Journal articles on the topic 'Ibas Fund'

SummaryBirdLife International´s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA) Programme has identified, documented and mapped over 13,000 sites of international importance for birds. IBAs have been influential with governments, multilateral agreements, businesses and others in: (1) informing governments’ efforts to expand protected area networks (in particular to meet their commitments through the Convention on Biological Diversity); (2) supporting the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) in the marine realm, (3) identifying Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention; (4) identifying sites of importance for species under the Convention on Migratory Species and its sister agreements; (5) identifying Special Protected Areas under the EU Birds Directive; (6) applying the environmental safeguards of international finance institutions such as the International Finance Corporation; (7) supporting the private sector to manage environmental risk in its operations; and (8) helping donor organisations like the Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF) to prioritise investment in site-based conservation. The identification of IBAs (and IBAs in Danger: the most threatened of these) has also triggered conservation and management actions at site level, most notably by civil society organisations and local conservation groups. IBA data have therefore been widely used by stakeholders at different levels to help conserve a network of sites essential to maintaining the populations and habitats of birds as well as other biodiversity. The experience of IBA identification and conservation is shaping the design and implementation of the recently launched Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Partnership and programme, as IBAs form a core part of the KBA network.

O IBAS é um relevante instrumento de cooperação sul-sul que nasceu como uma plataforma de debates para uma instituição com objetivos bem delineados. Passados 15 anos desde sua criação, quais foram os avanços mais salientes deste arranjo institucional? A partir disso, este texto fez um balanço dos resultados, a partir do confronto entre os resultados concretos do Fórum e as declarações oficiais. Foi constatado que o Fundo IBAS além de ser a face mais visível do Fórum IBAS é o principal instrumento para os objetivos comuns dos países-membros. A partir da conceituação da cooperação sul-sul será feito uma comparação dos objetivos iniciais do fórum com seus resultados após quinze anos.

The governments of several developing nations have used public funds to support International Branch Campuses (IBCs). These countries often have specific requirements and regulations that the IBCs must meet. As a result, some of the IBC’s most fundamental financial, academic and governance decisions are determined or heavily influenced by the host nation. These practices compromise the financial autonomy and academic autonomy of IBCs and threaten their sustainability and quality.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to critically analyse State Bank of Pakistan’s Shariah governance framework (SGF) which is indeed a backbone for the survival of Islamic banking institutions (IBIs). Shariah compliance along with other contemporary standards makes it more challenging for the staff to ensure satisfaction of all stakeholders of IBIs. Besides profitability, IBI customers need complete satisfaction that their funds have been administered according to the Shariah law and returns are from permissible business operations. Design/methodology/approach: SGF was analysed for making inferences by systematically and objectively identifying special characteristics of the framework for IBIs. Utilising interpretive and naturalistic approach including both observational and narrative based discourses associated with ground realities, the article outlines pragmatic modifications in existing framework to bridge the gap between Shariah boards and the board of directors. Findings: Over the years Shariah governance mechanisms have significantly groomed in Pakistan, however, the need and room for improvement always remains for further developments . SGF enables convenient operations of IBIs with predetermined set of instructions and objectives. Nevertheless, IBIs need continuous monitoring and handholding to implement the SGF in true spirit. This article critically analysed updated SGF (2018) through content analysis and identified a few important gaps in the existing SGF. Those gapes such as absence of It has been observed that lack of performance evaluation of Board of Directors (BoD) and Shariah Board (SB) is important impediment in the development and expansion of IBIs. Originality/Value: Current study identifies that existing SGF is devoid of determining key performance indicators (KPIs) for IBIs in terms of Shariah compliance and performance of BoDs and SBs. Therefore, this article concluded with proposed new Shariah governance framework for IBIs to ensure close liaison between BoD and SB through Board’s Committee of Shariah Governance (BCSG) with the provision of indicators for Shariah compliance ratings of IBIs.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the budget system, accounting in budgetary institutions and changes that have occurred in budgetary legislation. The content and concepts of the budget system and its accounting are disclosed. Method. Theoretical approaches to determining the mechanisms and discrete components of the state budget system and its transition to the new IBAN international standards system have been developed. The research is based on the use of a systematic approach to the consideration of phenomena in the Treasury system of Ukraine and the budget system, on the fundamental principles of economic theory, systems theory, theory of finance, the theory of international calculations according to IBAN international standards. Results. There is an inseparable link between the Treasury and the budget system and the new legislation governing their activities. Value/originality. It has been determined that the dynamic development of states, regions and communities in the long run cannot be ensured without the creation of an effective budget management system. An innovative tariff policy has been proposed and opportunities for using non-traditional agricultural insurance products have been identified. Recommendations have been made to improve the state's budget and treasury activities. It is substantiated that the budget deficit is an almost constant phenomenon in the economy of every state, in Ukraine it is a chronic phenomenon, the presence of the deficit is indirect for the population, but it participates in the return of the funds involved to cover the deficit through payment of taxes.

