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Journal articles on the topic 'Iberian Expansionism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Arimura, Rie. "Trascendencia geográfica e institucional de los métodos de evangelización: una reconsideración acerca de las empresas apostólicas del Japón moderno temprano." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 10, no. 1 (2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.352.

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Resumen:El presente ensayo se aproxima a los métodos de evangelización aplicados en la misión católica del Japón moderno temprano. El estudio parte de una reflexión historiográfica sobre la tendencia a asociar la política misional de las órdenes mendicantes con el concepto de tabula rasa mientras que se ha exaltado de modo exclusivo la accommodatio practicada por la Compañía de Jesús. Dentro de la misma revisión, se dilucida cómo los métodos de evangelización trascendieron entre diferentes órdenes religiosas y en distintos contextos geográficos de la primera era moderna. Palabras clave: expans

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Morim, Teófilo, Grant R. Bigg, Pedro M. Madeira, et al. "Invasion genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia." PeerJ 7 (February 8, 2019): e6155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6155.

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Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula, Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then, F. heteroclitus has undergone range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochrome b sequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Thr

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3

Barton, Thomas. "“Empire” Building in Medieval Iberia? Roots, Trajectories, Divergences." Mediterranean Studies 32, no. 1 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.32.1.0010.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to reflect on the connections between early modern Spanish empire building and expansionism by Christian principalities during the medieval period. The core argument, which is, by necessity, reductionist owing to the brevity of this article, is that while late medieval / early modern attitudes about conquest and world domination drew heavily on the history, models, and practices of earlier centuries, the ideology of empire that emerged from the later fifteenth century was distinct in two primary, interrelated respects. First, the increased political fr

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4

Rootsi, Siiri. "Y-Chromosome haplogroup I prehistoric gene flow in Europe." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.3.

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To investigate which aspects of contemporary human Y-chromosome variation in Europe are characteristic of primary colonization, late-glacial expansions from refuge areas, Neolithic dispersals or more recent events in gene flow haplogroup I was analyzed. The analysis of Hg I Y chromosomes revealed several sub-clades with distinct geographic distributions. Sub-clade I1a accounts for most of Hg I in Scandinavia, with a rapidly decreasing frequency towards the East European Plain and the Atlantic fringe; but microsatellite diversity reveals that the Iberian Peninsula/Southern France refugial area

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Cárdenas, A. M., and J. M. Hidalgo. "The pupal morphology of the Carabus (s. l.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the southwestern Iberian peninsula." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 25, no. 1 (2002): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2002.25.0001.

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The pupae of Carabus (s. l.) of the south-west Iberian peninsula are described. The study was carried out with pupae of Macrothorax rugosus (Fabricius, 1792), Hadrocarabus dufouri (Dejean, 1831), H. lusitanicus (Fabricius, 1801) and Rhabdotocarabus melancholicus (Fabricius, 1798) reared in the laboratory from adults caught in the field. By determining and testing various morphological structures, all three genera were identified. These results indicate that the presence or absence of setae on the pronotum, the distribution of hairs on the abdominal tergi and the development of tergal expansion

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Sánchez, Antonio. "Science by regimento: Standardising Long-Distance Control and New Spaces of Knowledge in Early Modern Portuguese Cosmography." Early Science and Medicine 21, no. 2-3 (2016): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02123p03.

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European expansion produced great transformations in the way modern societies were organised as well as in the management of new practices and spaces of knowledge. This article analyses the ways in which the Iberian world responded to such transformations through the creation of a series of control mechanisms that constitute the prehistory of the modern ways of standardising science. This article is thus a contribution to discussions of the normative and institutional development involving long-distance control that took place amongst the expansionist powers of early modern Europe. It examines

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Pereira, Joana B., Marta D. Costa, Daniel Vieira, et al. "Reconciling evidence from ancient and contemporary genomes: a major source for the European Neolithic within Mediterranean Europe." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1851 (2017): 20161976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1976.

