock of 32.768 Hz, which’s used to synchronize the time between OBDH with other subsystems.The components of OBDH was chosen with industrial standards, small packages and low power. OBDH’s designed to operate in environments with extreme temperature conditions. The communication with other subsystems was designed to use I2C-bus. Protocol data for communication between the satellite subsystems have been designed. A HammingCode(8,4) algorithm has been implemented to protect housekeeping information from being corrupted due to radiation. Error detection and correction speed is 1.800 byte/s. The engineering model of OBDH for UGM-SAT have met the standard specifications, and ready for further testing hardware and software. Keywords—OBC/OBDH, Hamming Code(8,4) algorithm, error detection and correction, I2C

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Valente, Giacomo, Vittoriano Muttillo, Mirco Muttillo, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni, Walter Tiberti, and Luigi Pomante. "SPOF—Slave Powerlink on FPGA for Smart Sensors and Actuators Interfacing for Industry 4.0 Applications." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091633.

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We here present a new PLC-POWERLINK industrial solution for Industry 4.0 applications. The proposed solution provides the capability to separate the sensing functionality from the PLC-side, in demand for the reconfigurable FPGA implementation. In particular, we here provide a framework that supports the interfacing between the POWERLINK protocol and commonly used standards, such as I2C, SPI, and UART. This has been obtained by using a framework built around a soft IP-core Application Processor, which manages the interfacing with several POWERLINK slaves, able to support the data exchange with the POWERLINK Communication Processor. A practical application example and related implementation details are presented in the paper.

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Jiménez-Naharro, Raúl, Fernando Gómez-Bravo, Jonathan Medina-García, Manuel Sánchez-Raya, and Juan Gómez-Galán. "A Smart Sensor for Defending against Clock Glitching Attacks on the I2C Protocol in Robotic Applications." Sensors 17, no. 4 (March 25, 2017): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17040677.

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Chen, Yongdang, Fuli Xiao, Lin Yu, and Pengjuan Cui. "Design of Multi-Line Elastic Belt Conveying Control System for Knitting Machine Based on I2C Protocol." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 51803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979627.

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Maevskaya, E. J., S. I. Senik, M. V. Negretskul, and D. V. Polishchuk. "LABORATORY STAND SMART HOUSE ON THE BASIS ARDUINO NANO PLATFORMS USING THE SEQUENTIAL I2C DATA EXCHANGE PROTOCOL." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 34, no. 110 (August 30, 2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.34.110.2021.11.

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Visconti, P., G. Giannotta, R. Brama, P. Primiceri, R. de Fazio, and A. Malvasi. "FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION, FIRMWARE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLEX-SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL: ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH I2C STANDARD." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 10, no. 4 (2017): 754–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2018-018.

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Chang, Shyang Lih, Shih Jia Wang, Ming Chih Lu, and Cheng Pei Tsai. "A Data Transfer Integrate System by Using Single Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.960.

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there is a novel data transfer integration system by using single image proposed in this paper. There are many sensors use to monitoring the landslide occurred or not, but the monitoring results have different transmit protocol such as: Wi-Fi, transmit line, 2.4 GHz and ZigBee. This system is a data transfer integration system for all sensors, and it can achieve a real time monitoring system. The system integrate many sensor signals to microprocessor, and convert analog signal to digital signal by using A/D converter, i2c and UART, and the measuring results of sensors and display on a 8*8 matrix LED board. The system use the existing landslide-monitoring camera, and the matrix LED board install in the monitoring area. The result of sensors can be transmit to monitoring center by using single image, the data will not affect by environment, weather and mountain terrains.

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Visconti, P., G. Giannotta, R. Brama, P. Primiceri, A. Malvasi, and A. Centuori. "FEATURES, OPERATION PRINCIPLE AND LIMITS OF SPI AND I2C COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS FOR SMART OBJECTS: A NOVEL SPI-BASED HYBRID PROTOCOL ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR IoT APPLICATIONS." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 10, no. 2 (2017): 262–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-211.

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Hrishikeshavan, Vikram, and Inderjit Chopra. "Refined lightweight inertial navigation system for micro air vehicle applications." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 9, no. 2 (June 2017): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829316682534.

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This paper discusses the design, hardware and software methodology, and testing of an ultralight inertial navigation system (Embedded Lightweight Kinematic Autopilot-Revised (ELKA-R)) that can be used as a controller in a wide range of micro air vehicle systems. ELKA-R was designed using the 32-bit low-power ARM Cortex-M4 microprocessor as the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit interfaced with state of the art 9 degrees-of-freedom inertial measurement unit using inter-integrated circuit communication (I2C) protocol. A wireless transceiver was also incorporated with serial peripheral interface to wirelessly coordinate pilot inputs and sensor information with a remote basestation. Multiple timer protocols were configured to generate individual driver signals to a wide variety of motor and actuator configurations. The printed circuit board was designed as a four layer layout. ELKA-R weighed 1.7 g with a board area of 4.82 cm2, thus making it one of the smallest and lightest kinematic autopilots in open literature that can be applied to any generic micro air vehicle system. ELKA-R was tested on a variety of micro air vehicle flight demonstrators. Hover stabilization rates of 1000 Hz were achieved which were comparable to the autopilots on larger quad rotor systems such as DJI Phantom and AR-Drone. Oscillations in attitude were reduced by up to 50%–70% when compared with a previous generation lightweight autopilot.

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Bečkovský, David, and František Vajkay. "BRESET - Remote Sensing Technology for Building Physics Research of Structures." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.575.

