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Journal articles on the topic 'Ibid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Malcolm, Norman. "Subjectivity." Philosophy 63, no. 244 (April 1988): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100043333.

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In his book The View from Nowhere, Thomas Nagel says that ‘the subjectivity of consciousness is an irreducible feature of reality’ (op. cit., p. 7). He speaks of ‘the essential subjectivity of the mental’ (ibid., p. 17), and of ‘the mind's irreducibly subjective character’ (ibid., p. 28). ‘Mental concepts’, he says, refer to ‘subjective points of view and their modifications’ (ibid., p. 37):The subjective features of conscious mental processes—as opposed to their physical causes and effects—cannot be captured by the purified form of thought suitable for dealing with the physical world that underlines the appearances. Not only raw feels but also intentional mental states—however objective their content—must be capable of manifesting themselves in subjective form to be in the mind at all (ibid., pp. 15–16).

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2

Hirsch, Abraham, and Neil de Marchi. "Making a Case When Theory is Unfalsifiable." Economics and Philosophy 2, no. 1 (April 1986): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100000778.

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Milton Friedman's famous methodological essay contains, along with much else, some strands that look as though they were taken from the “empirical-scientific” fabric described by Karl Popper (Popper, 1959, pp. 32, 37; see also Klant, 1984, pp. 33ff. for a very clear discussion). Think, for example, of Friedman's conviction that the way to test a (theoretically embedded) hypothesis is to compare its implications with experience (Friedman, 1953a in 1953b, pp. 9, 13, 14). Or of his more or less explicit espousal of the view that while no amount of facts can ever prove a hypothesis true, a single “fact” may refute it (ibid., p. 9). Or of his assertion that hypotheses are to be accepted only as provisionally true (ibid., p. 41), and then only after repeated efforts to refute them have failed (ibid., pp. 9, 22–23). The appearance of these Popperian ideas is not surprising.

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3

Gaulin, André. "Lepage, Lawrence. Le Temps. [Sainte-Mélanie, Qc], La Prûche [sic] libre productions, 2012, DC Mélisande. Les Métamorphoses. Ibid., 2014, DC La Cantinière. La Différence. Ibid., 2013, DC Barbo. Résistance. Ibid., 2013, DC Yves Lambert Trio. Trio. Ibid., 2012, DC." Rabaska: Revue d'ethnologie de l'Amérique française 14 (2016): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037489ar.

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4

SAGLAM, NAIM, ULRICH KUTSCHERA, RALPH SAUNDERS, WILLIAM M. SAIDEL, KATHERINE L. W. BALOMBINI, and DANIEL H. SHAIN. "Correct spelling of a recently described species of Helobdella (Annelida: Clitellata: Hirudinea)." Zootaxa 4571, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.2.8.

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In a recently published article (Saglam et al. 2018) the name of a new species of Hirudinea (Annelida, Clitellata) was simultaneously published in three different ways, as Helobdella serendipitious (Saglam et al. 2018: 61, 70, 71, 73), Helobdella serendipitous (ibid.: 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74), and as Helobdella serendipidous (ibid.: 75). Acting as first reviser according to Article 24 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) here we determine serendipitous as the correct spelling of the species epitheton.

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5

Favoretto, Samantha M., Elaine C. Landy, Washington Luiz A. Pereira, Paulo Henrique G. Castro, Aline A. Imbeloni, José Augusto P. C. Muniz, Mariana A. S. Santos, and Antonio C. C. Lacreta Junior. "Pelvimetry in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri scireus Linnaeus, 1758)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 4 (April 2018): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5014.

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ABSTRACT: Saimiri sciureus is a neotropical primate widely used in research. However, there are still difficulties regarding their reproduction in vivaria due to the high incidence of dystocia. Dystocia in primates can be caused by cephalopelvic disproportion and in Squirrel Monkeys, pregnancy of large fetuses were reported. This paper describes pelvimetry data of adult females and subadults in specimens of Squirrel Monkeys, from a research colony of Para, Brazil. Pelvic radiographs were obtained in ventrodorsal projections and the following measurements were taken: superior bi-iliac diameter (SBID); inferior bi-iliac diameter (IBID); bi-iliac average diameter (BIAD); right diagonal diameter (RDD); left diagonal diameter (LDD); sacro-pubic diameter (SPD); Based on the obtained diameters, the entrance area of the pelvis (EAP) was also calculated. The average values of the pelvic diameters and EAP in adult females were SBID 1.714cm, BIAD 1.957cm, IBID 1.686cm, RDD 2.771cm, LDD 2.764cm, SPD 2.543cm and EAP 3.9056cm2; and subadult females: 1.588cm SBID, 1.850cm BIAD, 1.625cm IBID, 2.50cm RDD, LDD 2.474cm, 1.95cm SPD and 2.8293 cm2 EAP. Saimiri sciureus pelvis is characterized as dolichopelvic. There was statistical significance between the values for adult females and subadults to SBID, BIAD, RDD, LDD, SPD and EAP. The values of SBID and IBID were lower when compared to the published data for the same species. The result found on this paper will serve as a basis for future studies using pelvic measurements and dystocia prediction of neotropical primates and comparison between different vivaria.

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6

G., V. "Salvarsan for anthrax." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 5 (August 11, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76596.

