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Firesheets, Nathan. "Modeling the transmission loss of typical home constructions exposed to aircraft noise." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50133.
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Current aircraft noise guidelines are based primarily on outdoor sound levels. However, human perception is highly related to indoor response, particularly for residences. A research project has been conducted that provides insight into how typical residential dwelling envelopes affect sound transmitted indoors. A focus has been placed on the effect of residential dwelling envelopes on subsonic civil aircraft noise. Typical construction types across the United States have been identified and used to develop model predictions of outdoor-to-indoor transmission loss. While it was initially hypothesized that these construction types could be grouped by climate region, it was found that these constructions are better grouped according to their outermost construction layer. Further, the impact of systematically altering construction variables (such as the construction materials used and the ratio of window area to wall area) has been investigated. Results will be used to better understand trends for expected noise reduction for typical construction types around the United States. Additionally, comparisons have been made between the effect of older and more modern wall construction techniques on whole-house performance.
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Gavin, Traude. "Iban ritual fabrics : their patterns and names." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12342.
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MONTEIRO, Bruno Rios. "A estrutura decisória do IBAMA : um acerto ou uma fragilidade da gestão ambiental pública?" Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12346.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-27<br>No que tange à discussão acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável e das previsões constitucionais acerca da tutela do meio ambiente, é indispensável a atuação do Poder Público no sentido de limitar as atividades, para preservar os recursos naturais para as presentes e futuras gerações. O IBAMA, órgão imbuído de promover a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, tem posição de destaque no controle das atividades e empreendimentos de impacto ambiental mais significativo, de repercussão nacional, de acordo com as competências estabelecidas para a União. Todavia, esse escopo faz com que o órgão se depare com situações em que sua atividade seja confrontada com os interesses de grandes grupos econômicos e do próprio Poder Executivo. Outrossim, insta destacar que a alta direção do IBAMA é constituída de agentes públicos investidos em cargos comissionados, de livre nomeação e exoneração pelo Presidente da República. Dessarte, mostra-se inequívoca a fragilidade do IBAMA para atuar, pois nas decisões da alta direção confundem-se os interesses do Estado enquanto gestor do meio ambiente e como promotor de obras públicas e do desenvolvimento econômico. No decorrer do presente estudo foi possível constatar que a atual estrutura do IBAMA pode servir como fator determinante para a minimização do caráter técnico das decisões da autarquia, de modo menos favorável ao meio ambiente. O licenciamento ambiental da Usina de Belo Monte é um exemplo inconcusso do problema, pois em seu deslinde, o posicionamento técnico dos analistas da autarquia foi manifestamente ignorado pela alta direção, resultando na emissão de licenças ambientais contestadas no judiciário.
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Maxwell, Sophia Adrene. "Iban migration tradition, or a result of modernization /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm465.pdf.
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Davison, Julian. "Images and metaphor : an analysis of Iban collective representation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28939/.
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The Iban of Sarawak, East Malaysia, are the inhabitants of a vast equatorial rain forest which not only plays a crucial role in satisfying their material needs, but also provides them with a rich source of imagery for the portrayal of key cultural concerns and social values. That is to say, one finds that Iban collective representations are characterized by a profusion of floral and botanical forms, while the ritual use of plants features strongly in Iban religious life. Often these 'sacred' and 'profane' aspects of the plant world coincide, as in the case of Iban rice farming which both provides them with their staple diet, and at the same time is imbued with a deeply religious significance. The primary interest of this study, then, lies in its examination of the special relationship between man and plant in Iban culture. The research is based on library materials and takes, as its epistemological starting point, the idea that an understanding of metaphor can be usefully employed in the interpretation of symbolic phenomena. This approach works on two levels. On the one hand, there is the idea that a systematic examination of recurrent metaphorical forms - be they expressed in mythological narrative, ritual imagery, or everyday language - can be linked to dominant cultural values and social orientations. On the other hand, there is also the idea that a theory of metaphor - as developed in the field of literary criticism and semantics - can provide valuable insight into the way in which so-called 'symbolic phenomena' are 'actualized', or 'understood', by those for whom they operate. In the last instance, the study seeks to transcend the formal strictures of conventional structural analysis by suggesting ways in which the elaborate structures that are revealed by the latter are actually realized, or at least represented, in daily life - whether it be in the rarefied atmosphere of a religious ceremony or the more mundane setting at some commonplace activity. In doing so, the study raises a number of issues that are of a metaphysical nature - among them the question of indigenous notions of causation - thereby providing not just simply a re-evaluation of the existing ethnographic record, but also a point of departure for future inquiries in the field.
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Jewett, Alicia Terese. "A contemporary ethnography : change and continuity among the Ibani of coastal Nigeria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250928.
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Jayum, A. Jawan Victor T. "Political change and economic development among the Ibans of Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5341.
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Kenene, Antoinette Nomvuselelo. "Ukuhlalutywa ngesiXhosa kwamabali esiXhosa angeenkokheli zoluntu, afumaneka kwimagazini iBona kusetyenziswa uhlobo oluyijenri." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50538.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>This study concerns the genre analysis of five texts (articles) in isiXhosa from Bona Magazine using genre theoretic approach.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study concerns the genre analysis of five texts (articles) in isiXhosa from Bona
Magazine using genre theoretic approach. They all analyse genre of social community
leaders using the theory of Grabe & Kaplan. (1996) All five articles re attached as
appendices at the end of this assignment.
The chapters 2 and 3 present an overview of different views expressed by different
linguistics and researchers in relation to the genre theoretic approach and how these
theories are applied in analyses. The views of Bhatia (1993) are also used in that he
promotes the use of language in text when people communicate either in written or verbal
format. Bhatia emphasizes the use of text linguistic properties and insights in the culture of
participants to ensure that communication purpose is reached. Among other things, he
invokes text structure, lexical choices, cohesion and coherence of text, content and theme
are analyzed. This study investigates the social cognitive and linguistic choices and how
they influence writing and reading. The purpose and meaning of the text is depicted as
very important in the analysis of written text. (Bhatia; 1993)
The first part of chapter 4 deals with the theory of Grabe & Kaplan (1996), which
emphasizes the use of ethnography of writing. The ethnography of writing according to
Grabe & Kaplan (1996) entails the answers to the following basic questions: Who is
writing? To whom? For what purpose? Why? When? And how? The answers to these
questions are to be formed in the analysis of the articles on Grabe & Kaplan's views on the
relationship between ethnography of writing and lexicon of writing skills are also analyzed.
The study also includes Halliday's (1984) views. Educating children in their home
language environment makes them to learn better as they write in their own language and
about the things they know. Lastly there is a short discussion about the relationship
between the new genre approach and Outcomes-Based Education. (OBE) The similarities
they share in connection with aims, goals and purposes as language teaching approached
are touched upon.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie hou verband met die genre analise van vyf tekste (artikels) in Xhosa uit die
Bona tydskrif. Die analises handel oor die genre van sosiale gemeenskapsleiers binne die
raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996). AI vyf die artikels is in In Appendix aangeheg aan
die einde van hierdie werkstuk.
Hoofstukke 2 en 3 bied In oorsig aan van verskillende sieninge van linguiste t.o.v. die
genre-teoretiese benadering en die aanwending van die teoretiese uitgangspunte in
analises van tekste. Die sieninge van Bhatia (1993) word ook ingespan m.b.t. die
kommunikasie tussen mense. Bhatia wend tekslinguistiese eienskappe aan asook sosiale
en kulturele insigte in die ondersoek van hoe kommunikatiewe doelstelling bereik word. Hy
gebruik o.a. tekslinguistiese kenmerke, leksikale keuses, kohesie en koherensie, en
tematiese realiserings in die teks. Die doelstelling van die teks is uiters belangrik volgens
die betekenis wat Bhatia in die teks ondersoek.
Die eerste gedeelte van hoofstuk 4 handel oor Grabe en Kaplan (1996) se model van
tekskonstruksie en die etnografie van skryf. Die onderrig van leerders is beter as hulle in
hulle huistaal skryf en leer. Die studie beskou die onderliggende uitgangspunte van
Kurrikulum 2005 m.b.t. die genre benadering tot die onderrig van Xhosa<br>ISICATSHULWA
Olu fundo luphanda ngohlalutyo ngohlobo Iwejenri kumabali esiXhosa afumaneka
kwimagazini iBona kusetyenziswa ulwimi IwesiXhosa. La ngamabali amahlanu
angeenkokheli zoluntu, nazakuhlalutywa ngokweembono zikaGrabe noKaplan (1996).
Kuqalwe ngokushwankathela iinkcazo zohlobo Iwejenri, neembono zabaphononongi
neengcali ezahlukeneyo malunga nolu hlobo lutsha lokuhlalutya. Kucaciswa imbono
kaBhatia (1993) mlunga nokuphononongwa kwendlela yokusetyenziswa kolwimi xa
kunxityelelwana, kwiitekisi ezithethwayo nezibhaliweyo. Oku kucaciswa ngokupheleleyo
xa kuhlalutywa la mabali mahlanu angenkokheli zolunu. Phakathi kwezinto ezijongwayo
xa kuhlalutywa nobhalo Iwamabali; lulwakhiwo Iweetekisi, ngumxholo, lukhetho
Iwamagama, lunamathelwano nonxulumano. Kwakhona indlela umbhali ayiphuhlisa
ngayo intsingiselo yetekisi yakhe ukuze injongo yakhe izaliseke.
Indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimpawu eziziparametha eziyimbono ka Grabe noKaplan
(1996) xa kuhlalutywa la mabali angenkokheli zoluntu. Xa kuthethwa ngezi mpawu,
kuxelwa ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo yobhalo ethi; ngubani umbhali? Ubhala ntoni?
Ubhalela bani? Yintoni injongo yakhe? Kutheni ebhala nje? Ezi mpawu azaneli knceda
umbhali ukuba abhale kakuhle koko zinceda nomfundi ukuba ahlalutye kakhuhle
okubhaliweyo.
Kwakhona imbono kaHaliday ethi xa kusetyenziswa ulwimi makusetyenziswe izinto
nemizekelo engentlalo nenkcubeko yabantu. Lilonke yena ugxininisa ukufakwa
kwenkcubeko kwimfundo yabantwana. Uyixhasa lembono yakhe ngokuthi abafundi
baqonda lula xa befunda ngolwimi Iwabo nange nkcubeko yabo nangezinto
ezibangqongileyo. Le mbono iyahambelana nokufundisa ngohlobo Iwejenri yona
imkhululayo umntwana ukuba azifundele ngokwengqondo angadityaniswa nomnye.
Kwakhona kolu fundo kuthelekiswe uhlobo Iwejenri nohlobo olusetyenziswayo kwizikolo
zethu olujonge iziphumo uhlobo Iwe O. B. E. Kujongwa nendlela ezinxulumene ngayo,
ngenxa yokufana kweenjongo zazo kwaneziphumo kubantwana abafundiswayo
kusetyenziswa zona.