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For the interaction with certain equipment engineers and scientist do have a need to build a wide range of tools under a dramatically short amount of time. This is what is referred to as BRESET (Building REmote SEnsing Technologies), a development environment created to solve issues, to have an accelerated productivity and be available for continuous innovations. The designed system is based on a credit card size minicomputer which have had brought a revolution to the computing industry, namely the Raspberry Pi, and on a prototyping platform called as Arduino - together ArduPi. From these two units the Raspberry Pi is bound to serve as the brain of the system, while the Arduino is ready to be used as an intermediary element to communicate with the sensors. The units are planned to send data through the widely known and used I2C protocol. This certain combination allows observations to be done for various fields. The connected sensors may be analogue or digital, industrial or DIY type at the exact same time. For example it would be possible to measure humidity, temperature, energy consumption and many more, with the ArduPi. The paper therefore focuses on prototyping in the field of building physics.

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Kiran, N. Chitra, Subham Kumar Pandey, Mohamed Amir Ahmed Abdalla, Suhas Suresh, and Mutaman Amir Ahmed Abdalla. "Cloud based Vehicle Tracking System." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 13, 2021): 4416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2469.

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Vehicle tracking is beneficial for a variety of purposes, including personal vehicle security, public transit systems, fleet management, and more. Furthermore, the number of automobiles on the road is predicted to increase considerably internationally. As a result, a cloud-based vehicle tracking system based on the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem, and the Raspberry Pi processor board is being developed with the goal of allowing customers to easily and conveniently find their automobiles. The GPS and GSM modules in the tracking system are used to readily find the user's vehicle. The GPS module is used to track the vehicle's location using information such as latitude and longitude. These values are sent to the user through SMS using a GSM modem. Alcohol consumption is detected with the MQ-3 Alcohol sensor. The user can monitor the sensor data via the thingspeak channel. The latitude and longitude coordinates, as well as a webpage to plot the exact position of the vehicle, will be supplied to the user by e-mail. The Raspberry Pi processor board receives the data and outputs the result. The hardware prototype for a cloud-based vehicle tracking system is shown in this study. The GPS receiver module, GSM module, I2C Protocol, Raspberry Pi board, camera, and MQ-3 alcohol sensor are the system's primary hardware devices.

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Jasim, Ali M., H. H. Qasim, Ethar Habeeb Jasem, and Raed Hasan Saihood. "An internet of things based smart waste system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2577-2585.

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The importance of preserving the environment from waste and its pollution lies in many matters such as preserving people health, enhancing the aesthetic character of cites, attracting tourists, and protecting society from environmental disasters. The environmental wastes are the main dilemmas in our daily life and in the world at large. With the existence of modern technology, development and the field of the internet, many solutions have been undertaken to get rid these dilemmas. In this paper, a smart waste system based on internet of things (IoT) technique has been proposed using ESP-32 Wi-Fi microcontroller. This system can be adopted to avoid the accumulation of waste in the streets that distort the face of civilization, also to reduce the burden of workers and limit the workforce. The system is based on a multiple sensors in the garbage baskets, as they measure the waste level by using ultrasonic sensor, the moisture percent and temperature degree using DHT-22 sensor. The sensors data are processed by ESP32 microcontroller and displayed to both LCD screen using I2C protocol and mobile application using IoT cloud. System baskets automatically open their covers when the person approaches with a distance less or equal to 30 cm to throw garbage. Any approval waste basket is automatically discharged through an underground dump system using conveyor belt if the basket is full by 80% garbage and/or the basket moisture reaches to 40%.

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Uppalapati, Srilakshmi. "Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Optimization Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190510.

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A wide range of applications include in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and it is being used extensively in data collection specifically to process the mission-critical tasks. The implementation of routing protocols of energy-efficient (EE) is one of the significant challenging jobs of Sensor Networks (MC-SSN) and Mission Critical Sensors. In hierarchical routing protocols, higher EE can reach when compared to the flat routing protocols. The network’s scheduling process doesn’t support enhanced balanced Energy-efficient network-integrated super-heterogeneous (E-BEENISH), which discusses earlier. An Energy. Energy efficient Time scheduling based particle swarm optimization unequal fault tolerance clustering protocol (EE-TDMA-PSO-UFC) is proposed in this paper. Based on the distance parameter, an efficient cluster head (CH) is selected in this protocol. Owing to the unexpected failure of MCH (Master Cluster Head), an additional “CH” is chosen that is termed as Surrogate cluster head (SCH) for the restoration of network’s connectivity in the protocol of PSO-UFC. Based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) protocols, the consumption of Energy. Energy is reduced with the allocation of timeslots during transmission of data. Using the technique of EE-TDMA-PSOUFC, the network’s lifespan improves than CEEC and E-BEENISH protocols according to the assessment of simulation results.

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Mesmoudi, Asma, Samira Mesmoudi, Zakarya Houari, and Khelifa Mostefa. "A Novel Static Cluster-Based Hierarchical Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200306.

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Wireless sensor networks have recently gained a lot of attention from the scientific community due to their very wide spectrum of applications. In such networks, the sensor nodes have limited resources. These constraints impose many challenges to the design of related protocols. Especially, routing protocols should be energy-efficient for the prolonged network lifetime. The LEACH protocol is the most popular energy-efficient hierarchical clustering protocol for WSNs that was proposed for reducing power consumption. However, LEACH suffers from several drawbacks such as the non uniform distribution of Cluster Head nodes, the possibility of choosing a low energy node as Cluster Head, etc. In this paper, an attempt is made to overcome this shortcoming by introducing a new hierarchical clustering protocol, called SCHP (Static Cluster-based Hierarchical Protocol). The SCHP protocol is based on a static cluster creation and an optimal cluster head selection. Simulation results show that the proposal guarantees better performance than the LEACH Protocol that is considered as the baseline in the literature. We used many metrics, as packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption to evaluate the efficiency of our proposal. We show also that the SCHP protocol can improve the network lifetime.