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7

Gransden, Antonia. "The Alleged Incorruption of the Body of St Edmund, King and Martyr." Antiquaries Journal 74 (March 1994): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500024410.

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Bede, writing about St Cuthbert, quotes Psalm 16:10 ‘neither wilt Thou [i.e. God] suffer thine Holy One to see corruption’ (Jaager 1935, 121 line 821; Rollason 1989, 38). It was believed in the medieval west that incorruption of the body after death was a sign of especial sanctity. Ælfric remarked that England was rich in the incorrupt bodies of saints (Skeat 1900, 333 lines 250–63). Bede dwells on the incorruption of St Æthelthryth of Ely (Plummer 1896, i, 245–6, Book iv ch. 1), besides that of St Cuthbert (ibid., 1, 276–7 Book iv ch. 30), and also mentions the incorruption of St Æthelthryth's sister, Æthelberga (ibid., i, 144 Book iii ch. 9), and of St Fursey (ibid., 1, 168 Book iii ch. 19). Felix alleges that the body of St Guthlac of Crowland (died AD 715) was incorrupt (Colgrave 1956, 160–2 ch. 51; see below), and Abbo of Fleury claimed the same distinction for St Edmund, king of East Anglia (AD 841–69; Winterbottom 1972, 82 ch. 14 lines 1–11, 85 ch. 15 lines 58–61).

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8

Gerring, John. "Culture versus Economics: An American Dilemma." Social Science History 23, no. 2 (1999): 129–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018046.

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“There are billions of potential conflicts in any modern society, but only a few become significant,” E. E. Schattschneider (1960: 66) pointed out many years ago. Accordingly, the most important political struggles are not issue conflicts butissue-cleavageconflicts, “arguments about what the argument is about” (ibid.: 70–71). The definition of alternatives, from a Schattschneiderian perspective, is the primal act of politics. If the sine qua non of a political party is the selection of leaders, then the quintessential act of a political system is the selection and framing of issues, which is to say, “the domination and subordination of conflicts” (ibid.: 66).

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9

Mithen, S. J. "‘A Cybernetic Wasteland’? Rationality, Emotion and Mesolithic Foraging." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 2 (1991): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004461.

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In a recent discussion of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, Julian Thomas decribed the Mesolithic as a ‘cybernetic wasteland’ (1988, 64). By this he was presumably referring to the picture we gain of Mesolithic society when ‘human behaviour [is seen] in terms of adaptive responses to environmental pressures’ (ibid., 59), which Thomas states as the basis of Mesolithic research. Is he justified in the use of this damning phrase? When archaeologists see human behaviour in an ecological framework do they deny people their humanity by turning them into robots, helpless ‘victims of externally-imposed circumstances’ (ibid., 61).

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10

FULLER, C. J., and HARIPRIYA NARASIMHAN. "Information Technology Professionals and the New-Rich Middle Class in Chennai (Madras)." Modern Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 11, 2006): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x05002325.

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Since 1991, when the policy of economic liberalisation began in earnest, the size and prosperity of India's middle class have grown considerably. Yet sound sociological and ethnographic information about its social structure and cultural values is still sparse, and as André Béteille (2003a: 75) comments: ‘Everything or nearly everything that is written about the Indian middle class is written by middle-class Indians…[who] tend to oscillate between self-recrimination and self-congratulation’ (cf. Béteille 2003b: 185). The former is exemplified by Pavan Varma's The Great Indian Middle Class (1998), which excoriates this class for its selfish materialism and the ‘retreat from idealism’ that was manifest in the smaller, ‘traditional middle class’ of the earlier, post-independence period (ibid.: 89). A good example of the opposite tendency is Gurcharan Das's India Unbound (2002), which celebrates ‘the rise of a confident new middle class’ (ibid.: 280). Das's diagnosis of what has changed is actually very similar to Varma's, but he insists that the new middle class is no ‘greedier’ than the old one, and the ‘chief difference is that there is less hypocrisy and more self-confidence’ (ibid.: 290).

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11

Othman, Muhaini, Siti Najiha Shamsudin, Mohd Hafizul Afifi Abdullah, Munirah Mohd Yusof, and Rozlini Mohamed. "iBid: A Competitive Bidding Environment for Multiscale Tailor." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 1, no. 4-2 (November 16, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.1.4-2.81.

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Nowadays, various online auction web services are available, allowing people to bid on items to be purchased at a competitive price. The same approach is applicable to allow people to bid on projects on Freelancer website. Here, we present an environment for customers to publish a project online, whereby marketers are able to bid on projects, called the iBid system. The iBid system demonstrates an application of bidding system which is capable of assisting customers find local tailors according to three criteria namely location, type of sewing and cost. Reversed auction mechanism is used where the customer will control the business. The prototyping methodology approach has been used to develop the system running on a PHP server and a MySQL database.

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12

Fox, John W. "Irish Immigrants, Pauperism, and Insanity in 1854 Massachusetts." Social Science History 15, no. 3 (1991): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021155.

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Edward Jarvis’s (1971 [1855]) study of insanity in 1854 Massachusetts still receives attention as an exemplary study of mental disorder. It is cited as the first American study of the “true” prevalence of mental illness in a general population (Dohrenwend 1975), the first American study to show that social standing (pauperism) was related to mental illness (ibid.), and the first American study to show that a substantial number of ill people were not receiving “professional” help (ibid.; Fox 1984). Likewise, Jarvis’s focus on social causation—social factors cause mental disorder, versus social selection, according to which mental disorder impairs social functioning and achievement—identified an important issue that still receives attention in the mental health literature (Dohrenwend 1975; Fox 1990; Turner and Wagenfeld 1967; Wheaton 1978).