Resumo: O Processamento auditivo é a capacidade que o sistema nervoso tem para usar a informação que chega pela audição. As habilidades auditivas são necessárias para que haja o processamento das informações. Testes comportamentais são utilizados para avaliar desordens do processamento auditivo, como o Teste de Identificação de Sentenças Sintéticas com Mensagem Competitiva Ipsilateral Pediátrico (PSI), que avalia a habilidade de figura-fundo para sons verbais. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa que objetiva identificar a aplicabilidade do teste PSI, nos últimos dez anos. Uma busca nas bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed, Medline, IBCS e SciELO foi realizada, utilizando-se como descritores: percepção auditiva, testes auditivos, transtorno da percepção auditiva ,audição, compreensão, combinados com a palavra PSI. Foram encontrados 52 artigos, sendo selecionados, lidos na íntegra e analisados, apenas, oito artigos. Pôde-se observar grande variabilidade em sua aplicação, demonstrando ser uma eficaz ferramenta de avaliação do processamento auditivo em diferentes populações e faixas etárias.

Desde a década de 70, nas favelas cariocas, boa parte da produção cultural e de entretenimento está diretamente ligada à música negra norte-americana, passando por releituras em sua estrutura rítmica e adaptando as letras para o cenário nacional. A favela tem ocupado um lugar decisivo na produção e consumo musical, principalmente nos bailes funk, ambientes propícios à suspensão dos problemas do cotidiano, interação entre diferentes classes sociais, geração de renda e lócus privilegiado para demonstração do poder das facções. A música, nesse contexto, torna-se importante forma de comunicação e passa a ocupar um lugar central nas discussões sobre ordem urbana. Os dados apresentados são resultado de entrevistas em favelas entre 2005 e 2009, e no retorno a campo em 2012. Serão analisadas letras classificadas como "proibidas", documentos produzidos pelo Estado durante a implantação das UPPS e um número especial da revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais (Ibase) sobre o tema.

Abstract Air pollution is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia in older populations (Cacciottolo et al 2017; Chen et al 2017). Rodent models of air pollution exposure also show Alzheimer-like changes including glial inflammatory responses and increased levels of endogenous amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides (Cacciottolo et al 2017 Levesque et al 2011). We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of Aβ production during nPM exposure would attenuate the amyloidogenic processing of APP and glial inflammatory responses. This hypothesis was tested using the γ-secretase modulator (GSM) (BPN-15606) which decreases Aβ42 levels in wild-type rodents (Wagner et al 2017; Kounnas et al. 2010). After nPM exposure of C57BL/6J male mice for 8 weeks, GSM-feeding attenuated pro-amyloidogenic and microglial inflammatory responses. Cerebral cortex levels of Aβ40 and 42 peptides were decreased by 35% and 45% respectively in mice exposed to filtered air and fed with GSM. Hippocampal levels of microglial Iba1 remained at control levels, a decrement of 50% below GSM treated mice. We suggest the Alzheimer candidate drug BPN-15606 has potential benefits to reducing the possible impact of urban air pollution in cognitive aging and Alzheimer risk. The attenuation of pro-amyloidogenic and microglial inflammatory responses is consistent with a role of endogenous Aβ levels in glial inflammatory responses and cognitive impairments from air pollution. Cacciottolo et al 2017, PMID 28140404; Chen H et al. 2017, PMID: 28917207; Levesque et al 2011, PMID 21864400; Wagner et al 2017, PMID 28416568; Kounnas 2010, PMID 20826309 Funding: P01 AG055367, R21AG050201, Cure Alzheimer’s Fund