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Leens, Frederic. "An introduction to I2C and SPI protocols." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 12, no. 1 (February 2009): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2009.4762946.

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Хорошайлова, М. В., А. В. Чернышов, and Д. А. Леденев. "PROGRAMMING METHOD OF THE MDR32F9Q2I MICROCONTROLLER IN CONTROL AND MONITORING TASKS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.17.2.012.

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Разработана методика, обеспечивающая полный спектр организации работ по программированию микроконтроллера MDR32F9Q2I, которая позволяет получить, в частности, системы управления и мониторинга источников вторичного электроснабжения. Программирование микроконтроллера, построенного на базе высокопроизводительного процессорного RISC ядра ARM, производилось в интегрированной среде разработки Eclipse IDE в операционной системе Windows 10 Pro. Интегрированная среда разработки Eclipse выбрана как наиболее удобная и доступная среда, поддерживает всевозможные типы языков программирования и непрерывную компиляцию. В настоящее время 16- и 32-битные микроконтроллеры быстро набирают популярность в сфере промышленных задач. Их применение обусловлено постоянно возрастающей сложностью задач, жесткими требованиями к производительности интегрируемых контроллеров управления, необходимостью иметь в электронных устройствах развитые органы пользовательского управления. Представленный стенд для моделирования, использующий интерфейсный мост между шинами I2C и 1-Wire - DS2482-100, преобразует протоколы между управляющим I2C микроконтроллером (мастером) и ведомыми 1-Wire устройствами, а также контролирует скорости нарастания и уменьшения напряжения в линии. Основой для написания класса DS2482 являются заголовочные файлы Arduino.h и OneWire.h, которые находятся в свободном доступе In this article, we developed a technique that provides a full range of organization of works on programming the MDR32F9Q2I microcontroller, which allows you to obtain control and monitoring systems for secondary power supply sources. The microcontroller based on the high-performance ARM RISC processor core was programmed in the Eclipse IDE on the Windows 10 Pro operating system. We chose the Eclipse integrated development environment as the most convenient and accessible environment, it supports all kinds of programming languages and continuous compilation. Currently, 16- and 32-bit microcontrollers are rapidly gaining popularity in the field of industrial tasks. Their use is due to the ever-increasing complexity of tasks, stringent requirements for the performance of integrated controllers, the need to have advanced user controls in electronic devices. We present a simulation stand that uses an interface bridge between the I2C and 1-Wire buses - DS2482-100, converts protocols between the I2C microcontroller (master) and 1-Wire slaves, and also controls the voltage rise and fall rates in the line. The basis for writing the DS2482 class is the Arduino.h and OneWire.h header files, which are freely available

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von Korn, Pia, Hanna Sydow, Sarah Neubauer, André Duvinage, Anja Mocek, Sophia Dinges, Bjoern Hackenberg, et al. "Lifestyle Intervention in Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (the LeIKD study): study protocol of a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e042818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042818.

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IntroductionGuidelines recommend lifestyle intervention in chronic ischaemic heart disease (CIHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence from randomised controlled trials is scarce in patients with combined entities.Methods and analysisThe Lifestyle Intervention in Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (LeIKD) trial is a prospective, multicentre study that will randomise (1:1) patients with CIHD (ICD-10: I20-I25) and T2DM (ICD-10: E11) from one health insurance company into a lifestyle intervention (LS) or usual care (UC). Active LS consists of an individual combined exercise programme of strength and endurance training and nutritional counselling with regular feedback for 6 months. Intervention is supported by telemedicine. Follow-up without individualised feedback will continue for 6 months. The study aims to investigate whether an individualised telemedical supported LS intervention is superior to UC in improving cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, quality of life, health literacy, major cardiovascular events and health economics in patients with both CIHD and T2DM. Primary endpoint is the change in HbA1c from baseline to 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of the Technical University of Munich (registration number: 144/18-S) and at each study site. The study will be conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, and results will be published in articles and reports. It is funded by the Federal Joint Committee (www.innovationsfonds.g-ba.de), reference number 01NVF17015, which has no impact on data collection, analysis or interpretation. Dissemination is independent of the funding source.Trial registration numberClinical trials.gov identifier: NCT03835923. German registry for clinical studies (DRKS): DRKS00015140.

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del Río, Tatiana Mileydy Leal, Luz Noé Oliva Moreno, and Antonio Gustavo Juárez Gracia. "Implementation of the communication protocols SPI and I2C using a FPGA by the HDL-Verilog language." Research in Computing Science 75, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13053/rcs-75-1-3.

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Ravishanker, Ashish K. Luhach, Sykam V. N. Kumar, and Ramesh C. Poonia. "Speed of Things (SoT): Evolution of Isolation-to-Intermingle (I2I) Technology Transition Towards IoT." Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275911666181010114221.

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Background: In today’s world it is highly difficult to manage the smart things and fulfill the communication needs without the Internet as it provides ultimate means for human to human (H2H) communication. The ‘things’ could be entities or devices that contribute for the communication. But to enhance and improve such smart communication among the things that involves nonhuman intervention, there is a need to add few more smart capabilities to the Internet. As the world of Internet is on its way of transformation into a new smart world called ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) where the things should possess the ability of sensing, communication and control to let the things exchange information without complete intervention of humans to provide advanced and qualitative services, which is possible with the help of protocols. Objective: This paper discusses how the transition could be started and being progressed in wired and wireless systems, and how it changes the traditional means of communication among different devices and humans into a smart way. Methods: Transition here refers to how isolated things are being intermingled with each other to generate a smart protocol communication. Results and Conclusion: The aim of such transition is to improve the efficiency, flexibility, adaptability and interoperability. This paper also explores various factors that contribute to IoT.