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13

Batouli, Seyed Amir Hossein, Minoo Sisakhti, Shirin Haghshenas, Hamed Dehghani, Perminder Sachdev, Hamed Ekhtiari, Nicole Kochan, et al. "Iranian Brain Imaging Database: A Neuropsychiatric Database of Healthy Brain." Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.12.1.1774.2.

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Introduction: The Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) was initiated in 2017, with 5 major goals: provide researchers easy access to a neuroimaging database, provide normative quantitative measures of the brain for clinical research purposes, study the aging profile of the brain, examine the association of brain structure and function, and join the ENIGMA consortium. Many prestigious databases with similar goals are available. However, they were not done on an Iranian population, and the battery of their tests (e.g. cognitive tests) is selected based on their specific questions and needs. Methods: The IBID will include 300 participants (50% female) in the age range of 20 to 70 years old, with an equal number of participants (#60) in each age decade. It comprises a battery of cognitive, lifestyle, medical, and mental health tests, in addition to several Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocols. Each participant completes the assessments on two referral days. Results: The study currently has a cross-sectional design, but longitudinal assessments are considered for the future phases of the study. Here, details of the methodology and the initial results of assessing the first 152 participants of the study are provided. Conclusion: IBID is established to enable research into human brain function, to aid clinicians in disease diagnosis research, and also to unite the Iranian researchers with interests in the brain.

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14

Powell, J. G. F. "Two Notes on Catullus." Classical Quarterly 40, no. 1 (May 1990): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800026896.

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The beginning of the seventy-sixth poem of Catullus appears to cause some modern readers considerable dismay. One may instance the reactions of R. O. A. M. Lyne: ‘Our first reaction to the beginning of this poem may be one of incredulity’ (The Latin Love Poets [Oxford, 1980], p. 31); ‘The effect of such language is to imply an outrageous and implausible self-righteousness’ (ibid. 32); of K. Quinn: ‘a self-righteousness that makes us feel a little uncomfortable’ (The Catullan Revolution [Melbourne, 1959], p. 77); or of G. Williams: ‘this is sheer melodrama, a deft and surprising reversal of “count your blessings”’(Tradition and Originality in Roman Poetry [Oxford, 1968], p. 410); and, further down, on ‘si vitam puriter egi’: ‘This could be simply priggish or outrageous or both, but he does not mean it as a general statement’ (ibid.)

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15

Mahadevan, Iravatham. "Persian-Tamil inscription from āmbūr Fort." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116544.

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I read with interest the brief report on the Persian–Tamil inscription on a stone tablet recording the reconstruction of the Āmbūr Fort in Tamilnadu, and now preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum (BSOAS, XLIX, 3, 1986, 553–7). As a Tamil epigraphist, I was particularly interested in the Tamil text edited by J. R. Marr (ibid., 553, n. 3). Unfortunately, he has misread two words (each occurring twice), made wrong segmentations of two other words and omitted the last word in the text. These happen to be crucial words and consequently his translation has suffered. The Tamil characters of the epigraph are almost modern and they can be made out quite clearly from the excellent reproduction (ibid., pi. I). Without more ado, I proceed to furnish a revised transliteration and translation of the Tamil record with brief notes on some of the interesting expressions occurring in it.

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16

Ng, A., L. Germinario, A. Borisevich, S. Pennycook, S. Rosenthal, and D. Leonard. "MEMS-Based Electrical Testing of IBID Carbon and Tungsten Wires." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611003059.

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17

Papagiannopoulou, A. "Were the S.E. Aegean Islands deserted in the MBA?" Anatolian Studies 35 (December 1985): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642873.

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Many interesting aspects appear in the article by J. Davis about “the earliest Minoans in the S.E. Aegean” (AnSt. XXXII, (1982), 33–41). There are two aspects in his work, the archaeological and the historical, both quite important for the research in this area.I would like to comment first on the archaeological evidence.Davis gives a review of the Light-on-Dark (henceforth L-on-D) fabric of E. Aegean sites (Trianda, Miletus, Serraglio, Iasos), and points out that the stratigraphic evidence suggests that “pots of this kind were in use during the early phases of the LBA.” (ibid. 36). He goes on to examine the settlement pattern of the S.E. Aegean islands (Samos, Rhodes, Karpathos, Kasos) and concludes that because “there is a paucity of evidence for MBA (or even EBA) settlements of any sort, in contact with Crete or not—on these same islands … there is a possibility that the islands were nearly uninhabited in the MBA.” (ibid. 39).

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18

Martin Soskice, Janet. "Love and Attention." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 32 (March 1992): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100005658.

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The matched pair ‘love’ and ‘attention’ is familiar to most of us from the essays in Iris Murdoch's The Sovereignty of Good.Although she tells us in that book that there is, in her view, no God in the traditional sense of that term, she provides accounts of art, prayer and morality that are religious. ‘Morality’, she tells us, ‘has always been connected with religion and religion with mysticism’ (Murdoch, 1970, p. 74). The connection here is love and attention: ‘Virtue is au fondthe same in the artist as in the good man in that it is a selfless attention to nature’ (ibid, p. 41). Art and morals are two aspects of the same struggle; both involve attending, a task of attention which goes on all the time, efforts of imagination which are important cumulatively (p. 43). ‘Prayer’, she says, ‘is properly not petition, but simply an attention to God which is a form of love’ (ibid. p. 55).