Despite development and extension of different ways of financing in financial markets, encompassing Islamic and conventional financing, the mechanism of Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) of project financing both as borrowed and non-borrowed methods has not been considered at most. Moreover overall IT infrastructures development namely Real Gross Settlement System (RTGS), Automatic Clearing House (ACH), Scriptless Security Settlement System (SSSS) and International Bank Account Number (IBAN) for authentication process and the international meta bank network of Single Euro Payment Area (SEPA) and also international integrated banking networks including the Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) and Interbank Information Transfer Network (Shetab), and other accomplished endeavors are not efficient in absorbing international contributions for project financing through foreign exchange funds in the different countries, satisfactory E-Payment mechanism in informative portal systems for investment projects are weak. In this way, the role of applying E-Payment systems for attracting foreign investment through retail resources mobilization and design of financial instruments with the capability of transacting in the secondary markets should be reconsidered. In this paper by having a glance at different types of investment project financing, we introduce a new project financing mechanism based on E-Payment with non-usury financial instruments to complete investment project financing chain in the form of Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) banking.Sharia compliance of financing instruments in one side and accessibility in absorbing international retail foreign exchange sources on other side are two fundamental discussible items in this paper. In this way by designing a new system of "Non-Usury Scriptless Security Settlement System" (NSSSS) with non-usury mechanisms -avoiding legislative (Sharia) circumvention- can provide the two cited goals in designing non-usury financing instruments through IT-based non-usury financial innovations which includes of Rastin Certificates in Rastin PLS banking, and Non-Usury Bonds namely Rastin Swap Bonds.

In this paper, I present a part of the results of the field research I conducted from mid-2011 to early 2017 in Kosovska Mitrovica. The aim of this study was to attempt to clarify the situation of the Serbian population in this city in terms of the major socio-political changes after the war in Kosovo and Metohia in 1999, the introduction of an international protectorate in this territory and the division of Kosovska Mitrovica into two parts - the southern, inhabited mostly by Albanians, and northern, populated mostly by Serbs. The main problem which the paper discusses refers to one of the key aspects of the everyday life of Kosovska Mitrovica residents in the period after the war, and that is the concept of space, the significance of which is already supported by the fact that the division of the city causes the concentration of the Serbs and the Albanians on the opposite sides of the Ibar river, in respect of which, as the borderline, they both marked the parts of the city in which they are grouped as theirs, abstracting them as entities associated with the determination of their own ethnic identity. The greatest attention in the paper is devoted to the consideration of the individual elements of the spatial symbolism of Serbs in the ethnically divided city of Kosovska Mitrovica, from the standpoint of their role in competitive identity politics against the Albanians. The elements considered in this respect fall into, on the one hand, the domain of secular symbolism, which took into account the strategies of space ideologization by constructing street topography and a memorial fund, and, on the other hand, the domain of religious symbolism, where a reference was made to the identity shaping of space using religious architecture.

The Institute of International Education (IIE) 2018 Open Doors report highlighted that the United States is the leading international education destination, having hosted about 1.1 million international students in 2017 (IIE, 2018a). Despite year over year increases, U.S. Department of State (USDOS, 2018) data show that for a third year in a row, international student visa issuance is down. This is not the first decline. Student visa issuance for long-term academic students on F visas also significantly dropped following the 9/11 attacks (Johnson, 2018). The fall in issuances recovered within 5 years of 2001 and continued to steadily increase until the drop in 2016. Taken together, the drops in international student numbers indicate a softening of the U.S. international education market. In 2001, the United States hosted one out of every three globally mobile students, but by 2018 it hosted just one of five (IIE, 2018b). This suggests that over the past 20 years, the United States has lost a share of mobile students in the international education market because they’re enrolled elsewhere. The Rise of Nontraditional Education Destination Countries Unlike the United States, the percentage of inbound students to other traditional destinations such as Canada, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, has remained stable since the turn of the 21st century. Meanwhile, nontraditional countries like the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Russia are garnering more students and rising as educational hotspots (Knight, 2013). The UAE and Russia annually welcome thousands of foreign students, respectively hosting over 53,000 and 194,000 inbound international university students in 2017 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019). This is not happenstance. In the past 5 years, these two countries, among others, have adopted higher education internationalization policies, immigration reforms, and academic excellence initiatives to attract foreign students from around the world. The UAE is one of six self-identified international education hubs in the world (Knight, 2013) and with 42 international universities located across the emirates, it has the most international branch campuses (IBCs) worldwide (Cross-Border Education Research Team, 2017). Being a country composed of nearly 90% immigrants, IBCs allow the UAE to offer quality higher education to its non-Emirati population and to attract students from across the Arab region and broader Muslim world. National policy and open regulations not only encourage foreign universities to establish IBCs, they alsoattract international student mobility (Ilieva, 2017). For example, on November 24, 2018, the national government updated immigration policy to allow foreign students to apply for 5-year visas (Government.ae, 2018). The Centennial 2071 strategic development plan aims for the UAE to become a regional and world leader in innovation, research, and education (Government.ae, 2019), with the long-term goal of creating the conditions necessary to attract foreign talent. Russia’s strategic agenda also intends to gain a greater competitive advantage in the world economy by improving its higher education and research capacity. Russia currently has two higher education internationalization policies: “5-100-2020” and “Export Education.” The academic excellence project, known as “5-100-2020,” funds leading institutions with the goal to advance five Russian universities into the top 100 globally by 2020 (Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 2018). The “Export Education” initiative mandates that all universities double or triple the number of enrolled foreign students to over half a million by 2025 (Government.ru, 2017). These policies are explicitly motivated by boosting the Russian higher education system and making it more open to foreigners. Another growing area is international cooperation. Unlike the UAE, Russia has few IBCs, but at present, Russian universities partner with European and Asian administrators and government delegates to create dual degree and short-term programs. Historically, Russia has been a leading destination for work and education migrants from soviet republics in the region, but new internationalization policies are meant to propel the country into the international education market and to attract international students beyond Asia and Europe. Future Trends in 21st Century International Education Emerging destination hotspots like the UAE and Russia are vying to become more competitive in the global international higher education market by offering quality education at lower tuition rates in safe, welcoming locations closer to home. As suggested by the softening of the U.S. higher education market, international students may find these points attractive when considering where to study. Sociopolitical shifts that result from events such as 9/11 or the election of Donald Trump in combination with student mobility recruitment initiatives in emerging destinations may disrupt the status quo for traditional countries by rerouting international student enrollment to burgeoning educational hotspots over the coming decades.

