Academic literature on the topic 'I3 Model'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'I3 Model.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "I3 Model"
1
Massa, Andrea A., Molly A. Maloney, and Christopher I. Eckhardt. "Interventions for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: An I3 Model Perspective." Partner Abuse 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0031.
Full textAbstract:
The Instigating-Impelling-Inhibiting model of intimate partner violence (IPV) etiology, or “I3 Model,” is presented as a meta-theoretical alternative to traditional perspectives regarding treatment models for perpetrators of IPV. The I3 Model is a meta-theoretical approach to understanding IPV risk that, when applied to IPV intervention programs, incorporates practically any therapeutic component that aims to decrease individual's exposure to instigating contexts, target any individual or situational factor that impels IPV, and increase an individual's ability to inhibit an aggressive response. In this review, we first briefly summarize the IPV literature and existing intervention models. Second, we review the I3 Model and illustrate its promise as a guiding framework for understanding IPV risk and its broad relevance to etiology and intervention. Third, we discuss the conceptual application of this framework to intervention with IPV perpetrators. Fourth, we identify factors that may promote as well as complicate I3 Model-related intervention developments.
2
Ji, Yuan, and Meizi Liu. "The i3+3 design for phase I clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3066.
Full textAbstract:
3066 Background: Other than the 3+3 design, new model-based statistical designs like the mTPI design (Ji and Wang, 2013, JCO) are alternative choices for oncology dose-finding trials, including immune oncology dose-finding trials (Atkins et al., 2018, Lancet Oncology). One major criticism of the 3+3 design is that it is based on simple rules, does not depend on statistical models for inference, and leads to unsafe and unreliable operating characteristics. However, the rule-based nature allows 3+3 to be easily understood and implemented in practice, making it practically attractive and friendly. Can friendly rule-based designs achieve great performance seen in model-based designs? For four decades, the answer has been NO. Methods: We propose a new rule-based design called i3+3, where the letter "i" represents the word "interval". The i3+3 design is based on simple but more clever rules that account for the variabilities in the observed data. In short, the i3+3 design simply asks clinicians to compare observed toxicity rates with a prespecified toxicity interval, and make dose escalation decisions according to three simple rules. No sophisticated modeling is needed and the entire design is transparent to clinicians. Results: We compare the operating characteristics for the proposed i3+3 design with other popular phase I designs by simulation. The i3+3 design is far superior than the 3+3 design in trial safety and the ability to identify the true MTD. Compared with model-based phase I designs, i3+3 also demonstrates comparable performances. In other words, the i3+3 design possesses both simplicity and transparency of the rule-based approaches, and the superior operating characteristics seen in model-based approaches. An online R Shiny tool is provided to illustrate the i3+3 design, although in practice it requires no software to design or conduct a dose-finding trial using the design. Conclusions: The i3+3 design could be a practice-altering method for the clinical community. It may increase the safety and efficiency of dose finding trials.
3
Esterhuysen, Catharine, Ferdinand Groenewald, Gamra Elgadi, and Jan Dillen. "Influence of the electrostatic environment on I3-···I3- and related I–M–I···I–M–I interactions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314093474.
Full textAbstract:
Non-covalent interactions in crystals are notoriously difficult to calculate accurately [1], due to the poor computational description of dispersion, which is often an important component of such interactions. This is particularly true for I3-···I3- interactions, which are observed in crystal structures despite the strong electrostatic repulsion between two negatively charged species [2]. Similarly, related metal-iodides exhibit I–M–I···I–M–I interactions. In an effort to explain this phenomenon a thorough Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis and theoretical study of the triiodide ion, metal-iodides and I···I interactions within dimers of these species in a variety of environments is presented here. Optimisations in the gas phase and in an implicit polarisable continuum solvent model with several different solvents show that there is a significant dependence of the I3-···I3- interaction energy on the dielectric constant. The MP2/cc-pVTZ-pp level of theory comes closest to reproducing the I3- bondlength and the I3-···I3-intermolecular distance averages obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). DFT methods are in general not as successful since they do not correctly model dispersion, however, the PBE method used in conjunction with Grimme's D2 dispersion correction [3] yields an interaction energy which is less than 2% from the CCSD/aug-cc-pVTZ-pp// MP2/cc-pVTZ-pp result. The Electrostatic Surface Potential (ESP) of the I3- ion in the gas phase, chloroform, ethanol, water and n-methyl-formamide-mixture can be used as a gauge of the influence of the electrostatic environment on the properties of both the I3- ion and the I3-···I3- interaction, or similarly I-M-I···I-M-I interactions. This information can then be used to extrapolate to obtain a value for the strength of the I···I inter-ion interaction energy in the solid state in a variety of complexes.