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Laslett, Barbara. "Gender in/and Social Science History." Social Science History 16, no. 2 (1992): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001645x.

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In his presidential address to the American Statistical Association in 1931, William Fielding Ogburn, an American sociologist important particularly in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, took as his theme the difference between statistics and art. His argument, articulated here and in a wide range of writings throughout his career, was that “statistics has been developed to give an exact picture of reality, while the picture that the artist draws is a distortion of reality” (Ogburn 1932: 1). He then went on to express his belief that emotion leads to distortion in our observations. “It is this distorting influence of emotion and wishes,” he said, “that is more responsible for bad thinking than any lack of logic” (ibid.: 4). But statistics, he believed, could ameliorate the distorting effects of emotion on our empirical observations. There was a problem, however, because “the artist in us wants understanding rather than statistics. But understanding is hardly knowledge. . . . The tests of knowledge are reliability and accuracy, not understanding” (ibid.: 5).

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20

Weinberg, M. "Effects of saccharin on the body. Haramaki (Zeit. f. physikc. and diätet. Therapie, 1922, No. 5), Mieder (ibid., No. 6), van Eweyk (ibid. No. 7)." Kazan medical journal 19, no. 1 (August 22, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj78668.

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Saccharin, discovered in 1884 by Fahlberg, has found itself, especially in recent times, widely used in folk nutrition, why it is quite natural that the effect of this agent on the human and animal body has become the subject of numerous works.

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21

Leathers, Charles G. "Veblen and Hayek on Instincts and Evolution." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 12, no. 2 (1990): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200001711.

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In his 1898 article Why is Economics Not An Evolutionary Science ,Thorstein Veblen criticized the Austrian School (as represented by Carl Menger) for being unable to break with the classical tradition that economics is a taxonomic science(Veblen 1898, p. 73). The Austrian failure was attributed to a "faulty conception of human nature (ibid.).

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22

Holleran, Philip M. "Family Income and Child Labor in Carolina Cotton Mills." Social Science History 21, no. 3 (1997): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017764.

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One-fourth of all workers in southern cotton mills in 1899 were under 16 years of age. Why did so many children work in cotton mills and other factories during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Many millworkers believed that “if the employers would give their hands better wages, . . . the help could then support themselves better and be able to school their children” (North Carolina Bureau of Labor Statistics 1892:172). As it was, “at the present rate of wages paid, large families are compelled to put all their children in the mills in order to support the family” (ibid.: 287). Child labor would be reduced or eliminated if parents could “demand wages sufficient to keep [their children in school] and take care of the family without the help of the little ones” (ibid.: 351). Turn-of-the-century labor reformers agreed that low wages forced many families to send their children to work. Alexander McKelway (1913), for example, southern secretary of the National Child Labor Committee, called low cotton mill wages “our modern feudalism,” while Edith Abbott (1908: 36) suggested that child labor was the result of an “insufficiency of the man’s wages.”

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23

Stroganov, A. "Winternitz. - Haematocolpos after ulcerative adhesive inflammation of the vagina. - (Ibid., No. 13)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 7-8 (October 22, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd97-8682.

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24

Davis, Mitchell. "New Books from Old, Reprise - Project Ibid & the Power of Ideas." Collaborative Librarianship 1, no. 3 (2009): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2009.1.3.07.

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25

Cheater, Angela. "The ideology of ‘communal’ land tenure in Zimbabwe: Mythogenesis enacted?" Africa 60, no. 2 (April 1990): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160332.

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Opening ParagraphLand is widely regarded as central to the politics of both colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe. Land was, ostensibly, the core issue over which the liberation struggle was waged. On the successful redistribution of land, in Shamuyarira's (1984: 8) view, will depend ‘the future reputation and credibility of the new socio-economic and political order among the Zimbabwean masses’. Land, then, is ‘vital’ (ibid.) to both leaders and led in Zimbabwe.

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Bowie, Katherine. "Women's Suffrage in Thailand: A Southeast Asian Historiographical Challenge." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 4 (October 2010): 708–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000435.

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Although much of the history of women's suffrage has focused on the American and British struggles of the early twentieth century, a newer generation of interdisciplinary scholars is exploring its global trajectory. Fundamental to these cross-cultural comparisons is the establishment of an international timeline of women's suffrage; its order at once shapes and is shaped by its historiography. According to the currently dominant chronology, “Female suffrage began with the 1893 legislation in New Zealand” (Ramirez, Soysal, and Shanahan 1997: 738; see also Grimshaw 1987 [1972]: xiv). In this timeline, “Australia was next to act, in 1902” (ibid.). Despite the geographical location of New Zealand and Australia in greater Southeast Asia, the narrative that accompanies this timeline portrays “first world” women as leading the struggle for suffrage and “third world” women as following their example.1As Ramirez, Soysal, and Shanahan write, “A smaller early wave of suffrage extensions between 1900 and 1930 occurred mostly in European states. A second, more dramatic wave occurred after 1930” (ibid.). Similarly, Patricia Grimshaw writes, “It was principally in the English-speaking world, in the United States, in Britain and its colonial dependencies, and in the Scandinavian countries that sustained activity for women's political enfranchisement occurred. Other countries eventually followed suit” (1987: xiv).