Una visión histórica de la interrelación seres humanos-medioambiente, nos conduce ineludiblemente a la cacería. Si analizamos esta práctica ancestral desde una visión de Conservación Integral Alternativa desde el Sur; sabremos que los primeros nómadas en suelo nacional se dedicaron a la cacería de megafauna alrededor de los 10.000 a/C, usando puntas clovis en ecosistemas boscosos tropicales. En otras latitudes, la domesticación de animales como ovejas y vacas, ya había iniciado. Conforme las sociedades humanas se iban asentando (8.000-4.000 a/c) y organizando (4.000-1.000 a/c); se inicia y desarrolla el proceso de domesticación de plantas y surgen las primeras comunidades agrícolas. Cabe señalar que en este último período se encontraron herramientas de piedra más elaboradas y trabajos en huesos de animales cazados. Los primeros pueblos indígenas a partir de los 1.000 a/c, y luego desarrollados hasta los 1.500 d/c (siglo XVI), ya cazaban una gran variedad de animales propios del Neo-trópico, tales como pecaríes, jaguares, tapires, tepezcuintles y guacamayas; de hecho, su cosmovisión giraba en torno a la naturaleza. Paralelamente a estas actividades en Abya Yala (hoy América); en Europa, durante la edad media, los señores feudales conservaban áreas naturales para la cacería de zorros y lobos, y los animales domésticos cumplían un importante rol en la producción y alimentación. De allí que los españoles que conquistaron y sometieron estas tierras y su gente, tuvieran una visión diferente de lo que era progreso y medioambiente. Durante el siglo XVI, se introdujeron los primeros animales domésticos tales como caballos, vacas, cerdos, cabras y ovejas, iniciándose un proceso de transformación del uso del suelo para la cría de estos animales hacia fines de este siglo y surgieron entonces, los primeros asentamientos rurales urbanos al estilo español. Se sabe que aquí los españoles cazaban venados con armas de fuego; mientras que la población nativa seguía cazando con métodos tradicionales -flechas, arcos, cerbatanas y trampas- y había iniciado procesos de domesticación de pecaríes, tapires y aves silvestres. Durante los siglos XVII-XVIII, con procesos urbanos más concentrados, se fomenta la ganadería y los cultivos de tabaco y café; continúa la cacería de subsistencia y surge la cacería deportiva. En el siglo XIX, empiezan a llegar los primeros exploradores y naturalistas extranjeros y se funda el Museo Nacional, todos utilizando la caza científica como técnica de estudio. En el siglo XX, se forman los primeros clubes de caza deportiva de venado, se implementan leyes al respecto y surge la creación de las áreas protegidas y la firma de tratados internacionales, dentro de un marco político globalizado de conservación en alianza con políticas neoliberales. Hoy día (inicios del siglo XXI), las leyes de cacería son cada vez más restrictivas, y se promueve el uso no consuntivo de la fauna silvestre por el turismo. Sin embargo, las prácticas ancestrales de cacería aún subsisten en los poblados rurales y forma parte de la identidad y diversidad biocultural de Costa Rica.