4
Robertson, Katherine N., T. Stanley Cameron, and Osvald Knop. "Polyhalide anions in crystals. Part 2. I3−asymmetry and N—H … I bonding: triiodides of the Me2NH2+, Ph2I+, tropanium, N,N,N′,N′-Me4-1,2-ethanediammonium, N,N,N′,N′-Me4-1,3-propanediammonium, N-Me-piperazinium(2+), and N,N′-Me2-piperazinium(2+) cations, and Me2NH2I." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1572–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-174.
Full textAbstract:
Crystal-structure determinations are reported for Me2NH2I3, (Ph2I)I3, tropanium-I3, [Me2HN(CH2)2NHMe2](I3)2, [Me2HN(CH2)3NHMe2](I3)2, (N-Me2-piperazinium) (I3)2•H2O, (N,N′-Me2-piperazinium)(I3)2, and Me2NH2I. The features of these and relevant literature structures are used to (1) classify triiodide structures by their ion-packing types; (2) analyze the relationship between the two I—I bond lengths d and d* in the I3− anion; and (3) examine the effect of N—H(N)… I hydrogen bonding on the symmetry of the I3− anion. It is found that the d,d* relationship can be represented to a high degree of correlation by the power function d* − d0 = K(d − d0)−c (d* ≥ d,d0 = d(I—I) in I2(g)) based on the 3c4e model of the anion. An empirical correlation is shown to exist between the H(N)… I and N … I distances both for unbranched and branched N—H(N)… I bonds. Comparison of the degree of asymmetry of I3− in two samples, one containing H-bonded I3− anions, the other with H-bonding absent, leads to the conclusion that while H-bonding is a factor affecting I3− symmetry, it is not a preferential factor. The four 1:2 title triiodides have structures of, or related to, the CdI2 type, in which the anions form infinite pseudo-hexagonal channels. The positioning of the divalent cations on the axes of these channels gives rise to an interesting "vernier" effect governed by the cation length and H-bonding ability. Bonding in centrosymmetric I4 rings in (Ph2I)I3 and (Ph2I)I is examined. Key words: crystal structures, hydrogen bond, iodine–iodine bonds, polyhalide anions, triiodides.
5
Drushel, Richard F., Greg P. Sutton, David M. Neustadter, Elizabeth V. Mangan, Benjamin W. Adams, Patrick E. Crago, and Hillel J. Chiel. "Radula-centric and odontophore-centric kinematic models of swallowing inAplysia californica." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 2029–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.14.2029.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYTwo kinematic models of the radula/odontophore of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica were created to characterize the movement of structures inside the buccal mass during the feeding cycle in vivo. Both models produce a continuous range of three-dimensional shape changes in the radula/odontophore, but they are fundamentally different in construction. The radulacentric model treats the radular halves as rigid bodies that can pitch, yaw and roll relative to a fixed radular stalk, thus creating a three-dimensional shape. The odontophore-centric model creates a globally convex solid representation of the radula/odontophore directly, which then constrains the positions and shapes of internal structures. Both radula/odontophore models are placed into a pre-existing kinematic model of the I1/I3 and I2 muscles to generate three-dimensional representations of the entire buccal mass. High-temporal-resolution, mid-sagittal magnetic resonance(MR) images of swallowing adults in vivo are used to provide non-invasive, artifact-free shape and position parameter inputs for the models. These images allow structures inside the buccal mass to be visualized directly, including the radula, radular stalk and lumen of the I1/I3 cavity. Both radula-centric and odontophore-centric models were able to reproduce two-dimensional, mid-sagittal radula/odontophore and buccal mass kinematics,but the odontophore-centric model's predictions of I1/I3, I2 and I7 muscle dimensions more accurately matched data from MR-imaged adults and transilluminated juveniles.
6
Yanagisawa, Susumu, and Shozo Yanagida. "Density Functional Theory-Based Molecular Modeling: Verification of Decisive Roles of Van der Waals Aggregation of Triiodide Ions for Effective Electron Transfer in Wet-Type N3-Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113027.