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D'Antona, Álvaro de Oliveira 1967. "Garantir a terra, garantia da Terra? : reservas extrativistas na Amazonia Legal Brasileira." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279833.
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Orientador: Daniel Joseph Hogan<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: A Reserva Extrativista é uma categoria de Unidade de Conservação federal fundamentada no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste trabalho, analisa-se a criação da categoria e das seis primeiras reservas criadas, levando em consideração a incorporação do desenvolvimento sustentável no debate sobre unidades de conservação; o processo recente de ocupação da Amazônia e a identificação dos extrativistas como defensores da floresta, o que os qualificaria como co-gestores das Reservas. Analisar a aplicação da proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável em Reserva Extrativista é o objetivo geral da tese. No âmbito dos Estudos de População, enfatiza- se a presença humana na floresta, a mobilidade populacional, enquanto aspecto importante para o êxito da proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável desta "Reforma Agrária dos Seringueiros"<br>Abstract: Extractivist Reserve is a type of Conservation Unit that is based on sustainable development. In this work, the creation of this type of conservation unit is analyzed. Additionally, six extractivist reserves were analyzed in depth, taking into account the recent process of occupation of the Amazon Region and the role of the extractivists in the sustainable development debate. This work argues that the extractivists have an important hole as co- manager of the reserves, instead of simply users of the natural resources. The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze sustainable development in the context of the extractivist reserves. Within the Population Studies field, this investigation emphasizes that both thehuman dimension of the Amazon occupation and the population mobility are crucial for the success of the sustainable development agenda aimed by the "Seringueiros Land Reform"<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Aguiar, Karina Barbosa de. "Análise da abordagem geomorfológica em Estudos de Impactos Ambientais (EIAs) de projetos hidrelétricos apresentados ao Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), no período de 1993 a 2014." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-15012016-120051/.
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No Brasil, os EIAS/RIMAS são o principal instrumento para a análise de viabilidade ambiental dos empreendimentos potencialmente causadores de significativo impacto ambiental, sendo também peça indispensável ao processo licenciamento ambiental. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central a abordagem geomorfológica adotada em EIAs de usina hidrelétricas no período entre 1993 a 2014. Foram analisados 13 registros de EIAs elaborados para usinas hidrelétricas cujo licenciamento ocorre em nível federal, analisando informações como escala de abordagem, escola teórica, procedimento metodológico, etc. Todos estes dados foram analisados quali e quantitativamente, sendo que os resultados apresentados permitem verificar o aprimoramento técnico contínuo na abordagem geomorfológica nestes estudos ambientais. Os resultados da pesquisa também proporcionaram a elaboração de recomendações visando à elaboração de futuros estudos de impactos ambientais.<br>In Brazil, the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) are the main instrument for environmental feasibility analysis of enterprises, which can cause significant environmental impact, and is also indispensable part of environmental licensing process. This research is based on the geomorphological approach adopted in EIAs (Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, or Environmental Impact Studies, in free translation) applied for hydroelectric power plants, in the period of 1993-2014. We have analyzed 13 EIAs designed to hydroelectric power plant which licensing occurs at the federal level, analyzing information such as scale approach , theoretical school, content, assignment of technical staff , etc. All these data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results allow verify the continuous technical improvement in the geomorphological approach of these environmental studies. The results have also provided the elaboration of recommendations for the development of future environmental impacts studies.
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Oliveira, Heliana Rosely Neves. "Macroinvertebrados bentônicos dos sistemas aquáticos da estação de piscicultura do CEPTA/IBAMA, Pirassununga, SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1567.
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Previous issue date: 2006-07-21<br>With the objective to verify the distribution and the taxonomic structure of the
benthic macroinvertebrates fauna of water systems (reservoir, fisheries and channels) of
the CEPTA/IBAMA (Pirassununga, SP), a study with two types of methodologies was
carried out. The samples of the sediment in the reservoir had been carried out with the
Ekman-Birge grab, and in the fisheries and the channels with artificial substrate. The
assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates had been analyzed taxonomic and structurally.
The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) were the main organisms in all the environments.
The predominance of Procladius sp. and Djalmabatista pulcher was observed in the two
reservoirs. The spatial analysis of the taxa distribution in the depths, pointed out with to
major variety of taxa in the less depth regions (< 2m) in the Represa Velha, in contrast of
the Represa Nova. At the same time, the average densities of the organisms had been
opposing in the two reservoirs, presenting respectively major and lesser values in the
intermediate depths (>2<3m). Temporaly, major abundance of macroinvertebrates at the
dry season was observed, where major number of individuals occurred, represented mainly
for the Procladius sp. and D. pulcher. In the faunistic analysis with artificial substrate,
Goeldichironomus maculatus was dominant. There was taxonomic similarity between the
assemblages in the artificial substrates in the reservoirs, fisheries and channels. The cluster
analysis between the sampling methods, clustering the fauna of the baskets with the
artificial substrate in the two reservoirs, and the fauna collected with the Ekman-Birge
grab. This result points out with respect to the problematic use of artificial substrate use as
a tool to characterize the fauna of a system.<br>Com o objetivo de verificar a distribuição e a estrutura taxonômica da fauna de
macroinvertebrados bentônicos dos corpos d água (represas, viveiros e canais) do
CEPTA/IBAMA (Pirassununga, SP.) foi realizado um estudo com dois tipos de
metodologias. As amostras do sedimento nas represas foram obtidas com o auxílio de
draga tipo-Ekman-Birge e as dos viveiros e canais, com utilização de substrato artificial
tipo cestos. A fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos foi analisada taxonômica e
estruturalmente. As larvas de Chironomidae (Diptera) foram os principais componentes em
todos os ambientes, entre elas, observou-se o predomínio de Procladius sp. e
Djalmabatista pulcher nas represas A análise espacial da distribuição dos táxons por faixas
de profundidades apontou para maior variedade de táxons nas regiões menos profundas (x
< 2m) na Represa Velha, ao contrário da Represa Nova. Da mesma forma, as densidades
numéricas médias foram opostas nas duas represas, apresentando respectivamente valores
maiores e menores nas profundidades intermediárias (2 > x < 3m). Temporalmente, foi
observado maior abundância de macroinvertebrados nas épocas de estiagem onde ocorreu
maior número de indivíduos, representados principalmente pelos dois táxons dominantes
Procladius sp. e D. pulcher. Na análise faunística com substrato artificial
Goeldichironomus maculatus foi dominante em todos os substratos artificiais. Houve
elevada similaridade taxonômica entre as faunas presentes nos substratos artificiais
introduzidos nas represas, viveiros e canais. A análise de agrupamento comparativa entre
os métodos de amostragem reuniu a fauna dos cestos com substratos artificiais nas duas
represas em um grupo e a fauna coletada com draga em um outro grupo. A fauna de
macroinvertebrados dos diversos locais estudados não apresentou arranjos estruturais
diferenciados segundo os diferentes usos dos sistemas.
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Ishak, Ricardo Guimarães. "iBang: os paradigmas da informação quântica e seus efeitos complexos no campo da comunicação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-05032013-145641/.
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A presente dissertação apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico de alguns dos principais autores que analisam as possíveis fronteiras de diálogo entre a evolução das tecnologias de informação entre os séculos XX e XXI, com destaque para as descobertas no campo da física quântica aplicadas à informação e à computação, em busca do entendimento crítico desse universo de interdisciplinaridade para traçar, a partir da perspectiva dos estudos da comunicação, possibilidades a partir da construção de um processador quântico e o conseqüente surgimento de uma rede quântica de computadores, baseada em princípios multiversais, epistemológicos e evolutivos. Para tanto, pretendeu demonstrar tudo no Universo como informação, apontando os principais sintomas supermodernos que caracterizam a transição do Pós-Humano rumo a uma nova epistemologia, e fazendo uma releitura dos principais dilemas comunicacionais \"tautistas\" já sob um novo prisma, de acordo com os três rios propostos pelo Prof. Dr. Eugênio Bucci: evolução, linguagem e capital.<br>This dissertation presents a bibliography of some of the main authors which analyze the possible boundaries of dialogue between the evolution of information technologies from 20th to 21st Century, highlighting the discoveries in quantum physics applied to information and computing, in search of critical understanding of this interdisciplinarity universe to plot, under the perspective of communication studies, possibilities once a quantum processor is built and the consequent emergence of a quantum computers network, based on multiversal, epistemological and evolutionary principles. Therefore, we have intended to show everything in the universe as information, pointing the main hypermodern symptoms that characterize the transition from Post-Human towards a new epistemology, and making a reinterpretation of the main \"tautistic\" communication dilemma, according to the three rivers proposed by Prof. PhD. Eugenio Bucci: evolution, language and capital.
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Patterson, Katherine-Anne V. Wadley Reed L. "Patterns of local mobility in an Iban community of West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5748.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 2, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Reed Wadley. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jong, Sze Joon. "Iban Ajat: Digitisation framework for the conservation of a Sarawak traditional dance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/233171/1/Sze%20Joon_Jong_Thesis.pdf.
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Sarawak Iban's cultural heritage is endangered. Therefore the conservation of its traditional dances is imperative. This study aims to demonstrate how a hybridised research strategy is essential for the conducting of culturally sensitive preservation. My research centres on applications of Motion Capture technology, for the leveraging of observations of the Ajat Dance – through a focus on elemental gyrational manoeuvres. My study does not claim to be a 'panacea'. Rather it showcases the importance of acquiring and incorporating digital oeuvres into one's documentary practices. Through its proof-of-concept involving a 3D simulation, I offer a digitisation framework for delivering decolonised cultural preservation.
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Gouveia, Maria Teresa de Jesus. "As conceituações de meio ambiente praticadas pelo corpo técnico do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente (IBAMA) na formação de sua cultura organizacional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4339.