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Becker, Claudia A. "LIFTING PRACTICE: TEACHERS AS RESEARCHERS IN THE LANGUAGE CLASSROOM. Louise M. Jansen & Anthony J. Liddicoat (Eds.). Canberra: Language Australia, 1998. Pp. 110. A$19.80 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23, no. 3 (September 2001): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263101213060.

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Jansen and Liddicoat's volume on teachers as researchers in the FL/SL classroom is an invaluable contribution to the complex and complicated issue of assessing formal language learning environments (i.e., classrooms). The purpose is to provide “an overview of the philosophy which underlies the inclusion of research as a central part of an in-service professional development program” (p. 1) as well as to “give examples of the scope and potential for research conducted by teachers” (ibid.).

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Carciotto, Sergio, and Filippo Ferraro. "Building Blocks and Challenges for the Implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees in Africa." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 1 (March 2020): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420908247.

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Executive Summary Forced displacement continues to be a major challenge to human security across the globe. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the global population of forcibly displaced people increased by 2.3 million people in 2018, and by the end of the year, more than 70 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide (UNHCR 2019a). UNHCR also estimated that, in 2018, 13.6 million people were newly displaced as a result of conflicts and droughts (ibid.).

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29

Adams, Jane. "1870s Agrarian Activism in Southern Illinois: Mediator between Two Eras." Social Science History 16, no. 3 (1992): 365–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016540.

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During the latter part of the nineteenth century, farmers in extreme southern Illinois, along with farmers throughout the state and region, organized politically and economically. The first big upsurge of organization was in 1873 with the organization of farmers’ clubs and granges of the Patrons of Husbandry. In Union County, Illinois, all sectors of the local society appear to have been swept up in the tide of discontent, although a close analysis of those active in the movement and the associations that succeeded it indicates that the movement gave voice and organized expression to a specific class. To use McNall’s (1988) analysis of the later populist movement, the agrarian movement of the mid-1870s was an incipient “class movement,” although it failed to articulate a program that effectively welded farmers into a unit that could contend for political power, even as it provided a vehicle for elite farmers to transform preexisting economic relationships. “A class movement,” McNall (ibid.: 5) writes, “is one in which the participants are involved in a struggle over the very definition of their political, economic, and ideological interests. All class movements have at their core an economic dimension and, like class relationships, are about relationships of power.” The organizations formed in the populist era, he argues, were attempts by farmers to create a “class in and for itself” (ibid.: 12).

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30

He, G. P., and Z. D. Wang. "Single qubit quantum secret sharing with improved security." Quantum Information and Computation 10, no. 1&2 (January 2010): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic10.1-2-3.

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Analyzing carefully an experimentally feasible non-entangled single qubit quantum secret sharing protocol and its modified version [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 230505 (2005); \textit{ibid}. 98, 028902 (2007)], it is found that both versions are insecure against coherent attacks though the original idea is so remarkable. To overcome this fatal flaw, here we propose a protocol with a distinct security checking strategy, which still involves single qubit operations only, making it possible to achieve better security of quantum secret sharing with current technology.

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Wood, Gordon, Robert Churchill, Edward Cook, James Lindgren, Wilbur Miller, Eric Monkkonen, and Randolph Roth. "Counting Guns." Social Science History 26, no. 4 (2002): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012438.

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At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science historians might contribute nowand in the future to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz (1995), for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in theUnited States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in selfdefense–a preposterous number (Cook and Ludwig 1996: 57–58; Cook and Moore 1999: 280–81). Lott (2000) claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the years between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year (ibid.: 44–45). He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models finds a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment (ibid.: 52–53)–implausible relationships that suggest the presence of multicollinearity, measurement error, or misspecification. Lott then misrepresents his results by claiming falsely that statistical methods can distinguish in a quasi-experimental way the impact of gun laws from the impact of other social, economic, and cultural forces (ibid.: 26, 34–35; Guterl 1996). Had Lott extended his study to the 1930s, the correlation between gun laws and declining homicide rates that dominates his statistical analysis would have disappeared. An unbiased study would include some consideration of alternative explanations and an acknowledgment of the explanatory limits of statistical methods.

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Khan, Aasim. "From Autonomy to Anonymity: Information Technology Policy and Changing Politics of the Media System in Indian Democracy." Culture Unbound 10, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.2018103405.

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The prominence of information and communications technology (ICTs) in defining India’s media modernity can be gauged by the growing reach of online social media as well as continuing expansion of digital media channels and satellite broadcasting even in the early 21stCentury. Policies concerning information technologies, from telegraph to satellite networks, have also been central to media politics and with the rise of new media, internet related policies have similarly become pivotal to the interaction between the state and media system. Drawing from a comparative media system perspective, this paper argues that while there has been no major constitutional or legal overhaul, as yet, new ideas and information technology policy activism are reshaping the contours of state action and ‘autonomy’ of the press in India’s democracy. Comparing technology debates in an earlier era, when satellite networks swept across the media system, with the more recent deliberations around liabilities for digital intermediaries, the paper unpacks the nature of change and locates its origins in the revival of discursive institutions (Schmidt 2002, 2008) of technology policy since the early 2000s. Technology related ideas, I argue, now serve as institutions, able to function as a ‘coordinating discourse’ (ibid) that have revived ideals of an autonomous media. Technology inflected ideals of ‘anonymity’ also counter the ‘communicative discourse’ (ibid) of Hindutva and cultural nationalist politics of media which framed the issue of autonomy in the ascendant phase of print and electronic media capitalism until the 1990s.