Full textAbstract:
Density functional theory-based molecular modeling (DFT/MM) validates that KI and I2 undergo exothermic van der Waals (vdW) aggregation in acetonitrile (AN) or in the presence of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP), forming potassium triiodide (KI3) and, further mutual vdW aggregation leads to the formation of (KI3)2 and AN, (KI3)2 and (AN)2 and (KI3)2 and TBP in the AN-based Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) electrolytes. All KI3 aggregates have a very low energy gap, 0.17 eV, 0.14 eV and 0.05 eV of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) + 1 and LUMO, respectively, verifying efficient electron diffusion in μm-thick DSSC electrolytes. Hydrogen-bonding aggregation of anatase TiO2 model, Ti9O18H and OH, with N3 (proton) dye is also validated by DFT/MM, and the energy structure verifies unidirectional electron flow from highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) on thiocyanide (SCN) groups of N3 dye to LUMO on the TiO2 model at the aggregates. Further, DFT/MM for the aggregation of K+I3− with N3 verifies the most exothermic formation of the aggregate of N3 (proton) and K+I3−. The UV-Vis spectra of N3 (proton) and K+I3− is consistent with reported incident photocurrent efficiency (IPCE) action spectra (λ = 450–800 nm) of N3-sensitized DSSC, verifying that the N3 dye of N3 (proton) and K+I3− becomes an effective sensitizer in the anode / TiO2 / N3 (proton) / KI/I2 / acetonitrile (AN) / cathode structured DSSC. The energy structure of LUMO and LUMO + 1 of the aggregates, Ti9O18H and OH and N3 (proton), N3 and K+I3−, (KI3)2 and AN and (KI3)2 and TBP verifies high IPCE photocurrent and effective electron diffusion via KI3-aggregates in the DSSC of Ti9O18H and OH and N3 (proton) and K+I3−.
7
Tsuchiizu, Masahisa, Yukiko Omori, Yoshikazu Suzumura, Marie-Laure Bonnet, Vincent Robert, Shoji Ishibashi, and Hitoshi Seo. "Multi-Orbital Molecular Compound (TTM-TTP)I3: Effective Model and Fragment Decomposition." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 80, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 013703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.80.013703.
Full text
8
ZHANG, Lu, Yuntena WU, and Tonglin JIN. "The expression mechanism of individual behavior in the perspective of I3 model." Advances in Psychological Science 29, no. 10 (2021): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2021.01878.
Full text
9
Engbers, Trent A. "Student Leadership Programming Model Revisited." Journal of Leadership Education 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12806/v5/i3/tf1.
Full text
10
Packer, John E., and Robert F. Anderson. "The Iodine—Thiosulfate Reaction: a Pulse-Radiolysis Study and Spectrophotometric Evidence for the Intermediates I2S2O32- and IS203-." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 4 (1997): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97001.
Full textAbstract:
Spectroscopic evidence for I2S2O32- and IS2O3-, postulated as intermediates in the iodine{thiosulfate reaction, has been obtained by using the technique of pulse radiolysis to oxidize iodide to I3- in the presence of thiosulfate. The spectra show blue shifts with respect to I3- and I2 respectively. The kinetics of the reaction over a range of concentrations different from those reported by Scheper and Margerum have also been studied and further evidence for their quantitative scheme has been obtained; a change predicted by their model, but not detected by them, in kinetic order in S2O32- at low thiosulfate and high iodide concentrations has been found.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "I3 Model"
1
Parra, Alain. "Hypnose, attention et imagination." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0450.