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O Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente (IBAMA), executor da Política
Nacional de Meio Ambiente tem sido objeto de constante avaliação por diferentes
segmentos da sociedade brasileira. Este estudo visa subsidiar a construção de
perspectivas analíticas sobre a efetividade de suas ações, a partir de uma análise
sobre a composição de sua cultura organizacional. A hipótese foi formulada no
sentido de que a existência de concepções diferenciadas para o termo meio
ambiente entre os trabalhadores do Instituto possui relação com o processo de
constituição da cultura organizacional do IBAMA. Essa perspectiva se deu pela
vivência da pesquisadora no campo ambiental, em especial, por ter pertencido ao
mesmo corpo funcional do Instituto. Essa mesma condição possibilitou acrescer na
historiografia do IBAMA aspectos referentes à influência da conceituação teórica
para o termo ambiente na cultura organizacional do Instituto. A pesquisa foi
orientada pelos fundamentos teóricos de autores que investigam a cultura, o poder e
o comportamento de organizações, como TAVARES (1991), SCHERMERHORN,
HUNT & OSBORNO (2001), FLEURY ( 2009) e, BERTERO (2009). Adotou como
estratégias metodológicas as técnicas de observação, de questionários e de
entrevistas seguindo as orientações de GOODE E HATT (1973), GIL (1994) e
LAKATOS (2003) para a identificação das relações entre conceituação de
ambiente por parte de trabalhadores do IBAMA. Na perspectiva do conceito de
seres históricos de CASTORIADIS (1982) foram analisados registros de falas de
outros atores sociais que escreveram a história da gestão ambiental pública
brasileira. A tese apresenta a coexistência de duas conceituações ativas para o
termo meio ambiente derivadas do processo de ambientalização do IBAMA.<br>The Brazilian Institute of Environment (IBAMA) executor of the National
Environmental Policies, has been the object of frequent evaluation by different
segments of the Brazilian society. This study aims subsidize the building of analytical
perspectives over the effectiveness of its actions coming from an analysis of the
composition of its organizational culture. The hypothesis was formulated in a sense
of that the existence of different conceptions for the term Environment among the
workers of the institute has a relation with the process of the constitution of the
organizational culture from the IBAMA. This perspective is given by the researchers
experience into the environmental field, especially for had been part of the same
functional body of the Institute. This same condition gave the possibility of adding to
the historiography of IBAMA aspects concerning to the influence of the theoretical
concepts for the term Environment into the Institutes organizational culture. The
research was oriented by the theoretical fundamentals of authors that had explored
the culture, the power and the behavior of organizations, such as TAVARES (1991),
SCHERMERHORN, HUNT & OSBORNO (2001), FLEURY (2009) and, BERTERO
(2009).It had adopted as methodological strategies the techniques of observation,
questionnaires and interviews following the orientations by GOODE E HATT (1973),
GIL (1994) and LAKATOS (2003) to identify the relations between the
conceptualization of Environment by the side of the IBAMAs workers. In the
CASTORIADIS (1982) conceptual perspective of historic beings it was analyzed
registers of speech from others social actors that had written the history of the
public Brazilian environmental management. The thesis presents the coexistence of
two active conceptualizations for the term Environment that derivates from the
IBAMAs process of environmentalization.
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Essien, David Ibanga Ene. "Recommendation on a suitable desalination process for the South African environment / Essien, David Ibanga Ene." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4627.
Full textAbstract:
Supplies of potable water from traditional sources have been increasingly depleted due to increasing world population and per capita water use. In South Africa fresh water is a vital, but scarce resource, distributed unevenly in time (frequent droughts alternate with periods of good rainfall) and space (the eastern half of the country is markedly wetter than the western half). Increasing demand for water, and decreased water quality, make careful water management a priority.
Water use in South Africa is dominated by irrigation, which accounts for around 60 per cent of all water used in the country. Domestic and urban use accounts for about 30 per cent, while mining, large industries and power generation account for some 7 per cent. Commercial forestry plantations account for a little less than 4 per cent of total use by reducing runoff into rivers and streams (DWAF).
Desalination of sea water is a promising technology available for the provision of fresh water to the arid regions of South Africa. However, as the technology develops, there is a need for the adequate customization of its technological processes to suite particular geographical regions.
This research work is focused on the determination of an adequate desalination process by the use of a decision tree. The research will explore in qualitative format, the different types of desalination processes available, their pros and cons as well as discuss the factors affecting the selection of desalination processes.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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McFadden, Audrey. "Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram : la quatrième fonction dumézilienne dans les récits catabatiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28849/28849.pdf.
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Andriolli, Carmen Silvia. "Sob as vestes de Sertão Veredas, o Gerais = 'Mexer com criação' no Sertão do IBAMA." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280741.
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Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: O fulcro desta tese é desvelar as transformações nos usos do território que compuseram 'o Gerais' em Sertão do IBAMA, como nomeio a nova territorialização. Para tanto, apresento a etnografia realizada com o vaqueiro Samuel Borges do Santos, mais conhecido como Samu, no noroeste mineiro, onde foi implantado o Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas. Busco como ponto de partida desta travessia etnográfica responder à seguinte questão: como descrever a dinâmica da relação entre Samu e os gestores do parque, sobre o uso da terra, da forma como é vivida pelo vaqueiro? Samu, como protagonista dessa etnografia, justifica-se por ser ele figura emblemática das transformações ocorridas naquele território: num primeiro momento como agregado de uma fazenda pecuarista, posteriormente proprietário de terra e, atualmente, morador de parque. Diante desse cenário, várias foram as temporalidades descortinadas pelo vaqueiro - temporalidades que se apresentaram imbricadas. A partir do cruzamento dessas temporalidades, desvelou-se um modo de vida regido por uma ética camponesa, bem como o valor econômico e social do 'mexer com criação', que se encerra na homologia entre o vaqueiro e o gado bovino e eqüino. Os tempos de outrora em seu entrelaço com os novos tempos trouxe à luz, ainda, a transferência do modelo de relação que Samu desenvolvia com seus patrões para a sua relação com o IBAMA, como forma de resistência para se manter junto à terra, a despeito das vestes apertadas que revestem 'o Gerais'<br>Abstract: The fulcrum of this thesis is to uncover the changes in the territory that formerly composed formely the 'Gerais' and which became the "Sertão do IBAMA", which is how I call the new territoriality. To this end, I present the ethnography of Samuel Borges dos Santos, a cowherd known as Samu. As the starting point of this ethnographic journey I seek to answer the following question: How to describe the dynamics in the relationship between Samu and the Park managers and their distinct ways of using the land, and how is this relationship experienced by the cowherd? Samu is the protagonist of this ethnography, since he is emblematic of the changes that affected the country: first, as a sharecropper in a cattle farm, then as a landowner, and currently as a Park resident. Against this background, Borges narrative has shown several intertwoven temporalities. The intersection of these temporalities has unveiled a way of life ruled by a peasant ethics as as well as the economic and social values attached to "dealing with cattle" (mexer com criação). These values can be seen in the relationship between the cowherd and the cattle. The old days, in his intertwining with the new times, have also brought to light the transfer of the relationship model that ruled Samu's relationship with his old bosses into his new relationship towards IBAMA. We see this transfer as a form of resistance through which Samu tries to stay in the backlands despite the tight Park clothes that now constrain the 'Gerais'<br>Doutorado<br>Processos Sociais, Identidades e Representações do Mundo Rural<br>Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Spindler, Anthony John. "Sodium background currents, in particular IbNa, revealed in cardiac myocytes from guinea-pig heart." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365393.
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Werneck, Max Rondon [UNESP]. "Helmintofauna de Chelonia mydas necropsiadas na base do Projeto Tamar-Ibama em Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87812.
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werneck_mr_me_botib.pdf: 1984153 bytes, checksum: 8fe7df123d7db009ca20e57b7b9f8439 (MD5)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>O presente estudo relata o resultado da análise parasitológica de 62 exemplares juvenis da espécie Chelonia mydas (L.) necropsiadas no Centro de Reabilitação de Tartarugas Marinhas do Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA na região de Ubatuba, Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Trinta e três animais apresentaram parasitas da classe Trematoda das seguintes espécies: Cricocephalus albus, Cricocephalus megastomum, Pleurogonius longiusculus, Pronocephalus obliquus (Pronocephalidae), Deuterobaris proteus, Neoctangium travassosi, Polyangium linguatula, Microscaphidium reticulare (Angiodictyidae) e Metacetabulum invaginatum (Metacetabulidae). A prevalência variou de 3 a 66,7%, sendo as espécies N. travassosi, D. proteus e M. invaginatum, aquelas de maior prevalência nos animais estudados. A intensidade média de infecção foi maior na espécie da família Metacetabulidade (80,2) em relação às famílias Angiodictyidae (35,7) e Pronocephalidae (7,3). Em 13 (39,4%) animais o parasitismo foi monoespecífico, com predomínio das espécies N. travassosi e D. proteus. Por outro lado, em 20 (60,6%) tartarugas foi observada associação entre parasitas, sendo encontrado 2, 3, 4 ou 5 parasitas, sendo as freqüências desta associação de 33,3%, 0,06%, 0,18% e 0,03%, respectivamente. Observamos associação entre sinais de debilidade e carga parasitária (p = 0,03).<br>A parasitological survey of 62 juvenile specimens of the Chelonia mydas (L.) necropsied in the Centro de Reabilitação de Tartarugas Marinhas of the Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA, Ubatuba city, North Coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil, is presented. Thirty three animals were parasitized by flukes of the following species: Cricocephalus albus, Cricocephalus megastomum, Pleurogonius longiusculus, Pronocephalus obliquus (Pronocephalidae), Deuterobaris proteus, Neoctangium travassosi, Polyangium linguatula, Microscaphidium reticulare (Angiodictyidae) and Metacetabulum invaginatum (Metacetabulidae). The prevalence varied from 3 to 66.7%, and the species N. travassosi, D. proteus and M. invaginatum, presented the higher prevalence among the studied animals. The mean intensity of infection was higher in the species of the family Metacetabulidade (80.2) in comparison to the families Angiodictyidae (35.7) and Pronocephalidae (7.3). In 13 (39.4%) animals the parasitism was monospecific, and the species N. travassosi and D. proteus were predominates. On the other hand, in 20 (60.6%) sea turtles an association among parasites was observed. It was found 2, 3, 4 or 5 parasites and the frequencies of this association were 33.3%, 0.06%, 0.18% and 0.03%, respectively. The relation between signs of weakness and mean intensity of infection was also observed (p = 0.03).
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Bufon, André Gustavo Mazzini [UNESP]. "Estudo do assoreamento e sua relação com a vida útil do reservatório Represa Velha, CEPTA/IBAMA, Pirassununga/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102898.
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bufon_agm_dr_rcla.pdf: 6403012 bytes, checksum: c784c56fb01a8bcc3cc685a03f66bd99 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Este trabalho teve como finalidade aplicar análise espacial, visando elaborar um modelo estocástico para determinação do tempo de vida útil de um reservatório de pequeno porte localizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais (CEPTA/IBAMA)/Pirassununga (SP). Para elaboração do modelo foram utilizados dois métodos: densidade aparente do sedimento utilizando câmaras de sedimentação e batimetria do reservatório. As variáveis estudadas revelaram para o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) concentrações entre 8,71 e 2,15; oxigênio dissolvido no fundo entre 12,48 e 0,20 mg.L-1; temperatura da água no fundo entre 28,85 e 16,00ºC; transparência da água entre 1,30 e 0,25 m; material em suspensão total entre 618,30 e 2,45 mg.L-1; material em suspensão inorgânico entre 425,80 e 0,20 mg.L-1; material em suspensão orgânico entre 192,60 e 2,15 mg.L-1 e condutividade elétrica da água no fundo entre 40,00 e 5,00 æS.cm-1. Quanto aos resultados da batimetria, verificou-se que houve perda significativa de profundidade durante o ano de 1998. Ao comparar as análises de batimetria e material em suspensão total (MST) verificou-se a perda da profundidade durante os 4 anos estudados de -1,32 m e pela câmara de sedimentação observou-se um ganho de sedimento de 584,05 mg.L-1. Como conclusão obteve-se o valor de 50 anos como o tempo de vida útil da represa.<br>The purpose of this work is to apply space analysis aiming elaborate a stochastic model for time determination of useful life of a small size reservoir at the Centre of Research and Administration of Continental Fishing Resources (CEPTA/IBAMA)/Pirassununga (SP). For model elaboration were used two methods: apparent density of the sediment using reservoir sedimentation and bathymetry cameras. The studied variables revealed for the pH concentrations between 8,71 and 2,15; oxygen dissolved in the bottom between 12,48 and 0,20 mg.L -1; water temperature in the bottom between 28,85 and 16,00ºC; water transparency between 1,30 and 0,25 m; material in total suspension between 618,30 and 2,45 mg.L-1; material in inorganic suspension between 425,80 and 0,20 mg.L-1; material in organic suspension between 192,60 and 2,15 mg.L-1 and electric conductivity of water in the bottom between 40,00 and 5,00 æS.cm-1. Regarding bathymetry results, it verified that there was significant loss of depth during the year of 1998. When comparing bathymetry and material analyses in total suspension it was verified depth loss during the 4 years studied of -1,32 m and by the sedimentation camera a sediment gain of 584,05 mg.L-1 was observed. As conclusion it obtained the value 50 year as time of useful life for dam.