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Important gaps remain in our understanding of the spread of farming into Europe, due partly to apparent contradictions between studies of contemporary genetic variation and ancient DNA. It seems clear that farming was introduced into central, northern, and eastern Europe from the south by pioneer colonization. It is often argued that these dispersals originated in the Near East, where the potential source genetic pool resembles that of the early European farmers, but clear ancient DNA evidence from Mediterranean Europe is lacking, and there are suggestions that Mediterranean Europe may have re

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Détaint, Mathieu, Anthony Olivier, Marc Cheylan, et al. "Distribution of mtDNA haplotypes (cyt b) of Emys orbicularis in France and implications for postglacial recolonization." Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 2 (2005): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568538054253393.

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AbstractThe European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis, is a wide ranging species, distributed from Northwest Africa over a large part of Europe and Asia Minor to the Caspian and Aral Seas. For 106 pond turtles from France mtDNA sequence variation has been assessed, using a 1031 bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Three of nine haploclades currently known from the entire species' range were found in France. One clade (II) is represented with four very similar haplotypes, differing by one mutation, and the two other clades (V, VI) are represented with one haplotype each. A syntopic o

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Bilgin, Raşit, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, and Juan Carlos Morales. "Phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia, with a specific focus on whether the Sea of Marmara is a barrier to gene flow." Acta Chiropterologica 11, no. 1 (2009): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520295.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Population differentiation during the ice ages, followed by range expansions has significantly contributed to the geographic distribution patterns of the genetic diversity in Europe. In this regard, the Iberian, Italian, Balkan peninsulas and Anatolia comprise important glacial refugia. In different parts of Anatolia, suture zones, where lineages that diverged in the different glacial refugia met again, were observed for several species. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhin

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Bilgin, Raşit, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, and Juan Carlos Morales. "Phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia, with a specific focus on whether the Sea of Marmara is a barrier to gene flow." Acta Chiropterologica 11, no. 1 (2009): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520295.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Population differentiation during the ice ages, followed by range expansions has significantly contributed to the geographic distribution patterns of the genetic diversity in Europe. In this regard, the Iberian, Italian, Balkan peninsulas and Anatolia comprise important glacial refugia. In different parts of Anatolia, suture zones, where lineages that diverged in the different glacial refugia met again, were observed for several species. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhin

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11

Bilgin, Raşit, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, and Juan Carlos Morales. "Phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia, with a specific focus on whether the Sea of Marmara is a barrier to gene flow." Acta Chiropterologica 11, no. 1 (2009): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520295.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Population differentiation during the ice ages, followed by range expansions has significantly contributed to the geographic distribution patterns of the genetic diversity in Europe. In this regard, the Iberian, Italian, Balkan peninsulas and Anatolia comprise important glacial refugia. In different parts of Anatolia, suture zones, where lineages that diverged in the different glacial refugia met again, were observed for several species. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhin

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12

Bilgin, Raşit, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, and Juan Carlos Morales. "Phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia, with a specific focus on whether the Sea of Marmara is a barrier to gene flow." Acta Chiropterologica 11, no. 1 (2009): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520295.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Population differentiation during the ice ages, followed by range expansions has significantly contributed to the geographic distribution patterns of the genetic diversity in Europe. In this regard, the Iberian, Italian, Balkan peninsulas and Anatolia comprise important glacial refugia. In different parts of Anatolia, suture zones, where lineages that diverged in the different glacial refugia met again, were observed for several species. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhin

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13

Otero, P., M. Ruiz-Villarreal, and Á. Peliz. "River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 9 (2009): 1853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp156.

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Abstract Otero, P., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., and Peliz, Á. 2009. River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1853–1864. River plume fronts off NW Iberia during autumn 2002 are examined based on the gradient of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in three-dimensional model data and on sea surface temperature gradients in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. The method reveals new aspects of the dynamics of fronts in the area. The strong gradient of the MLD between the plume and the adjacent ocean serves as a physica

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14

Stolk, Marijn. "Exploring Immigrant Identities: The Link between Portuguese Ceramics and Sephardic Immigrants in 17th Century Amsterdam." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 3 (December 31, 2018): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v3i0.383.