Full textAbstract:
Afin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes hypnotiques décrits dans le domaine de la recherche expérimentale, nous avons réalisé un travail de synthèse sur les différents cadres théoriques de l’hypnose. A l’issue de travail de synthèses nous avons pu proposer une redéfinition et une modélisation, le Modèle I3, de ce que l’on appelle « hypnose » en pensant ces situations en termes de mécanismes psychologiques et cognitifs simples. Dans le but de tester notre modélisation, nous avons construit une série d’expérimentations autour de deux phénomènes hypnotiques dits « sensoriels » présents dans les échelles d’hypnotisabilité standards : « le bras lourd » et « l’hallucination du moustique ». Grâce à l’application d’une suggestion « engageant l’intéroception et l’imagination » (EII) issue de notre modélisation, il nous a été possible d’augmenter, largement au-dessus des résultats obtenus dans la littérature, l’hypnotisabilité de sujets non spécifiquement sélectionnés pour leurs habiletés hypnotiques, et cela sans entraînement, ni induction hypnotique préalable. Enfin, dans une dernière expérience, nous avons voulu appliquer notre modélisation à un phénomène hypnotique plus complexe et impliquant un processus automatique non contrôlable : l’annulation de l’effet Stroop. Notre suggestion EII permet de réduire l’effet Stroop sur des sujets non sélectionnés, mais ne semble pas suffisamment efficace pour produire des hallucinations visuelles assez puissantes ou assez prégnantes ayant un effet aussi massif que celui obtenu avec des sujets Hautement Hypnotisables. Les implications de notre travail sont discutées en dernière partieIn order to better understand the hypnotic phenomena described in the field of experimental research, we produced a synthesis on the different theories of hypnosis. This synthesis work allowed us to propose a redefinition and a modeling, the I3 Model, of what we call "hypnosis" by thinking these situations in terms of simple psychological and cognitive mechanisms.To test our modeling, we have built a series of experiments around two "sensory" hypnotic phenomena present in the standard hypnotizability scales: "arm immobilization" and "mosquito hallucination". Thanks to the application of a suggestion "engaging in interoception and imagination" (EII) resulting from our modeling, it has been possible to increase, largely above the results obtained in the literature, the hypnotisability of subjects not specifically selected for their hypnotic skills, without training or prior hypnotic induction.Finally, in a last experiment, we wanted to apply our modeling to a more complex hypnotic phenomenon involving an uncontrollable automatic process: the Stroop effect cancellation. Our EII suggestion makes it possible to reduce the Stroop effect on unselected subjects, but does not seem efficient enough to produce powerful visual hallucinations having such a massive effect as that obtained with High Hypnotisable subjects.The implications of our work are discussed in conclusion
2
Philpot, Richard. "Beyond the dyad : the role of groups and third-parties in the trajectory of violence." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28895.
Full textAbstract:
Episodes of aggression and violence continue to beset our public spaces. This thesis explores how well we understand the transition to violence—and how aggression and violence in public spaces can be managed or controlled. We begin by arguing that established social psychological approaches to aggression and violence are inadequate for the task. Existing models explain violence through the failure of individuals to inhibit their own impulses or control their own emotions sufficiently. At best the models allow for the importance of dyadic interactions as individuals provoke each other as part of an escalation cycle. We argue that public space aggression and violence involves multiple parties and more complex sets of social dynamics. We suggest that, at the very least, the roles of third-parties and social categories need to be at the heart of theorising about violence in public spaces. To support our arguments, we examined violence directly through detailed behavioural microanalyses of real-life aggressive incidents captured on CCTV footage. We also built agent-based models (ABM) to explore different theoretical approaches to the impact of groups and third-parties on aggression and violence. The thesis contains seven studies. We begin with a CCTV behavioural microanalysis (Study 1) that showed collective group self-regulation of aggressive and violent behaviour in both within- and between-group conflicts. This study demonstrated an ‘intergroup hostility bias’, showing a greater likelihood of aggressive, escalatory acts towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts than towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts. Furthermore, this study demonstrated an ‘intragroup de-escalatory bias’, showing a greater likelihood of peace-making, de-escalatory behaviours towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts than towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts. Overall, we found that the majority of coded actions were acts of de-escalation performed by third-parties. With evidence stressing the importance of social dynamics, we compared dyadic models of aggression against an alternative social model (which allowed normative influence of others) in a dynamic agent-based modelling environment. We modelled the dynamics of metacontrast group formation (Studies 2 and 3), and found that group processes can produce both escalation of violence and inhibition of violence (Study 4). We found greater polarisation of violent positions in intergroup interactions than in intragroup interactions (Studies 5a and 5b). However, an emergent intergroup hostility bias did not emerge from this polarisation process. In Study 6, we re-examined the intergroup hostility bias present in our CCTV footage. We found an intergroup hostility bias for non-physical escalatory acts but not for physical escalatory acts. We examined the standardised number of actions contributed by third-parties and assessed the relationship between specific third-party conflict management strategies (policers and pacifiers) and conflict violence severity (Study 7). Overall, our results showed that third-parties and groups are integral features of the dynamics of violence. Third-parties largely attempt to de-escalate conflict, and the conflict management strategy they employ has a direct relationship to the violent outcome. Groups have a tendency to de-escalate their own members, and self-policing and collective inhibition take place. These findings have importance for current models of aggression and violence and also for evidence-based violence reduction initiatives.
Book chapters on the topic "I3 Model"
1
Brus, Jan, and Radek Barvíř. "Coping with Integrating Low-Cost 3D Printing and Surface Models: A Case Study on Prusa i3." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 45–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18407-4_5.