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Bufon, André Gustavo Mazzini. "Estudo do assoreamento e sua relação com a vida útil do reservatório Represa Velha, CEPTA/IBAMA, Pirassununga/SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102898.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim<br>Banca: Harry Edmar Schulz<br>Banca: Swami Marcondes Villela<br>Banca: José Sávio Colares de Melo<br>Banca: Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo<br>Resumo: Este trabalho teve como finalidade aplicar análise espacial, visando elaborar um modelo estocástico para determinação do tempo de vida útil de um reservatório de pequeno porte localizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais (CEPTA/IBAMA)/Pirassununga (SP). Para elaboração do modelo foram utilizados dois métodos: densidade aparente do sedimento utilizando câmaras de sedimentação e batimetria do reservatório. As variáveis estudadas revelaram para o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) concentrações entre 8,71 e 2,15; oxigênio dissolvido no fundo entre 12,48 e 0,20 mg.L-1; temperatura da água no fundo entre 28,85 e 16,00ºC; transparência da água entre 1,30 e 0,25 m; material em suspensão total entre 618,30 e 2,45 mg.L-1; material em suspensão inorgânico entre 425,80 e 0,20 mg.L-1; material em suspensão orgânico entre 192,60 e 2,15 mg.L-1 e condutividade elétrica da água no fundo entre 40,00 e 5,00 æS.cm-1. Quanto aos resultados da batimetria, verificou-se que houve perda significativa de profundidade durante o ano de 1998. Ao comparar as análises de batimetria e material em suspensão total (MST) verificou-se a perda da profundidade durante os 4 anos estudados de -1,32 m e pela câmara de sedimentação observou-se um ganho de sedimento de 584,05 mg.L-1. Como conclusão obteve-se o valor de 50 anos como o tempo de vida útil da represa.<br>Abstract: The purpose of this work is to apply space analysis aiming elaborate a stochastic model for time determination of useful life of a small size reservoir at the Centre of Research and Administration of Continental Fishing Resources (CEPTA/IBAMA)/Pirassununga (SP). For model elaboration were used two methods: apparent density of the sediment using reservoir sedimentation and bathymetry cameras. The studied variables revealed for the pH concentrations between 8,71 and 2,15; oxygen dissolved in the bottom between 12,48 and 0,20 mg.L -1; water temperature in the bottom between 28,85 and 16,00ºC; water transparency between 1,30 and 0,25 m; material in total suspension between 618,30 and 2,45 mg.L-1; material in inorganic suspension between 425,80 and 0,20 mg.L-1; material in organic suspension between 192,60 and 2,15 mg.L-1 and electric conductivity of water in the bottom between 40,00 and 5,00 æS.cm-1. Regarding bathymetry results, it verified that there was significant loss of depth during the year of 1998. When comparing bathymetry and material analyses in total suspension it was verified depth loss during the 4 years studied of -1,32 m and by the sedimentation camera a sediment gain of 584,05 mg.L-1 was observed. As conclusion it obtained the value 50 year as time of useful life for dam.<br>Doutor
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Werneck, Max Rondon. "Helmintofauna de Chelonia mydas necropsiadas na base do Projeto Tamar-Ibama em Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87812.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva<br>Banca: Tânia de Freitas Raso<br>Banca: Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante<br>Resumo: O presente estudo relata o resultado da análise parasitológica de 62 exemplares juvenis da espécie Chelonia mydas (L.) necropsiadas no Centro de Reabilitação de Tartarugas Marinhas do Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA na região de Ubatuba, Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Trinta e três animais apresentaram parasitas da classe Trematoda das seguintes espécies: Cricocephalus albus, Cricocephalus megastomum, Pleurogonius longiusculus, Pronocephalus obliquus (Pronocephalidae), Deuterobaris proteus, Neoctangium travassosi, Polyangium linguatula, Microscaphidium reticulare (Angiodictyidae) e Metacetabulum invaginatum (Metacetabulidae). A prevalência variou de 3 a 66,7%, sendo as espécies N. travassosi, D. proteus e M. invaginatum, aquelas de maior prevalência nos animais estudados. A intensidade média de infecção foi maior na espécie da família Metacetabulidade (80,2) em relação às famílias Angiodictyidae (35,7) e Pronocephalidae (7,3). Em 13 (39,4%) animais o parasitismo foi monoespecífico, com predomínio das espécies N. travassosi e D. proteus. Por outro lado, em 20 (60,6%) tartarugas foi observada associação entre parasitas, sendo encontrado 2, 3, 4 ou 5 parasitas, sendo as freqüências desta associação de 33,3%, 0,06%, 0,18% e 0,03%, respectivamente. Observamos associação entre sinais de debilidade e carga parasitária (p = 0,03).<br>Abstract: A parasitological survey of 62 juvenile specimens of the Chelonia mydas (L.) necropsied in the Centro de Reabilitação de Tartarugas Marinhas of the Projeto TAMAR-IBAMA, Ubatuba city, North Coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil, is presented. Thirty three animals were parasitized by flukes of the following species: Cricocephalus albus, Cricocephalus megastomum, Pleurogonius longiusculus, Pronocephalus obliquus (Pronocephalidae), Deuterobaris proteus, Neoctangium travassosi, Polyangium linguatula, Microscaphidium reticulare (Angiodictyidae) and Metacetabulum invaginatum (Metacetabulidae). The prevalence varied from 3 to 66.7%, and the species N. travassosi, D. proteus and M. invaginatum, presented the higher prevalence among the studied animals. The mean intensity of infection was higher in the species of the family Metacetabulidade (80.2) in comparison to the families Angiodictyidae (35.7) and Pronocephalidae (7.3). In 13 (39.4%) animals the parasitism was monospecific, and the species N. travassosi and D. proteus were predominates. On the other hand, in 20 (60.6%) sea turtles an association among parasites was observed. It was found 2, 3, 4 or 5 parasites and the frequencies of this association were 33.3%, 0.06%, 0.18% and 0.03%, respectively. The relation between signs of weakness and mean intensity of infection was also observed (p = 0.03).<br>Mestre
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Lapenta, Marina Janzantti. "O mico-leão-dourado ( Leontopithecus rosalia) como dispersor de sementes na Reserva Biológica União/IBAMA, Rio das Ostras, RJ." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-30092004-094442/.
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O papel do mico-leão-dourado ( Leontopithecus rosalia) como dispersor de sementes na Reserva Biológica União foi avaliado pelo acompanhamento mensal de dois grupos de micos, de dezembro de 1998 a dezembro de 2000, num total de 871,9h de observações no campo. No período de estudo os micos se alimentaram dos frutos de 57 espécies de árvores de pelo menos 17 famílias, ingerindo sementes de 39 espécies,das quais 23 foram colocadas para germinar em laboratório e/ou no campo. Leontopithecus rosalia pode ser considerado como agente dispersor legítimo para as espécies estadas, porque as sementes de todas as espécies germinaram, mesmo que em baixas porcentagens, após a ingestão. Também foi avaliada a velocidade de germinação das sementes. Estes primatas não apresentam um efeito consistente na germinação final de sementes, pois beneficiam algumas espécies, enquanto prejudicam a porcentagem e/ou velocidade da germinação de outras. Para as espécies de frutos mais consumidas foram anotados o tamanho e formato das sementes engolidas, o número de árvores visitadas, além dos hábitats de ocorrência das árvores e dos locais onde as fezes foram depositadas. O tempo de retenção das sementes no trato digestório e a distância de dispersão foram medidos, bem como foram procuradas sementes predadas e digeridas nas fezes. O tempo médio de passagem para as sementes das espécies ingeridas foi de 1,1 + 0,3h e a distância média de dispersão de 107,8 + 70,6m, sendo que de modo geral as sementes dispersadas por mamíferos não são depositadas próximo às árvores parentais. O hábitat de deposição das fezes foi adequado para a germinação das sementes para 88,9% das espécies testadas, estando de acordo com o ambiente das árvores visitadas pelos micos-leões. O mico-leãodourado é um dos primatas mais ameaçados de extinção do mundo, e estudos sobre seu comportamento e ecologia irão contribuir para a preservação da espécie, de seu hábitat, e da Reserva Biológica União, uma das últimas áreas de Mata Atlântica de Baixada Costeira do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.<br>The role of the golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) as a seed disperser was studied in União Biological Reserve. Two groups of golden lion tamarins were studied during 24 months from December 1988 to December 2000, on a total of 871.9h. During the study period the tamarins fed on fruits of 57 species of trees at least from 17 families. Seeds from 39 species were ingested, and of them, 23 were put to germinate in lab and/or in the field. Leontopithecus rosalia can be considered as a legitimate seed disperser for the tested species, because seeds of all species germinated after ingestion, even in low ercentages. It was still considered the seed germination velocity. These primates do not have a consistent effect on seed germination, since benefit the germination percentage and/or velocity of some species and decrease of others. It was noted the size and shape of swallowed seeds from most frequently eaten species, the total number of visited trees, the habitat where these trees occur and where the faeces were deposited. The retention time of the seeds in the gut and the dispersion distance was noted, and damage and digested seeds were searched in the faeces. The mean time of gut passage from seeds of ingested species was 1.1+0.3h and the mean distance of dispersion was 107.8 + 70.6m, and the seeds dispersed by mammals were not usually defecated near the parental trees. The habitats of faecal deposition and of visited trees were the same in 88.9% of tested species, being possibly appropriated for seed germination and establishment. The golden-liontamarin is one of the most threatened primates in the world, and studies on their behaviour and ecology will contribute to preserve the species the habitat, and the União Biological Reserve, one of the last areas of lowland Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil.