This study discusses the mnemonic method of remembering key words for middle school children. The background of this study is that many students at school find it difficult and less responsive to vocabulary mastery in students. Use this mnemonic method for keywords we apply in the eighth semester in middle school. To determine the effect of using the mnemonic method effectively for success, we apply the eighth semester students in high school. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The use of the mnemonic method for keywords in the eighth semester of middle school. Based on the post-test scores, learning uses the mnemonic method for keywords. Its value is 85.59, as an average. Mastering Arabic vocabulary among students before using the mnemonic method for data-based key words. The pre-test mean score of students' Arabic vocabulary mastery in the experimental semester was 66.07 and the mean score in the control class was 62.18. As well as mastering the students' Arabic vocabulary after treatment.الباري، ماهر شعبان عبد. تعليم المفردات اللغوية. عمان: دار المسيرة، ٢۰١١.الشيخ، الحافظ عبد الرحيم. تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها. إربد: عالم الكتب الحديث، ٢۰١٣.الضامن، منذر. أساسيات البحث العلمي. عمان: دار المسيرة، ٢۰۰٧.الناقة، محمود كامل و رشدي أحمد طعيمة. طرائق التدريس اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها. الرباط: إيسيسكو، ٢۰۰٣.الهيجاء، فؤاد حسن حسين أبو. أساليب وطرق تدريس اللغة العربية وإعداد دروسها اليومية. الأردن: دار المنازع للنشر والتوزيع، ٢۰۰٧.براون, دوجلاس. مبادئ تعلم والتعليم اللغة.Terjemahan oleh إبراهيم بن حمد القعيد و عيد بن عبد الله الشمري. الرياض: مكتب التربية العربي لدول الخليج، ١٩٩٤.طعيمة، رشدي أحمد، و محمود كامل الناقة. تعليم اللغة إتصاليا بين الدنادج والإستراتيجيات. الرباط: إيسيسكو، ٢۰۰٦.طعيمة، رشدي أحمد. تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها مناهجه وأساليبه. الرباط: إيسيسكو، ١٩٨٩.طعيمة، رشدي أحمد. مناهج تدريس اللغة العربية بالتعليم الأساسي. القاهرة: دار الفكر العربي، ١٩٩٨.هاندلي، بيل. تعلم لغة جديدة بسرعة وسهولة.Terjemahan oleh. فايقة جرجس حنا. القاهرة: مؤسسة هنداوي للتعليم والثقافة، ٢۰١٧.Al-Bantani, Syekh Nawawi. 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Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest and most debilitating form of stroke with a first year mortality rate as high as 50% to 60%. Role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP1 has been extensively studies in ischemic stroke; however, the precise role of this receptor in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury is unknown. Therefore, in this study we determined the role of the EP1 receptor in collagenase-induced hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: ICH was induced randomly in 2.0-2.5 month old male C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) and EP1 knockout (EP1-/-) mice by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. Functional outcomes including neurologic deficits, rotarod performance, open field activity, and adhesive removal performance were evaluated at 72h post ICH. Hematoma volume, and cell survival and death, were assessed using cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade staining respectively. Microglial activation was estimated using Iba1 immunoreactivity. Phagocytosis was assessed with fluorescently-labeled microspheres injected into the site of the hematoma and at the end of the survival time Iba1 immunoreactivity was used to label cells with microspheres. Values are expressed in (mean±SEM) and the number of cells/field was provided by averaging four different regions surrounding the hematoma. Results: Following 72h post injury, EP1-/- mice showed worsened outcomes compared to the WT mice. The results revealed elevated neurological and sensorimotor deficits and exacerbated hematoma volume. Fluoro-Jade staining showed significantly increased numbers of degenerating neurons and reduced neuronal survival in EP1-/- as compared with the WT mice. The in vivo phagocytic behavior of microglial cells in WT and EP1-/- suggested that the number of microspheres incorporated into Iba1-positive cells was 145.4±15.4% greater in WT than in EP1-/- mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that, the deletion of PGE2 EP1 receptor results in augmented hemorrhagic brain injury partially through reduced phagocytosis.[Supported by NIH R01 funds (SD)]