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Cha, Bong-Sang, Eui-Hoon Jeong, Gwangil Jeon, and Dae-Young Seo. "A study on improvement of ISO/IEC 29157 MAC protocol." Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication 13, no. 5 (October 31, 2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2013.13.5.17.

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Kshirsagar, Dr Jaishree Tukaram, and Dr Kokhila S. "Standard dental operating protocol in COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2021.v7.i1c.1131.

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Rowe, Fiona J., Carmel Noonan, and Melanie Manuel. "Comparison of Octopus Semi-Automated Kinetic Perimetry and Humphrey Peripheral Static Perimetry in Neuro-Ophthalmic Cases." ISRN Ophthalmology 2013 (July 15, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753202.

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Aim. To compare semikinetic perimetry (SKP) on Octopus 900 perimetry to a peripheral static programme with Humphrey automated perimetry. Methods. Prospective cross-section study comparing Humphrey full field (FF) 120 two zone programme to a screening protocol for SKP on Octopus perimetry. Results were independently graded for presence/absence of field defect plus type and location of defect. Results. 64 patients (113 eyes) underwent dual perimetry assessment. Mean duration of assessment for SKP was 4.54 minutes ±0.18 and for FF120 (). 80% of results were correctly matched for normal or abnormal visual fields using the I4e target versus FF120, and 73.5% were correctly matched using the I2e target versus FF120. When comparing Octopus results with combined I4e and I2e isopters to the FF120 result, a match for normal or abnormal fields was recorded in 87%. Conclusions. Humphrey perimetry test duration was generally longer than Octopus SKP. In the absence of kinetic perimetry, peripheral static suprathreshold programme options such as FF120 may be useful for detection of visual field defects. However, statokinetic dissociation may occur. Octopus SKP utilising both I4e and I2e targets provides detailed information of both the defect depth and size and may provide a more representative view of the actual visual field defect.

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Williamson, Victoria, Michael Larkin, Tessa Reardon, Samantha Pearcey, Claire Hill, Paul Stallard, Susan H. Spence, et al. "Codesign and development of a primary school based pathway for child anxiety screening and intervention delivery: a protocol, mixed-methods feasibility study." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e044852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044852.

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IntroductionAnxiety difficulties are among the most common mental health problems in childhood. Despite this, few children access evidence-based interventions, and school may be an ideal setting to improve children’s access to treatment. This article describes the design, methods and expected data collection of the Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools – Identification to Intervention (iCATS i2i) study, which aims to develop acceptable school-based procedures to identify and support child anxiety difficulties.Methods and analysisiCATS i2i will use a mixed-methods approach to codesign and deliver a set of procedures—or ‘pathway’—to improve access to evidence-based intervention for child anxiety difficulties through primary schools in England. The study will consist of four stages, initially involving in-depth interviews with parents, children, school staff and stakeholders (stage 1) to inform the development of the pathway. The pathway will then be administered in two primary schools, including screening, feedback to parents and the offer of treatment where indicated (stage 2), with participating children, parents and school staff invited to provide feedback on their experience (stages 3 and 4). Data will be analysed using Template Analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe iCATS i2i study was approved by the University of Oxford’s Research Ethics Committee (REF R64620/RE001). It is expected that this codesign study will lead on to a future feasibility study and, if indicated, a randomised controlled trial. The findings will be disseminated in several ways, including via lay summary report, publication in academic journals and presentation at conferences. By providing information on child, parent, school staff and other stakeholder’s experiences, we anticipate that the findings will inform the development of an acceptable evidence-based pathway for identification and intervention for children with anxiety difficulties in primary schools and may also inform broader approaches to screening for and treating youth mental health problems outside of clinics.

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Bouakkaz, Fatima, Wided Ali, and Makhlouf Derdour. "Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200108.

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Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.

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Stesina, Fabrizio. "Validation of a Test Platform to Qualify Miniaturized Electric Propulsion Systems." Aerospace 6, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6090099.

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Miniaturized electric propulsion systems are one of the main technologies that could increase interest in CubeSats for future space missions. However, the integration of miniaturized propulsion systems in modern CubeSat platforms presents some issues due to the mutual interactions in terms of power consumption, chemical contamination and generated thermal and electro-magnetic environments. The present paper deals with the validation of a flexible test platform to assess the interaction of propulsion systems with CubeSat-technologies from mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical perspectives. The test platform is a 6U CubeSat hosting an electric propulsion system and able to manage a variety of electric propulsion systems. The platform can regulate and distribute electric power (up to 60 W), exchange data according to several protocols (e.g., CAN bus, UART, I2C, SPI), and provide different mechanical layouts in 4U box completely dedicated to the propulsion system. Moreover, the data gathered by the onboard sensors are combined with the data from external devices and tools providing unprecedented information about the mutual behavior of a CubeSat platform and an electric propulsion system.

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Lewer, Joshua J., Colin Corbett, Tanya M. Marcum, and Jannett Highfill. "Modeling Student Effort: Flat Tires and Dead Batteries." American Economist 66, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434521991044.