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SILVA, Ewerton Fylipe de Araújo. "Análise microbiológica e morfológica do trato intestinal de gaviões-carijós (Rupornis magnirostris GMELIN, 1788) provenientes do CETAS-IBAMA/PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17319.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-01<br>O Gavião-carijó, assim como várias outras aves de rapina são importantes agentes no funcionamento de vários biomas, pois são predadores de topo, influenciando no equilíbrio das populações de várias espécies. Conhecer e entender as características morfométricas e histológicas do trato intestinal, assim como as enterobactérias presentes e relacionar esses fatores ao hábito alimentar desta espécie fazem parte de um conjunto de questões essenciais que influenciam diretamente os estudos de biologia da conservação. Esse tema ganha ainda mais importância não só pela escassez de informações referentes a este animal, mas também, pela influência que esta ave pode causar na saúde pública, uma vez que o Gavião-carijó é um animal bem adaptado nos centros urbanos podendo ser um vetor de microorganismos infecciosos. Dessa maneira, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo principal analisar ram utilizados 12 espécimes. Destes, nove foram destinados à análise microbiológica, seis para análise morfométrica e seis para análise histológica. As seguintes espécies de bactérias foram isoladas das amostras cloacais: Escherichia coli (77,8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (11,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,1%) e Salmonella spp. (55,6%). Dentre as cepas isoladas, algumas apresentaram resistência a até três antimicrobianos. Sob o aspecto morfológico, o trato intestinal desta ave apresentou características peculiares. Em comparação com aves do mesmo grupo, o trato intestinal possui uma massa maior e com a porção colo/reto/cloaca mais comprida, corroborando com as características morfofuncionais do seu hábito alimentar. Os intestinos apresentaram epitélio colunar simples com microvilosidades, rico em células caliciformes e lâmina própria espessa formando vilosidades alongadas. Cecos vestigiais com centros germinativos, e na cloaca uma zona epitelial de transição passando a ser epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado. Este estudo mostrou que esta ave pode ser um vetor de enterobactérias de importância na saúde pública, devido aos isolados registrados. Fato que se torna ainda mais importante devido à ocorrência de cepas com perfil de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos. Além de evidencias de que o trato intestinal do Gavião-carijó apresenta características morfométrica e histológicas peculiares, que estão correlacionadas ao seu comportamento e hábito alimentar. O que sugere que esta ave apresente um trato intestinal com um esvaziamento lento, porém com eficiente absorção de nutrientes devido às longas vilosidades, uma necessidade maior de absorver água e eletrólitos na porção final, além de não necessitar de fermentação microbiana para digestão de celulose.<br>The Roadside hawk, as many others birds of prey are important agents at the operation of many biomes, because they are top predators, influencing the balance of populations of many species. Know and understand the morphometric and histological characteristics of intestinal tract, as well as enterobacteria present and relate these factors to the eating habit of this species are part of a set of key issues that directly influence the biology studies of conservation. This issue becomes even more important, not only for the lack of information regarding this animal, but also the influence that this bird can make on public health, since the roadside hawk is a well-adapted animals in urban centers can be a vector of infectious microorganisms. This way, the present work aimed to analyze the microbiology and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the intestinal tract of roadside hawks. Twelve specimens were used. Of these, nine were destined for microbiological analysis, six for morph metric analysis and six for histological analysis. The following bacterial species were isolated from cloacal samples: Escherichia coli (77,8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (11,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,1%) e Salmonella spp. (55,6%). Among the isolates, some were resistant to up to three antimicrobials. Under the morphological aspect, the intestinal tract of the bird had peculiar characteristics. In comparison with birds of the same group, the intestinal tract has a bigger mass and with the portion colon/rectum/cloacae longer, corroborating the morphological and functional characteristics of their eating habits. The intestines had simple columnar epithelium with microvillus, rich in goblet cells and thick lamina proper forming elongated villous. Cecum trace with germinal centers, and on cloacae a epithelial transition zone becoming squamous stratified keratinized epithelium. This study showed that this bird can be a enterobacteria vector importance in public health, due to reported isolates. This fact that becomes even more important due to the occurrence of strains with resistance profile to antimicrobial agents. As well as evidence that the intestinal tract of the roadside hawk has unique morphological and histological characteristics that are correlated with their behavior and eating habits. This suggests that this bird presents an intestinal tract with a slow emptying, but with efficient absorption of nutrients due to the long villous, a greater need to absorb water and electrolytes in the end portion, and do not require microbial fermentation to cellulose digestion.
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Berma, Madeline. "The commercialisation of handicraft production among the Iban of Kapit division in Sarawak, Malaysia : constraints and potential." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4923.
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This study is concerned with Iban involvement in commercial handicraft production (CHP). Its aim has been to examine the possibilities of employment expansion through small-scale rural industrialisation in Sarawak, Malaysia and to discuss differential Iban involvement and "success" in CHIP. The pertinent questions are: why do some Iban craftspersons take up CHP, while others do not; and under what conditions do Iban craftspersons succeed in CHIP? By undertaking this research, it is hoped to establish whether rural industrialisation based on craft production is "desirable" and 'feasible" for the rural Iban. Survey methods were employed from 200 Iban craftspersons from 10 longhouses in Kapit Division, Sarawak supported by participant observation in addition to in-depth interview with government personnel and selected entrepreneurs (such as tour operators, Chinese towkays). The thesis argues for a reinterpretation of Iban economic history because previous research on the Than economy has tended to ignore Iban involvement in non-agricultural activities, particularly in commercial activities. Although the Iban have become increasingly oriented to the market, there has been very little attention to the evolving landscape of the Iban economy. The study shows that Iban involvement in commercial activities does not occur in linear evolutionary phases; it is a variable and fluid response to changes in the social, economic, cultural and political environment. The study also shows that CI-[P provides the rural Iban with employment and income earning opportunities which, in turn enables them to sustain their livelihood whilst regenerating interest in Iban culture. Some craftspersons have succeeded in CHIP and have even managed to market their products beyond their local region. The majority, however, have been unable either to initiate, or once involved, to survive in CHIP because of constrains identified in marketing, availability of raw material, capital, labour, lack of entrepreneurship and institutional support, and certain cultural obstacles. Despite these problems, the majority of those Iban surveyed are willing to take up CHIP in the future suggesting that there is potential for the development of rural industrialisation in Sarawak. This study is a first step towards understanding the nature, extent and effects of Iban involvement in commercial activities, which is a neglected subject in development studies in Malaysia and the interplay of factors that promote or hinder their role in economic development.
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Shin, Layoung. "Teenage female iban in South Korea gender and sexual identity formed by performance of fan-costume-play /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Kabongo, Diem [Verfasser]. "Les Facteurs Des Insuffisance de la Prise en Charge des Diabétiques Dans la Zone de Sante D´Ibanda / Diem Kabongo." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222030527/34.
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Postill, John Raymond. "Borneo again : media, social life and the making of a national subculture among the Iban of Malaysian Borneo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382006/.
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This study examines the social and political significance of media among the Iban of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo. It is intended to contribute both to the ethnographic literature on the lban and to a neglected field of inquiry of key theoretical and practical importance: the anthropological study of media. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the problem by critically reviewing the relevant literature from social anthropology and media studies. The second chapter deals with the production side of modern media from an historical perspective. The production of a modern lban identity through radio and print media in the 1 960s was superseded in the 1970s by a more vigorous rival project supported through television and textbooks: the creation of a Malaysian national culture. The third chapter explores the 'social life and afterlife' of television sets in the Saribas region as they enter into the gift and exchange systems that bind the living and the dead, including burial rites at which television sets are destroyed. This approach reveals growing wealth disparities in rural Sarawak as well as culture-specific ways in which media artefacts are appropriated and disposed of. Chapter Four analyses the critical role of radio, television, public-address systems and other media in the organisation of social time and space in Saribas longhouse communities. I argue that these media help local people to routinely naturalize clock and calendar time both in their daily and festive lives. Chapter Five focuses on the relationship between media practices and the local Saribas ideology, or 'ideolect'. A close examination of school essays, public-address speeches and television commentary reveals a consistent set of developmentalist ideas cutting across these diverse practices. Chapter Six compares and contrasts the findings from the Saribas area (chapters 3-5) with those from a more remote region, the Skrang. I stress the importance of indigenised Christian prayer books in providing recent converts with tools with which to make sense of troubling reports from television and radio, notably news of war, famine and the spread of infectious diseases. Chapter Seven is a summary and conclusion.
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Pimenta, Luiz Henrique Fragoas. "Aplicação do sistema de informação geográfica no mapeamento do meio físico da área de influência da Estação Ecológica de Carijós - Ibama,SC." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84501.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T09:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>A conservação da biodiversidade no Brasil está intimamente relacionada com as Unidades de Conservação (UC´s). Na Ilha de Santa Catarina encontramos 42 % de sua superfície protegida por lei, através de UC´s, Áreas Tombadas e Áreas de Preservação Permanente.
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Krejbichová, Jana. "Řízení hotovosti v mezinárodní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221640.
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The master´s thesis assesses the way of cash management in an international company focused on cash pooling and netting. On the basis of an analysis of current situation and with respect to impact of cash management there is offered proposal for netting implementation in the selected company.
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Barreto, Cecilia. "Ocorrência e identificação de coccídeos em amostras fecais de passeriformes silvestres (Aves: Passeriformes) no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA em Belo Horizonte." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SMOC-9KDQBB.
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This study aimed to assess the occurrence of oocysts in feces of native Brazilian passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in a triage center for wild animals (IBAMA, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) during the period from August 21 to September 21, 2012. The risk attributed to the host Family and species, and the characterization and identification of species of coccidia were determined. Two hundred and sixteen (n=216) fecal samples of individuals of families Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae, Icteridae, Thraupidae and Turdidae were evaluated. Oocyst positive samples were found in 28,24% of feces of families Emberizidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae and Icteridae, and all (100%) were characterized as Isospora. The assessment of risk attributable to family indicated Thraupidae as the most likely host to be positive, with a greater probability of presenting oocysts than Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringilidae and Turdidae. Analysis of Icteridae suggests a greater probability of oocysts than Cardinalidae. The evaluation of risk according to host species within Thraupidae indicated a risk 66.9 % greater for Saltator similis than Lanio pileatus, and 27.9 % greater for Sporophila caerulescens than Sporophila nigricolis, for presenting fecal oocysts. Results demonstrated for the first time Isospora in feces of Cyanoloxia brisonii, Gnorimopsar chopi, Paroaria dominicana, Schistochlamys ruficapillus and Sporophila nigricolis. New species were named as I. gnorimopsar and I. chopi in G. chopi, I. dominicana, in P. dominicana, I. beagai and I. ferri, in S. similis, I. ruficapillus in S. ruficapillus and I. nigricolis in S. nigricolis.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de oocistos em Passeriformes silvestres recebidos no CETAS do IBAMA em Belo Horizonte entre 21 de agosto e 21 de setembro de 2012, o risco atribuível às famílias e espécies de hospedeiros, identificar as espécies de coccídeos envolvidas. Amostras fecais de duzentos e dezesseis (n=216) espécimes das famílias Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae, Icteridae, Thraupidae e Turdidae foram avaliadas. As amostras positivas (28,2%) pertenciam à Emberizidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae e Icteridae, todas (100%) contendo o gênero Isospora. Análise de risco atribuível às famílias de hospedeiros e sua significância sugerem que espécimes de Thraupidae têm maior probabilidade de apresentar oocistos do que Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringilidae e Turdidae. Amostras de Icteridae pareceram ter maior probabilidade de apresentar oocistos do que Cardinalidae. A avaliação da associação entre a espécie e seu risco atribuível à presença de oocistos quando comparada às outras espécies da mesma família, sugerem que a probabilidade de Saltator similis apresentar infecção por coccídeos é 66,87% maior do que a de Lanio pileatus. Sporophila caerulescens apresenta chance 27,91% maior de apresentar oocistos que Sporophila nigricolis. Descrevem-se oocistos de Isospora pela primeira vez nas fezes de Cyanoloxia brisonii, Gnorimopsar chopi, Paroaria dominicana, Schistochlamys ruficapillus e S. nigricolis. Denominou-se I. gnorimopsar e I. chopi, ambas em G. chopi, I. dominicana, em P. dominicana, I. beagai e I. ferri, ambas em S. similis, I. ruficapillus em S. ruficapillus e I. nigricolis em S. nigricolis.