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During urban expansions around 1600 a new neighborhood, Vlooienburg, was created in the rapidly growing city of Amsterdam. This new district was not just inhabited by local people, but also by immigrants coming from different European countries. Among those immigrants there were Sephardic Jewish people, who had fled from the Iberian Peninsula due to the persecution perpetrated by the Spanish Inquisition. By studying the archaeological finds that have been recovered from cesspits at Vlooienburg, an attempt is made to gain more knowledge about the composition of different cultural, religious and

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15

Asztalos, Marika, Nadine Schultze, Flora Ihlow, et al. "How often do they do it? An in-depth analysis of the hybrid zone of two grass snake species (Natrix astreptophora and Natrix helvetica)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (2020): 756–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa152.

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Abstract We examined the contact zone of two parapatric species of grass snake (Natrix astreptophora and Natrix helvetica) in southern France. To this end, we used comprehensive sampling, analysed mtDNA sequences and microsatellite loci, and built Species Distribution Models for current and past climatic conditions. The contact zone had established by the mid-Holocene during range expansions from glacial refuges in the Iberian Peninsula (N. astreptophora) and southern or western France (N. helvetica). The contact zone represents a narrow bimodal hybrid zone, with steep genetic transition from

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16

Muñoz, Antonio-Román, Darío Delgado, Pablo Ortega, et al. "Bridging Continents: The Expansion and Establishment of the House Bunting (Emberiza sahari) from North Africa to Europe." Birds 6, no. 2 (2025): 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds6020029.

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Range expansions driven by global warming are increasingly documented, particularly in birds and insects. The House Bunting, a species native to North Africa, has recently established the first confirmed breeding population in mainland Europe in Algeciras, southern Spain. This study presents the results of the first systematic survey of this population, conducted in December 2024. Using a standardized survey method across a grid of hexagonal sampling units, we recorded a minimum of 18 individuals, including juveniles, indicating both successful reproduction and possible new arrivals. Observati

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Cordiviola, Alfredo. "Um catálogo americano: a coleção de Ramusio / An American Catalogue: Ramusio’s Collection." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 26, no. 1 (2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.26.1.145-161.

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Resumo: Publicados em Veneza em meados do século XVI, os três volumes de Delle Navigationi et viaggi, compilados, traduzidos ao italiano e anotados por Giovanni Battista Ramusio, reúnem em um único monumento bibliográfico um amplo conjunto de crônicas de viagens e de mapas. Mesmo sem ter participação direta nas empresas expansionistas e colonizadoras promovidas nesse século pelos impérios ibéricos, Veneza manteve uma importante relação com esse sistema-mundo que estava surgindo, propiciando o trabalho de cartógrafos, editores, cosmógrafos, tradutores e tratadistas que divulgaram e consolidaram

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Graciá, Eva, Joaquín Ortego, José Antonio Godoy, et al. "Genetic Signatures of Demographic Changes in an Avian Top Predator during the Last Century: Bottlenecks and Expansions of the Eurasian Eagle Owl in the Iberian Peninsula." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (2015): e0133954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133954.

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19

Robinson, Michael, Nicholas Arnold, and Salvador Carranza. "A preliminary analysis of phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the dangerously venomous Carpet Vipers, Echis (Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 2 (2009): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809788201090.

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AbstractPhylogenetic analysis of 1117 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequences (731 bp of cytochrome b and 386 bp of 16S rRNA) indicate that Echis consists of four main clades: E. ocellatus, and the E. coloratus, E. pyramidum, and E. carinatus groups. In the E. coloratus group, E. coloratus itself shows substantial genetic divergence from E. omanensis, corroborating their separate species status. In the E. pyramidum clade, E. pyramidum from Egypt and E. leucogaster from West Africa are genetically very similar, even though samples are separated by 4000 km. South Arabian populations of the E. pyramidu

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Roldán-Figueroa, Rady. "The Requerimiento and the Theological “Knot” of European Expansionism: Jews, Muslims, and the Arawakan-speaking peoples of the Caribbean in Juan López de Palacios Rubios’s Juridical theory of Dominion (1512)." Critical Research on Religion, June 11, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503032251344343.