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This article develops a student effort model that considers several uncertainties students face: the chance of missing an exam as well as the uncertainty associated with translating knowledge into an exam grade. The model suggests that student effort increases when makeup exams are offered and when grading protocols are adopted that reduce knowledge-to-grade frictions; effects on student utility depend on time endowments, and leisure preferences. JEL Classifications: A20, D81, I21

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van Kleunen, Wouter A. P., Niels A. Moseley, Paul J. M. Havinga, and Nirvana Meratnia. "Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/791046.

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We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters.

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Jang, Kil-Woong, Jang-Se Lee, and Hyu-Chan Park. "Design and Implementation of IEC 61162-4 based TLI Protocol for e-Navigation on Ship." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 14, no. 2 (February 27, 2010): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2010.14.2.351.

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Kusumah, Hendra, Erick Febriyanto, and Restu Adi Pradana. "Perancangan Modul Trainer Antarmuka Mikrokontroler Berbasis ESP32 Sebagai Media Belajar Pada Mata Kuliah Interfacing." Technomedia Journal 4, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/tmj.v4i1.1029.

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Pada program studi sistem komputer di Universitas Raharja terdapat mata kuliah interfacing dimana materi yang diajarkan berupa teknik interfacing mikrokontroler yang menggunakan tiga jenis protokol interface pada mikrokontroler yaitu interface SPI, I2C, dan UART. Proses pembelajaran pada sesi praktikum di mata kuliah ini mahasiswa harus membawa bahan dan komponen sendiri yang harus dirangkai terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan, dalam merangkai bahan praktikum tentunya memakan waktu yang cukup banyak terlebih bagi sebagian mahasiswa yang belum mengerti konsep mikrokontroler, hal ini menyebabkan proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah interfacing menjadi tidak efektif dan efisien dari sisi waktu dan biaya untuk mencapai tujuan dari pembelajaran mata kuliah interfacing. Dari permasalahan tersebut perlu adanya suatu media pembelajaran berupa alat praktikum atau trainer yang dapat menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran dan praktikum pada mata kuliah interfacing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode prototyping, perancangan serta metode observasi untuk mengamati proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah interfacing. Dengan demikian pada penelitian ini akan menghasilkan trainer antarmuka mikrokontroler yang dilengkapi dengan beberapa komponen pendukung yang sudah saling terhubung dalam satu papan sirkuit yang akan digunakan sebagai alat praktikum mahasiswa untuk menerapkan materi interfacing pada mikrokontroler beserta komponen-komponennya secara langsung yang diharapkan mahasiswa yang menggunakan trainer ini akan mendapatkan pemahaman secara teori maupun penerapannya. Kata kunci: Trainer, Antarmuka, Mikrokontroler

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Kusumah, Hendra, and Restu Adi Pradana. "PENERAPAN TRAINER INTERFACING MIKROKONTROLER DAN INTERNET OF THINGS BERBASIS ESP32 PADA MATA KULIAH INTERFACING." Journal CERITA 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v5i2.237.

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The absence of props remains a constraint on the learning process interfacing subjects where students have difficulty understanding the material obtained, besides because of the lack of microcontroller practice experience, students don't understand how to operate the microcontroller and also because of the lack of basic knowledge about the microcontroller. The design of the microcontroller interface trainer is intended as a teaching aid to help understand microcontroller interfacing using the UART, SPI, and I2C protocols and can be used as an Internet of Things teaching aid to help students practice monitoring and controlling input output on microcontrollers using smartphones over the internet. In designing this trainer, the author had made direct observations on learning activities in interfacing subjects and conducted questions and answers with several students. This trainer uses RFID, RTC and LCD modules as interfacing props that are connected to the ESP32 microcontroller, and there are components in the form of LEDs and potentiometers to practice the concept of the Internet of Things. The GPIO header pins and microcontroller interface pins expansion are also available on this trainer which can be connected with more modules and other components. Modules and components in the design of this trainer are connected with the ESP32 microcontroller in one integrated circuit board so as to provide practicality in its use.

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Vizvari, Zoltan, Attila Toth, Zoltan Sari, Mihaly Klincsik, Bojan Kuljic, Tibor Szakall, Akos Odry, et al. "Measurement system with real time data converter for conversion of I2S data stream to UDP protocol data." Heliyon 6, no. 4 (April 2020): e03760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03760.

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Yaniz Álvarez, Francisco Javier, Pedro Antonio De la Rosa Fernández-Pacheco, Ajona Martínez-Polo, Encarna Díaz Arozarena, Juan Bautista Senar Senar, Nacho Garralda Etxarri, and Asier Morales Villanueva. "Incidencia de Flebitis asociada a Catéteres Centrales de Inserción Periférica en UCI Adultos: Implementación de un Protocolo para Enfermería." Enfermería Global 16, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.1.248081.

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Justificación: La flebitis es una de las complicaciones mas frecuentes de los Catéteres Centrales de Inserción Periférica. La evidencia científica sobre la utilidad de las escalas de medición para el diagnostico de flebitis es escasa. Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de flebitis antes y después de la implementación de un protocolo. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en 159 pacientes ingresados en UCI, a los que se les ha colocado un PICC, en dos periodos equivalentes de dos años consecutivos, Periodo 1 (n=59); frente a un grupo del Periodo 2 (n=100) en el que se aplicó un nuevo protocolo para el diagnóstico y manejo de flebitis (definición de flebitis, aplicación de la Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score y valoración continua). Resultados: El riesgo de ser diagnosticado de flebitis fue significativamente menor en el P2 (OR: 0.09, I.C.95% 0.01-0.52) Conclusiones: La incorporación del protocolo redujo un 90% los diagnósticos de flebitis.