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Beguet, Véronique. "Des entités invisibles qui font vivre les humains. Une approche cosmocentrique de la différenciation et de la préséance et leur articulation à l'égalitarisme chez les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23702/23702.pdf.
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Béguet, Véronique. "Des entités invisibles qui font vivre les humains : une approche cosmocentrique de la différenciation et de la préséance et leur articulation à l'égalitarisme chez les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28510.
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Joffily, Diogo. "Soltura monitorada de exemplares do Periquit?o-maracan?, Aratinga leucophthalma (Statius Muller, 1776) apreendidos pelo IBAMA no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e aspectos da alimenta??o de indiv?duos da fam?lia Psittacidae." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2348.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-17<br>The state of Rio de Janeiro is in the national and international route of the traffic of wild
animals. The numbers of apprehensions in this state are raised and the CETAS-RJ
receives a great number of animals per year. Projects of release and reintroduction of
wild animals combined with scientific research must gain space so that destination of
these animals to the natural environment can occur in an objective way. The objective
of the study was to develop procedures for release, with individuals of Aratinga
leucophthalma species, taking in consideration behavior characteristics, the social
structure, the alimentary habits and to accomplish the monitoring of the animals during
the release and the post-release, looking for results that come to aid in future projects.
The work was accomplished at three different places: the CETAS-RJ, ocurred the
handling before the release and the study of the feeding in captivity; the campus of the
UFRRJ, where field work related with the feeding in free life was don; and in the RPPN
S?o Benedito Farm in Rio Claro-RJ, where the release and the post-release monitoring
ocurred. The work was accomplished between September 2008 and July 2010. The
handling before the release was done by the preparation of a nursery to house 30
animals. The animals were grouped by flight capacity and domestication level. This
stage was also composed by the accomplishment of clinical and labs exams, individual
demarcation of the animals through rings and sexing exam. Of the selected animals
there was prevalence of males. According to the clinical exams was not verified any
aspect to make unfeasible the work. The study of the feeding in captivity was made
through analysis of the supplied food and the amount of leftovers, verifying the
preference through the alimentary behavior. Preference of the birds was revealed by the
sunflower seed and the need of the maintenance and elaboration of new balanced diets
appropriated to release programs. The field work tried to describe the alimentary items
of species from the Psittacidae family. The importance of exotic vegetable species was
revealed as food source for birds of the Psittacidae family in the campus. From the ten
alimentary items observed only three were from native species. The release was
accomplished by the model of soft release, after a period of acclimatization in the
release area, which preceded the opening of the nursery. After the opening of the
nursery a food support was maintained inside and outside of the nursery and the
monitoring was accomplished collecting data in daily accomp. The birds went
increasing gradually the distance traveled after the release and they were incorporating
themselves to groups from the area. The soft release model used in this work guaranteed
the success in the process of rehabilitation of these birds. The food supports maintained
after the opening of the nursery were extremely important to guarantee the nutrition of
the birds during the first days after the release, and to give them strength for recognition
of the area and to look for new food sources.<br>O Rio de Janeiro est? na rota nacional e internacional do tr?fico de animais silvestres.
S?o elevados os n?meros de apreens?es realizadas nesse estado e o CETAS-RJ recebe
um grande n?mero de animais por ano. Projetos de soltura e reintrodu??o de animais
silvestres, aliados a pesquisas cient?ficas devem ganhar espa?o nesse cen?rio para que o
retorno desses animais ? natureza ocorra de forma objetiva e segura. O objetivo do
estudo foi desenvolver procedimentos para soltura, atrav?s de experimentos com
indiv?duos da esp?cie Aratinga leucophthalma, levando em considera??o suas
caracter?sticas comportamentais, estrutura social, h?bitos alimentares e ainda, realizar o
monitoramento dos animais durante a soltura e o per?odo p?s-soltura, buscando
resultados que venham auxiliar futuros projetos. O trabalho foi realizado em tr?s locais
diferentes sendo eles: o CETAS-RJ, onde ocorreu o manejo antes da soltura e o estudo
da alimenta??o em cativeiro; o campus da UFRRJ, onde foi feito o trabalho de campo
relacionado com a alimenta??o em vida livre; e a RPPN Fazenda S?o Benedito em Rio
Claro-RJ, onde ocorreu a soltura e o monitoramento p?s-soltura. O per?odo de
desenvolvimento do projeto foi entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2010. O manejo pr?soltura
foi constitu?do pelo preparo de um viveiro para alojar 30 indiv?duos de A.
leucophthalma. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de v?o e
o n?vel de domestica??o. Esta etapa foi composta ainda pela realiza??o de exames
cl?nicos e laboratoriais, pela marca??o individual dos animais atrav?s de anilhas e a
sexagem. Dos animais selecionados, houve predom?nio de machos em rela??o a f?meas.
No tocante a exames cl?nicos realizados, n?o foi constatado nenhum aspecto que
pudesse inviabilizar o trabalho. O estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro foi feito atrav?s
da an?lise do alimento fornecido e a quantidade de sobra, verificando a prefer?ncia
atrav?s do comportamento alimentar. Foi revelada prefer?ncia das aves pela semente de
girassol e a necessidade da manuten??o e elabora??o de novas dietas balanceadas,
voltadas para programas de soltura. O trabalho de campo buscou descrever os itens
alimentares de esp?cies da fam?lia Psittacidae. Foi revelada a import?ncia de esp?cies
vegetais ex?ticas como fonte de alimento para aves da fam?lia Psittacidae no campus da
UFRRJ. Dos dez itens alimentares observados apenas tr?s eram provenientes de
esp?cies nativas. A soltura foi realizada pelo modelo de soltura branda, ap?s um
per?odo de aclimata??o na ?rea de soltura, que antecederam a abertura do viveiro.
Foram mantidos suportes alimentares dentro e fora do viveiro durante a soltura e o
monitoramento, que foi realizado atrav?s de acompanhamento di?rio e coleta de dados.
As aves foram gradualmente aumentando as dist?ncias percorridas ap?s a soltura e
foram se incorporando a bandos da regi?o. O modelo de soltura branda, utilizado neste
trabalho, garantiu sucesso no processo de reintrodu??o dessas aves. Os suportes
alimentares mantidos ap?s a abertura do viveiro foram de fundamental import?ncia para
garantir a nutri??o das aves nos primeiros dias ap?s a soltura, dar-lhes for?as para
reconhecimento da ?rea em que foram soltas bem como buscar novas fontes de
alimento.
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Masing, Anna Sulan. "From the jungle : Iban performance practice, migration and identity : a practice-based PhD based on four-years of research, culminating in this thesis and a performance piece, 'From the jungle', May 2012." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/678/.
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This document provides an elaboration of the critical, contextual and methodological rationale for a practice‐based PhD research project undertaken at London Metropolitan University 2009-2013. This four‐year project was an exploration in identity, space and location. It looks at the transitions, journeys and stories of migrant women. Specifically this exploration has been developed through the language of the cultural practices of Iban women. The Iban are an indigenous group of people from Borneo, predominantly living within the Malaysian state of Sarawak. Significantly the Iban practices have migrated from the jungle, to urban areas, and globally, and inevitably the identity of these practices has developed as the locations have changed, much like the women performing them. My father is Iban and my mother white New Zealander, and I grew up in both Sarawak and New Zealand before coming to live in the UK in my 20s. My performance training has been within a Western context, both in New Zealand and the UK. This project has been a personal exploration, which has wider consequences in developing performance practice and understanding the discourses of home, belonging, migration and identity. This has led to questions around migrating Iban performance and cultural practices to a western contemporary context. These questions have been investigated through the cultural practices of the Iban pantun (chapter three), the Iban ngajat (chapter two), Iban weaving (chapter four) and the use of space in the Iban longhouse (chapter one). This project was an interdisciplinary investigation; in each chapter I pull together performance theory from western practitioners and post‐colonial feminist literature with the Iban performance practice. This project has asked the question: "Can Iban cultural and performance practices be ‘migrated’ to a contemporary western performance context in order to explore experiences of women’s migration?" My research question was central to the practice‐based research I conducted, the methodologies developed through practice as research, and are central to all the work covered in this thesis. Within this context the practice is submitted as an outcome alongside this written narrative. Additional details can be found on the website: www.fromthejungle.co.uk.
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Calcenoni, Vitor. "A Avaliação e Gestão de Efeitos Ambientais Cumulativos (AGEC) na Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental de projetos: o caso da Coordenadoria Geral de Petróleo e Gás (CGPEG) do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-10022017-084955/.