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Klaeger, Gabriel. "INTRODUCTION: THE PERILS AND POSSIBILITIES OF AFRICAN ROADS." Africa 83, no. 3 (August 2013): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000211.

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Roads and automobility on the African continent are commonly encountered with a rather ambivalent stance, both by Africans and Africanist scholars. This ambivalence emerges from what Adeline Masquelier describes as the ‘profoundly contradictory nature of roads as objects of both fascination and terror’ (2002: 381). In her widely received article on ‘road mythographies’ surrounding Niger's Route 1, Masquelier draws a vivid picture of the ‘contradictory aspects of the road as a space of both fear and desire’ (ibid.: 831). She highlights, in particular, how roadside residents perceive automotive travel as ‘a process fraught with risky and contradictory possibilities’ (ibid.: 832). A ‘pioneering study in the ethnography of roads’ (Campbell 2012: 498), Masquelier's account of people's profound ambivalence towards roads, mobility and transport in post-colonial Niger has been a source of inspiration for a range of scholars who have explored in a similar vein the intricate entanglement of people with (auto)mobility, space and modernity, both in Africa and elsewhere (see, for example, Khan 2006; Klaeger 2009; Dalakoglou 2010; Hart 2011). Five articles in this volume press ahead with the analytic theme of the ambivalence of roads. Through their historic analyses and ethnographic observations, the assembled case studies from Senegal, Ghana, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania give a strong sense of how the perils and possibilities of roads, roadsides, traffic and transport have been and continue to be embraced in the everyday lives of colonial and post-colonial subjects.

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Griffiths, James. "Revisiting rebinding: an alternative to MaxElide." Nordlyd 43, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.4193.

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Using Takahashi & Fox (2005) as an exemplar, this paper argues that analyses of English ellipsis that make recourse to a MaxElide constraint (or a theoretical reduction thereof) are misguided, and that one must look past MaxElide to explain the distribution of acceptability in the elliptical rebinding constructions that MaxElide was originally invoked to explain. A novel analysis is outlined which attributes the unacceptability observed in the rebinding dataset to an inability to satisfy a more restrictive, reflexive version of Takahashi & Fox's (ibid.) Parallelism condition on ellipsis recoverability.

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Silva, Carlos. "“Chamem a pulúicia!” harmonização vocálica progressiva no português da Madeira." Revista Linguíʃtica 14, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n2a15725.

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Entre os principais fonólogos do português (por exemplo, Mateus e Andrade 2000), a Harmonização Vocálica Regressiva (HVR) tem sido assumida como o único tipo de assimilação vocálica no português europeu (PE). De facto, a Harmonização Vocálica Progressiva (HVP) é concebida como, se não impossível, pelo menos altamente excepcional, quase idiossincraticamente exclusiva de entradas lexicais específicas (ibid.). No entanto, em alguns dialetos do PE, a HVP revela-se muito frequente e produtiva. Este é o caso de alguns dialetos falados na ilha da Madeira (Segura da Cruz & Saramago 1999).

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S., V. "Decapsulation of the kidneys with anuria due to mercuric chloride poisoning." Kazan medical journal 22, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj52924.

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A. A. Chugaev (Tr. I Congress of Khir. Levob. Ukraine, 1925), on the basis of clinical observations, considers renal decapsulation quite indicated in those cases of mercuric chloride poisoning, where anuria has developed. Of the 5 such cases observed by the author, in 2 only this operation helped to save patients. At the same time, decapsulation sometimes gives an effect when it is applied unilaterally. In favor of the beneficial effect of this operation with sublimate nephrosis, the results of experimental studies by M.L. Meerson (ibid.) Also speak.

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Bernstein, Jared. "9. Recorded illustrations of the IPA." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 18, no. 2 (December 1988): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300003716.

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The idea of preparing an updated or revised recording that illustrates the symbols or categories of the IPA was first proposed by Ladefoged and Roach (1986). These authors noted (ibid.: 28) that ‘Thanks to John Wells and Susan Ramsaran we already have a cassette recording illustrating the symbols in the current chart.’ Of the many phoneticians who responded to the announcement of the meeting in Kiel, about 25 expressed interest in planning recorded illustrations of the revised alphabet. Acting as coordinator for this activity, I sent out a tentative plan for the illustrations as a starting point for discussion.

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Gropper, Rena. "Running Workshops for Health Professionals." Practicing Anthropology 19, no. 4 (September 1, 1997): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.19.4.4441827u26627177.

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Originally called a "culture assimila tor," the Intercultural Sensitizer workshop approach has been used as a training device at least since 1962 (see "Chapter One," Culture and the Clinical Encounter: An Intercultural Sensitizer for the Health Professions by R. C. Gropper, Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, Inc., 1996). In brief, a short vignette describing a problematic event is sketched by the facilitator, after which the audience is invited to furnish probable explanations for what has happened. If this critical incident is outlined verbally to a group, its members may be asked to discuss clarifications among themselves. The following is one such example (Ibid.: 90):

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Chawari, Muhammad. "Masjid Agung Kotagede: Kajian Awal Terhadap Inskripsi Yang Ada." Berkala Arkeologi 14, no. 2 (May 30, 1994): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v14i2.638.