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Shumalo, O. V., and V. Ya Kalakura. "International legislation instrument on surrogate motherhood: prospects of creation." Legal horizons, no. 21 (2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i21.p153.

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Surrogacy is rapidly growing in intensity in almost the entire world, particularly in Ukraine, at the same time rapidly challenging international private law. Significant differences in approaches to this matter between various countries lead to conflict of laws and the need for its resolution at the international level as well as development of appropriate unified rules by creating an international instrument on surrogate motherhood. In this article, the author is trying to find out what the prospects of creating such a special instrument are today. It has been discovered that research on the possibilities of such regulation has been conducted within the framework of the Hague Conference on Private International Law for about ten years. To this end, a special Group of Experts has been set up within the organization to hold annual meetings and report on them. It is established that the need to create an international instrument on crossborder surrogacy agreements has been recognized at the international level. The Expert Group is currently exploring the possibility of implementing this project. The Expert Group decided that the purpose of this document would be to secure the recognition in the States Parties of a court decision on parentage that resulted from surrogacy. Consideration is also given to extending the document on recognition of acts of competent authorities on the registration a child’s birth and their legal status, given that in many countries parentage resulting from use of surrogate motherhood procedures is established without judicial involvement. It has been clarified that an international legal instrument will be developed in the form of a protocol operating in parallel with the Convention on the Recognition of Legal Parentage, which the Expert Group is also currently working on as part of a single project. In the article, it is discovered what features and provisions the future document may contain. Having analyzed the works of scientists, reports of the Expert Group and other materials, the author concludes that in the next few years a draft protocol on the recognition of paternity, established on the basis of cross-border surrogacy agreements, may be developed.

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Davidson, Alex, Ian Goldberg, Nick Sullivan, George Tankersley, and Filippo Valsorda. "Privacy Pass: Bypassing Internet Challenges Anonymously." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2018-0026.

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Abstract The growth of content delivery networks (CDNs) has engendered centralized control over the serving of internet content. An unwanted by-product of this growth is that CDNs are fast becoming global arbiters for which content requests are allowed and which are blocked in an attempt to stanch malicious traffic. In particular, in some cases honest users-especially those behind shared IP addresses, including users of privacy tools such as Tor, VPNs, and I2P - can be unfairly targeted by attempted ‘catch-all solutions’ that assume these users are acting maliciously. In this work, we provide a solution to prevent users from being exposed to a disproportionate amount of internet challenges such as CAPTCHAs. These challenges are at the very least annoying and at their worst - when coupled with bad implementations - can completely block access from web resources. We detail a 1-RTT cryptographic protocol (based on an implementation of an oblivious pseudorandom function) that allows users to receive a significant amount of anonymous tokens for each challenge solution that they provide. These tokens can be exchanged in the future for access without having to interact with a challenge. We have implemented our initial solution in a browser extension named “Privacy Pass”, and have worked with the Cloudflare CDN to deploy compatible server-side components in their infrastructure. However, we envisage that our solution could be used more generally for many applications where anonymous and honest access can be granted (e.g., anonymous wiki editing). The anonymity guarantee of our solution makes it immediately appropriate for use by users of Tor/VPNs/ I2P. We also publish figures from Cloudflare indicating the potential impact from the global release of Privacy Pass.

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Wang, Xiuli, Ryan Urak, Walter Miriam, Laura Lim, Brenda Aguilar, Alfonso Brito, Aniee Sarkissian, et al. "New Therapeutic Approach for Central Nervous System Lymphoma By Intracerebroventricular Delivery of CD19CAR T Cells." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2161.2161.

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Abstract Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is a lymphoid malignancy in which tumors from lymph tissue start in the brain, spinal cord, eye, and/or meninges (primary CNSL) or present as a result of metastasis from initial systemic sites to the CNS (secondary CNSL). The most common CNS lymphomas (about 90%) are B-cell lymphomas. The incidence of primary CNS lymphoma has been increasing over the past 20 years. Multifocal lesions are common. CNS lymphomas carry a worse prognosis than systemic lymphoma. Only a few chemotherapeutic drugs can cross and achieve a therapeutic concentration in the CNS. Therefore, effective treatment is limited and the outcome of disease in relapsed or refractory setting is poor. Recent studies show that intraventricular delivery of rituximab in CNS lymphomas is well tolerated. T cell products that are genetically engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have broad application for adoptive therapy of B cell lineage malignancies and have shown tremendous potential in treatment of systemic lymphoma. In all CD19CAR T cell trials, T cell products are administrated intravenously. CD19CAR T cell trafficking in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is frequently reported but most if not all protocols exclude patients with active CNS involvement. In this study, we set out to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the use of CD19CAR T cells to treat CNSL. Methods and Results: Isolated naïve and central memory T cells (Tn/Tmem) were genetically modified with CD19CAR lentivirus and expanded in vitro for 14 days. 0.1x10^6 human B cell lymphoma Daudi cells were injected intracranially into NSG mice. Tumor was allowed to engraft for 5 days. We administered CD19CAR T cells via three different delivery routes: intracranial local infusion with 1x10^6 CD19CAR T cells (i.c), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) administration with 1x10^6 cells to bypass the blood-brain barrier and target tumor throughout the entire CNS, and intravenous injection (i.v) with 3x10^6 cells. We repeatedly observed in 2 separate experiments (N=5 mice in each experiment) that both a single i.c infusion and a single i.c.v delivery of CD19CAR T cells were able to completely eradicated CNS lymphoma in all mice by day 14 post CAR T cell infusion; and that a single dose of i.v infusion induced significant anti-CNSL activity with a slightly delayed response as compared to i.c and i.c.v treatment and all mice achieved complete remission 21 days post T cell infusion. CAR T cells were detected in peripheral blood obtained from retro-orbital bleeding, not only in the i.v treated mice, but also in i.c.v treated mice 28 days after CAR T cell infusion, suggesting that i.c.v not only controls CNSL but may also play a role in immune surveillance for systemic tumors. To confirm this, we established an NSG CNS B cell lymphoma model by also inoculating subcutaneous tumors on the animal's flank, 3 weeks prior to i.c tumor injection into the same mouse. CD19CAR T cells were delivered via i.c.v 5 days after i.c. tumor injection. CAR T cell injection resulted in complete remission of both the brain tumor and the flank tumor 14 days after CAR T cell administration. In conclusion,intracerebroventricular delivery of CD19CAR T cells is a promising and feasible therapeutic approach for both primary central nervous system lymphoma and systemic lymphoma with concurrent CNS involvement. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hubeau, Cedric, John E. Kubera, Katherine Masek-Hammerman, and Cara M. M. Williams. "Interleukin-6 neutralization alleviates pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and poly(I:C)." Clinical Science 125, no. 10 (July 16, 2013): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20130110.