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Juan López de Palacios Rubios (1450–1524) was a very influential jurist in the court of Queen Isabella I of Spain (r. 1474-1504). In the Libellus de insulis oceanis (1512), he defended the right of the Spanish crown to wage war and enslave the Amerindians. The argument presented here elucidates that he did not rely on the Aristotelian theory of the natural slave, illustrates how the Dominican protest of December 1511 became embroiled in the “Pleitos Colombinos,” and how López de Palacios Rubios aligned with the arguments of the Dominican friar, Matías de Paz (c.1468–1519). This article sets th

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Escribano, Paez Jose M. "Negotiating with the "Infidel": Imperial Expansion and Cross-Confessional Diplomacy in the Early Modern Maghreb (1492–1516)." August 18, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115316000310.

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This article analyses the influence of confessional divides in the construction of a Mediterranean frontier between the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb at the very beginning of the early modern period. Questioning the influence that religious difference had on the geopolitics of the early modern Mediterranean could seem superfluous since historians have traditionally depicted the Mediterranean world as a space of confrontation between two confessional empires, the Ottoman and the Habsburg. Nevertheless, by focusing on a selection of diplomatic negotiations from the Western Mediterranean it a

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"Biogeography and evolution of the Smooth snake Coronella austriaca (Serpentes: Colubridae) in the Iberian Peninsula: evidence for Messinian refuges and Pleistocenic range expansions." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 1 (2008): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808783431541.

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Abstract The European Smooth snake, Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768, presents a continuous distribution range across central and northern Europe, with isolated fragmented populations in the southern European peninsulas. Up to 814 bp of mitochondrial DNA from 34 specimens were used to determine the phylogeny and biogeography of this species within the Iberian Peninsula. The results indicate that Coronella austriaca presents at least three mtDNA lineages in Iberia that may have originated during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, 5.3-5.9 Ma. Posterior range shifts within the independent clades we

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Ramírez Velázquez, Juan Manuel. "Women Building the Colonial Archive. Legal Authority, Female Knowledge and Affective Mobility in the Sixteenth-Century Iberian Atlantic World." Journal of Early Modern Studies 13 (July 31, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-15266.

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In the sixteenth century, the transition from medieval unity to an expansionist state brought broader legal access and the bureaucratization of the Spanish Empire, leading to a diversified legal engagement among social groups. This backdrop is crucial in understanding how women from various backgrounds utilized the legal system. The article examines a set of letters (1560-1562) written by a Spanish widow to her son in Mexico and three judicial cases (1552, 1561, 1569) filed by transatlantic white women of different socioeconomic statuses, all seeking economic improvement. Through these example

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Miraldo, Andreia, Godfrey M. Hewitt, Octavio S. Paulo, and Brent C. Emerson. "Phylogeography and demographic history of Lacerta lepida in the Iberian Peninsula: multiple refugia, range expansions and secondary contact zones." BMC Evolutionary Biology 11, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-170.

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Ortego, Joaquín, Víctor Noguerales, Vanina Tonzo, María José González-Serna, and Pedro J. Cordero. "Broadly Distributed but Genetically Fragmented: Demographic Consequences of Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations in a Common Iberian Grasshopper." Insect Systematics and Diversity 5, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab009.

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Abstract Although the genetic consequences of contemporary landscape composition and range shifts driven Pleistocene climatic oscillations have been studied fairly well in alpine organisms, we know much less about how these factors have shaped the demography of taxa with broader climatic niches and distributions. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing data to study the processes underlying spatial patterns of genomic variation in Omocestus panteli (Bolívar, 1887) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a common Iberian grasshopper distributed across numerous habitat types and a wide elevational range (from

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Bozkurt, Meryem, Juan Antonio Calleja Alarcón, Tuna Uysal, Nuria Garcia-Jacas, Kuddisi Ertuğrul, and Alfonso Susanna. "Biogeography of Rhaponticoides, an Irano-Turanian element in the Mediterranean flora." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24947-3.