Full text
2
Finkel, Eli J. "The I3 Model." In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1–104. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800052-6.00001-9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "I3 Model"
1
Jeong, Jongryeol, Wonbin Lee, Namdoo Kim, Kevin Stutenberg, and Aymeric Rousseau. "Control Analysis and Model Validation for BMW i3 Range Extender." In WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1152.
Full text
2
Maia, Thalita Vaneska Moreira, Denilma Maurício Cardoso da Silva, Andréa Claudia Oliveira Silva, and Régis Casimiro Leal. "Theoretical study of the reaction mechanism of triiodide ion (I3–) from iodine (I2) and iodide anion (I–)." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020155.
Full textAbstract:
This work studies the reaction mechanism of triiodide ion (I3–) from iodine (I2) and iodide anion (I–), furthermore it investigates the thermodynamic preference of formation of I3– in three different solvents. Through DFT calculations and using the continuous polarizable model (PCM) it was possible to determine the reaction mechanism, as well as to show that the formation of the triiodide ion, from iodine and iodide, is favored in solvents of less polarity.
3
"Comparing de-congestion scenarios using a hospital event simulation model." In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.i3.hou.
Full text
4
Abdelhamid, Mahmoud, Imtiaz Haque, Rajendra Singh, Srikanth Pilla, and Zoran Filipi. "Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle: Incorporating Solar Energy as an On-Board Fuel Toward Future Mobility." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59276.
Full textAbstract:
The challenge of meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 2025 has resulted in the development of systems that utilize alternative energy propulsion technologies. To date, the use of solar energy as an auxiliary energy source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated, however. The authors investigated the design parameters and techno-economic impacts within a solar photovoltaic (PV) system for use as an on-board auxiliary power source for the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). The objective is to optimize, by hybridizing, the conventional energy propulsion systems via solar energy based electric propulsion system by means of the on-board PVs system. This study is novel in that the authors investigated the design parameters of the on-board PV system for optimum well-to-tank energy efficiency. The following design parameters were analyzed: the PV device, the geographical solar location, thermal and electrical performances, energy storage, angling on the vehicle surface, mounting configuration and the effect on aerodynamics. A general well-to-tank form was derived for use in any other PV type, PV efficiency value, or installation location. The authors also analyzed the techno-economic value of adding the on-board PVs for ICE vehicles and for plug-in EVs considering the entire Powertrain component lifetime of the current and the projected price scenarios per vehicle lifetime, and driving by solar energy cost ($ per mile). Different driving scenarios were used to represent the driving conditions in all the U.S states at any time, with different vehicles analyzed using different cost scenarios to derive a greater understanding of the usefulness and the challenges inherent in using on-board PV solar technologies. The addition of on-board PVs to cover only 1.0 m2 of vehicle surfaces was found to extend the daily driving range to up to 2 miles for typical 2016 model vehicles, depending upon on vehicle specifications and destination, however over 7.0 miles with the use of extremely lightweight and aerodynamically efficient vehicles in a sunny location. The authors also estimated the maximum possible PV installation area via a unique relationship between the vehicle footprint and the projected horizontal vehicle surface area for different vehicles of varying sizes. It was determined that up to 50% of total daily miles traveled by an average U.S. person could be driven by solar energy, with the simple addition of on-board PVs to cover less than 50% (3.25 m2) of the projected horizontal surface area of a typical mid-size vehicle (e.g., Nissan Leaf or Mitsubishi i-MiEV). Specifically, the addition of the proposed PV module to a 2016 Tesla Model S AWD-70D vehicle in San Diego, CA extended the average daily range to 5.2 miles in that city. Similarly, for the 2016 BMW i3 BEV in Texas, Phoenix, and North Carolina, the range was extended to more than 7.0 miles in those states. The cost of hybridizing a solar technology into a vehicle was also estimated for current and projected prices. The results show for current price scenario, the expense of powering an ICE vehicle within a certain range with only solar energy was between 4 to 23 cents per mile depending upon the vehicle specification and driving location. Future price scenarios determined the driving cost is an optimum of 17 cents per mile. However, the addition of a PV system to an EV improved the economics of the system because of the presence of the standard battery and electric motor components. For any vehicle in any assumed location, the driving cost was found to be less than 6.0 cents per mile even in the current price scenario. The results of this dynamic model are applicable for determining the on-board PV contribution for any vehicle size with different powertrain configurations. Specifically, the proposed work provides a method that designers may use during the conceptual design stage to facilitate the deployment of an alternative energy propulsion system toward future mobility.