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Increased systemic and pulmonary levels of IL-6 (interleukin-6) are associated with the severity of exacerbations and decline of lung function in patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Whether IL-6 is directly involved or plays a bystander role in the pathophysiology of COPD remains unclear. Here we hypothesized that neutralizing circulating levels of IL-6 would modulate episodes of acute pulmonary inflammation following CS (cigarette smoke) exposure and virus-like challenges. For this purpose, we used a model where C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS twice daily via a nose-only system, and concomitant periodic intranasal challenge with poly(I:C), a synthetic ligand for TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) that mimics the encounter with double stranded RNA that is carried by influenza-like viruses. This protocol recapitulates several aspects of acute pulmonary inflammation associated with COPD, including prominent airway neutrophilia, insensitivity to steroid treatment and increased levels of several inflammatory cytokines in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) samples. Although IL-6-deficient mice exposed to CS/poly(I:C) developed pulmonary inflammation similar to WT (wild-type) controls, WT mice exposed to CS/poly(I:C) and treated intraperitoneally with IL-6-neutralizing antibodies showed significantly lower blood counts of lymphocytes and monocytes, lower BAL levels of IL-6 and CXCL1 (CXC chemokine ligand 1)/KC (keratinocyte chemoattractant), as well as reduced numbers of BAL neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Our results thus indicate that the systemic neutralization of IL-6 significantly reduces CS/poly(I:C)-induced pulmonary inflammation, which may be a relevant approach to the treatment of episodes of acute pulmonary inflammation associated with COPD.

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Tyurina, Y. E. "Regarding the concept of sale of the debtor's property in bankruptcy proceedings." Legal horizons, no. 26 (2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2021.i26.p52.

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The article substantiates the theoretical and legal provisions on the concept of sale of the debtor's property in the bankruptcy process. It is established that at the legislative level the interpretation of the term "sale" is quite broad, because it covers the conclusion of sales not only contracts of sale. It is noted that it is impossible to identify the concept of "sale" and "sale", because the content load of the concept of "sale" is much wider than the content load of the term "sale". It is emphasized that the concept of "sale of the debtor's property in the process of bankruptcy" should be considered as a direct conclusion of an agreement on the alienation of the debtor's property. It is argued that the inclusion in the contracts, which mediate the sale of property at auction only agreements that provide for the transfer of ownership. Emphasis is placed on the fact that civil law contracts of sale and business contracts can be concluded in the same way at auctions for the sale of the debtor's property. It is emphasized that the provisions of the Bankruptcy Procedure Code establish an exception to the general rules on the form of these types of agreements and provide for the conclusion of auctions for the sale of property of the debtor in a simplified manner, ie by taking implicit actions. It is determined that the protocol on the auction and the act of acquisition of property at the auction are documents that state the fact of victory of the buyer under certain conditions. Based on the finalization of the provisions on the sale of the debtor's property in bankruptcy, its revised doctrinal definition is formulated as a stage in the process of selling the property, which involves concluding a contract of sale at auction in a simplified manner, on commission or direct alienation to the buyer.

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Jafari, Mehraneh D., Sarath Sujatha-Bhaskar, Mathew Brady, Steven D. Mills, Joseph C. Carmichael, Farshid Dayyani, Fa Chyi Lee, Jason A. Zell, and Alessio Pigazzi. "Pilot study of the safety and feasibility of immediate adjuvant chemotherapy (IAC) in nonmetastatic colonic adenocarcinoma (nmCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.150.

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150 Background: The optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in nmCC is poorly defined. Delays in AC result in decreased survivalbut fear of postoperative complications often causes long intervals between surgery and AC initiation. Given the transient immune suppression, inflammatory changes and increase in circulating tumor cells occurring in the perioperative period, effective cytotoxic treatments should be considered at this time to limit metastatic spread. The immediate adjuvant chemotherapy concept intends to capitalize on the therapeutic benefits that can be achieved in the perioperative period (intraoperative and early postoperative). We aim to demonstrate that IAC is safe and tolerable for patients with nmCC. Methods: Patients with nmCC microsatellite stable invasive adenocarcinomas were treated with intravenous Leucovorin 20mg/m2 followed by a single dose of 5-Flurouracil 400mg/m2 at the time of minimally invasive surgical resection. High risk stage II and stage III received the first dose of standard AC at 14 days after surgery. Serial measurements of blood-based biomarkers (circulating tumor cells, cell free DNA, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio were measured. Quality of life (QOL) was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: Of the 20 patients recruited, 40% had final pathology of stage III, 40% stage II and 20% stage I. All patients received intra-operative chemotherapy with no associated morbidity. Median length of stay was 2 days (range of 2-4). Grade 1 complications were reported in 2 (10%) of patients. No grade 2 or higher adverse events were reported. There was no mortality. Early postoperative AC was administered to 65% of patients. The median time to AC was 14 days (range 14-36). Overall quality of life and health scores were similar before surgery and at 30-day postoperatively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A protocol based on immediate adjuvant chemotherapy starting at the time of surgical resection was found to be safe and feasible in nmCC with no adverse effects on surgical morbidity or quality of life. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the oncologic benefit of this novel systemic treatment approach.