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AbstractFloristic relationships between the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean regions have been known from old. However, only a few biogeographical analyses based on molecular data have evaluated the history of steppe plants within the Mediterranean basin. Our study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the migratory and diversification processes by reconstructing the biogeography of Rhaponticoides (Cardueae), distributed in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions. We generated nuclear and plastid sequences that were analyzed by Bayesian inference. We used the resulting phylogeny

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Sainz-Escudero, Lucía, E. Karen López-Estrada, Paula C. Rodríguez-Flores, and Mario García-París. "Brine shrimps adrift: historical species turnover in Western Mediterranean Artemia (Anostraca)." Biological Invasions, April 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02779-6.

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AbstractBrine shrimps (Artemia) have undergone geographic range and demographic expansions as a result of their interaction with humans since the beginning of salt harvesting. This interaction has favoured the expansion of some species but compromising the survival of others. Mediterranean native populations of Artemia salina from coastal salterns and lagoons are facing the presence and expansion of the introduced and invasive American species Artemia monica (= A. franciscana). However, this species could not be the only threat. Parthenogenetic populations of the Asian species A. urmiana and A

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Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Jorge, A. Márcia Barbosa, and Íñigo Martínez‐Solano. "Present and past climatic effects on the current distribution and genetic diversity of the Iberian spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes): an integrative approach." August 21, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12791.

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AbstractAimPredicting species responses to global change is one of the most pressing issues in conservation biogeography. A key part of the problem is understanding how organisms have reacted to climatic changes in the past. Here, we use species distribution modelling to infer the effects of climate changes since the Last Interglacial (LIG, c. 130,000 yr bp) on patterns of genetic structure and diversity in the western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes) in combination with spatially explicit phylogeographical analyses.LocationIberian Peninsula and mainland France.MethodsFive hundred and twen

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Bogdanowicz, Wiesław, Aleksandra G. Bilska, Oddmund Kleven, et al. "Species on the move: a genetic story of three golden jackals at the expansion front." Mammalian Biology, September 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-024-00452-0.

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AbstractOne of the most fascinating mammalian range expansions in Europe involves an opportunistic mesocarnivore―the golden jackal (Canis aureus). However, key questions about the origins and dispersal strategies of pioneering individuals, likely the first to establish new populations, remain unanswered. We analyzed genetic data from three golden jackals found at the forefront of the expansion, reaching the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and Fennoscandia (Finland and Norway, beyond the Arctic Circle). We genotyped two tissue samples and one fecal sample using 15 microsatellites and compared results

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Osuna-Mascaró, Carolina, Rafael Rubio de Casas, José M. Gómez, et al. "Hybridization and introgression are prevalent in Southern European Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species." Annals of Botany, April 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac048.

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Abstract Background and Aims Hybridization is a common and important force in plant evolution. One of its outcomes is introgression - the transfer of small genomic regions from one taxon to another by hybridization and repeated backcrossing. This process is believed to be common in glacial refugia, where range expansions and contractions can lead to cycles of sympatry and isolation, creating conditions for extensive hybridization and introgression. Polyploidization is another genome-wide process with a major influence on plant evolution. Both hybridization and polyploidization can have complex

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Charlton, Sophy, Selina Brace, Mateja Hajdinjak, et al. "Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain." Nature Ecology & Evolution, October 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01883-z.

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AbstractGenetic investigations of Upper Palaeolithic Europe have revealed a complex and transformative history of human population movements and ancestries, with evidence of several instances of genetic change across the European continent in the period following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Concurrent with these genetic shifts, the post-LGM period is characterized by a series of significant climatic changes, population expansions and cultural diversification. Britain lies at the extreme northwest corner of post-LGM expansion and its earliest Late Glacial human occupation remains unclear. H

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"Vegetational evidence for late Quaternary climatic changes in southwest Europe in relation to the influence of the North Atlantic Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 318, no. 1191 (1988): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0019.

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During the period 20-8 ka BP, movements of the polar front in the North Atlantic Ocean between the latitudes of Iceland and the Iberian peninsula greatly affected the climate of western Europe. During the Lateglacial, sea-surface temperature changes were particularly marked in the Bay of Biscay. Such migrations of the polar front, which have been shown to be time-transgressive, have been used to explain Lateglacial climatic events in northwestern Europe. A comparative study of Lateglacial and early Holocene records from lacustrine sites in northern and northwestern Spain and the Pyrenees confi

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