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A avaliação de efeitos cumulativos e sinérgicos constitui um elemento essencial à boa prática da Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), no sentido do fortalecimento do processo de tomada de decisão e integração de aspectos ambientais no planejamento das atividades econômicas, mas a despeito da sua importância, a cumulatividade dos impactos é vista como um elemento que aumenta a complexidade do processo de AIA. Uma perspectiva promissora para a integração dos efeitos ambientais cumulativos no processo de AIA tem sido contemplada a partir inclusão da gestão dos impactos ao ciclo de avaliação de efeitos cumulativos, representada neste caso pela abordagem da Avaliação e Gestão de Efeitos Cumulativos (AGEC). Tendo em vista as limitações apontadas para o Brasil em relação à avaliação de efeitos cumulativos, considera-se relevante verificar em que medida a experiência consolidada de AGEC no contexto internacional poderia contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da AIA no país. Deste modo, o presente trabalho é voltado para a identificação de boas práticas em AGEC no contexto brasileiro, valendo-se do estudo do caso da Coordenação Geral de Petróleo e Gás (CGPEG) do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), responsável pelos processos de licenciamento ambiental de sistemas de produção de petróleo e gás no país. Por meio de uma abordagem metodológica baseada na triangulação entre literatura, documentação, e entrevistas junto ao corpo técnico do órgão ambiental, foram identificadas oportunidades e dificuldades para a aplicação de AGEC no âmbito de atuação da CGPEG. Os resultados indicam que a prática da AGEC encontra-se em fase inicial de desenvolvimento, com a identificação de algumas evidências de boas práticas devidamente internalizadas pelo órgão ambiental, como a abordagem regionalizada e a utilização de metodologia semelhante às práticas internacionais identificadas. Nota-se também o esforço da CGPEG em promover uma atuação mais eficiente e integradora, exigindo programas regionalizados com visão sistêmica, o que leva a ganhos de longo prazo nas atividades de avaliação do corpo técnico. Como destaque está a prática inovadora do Projeto de Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos (PAIC) no licenciamento da produção de petróleo da camada pré-sal da bacia de Santos, como referência para o órgão, em que houve contribuições significativas por parte de stakeholders mobilizados em espaços de acompanhamento da instalação da cadeia petrolífera na região e resolução de conflitos, o que sugere um quadro promissor para investimentos em sua estruturação e na capacitação de seu corpo técnico e gerencial, com vistas ao aprimoramento da atuação orientada para os efeitos cumulativos.<br>The evaluation of cumulative and synergistic effects consists in an essential element for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) good practices, in the sense that it enhances the decision-making process and environmental aspects integration in development planning. Despite its importance, impact accumulation is seen as adding complexity to EIA process. A promising perspective to integrate cumulative environmental effects on EIA process starts at implementing management to cumulative assessments, in this case represented by Cumulative Environmental Assessment and Management (CEAM) approach. Also recognizing Brazil\'s limitation to implement cumulative effects assessment, it is relevant to verify at which extent internationally recognized CEAM practices can improve the country EIA process. Therefore, the present study aims to identify CEAM good practices on Brazilian context, using a federal agency responsible for oil and gas environmental licensing, the \"Coordenadoria Geral de Petróleo e Gás\" (CGPEG/IBAMA). Using triangulation of methods, starting by literature review on good practices, documents and norms content analysis and semistructured interviews with CGPEG technicians, opportunities and difficulties for CEAM implementation were identified for agency performance. Results shows CEAM practices still in its early stages of development, with good practices adoption evidences for the agency, striving forth cumulative effects performance improvement. Also, CGPEG singular functional structure promotes long therm benefits for technical analysis, such as demanding a more integrated and regional approach in environmental monitoring programs. A innovative practice is the cumulative impacts assessment project demanded at the environmental licensing for Santos\' basin pre-salt layer oil and gas production, or \"Projeto de Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos\" (PAIC), a \"reccomended administrative process\", seen as a orientative material for oil and gas future projects. The PAIC development context had important stakeholder contribuitions on public particiapion processes, such as follow-up foruns for community discussion over oil industries installation at São Paulo\'s North Coast.
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Zeppel, Heather Dorothy. "Authenticity and the Iban: cultural tourism at Iban longhouses in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, 1994. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/27869/1/27869-zeppel-1994-thesis.pdf.
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Iban longhouses are a key tourist attraction in Sarawak, a Malaysian state on the island of Borneo. This thesis examines tourist responses to authenticity in Iban culture at the Sarawak Museum, Sarawak Cultural Village, and during guided Iban longhouse tours. In addition to the investigation of tourist reactions to Iban longhouses, the present set of studies also examine significant factors influencing tourist demand for authentic cultural experiences. A main objective is to evaluate authenticity through the interplay between tourist responses to the longhouse setting (situational), and fulfilling inner needs behavioural).
This field research on Iban longhouse tourism provides further insight into the concept of authenticity. It evaluates tourist reactions to the physical markers of Iban cultural identity, and the social mechanisms used by tourists to validate genuine cultural experiences. This thesis develops the notion that tourists actively select meaningful elements in Iban culture according to their own needs for authenticity. Tourist reactions to authenticity are evaluated using survey responses, supported by observations of tourist behaviour at Iban longhouses.
It is argued in the first study that commercial images of Iban culture direct the tourist's search for authenticity. Guidebooks, travel articles and postcards feature exotic markers of traditional Iban culture: trophy skulls, tattooed Iban men, dancing and ceremonial costume. Borneo adventure travel books highlight social encounters with Iban people at rural longhouses, and the impact of modernisation. Select travel reviews for the UIu Ai River focus on the natural environment or everyday Iban life.
A second study found travel brochures selectively use authenticity to sell longhouse tours. These describe the unchanged Iban,longhouse lifestyle, while many also refer to Iban headhunting. Most brochures depict Iban people posing in traditional costume, few include scenes of everyday Iban life. Mass tourism brochures describe organised Iban cultural activities, adventure travel and 'individual' travel brochures highlight social involvement or environmental experiences, while ecotourism brochures feature sharing daily life with the Iban. Behavioural aspects of authenticity are promoted to new travel market segments.
A field study conducted at the Sarawak Museum indicated that Iban culture is represented by artefacts, historic images, and a walk-through replica of two rooms in an Iban longhouse. Authenticity is projected through display techniques rather than a personal Iban 'voice'. Exhibits at the Sarawak Museum feature typical Iban objects (skulls, textiles, hornbill icon etc) with no personal accounts of Iban life. Tourists at the Sarawak Museum also construct their own meanings for Iban exhibits. This suggests authenticity is not tied to the object itself but is developed as a personal response, based on prior experience of Iban longhouse culture.
A second field study examined Iban longhouse tours in the Second Division of Sarawak, where visitors experience Iban lifestyle and culture. Such longhouse tours are object-oriented at Serubah, focus on social interaction with Iban people at Nanga Kesit, or allow tourists to share daily Iban life at Nanga Stamang. Tourists further enjoy modified Iban ritual events, revived Iban customs, outdoor excursions, and new visitor activities like games and a craft sale. Guided tours thus link authenticity with situational aspects of the longhouse location, or encourage tourist participation in social activities enhancing behavioural authenticity.
Field survey data on tourist responses confirmed that authenticity is specific to the longhouse destination and the kind of cultural encounter. In rating Iban cultural markers, most tourists considered the longhouse building, costumes, dances and, to a lesser extent, Iban lifestyle to be traditional, especially at Nanga Stamang. Tourist statements indicated that meeting Iban people and the personal meaning of a longhouse visit also contribute to authenticity. This personal aspect was enhanced by social interaction with Iban people and spontaneous behaviour.
A third field study conducted in the Iban longhouse at the Sarawak Cultural Village identified two groups of tourists who experienced authenticity in different ways. Survey data indicated that visitors with prior experience of Iban culture, on a longhouse tour, are more dissatisfied with the presentation of Iban lifestyle; instead they seek meaningful contact with Iban staff. Other 'first time' tourists linked authenticity with physical markers of Iban cultural identity, mainly dance and costume. While tourists seek authenticity at two levels, guided tours largely focus on Iban craft activities rather than meeting Iban people.
For tourists at Iban longhouses, achieving a genuine cultural experience is both situational and linked to satisfying inner needs. Field research indicated tourists are satisfied with key Iban cultural features. In this context, authenticity or personal meaning is mainly linked with meeting Iban people rather than seeing cultural markers. Tourist presentations of Iban culture, in different settings, should therefore address these personal needs for authenticity. Developing this behavioural aspect of authenticity would contribute to sustainable Iban longhouse tourism in Sarawak. Through Iban culture, tourists seek both a real world and their real self.
Additional research on cultural tourism would confirm when and how motivational aspects are important in defining authenticity. This behavioural dimension of authenticity requires more critical analysis, especially the element of spontaneity and the construction of personal meaning by tourists. Meeting this growing need for personal fulfilment in cultural encounters is central to 'new tourism'. Describing the various types of social interaction between tourists and their indigenous hosts, in varied cultural settings, would indicate which factors build a satisfying cultural experience. Authenticity needs to be further examined from the tourist perspective, for both cultural tours and built cultural attractions.
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Edward, Ronnie. "Adat Iban: a living traditional wisdom?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12487.
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Adat Iban are Indigenous law of the Iban people of Sarawak, Malaysia. This dissertation
explores the wisdom of Adat Iban and examines whether the Adat and the underlying wisdom are living Adat. Currently, the interpretation, application, and enforcement of the Adat are basically following the Iban ancestors’ practices and complying with spiritual obligations. This practice provides very little legal reasoning which obscures the rationales and wisdom of Adat. Under such situation, the flux of socio-economic and political developments and social changes that have been taking place in the Iban communities impinges the relevance and significance of Adat in the regulation of social relations of the communities. This study presents a reinterpretation and/or re-evaluation of Adat Iban to elucidate the rationales and wisdom of Adat Iban. This approach could provide legal reasonings which could rejuvenate the relevance of Adat and make Adat to become more comprehensible law of general application to the changing Iban communities. “Wisdom” encompasses Iban autochthonous knowledge, ideas, experiences, judgements, and spiritual principle that evolved into Adat. Wisdom is the quality that enables an Adat to be utilised to bring about beneficial or noble purpose, or justice. The study contends that there is wisdom in most Adat Iban. However, the social changes and modernisation that are taking place in most Iban communities raise the question of whether the Adat and the underlying wisdom are living Adat. A living Adat is one that is dynamic and flexible and constantly adjusting and adapting to the new or changing social situations. This study
concludes that most Adat Iban have the potential to be living Adat and continue to be relevant for the regulation of Iban communities. However, the survival, development, and continuing relevance of Adat Iban depend on the Iban.<br>Graduate<br>2021-11-18
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Kruse, William Henry. "Selling wild Borneo : Iban longhouse tourism in Sarawak." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148585.
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Remešová, Blanka Michaela. "Ženské a mužské role u kmene Iban na Kalimantanu." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-282281.
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The doctoral thesis studies woman's and men's roles in the Iban tribe in Kalimantan. As a result of the growing influence of the majority society, these crofters, originally living in the heart of the primeval forest, have undergone many changes in the last 20 years. They have to cope with a different lifestyle and values hectically imposed upon them to a large extent. This process influences the structure of the whole society, and affects also the traditional system of male and female roles. Through deep study and analysis of female and male activities, I have studied penetrability of the assigned roles, which start to appear as impaired or non-functional, and which determine the creation of new structures.
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Jennings, Carol S. "Place and cultural identity among the Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23137738.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-142).