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Kotagede merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kotamadya Yogyakarta, yang terletak di sebelah tenggara kota. Dahulu Kotagede merupakan ibukota pertama kerajaan Mataram Islam. Tempat inii merupakan daerah yang diberikan oleh Sultan Pajang (Hadiwijaya) kepada Ki Ageng Pemanahan sebagai hadiah (Brandes, 1894:415) atas kemenangannya terhadap Aria Penangsang dari Jipang. Oleh karena itu dapat dikatakan bahwa kerajaan Mataram ini dirintis oleh Ki Ageng Pemanahan, kemudian secara resmi didirikan oleh Panembahan Senopati yang menempati istananya di Kotagede. Daerah ini menjadi pusat pemerintahan pada masa Panembahan Senopati dan sebagian masa Sultan Agung. Pada masa Sultan Agung kraton dipindahkan ke Kerto (Ibid).

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Schönbaumsfeld, Genia. "Kierkegaard contra Hegel on the ‘Absolute Paradox’." Hegel Bulletin 30, no. 1-2 (2009): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200000914.

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In the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Hegel propounds three interrelated theses:(1) The radical continuity of religion and philosophy:The subject of religion as of philosophy is the eternal truth in its objectivity, is God and nothing but God and the explication of God. Philosophy is not worldly wisdom, but knowledge of the non-worldly, not knowledge of the outer substance, of empirical being and life, but knowledge of what is eternal, of what God is and what emanates from his nature. For this nature must reveal and develop itself. Philosophy therefore explicates itself only by explicating religion, and by thus explicating itself, explicates religion … Hence religion and philosophy collapse into each other; philosophy is indeed itself religious service [Gottesdienst]. (Hegel 1986c: 28)(2) The view that philosophy renders in conceptual form the essence of what Christianity consists in and thus transcends the merely subjective vantage-point of faith:In philosophy religion obtains its justification from the thinking consciousness … Faith already contains the true content, but it still misses the form of thought. All previously considered forms — feeling, representation — can have the content of truth, but they themselves are not the true form which makes the true content necessary. Thought is the absolute judge before whom the content needs to prove and justify itself, (ibid.: 341)(3) Philosophy alone shows Christianity to be rational and necessary:This vantage-point [of philosophy] is therefore the justification of religion, especially of the Christian, the true religion; it apprehends [erkennen] the content in its necessary form [nach seiner Notwendigkeit], according to reason; at the same time it also knows the forms in the development of this content. (ibid.: 339)

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Stroganov, V. "Sänger. — Zur Technik der uterinen Ätzung. (Ibid). To the technique of cauterization of the uterus." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 1 (September 20, 2020): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd9193-94.

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Lah, Meta. "Le fait divers, une narration défaillante?" Linguistica 48, no. 1 (December 29, 2008): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.48.1.59-72.

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Le fait divers: un genre très ancien,1 mais toujours aussi difficile à décrire et à définir. Histoires relatant des accidents, meurtres, viols que tout le monde lit mais que personne n’avoue lire... Même si « cette rubrique est encore dévalorisée socialement » (Lits 2001 : 1) et malgré le fait que les faits divers « occupent traditionnellement la place la moins noble dans la hiérarchie de l’information » (Bégorre Bret et al. 2004 : 1), la quantité des articles appartenant à cette rubrique augmente et ils sont passés dans d’autres médias, p. ex., à la télévision, où ils sont « désormais souvent abordés en première partie de journal télévisé » (ibid : 2).

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Asgari, Roghiyeh. "Issues on Interpreting." Ciência e Natura 37 (December 19, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20754.

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Interpreting is an ancient human practice which clearly predates the invention of writing and translation. Interpreting has existed for a long time. Whenever people met other people who had no common language they had to make do with sing language or find someone who speak both languages (Pochhacker, 2004). Interpreting is a form of translation in which a first and final rendition in another language is produced on the basis of a one-time presentation of an utterance in a source language (ibid). This paper is intended to provide some crucial features presented in interpreting; the quality of which directly affect the quality of interpreting.

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Coulton, J. J., N. P. Milner, and A. T. Reyes. "Balboura Survey: Onesimos and Meleager Part II." Anatolian Studies 39 (December 1989): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642811.

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The study of three small buildings at Balboura, set up by the city slave Onesimos and the wealthy Meleager near the southwest corner of the agora, is here concluded. Part I (AS XXXVIII (1988), 121–45) treated the exedra of Onesimos and his temple of Nemesis; here the exedra of Meleager and the associated inscriptions are presented. The numbering of the footnotes and figures, and the lettering of the sections continue on from Part I, and the same bibliographical abbreviations (ibid., 144–5) are used. It will also be necessary to refer to the city plan, state plans, restored plans, and restored elevations published there (Figs. 1–4).

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Normark, Johan. "Going against the flow. Reaction to Veronica Strang." Archaeological Dialogues 22, no. 2 (November 2, 2015): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203815000252.