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Van Der Molen, Wim, and Els Maeckelberghe. "The Digi-Table Method as a Tool for Reflecting on Research Ethics." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.121.

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"concepts and processes by means of a digitable. It is a tool for familiarizing users with complicated and complex issues, learning content, and addressing the more methodical aspects didactically. In this project, we have adapted the DTM for reflecting on research ethics, i.c. research with human beings and its ethical requirements and the review by the medical ethical review committee (MREC). A MREC reviews research proposals based on various (ethical) requirements and requires researchers to understand the ethical consequences and societal impact of their research. Before writing their own proposals, it is important for students to know and understand these ethical requirements and the process through which research proposals are reviewed. In order to train this, we prepared the digitable to simulate the review of a research protocol by an MREC and adapted it into an existing assignment on research ethics for master students. The students were informed of our aim and the use of DTM as an educational tool, and asked for consent. We invited them to critically assess the activity and we ensured participation would not influence their grade. The students reported a better understanding of the medical ethical review and felt it would improve their own work. From the educator’s perspective, the quality of argumentation of the review was much improved compared to previous years. The DTM as an educational tool is now a standard element in different master courses on scientific integrity. "

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Kodidela, Sunitha, Dorababu Patchva, Dimpal Thakkar:, Biswajit Dubashi, Rajan Sundaram, Ravi Prasad Nidanapu, Muralidharan Nivedita, Anil Aribandi, Suresh Chandra Pradhan, and Chakradhara RS Uppugunduri. "Increased Risk of Early Hematologic Toxicity during Maintenance Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients of South Indian Origin Carrying NUDT15*3 Allele." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129967.

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Background and Objectives: Globally the survival of ALL has increased tremendously with the five-year overall survival (OS) reaching 90% in high-income countries (HICs) (1, 2). However, in India, the five-year OS has been reported to be 30-70 %( 3) and deaths due to treatment related toxicity (TRT) in ALL were ranged from 2-24 % (4), which is ten times higher compared to HICs suggesting increased susceptibility to the toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drugs. This could be due to frequent variants in candidate genes determining the pharmacodynamic response or pharmacokinetics of the chemotherapeutic drugs used during maintenance therapy of ALL. Variations in the patient management, supportive care therapy are the other possible reasons of this increased incidence of TRT. Many patients are lost to follow-up due to the TRT, and eventually will die of the disease progression. The present study aimed to explore the association of common genetic variants in the candidate genes with early treatment related hematological toxicities (grade 3-4) in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) receiving low-dose MTX (LDMTX) and 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) based maintenance therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between August 2011 and May 2016 and approved by institutional scientific and ethics committees. A total of 71 patients (43 males and 28 females aged between 1-51 years) with ALL were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent and in the case of children, from legally accepted guardians. Patients below 25 years of age were treated using protocol-841 (MCP) I2A and those older than 25 years were treated with modified GMALL-84 protocols. MTX and 6-MP doses did not differ across both the protocols during maintenance therapy. Germline DNA samples collected at the time of remission from peripheral mononuclear cells was used to genotype15 selected variants frequent in the following candidate genes : ABCB1, DHFR, GGH, FPGS, MTHFR, RFC1, SLCO1B1, TPMT, and NUDT15 using allele discrimination assay by real-time PCR. LC-MS/MS method was used to measure methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXPG3-5) levels in RBC's.Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE-version 4.03). Early grade 3-4 hematological toxicities occurring within first 100 days of the maintenance therapy was studied for its association with the genetic variants and other risk factors. Cumulative incidence curves were plotted and a risk factor analysis was performed using multivariate Cox regression. Co-linearity between variables was assessed. We used a back-ward selection method, retaining those variables with P-values<0.05 in the final model. Data analysis was done using statistical software « R ». Results: The cumulative incidences of early hematological TRT (grade 3-4) and relapse were 54.9 %, and 38.0 %, respectively. The relapse free survival was 59.2 %. The median follow-up of all patients from the start of maintenance was 1018 days. In multivariate analysis including all genetic variants, age, and WBC counts at diagnosis, we observed a significant increase in the risk of TRT in carriers of NUDT15*3 allele(rs116855232 ; p=0.002 ; univariate Hazards ratio : 2.81 (95% CI : 1.41-5.59). 3435C>T variant in ABCB1 gene showed a trend of association with that of relapse free survival. Neither the genetic variants studied were associated with the methotrexate polyglutamate levels, nor were the levels associated with the clinical outcomes. Conclusion: The NUDT15*3 allele carriers status could be used as one of the stratifying markers in South Indian ALL patients at the time of diagnosis to distinguish high and low-risk patients to develop early hematological toxicity, especially related to 6-mercaptopurine based ALL maintenance therapy protocols. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Journal articles on the topic 'I2C protocol'

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