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Harris, Amanda Dorothy. "Healing knowledge, healing power: the agency of well-being among Iban communities, Sarawak." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1312548.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The concern of this thesis is the articulation of several contexts of experience - illness and healing, history and the socio-economic and political forces underlying marginalisation in the lives of rural Iban people in the Pakan Sub-district of Sarawak. Examination of the healing context reveals some longhouse communities are experiencing an invigoration of racial identification that embraces an Ibanness with its roots in the past, a strengthening of alliances between community members and the reinforcement of boundaries distinguishing rural Iban people from racially and religiously defined others. Other communities are turning away from the practices of their forbears in constructing identities more in line with officially sanctioned notions of modernity. These processes are the result of historical, political and economic realities, and a growing disparity between longhouse communities that is related o uneven development in rural areas. Attending to the disparities in marginalisation between communities is essential to understanding how people experience illness, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment they pursue as well as ways in which healing practice and healing knowledge are both informed by and enter into people's negotiations of social relations outside the medical context, notably, the progression of rural Iban people into the lower ranks of an emerging class structure. The point of departure for much of the analysis is the phenomenology of being ill. Notions of personhood that inform conceptions of health and illness are discussed with particular attention to <i>semengat</i>. This analysis is location within disciplinary debates on Western anthropological representation of, in this case, a Southeast Asian 'other'. A critique is offered of decontextualised, overly systemised and reified anthropological representations in relation to the ethnography of Iban people and Iban healing, and this critique informs an analysis of diagnostic process and curative resort among Pakan longhouse residents. This material is also a response to a dearth of such research among rural people of Sarawak. In particular, the extent and basis of resort to non-biomedical therapies are addressed through an exploration of six examples of illness, themselves contextualised in a broader analysis of curative practices among longhouse residents. Pakan people's awareness of vulnerability and victimisation effected by historical, political and economic forces, also finds expression i transformations of local aetiology manifesting in illness causing agents beyond the scope of Iban medical knowledge. Similarly, notions of diminishing 'Iban power' emerge in assertions of decreasing healing power. Such transformations, however, as they are internalised and explicitly reinforced by Pakan people, are in tension with attempts to construct a modern and viable identity around Iban medical knowledge and practice. Particular attention is given to Iban women, whose experiences of development are in many ways distinct from those of men. The relationship of many longhouse women with the institutions of biomedicine, as well as other changes in women's lives, effect transformations in perceptions of self that augment gender inequality. The thesis concludes with an event that condenses and renders transparent relations of power between Iban healers, their communities and Iban representatives of state. Through various unscripted forms of resistance, Iban healers attempt to insert their practice into the agendas of those who claim to support rural communities. The limits to agency they experience as their attempts fail to transform prevailing structures of power is a poignant indicator of the lack of agency of rural Iban people in determining the general conditions of their lives and their future.
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Béguet, Véronique. "Des entités invisibles qui font vivre les humains : une approche cosmocentrique de la différenciation et de la préséance et leur articulation à l'égalitarisme chez les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia) /." 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23702/23702.pdf.
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Low, Audrey. "Social fabric: Circulating pua kumbu textiles of the Indigenous Dayak Iban people in Sarawak, Malaysia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/637.
Full textAbstract:
University of Technology, Sydney. Institute of International Studies.<br>Within Borneo, the indigenous Iban pua kumbu cloth, historically associated with headhunting, is steeped in spirituality and mythology. The cloth, the female counterpart of headhunting, was known as women’s war (Linggi, 1999). The process of mordanting yarns in preparation for tying and dyeing was seen as a way of managing the spiritual realm (Heppell, Melak, & Usen, 2006). It required of the ‘women warriors’ psychological courage equivalent to the men when decapitating enemies. Headhunting is no longer a relevant cultural practice. However, the cloth that incited headhunting continues to be invested with significance in the modern world, albeit in the absence of its association with headhunting. This thesis uses the pua kumbu as a lens through which to explore the changing dynamics of social and economic life with regard to men’s and women’s roles in society, issues of identity and nationalism, people’s relationship to their environment and the changing meanings and roles of the textiles themselves with global market forces. By addressing these issues I aim to capture the fluid expressions of new social dynamics using a pua kumbu in a very different way from previous studies. Using the scholarship grounded in art and material culture studies, and with particular reference to theories of ‘articulation’ (Clifford, 2001), ‘circulation’ (Graburn & Glass, 2004) and ‘art and agency’ (Gell, 1998; MacClancy, 1997a), I analyse how the Dayak Iban use the pua kumbu textile to renegotiate their periphery position within the nation of Malaysia (and within the bumiputera indigenous group) and to access more enabling social and economic opportunities. I also draw on the theoretical framework of ‘friction’ and ‘contact zones’ as outlined by Tsing (2005), Karp (2006) and Clifford (1997) to contextualize my discussion of the of the exhibition and representation of pua kumbu in museums. Each of these theoretical frameworks is applied to my data to situate and illustrate my arguments. Whereas in the past, it was the culture that required the object be made, now the object is made to do cultural work. The cloth, instead of revealing hidden symbols and meanings in its motifs, is now made to carry the culture, having itself become a symbol or marker for Iban people. Using an exploration of material culture to understand the complex, dynamic and flowing nature of the relationship between objects and the identities of the producers and consumer is the key contribution of this thesis.
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Low, A. "Social fabric : circulating Pua Kumbu textiles of the Indigenous Dayak Iban people in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20221.
Full textAbstract:
University of Technology, Sydney. Institute of International Studies.<br>Within Borneo, the indigenous Iban pua kumbu cloth, historically associated with
headhunting, is steeped in spirituality and mythology. The cloth, the female
counterpart of headhunting, was known as women’s war (Linggi, 1999). The process of
mordanting yarns in preparation for tying and dyeing was seen as a way of managing
the spiritual realm (Heppell, Melak, & Usen, 2006). It required of the ‘women warriors’
psychological courage equivalent to the men when decapitating enemies. Headhunting
is no longer a relevant cultural practice. However, the cloth that incited headhunting
continues to be invested with significance in the modern world, albeit in the absence of
its association with headhunting.
This thesis uses the pua kumbu as a lens through which to explore the changing
dynamics of social and economic life with regard to men’s and women’s roles in society,
issues of identity and nationalism, people’s relationship to their environment and the
changing meanings and roles of the textiles themselves with global market forces. By
addressing these issues I aim to capture the fluid expressions of new social dynamics
using a pua kumbu in a very different way from previous studies.
Using the scholarship grounded in art and material culture studies, and with
particular reference to theories of ‘articulation’ (Clifford, 2001), ‘circulation’ (Graburn
& Glass, 2004) and ‘art and agency’ (Gell, 1998; MacClancy, 1997a), I analyse how the
Dayak Iban use the pua kumbu textile to renegotiate their periphery position within the
nation of Malaysia (and within the bumiputera indigenous group) and to access more
enabling social and economic opportunities. I also draw on the theoretical framework
of ‘friction’ and ‘contact zones’ as outlined by Tsing (2005), Karp (2006) and Clifford
(1997) to contextualize my discussion of the of the exhibition and representation of pua
kumbu in museums. Each of these theoretical frameworks is applied to my data to
situate and illustrate my arguments.
Whereas in the past, it was the culture that required the object be made, now
the object is made to do cultural work. The cloth, instead of revealing hidden symbols
and meanings in its motifs, is now made to carry the culture, having itself become a
symbol or marker for Iban people. Using an exploration of material culture to
understand the complex, dynamic and flowing nature of the relationship between
objects and the identities of the producers and consumer is the key contribution of this
thesis.
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Lau, Siew Ching, and 劉曉靜. "Explore the Cultural Symbolism of Rain Forest : The Aboriginal Brand Music Album Design of Borneo Iban." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g427mq.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>工業設計系<br>103<br>Iban is the biggest ethnic group in Borneo Sarawak. It’s full of tribal cultural symbolism. The Iban cultural symbolism is not only a media for communication, but also represents the cultural value of Iban. Therefore Iban cultural symbolism is the core of rebranding LUH brand image and music album design. In this study, lending from archetype symbolism structure by a book named “Brand Symbolism Experience” written by Kuei To –Wang, using the symbol for LUH brand image from brand association to enhance the brand value. The study is mainly using Iban religion, cultural weaving, pattern, and tattoo by combining the symbol, theme, and image of archetype symbolism structure to wield cultural symbolism design brand. Including by using painting technique on music album design. Through LUH brand and music album design writer provides a new trend cultural image, for the costumer and for the understanding of Iban cultural value.
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"O mico-leão-dourado ( Leontopithecus rosalia) como dispersor de sementes na Reserva Biológica União/IBAMA, Rio das Ostras, RJ." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-30092004-094442/.
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Chalmers, Linda Louise. "Ikat sequences and social-cultural patterns: the impact of industrialization on the lives of Iban artisans in Sarawak." Thesis, 1993. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44325/1/44325-chalmers-1993-thesis.pdf.
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This thesis concerns the relationship of ikat artwork and social practice, in the context of industrial society. It brings into focus the connections between making and using ceremonial cloths and specific systems of social thinking. Of special interest is the role of women artisans in the making of pre-state Iban culture. The thesis explores ways in which sequences of ikat work overlap with and serve to reproduce systems of social knowledge. In its attention to relations between makers of ikat artwork and cultural brokers in Sarawak in the 1990s, the study questions the impact of external cultural brokers on the agency of Iban women.
It is a participant-observation study which draws on the competencies of the writer as a textile artist, and her earlier post-graduate fieldwork among indigenous weavers in Latin America. An ethnographic approach is based on extended longhouse stays in the early 1990s, principally in two rural communities - one of which is remote and the other marked by much closer historic ties to outside socializing groups. While considerable questionnaire use is engaged to crosscheck basic materials, the methodology is consistent with the development of empathy and qualitative data through living with key informants.
The conceptual grounds are informed by the approach developed by modes of production theorists. In this case it is used more as a guiding principle than a rigid framework. It results in close scrutiny of continuities in access to the means by which indigenous artists reproduce their social practices. In the context of industrial society, the approach points to ways in which Iban women are denied direct agency in the making of their culture in the 1990s. The dominant theme of everyday practice draws on social-historical variables, in particular, patterns of pre-state land tenure and subsistence activities. In the 1990s, even the most remote Iban are increasingly engaged in wage labour and commercial agriculture. The analysis unravels capitalist relations with rural artisans, and identifies negative consequences in terms of the intellectual and aesthetic value of pre-state ikat artwork.
At issue are ways in which cultural brokers impinge on the opportunities of rural women to make critical decisions regarding art practice - a situation, the thesis argues, which undermines the wider agency of Iban women. Cultural brokers refers to both private patrons, and public bodies which include vocational training programs and national women's organizations.
The thesis analyzes the relationship of cultural brokers and development programs, and specifically, evidence that cultural brokers subsume rural artisans as wage labour. It finds that wherever rural women undertake craftwork which is discontinuous between ikat affected with everyday experience, the artwork and social practice is connection negatively
The implication is clear, that contemporary artwork which transmits the ideologies of external socializing groups, contributes to the loss of agency of the maker in her own community. A more general connection is made with the malfunctioning of indigenous systems of cultural knowledge.
The thesis makes a specific contribution to the anthropology of art, from the perspective of art as social practice. It does so by building on ethnographic understanding of intellectual and aesthetic elements which constitute indigenous artwork. In emphasizing this value, the thesis refutes assumptions in Western art theory concerning the marginality of indigenous women's practices in the domain of fine art.
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QIAO, WEN-JUAN, and 喬文娟. "A study on the pillared house in rainforest cilimate:a field survey on the longhouses of Iban Tribe of sarawak in Borneo." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91528131838011553782.
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