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In her discussion article ‘Fluid consistencies. Material relationality in human engagements with water’, Veronica Strang argues that ‘water provides a useful focus for thinking aboutrelationshipsbetween things and persons and betweenmaterialproperties and meanings’ (Strang 2014, 133, emphasis added). Water permeates organic things and flows and connects in a multi-scalar way. Therefore her article emphasizes ‘how material and social processes combine to provide both fluidity and consistency at every level of human–non-human engagement’ (ibid., 133). Ontologically speaking, the emphasis on fluid relations and processes makes her arelationist, i.e. objects emerge from their internal or external relations (Harman 2009). I will summarize my reactions to her article in three major points.

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ANDRECUT, M., and M. K. ALI. "ROBUST CHAOS IN A SMOOTH SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 02 (January 20, 2001): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201003715.

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Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neighborhood of the parameter space. The occurrence of robust chaos has been discussed [Phys. Rev. Lett.78, 4561 (1997); ibid.80, 3049 (1998)]. It has been shown that robust chaos can occur in piecewise smooth systems. Also, it has been conjectured that robust chaos cannot occur in smooth systems. However, here we give a counter example to this conjecture. We present a one-dimensional smooth map xt + 1 = f(xt, α) that generates robust chaos in a large domain of the parameter space (α). An application to random number generation and cryptography is also presented.

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47

MUSHAHID, NOSHEEN, and MAHMOOD UL HASSAN. "ON THE DRESSING METHOD FOR THE GENERALIZED COUPLED DISPERSIONLESS INTEGRABLE SYSTEM." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 20 (June 28, 2013): 1350088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313500880.

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The dressing method of Zakharov and Shabat [Funct. Anal. Appl.8, 226 (1974) and ibid.13, 166 (1980)] has been employed to the generalized coupled dispersionless integrable system in two dimensions. The dressed solutions to the Lax pair and to the nonlinear matrix equation have been obtained in terms of Hermitian projectors. The dressing method has been related with the quasi-determinant solutions obtained by using the standard matrix Darboux transformation. The iteration of dressing procedure has been shown to give N-soliton solutions of the system. At the end, the explicit soliton solution has been obtained for the system based on Lie group SU(2).

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Kokkola, Sari. "The Role of Sound in Film Translation: Subtitling Embodied Aural Experience in Aki Kaurismäki’s Lights in the Dusk." TTR 27, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037744ar.

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The purpose of this article is twofold. First, by adopting a film studies-oriented approach to AVT it seeks to build common ground between translation studies and film studies—two disciplines that have remained curiously distant from each other, even though the film and translation industries are closely interrelated at the practical level. Second, by introducing study of the aural dimension of audiovisual texts—in particular film sound—to AVT, this article presents a new concept of text for AVT research that allows for the analysis of audiovisual texts as dynamic entities consisting of the visual, the aural and the verbal. These are seen as equally important constituent parts of audiovisual texts; they do not simply coexist but transform each other at the moment of perception. The role of sound in film translation is examined by applying phenomenologically informed theories of film sound, mainly Michel Chion’s (1994) theory of audio-vision, to the context of film subtitling. According to Chion, film viewing is based on cross-modal perception, i.e. synchronous sound and image are experienced as a unit, a “synchresis” (ibid., p. 63). Chion argues that filmic image and sound transform each other at the moment of perception, producing added value (ibid., p. 5). These audiovisual combinations not only address the viewer at the conceptual level but also contribute to the intensity and flow of the viewing experience that is to a large extent conveyed non-verbally. This paper argues that the translator’s decisions influence the added value created by image and sound and direct the viewer’s perception of a film, often overemphasizing the verbal element, thus narrowing the film’s non-verbally conveyed meanings and decreasing its emotional and esthetic appeal. These points are illustrated by presenting examples of the English and German subtitled versions of Aki Kaurismäki’s film Laitakaupungin valot (Lights in the Dusk).

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Gaudet, Marcel. "What does the term “documentation” mean." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 7 (September 4, 2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-7-133-140.

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The publication is the main fragment of the report of the Swiss librarian and bibliographer Marcel Gaudet (fr. Marcel Gaudet; 1877, Switzerland – 1949, ibid.) at the Congress of the International Federation for Documentation (FID) 1939, translated by Lubov B. Khavkina, a classic of Russian and Soviet Librarianship. The Piece has a double interest: as rolling pins of your time when the Phenomenon of Documentation, as well as appeared in practice, documentation Centres, only comprehended and discussed, the activity Centers have been criticized, the relationship with the library functions was unclear; and as evidence of close attention to this issue Lubov B. Khavkina, too, only still developing its attitude to the innovation that appeared in the Western World.

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Wilson, John. "Retribution Revisited." Philosophy 62, no. 239 (January 1987): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100038626.

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I am grateful for Professor Manser's criticisms of my brief remarks on f retribution, and in particular for his concluding challenge (‘ … what J injury, on his account, did Adam and Eve do to God in the Garden of r Eden?’), because they bring out the central point I was trying to make—that ‘Retribution aims at a restoration of balance by compensation’ (p. 523). I interpreted ‘compensation’ widely, to include the disadvantaging (punishment) a person should suffer ‘if somebody breaks the rules of a particular deal’ (ibid.), in order that the proper status of the participants be restored. The injury done by Adam and Eve to God, and their punishment, come under this heading.

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