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Buchroithner, M. "Dresden is getting ready for ICC 2013!" KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 63, no. 1 (2013): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03546083.
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Xu, Juanjuan, Yan Chen, Shi Liu, and Xiaohua Hou. "Electroacupuncture Regulates Apoptosis/Proliferation of Intramuscular Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Restores Colonic Motility in Diabetic Constipation Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/584179.
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Injury of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is associated with gut dysmotility in diabetic rats. We have shown an acceleration of the colonic contractility by electroacupuncture stimulation (EAS). However, little is known about potential roles of EAS on colonic transit and ICC. In this study, we evaluate the effect of EAS on colonic transit and investigate whether apoptosis/proliferation of ICC was involved in regulative effect of EAS on colonic transit. Rats were randomly assigned to normal, diabetic, diabetic-plus-sham stimulation, diabetic-plus-low-frequency stimulation, and diabetic-plus-high-frequency stimulation groups. Bead expulsion test was used for measuring the distal colonic transit. The Kit (ICC marker) was detected by western blot. Apoptotic ICC was detected by terminal dUTP nucleotide end labeling. Proliferating ICC was identified by Kit/Ki67 double immunofluorescent staining on whole mount preparations. Ultrastructure changes of ICC were studied using electron microscopy. Results showed that high-frequency stimulation significantly promoted colonic transit. Low- and high-frequency stimulation markedly rescued intramuscular ICC from apoptosis. Abundant proliferating intramuscular ICC was found in low- and high-frequency stimulation groups. Our results indicate that high-frequency EAS has stimulatory effect on the distal colonic transit, which may be mediated by downregulation of the apoptosis and upregulation of the proliferation of intramuscular ICC.
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Ghith, Nermin, Juan Merlo, and Anne Frølich. "Albuminuria measurement in diabetic care: a multilevel analysis measuring the influence of accreditation on institutional performance." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 1 (2019): e000449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000449.
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BackgroundStudies assessing institutional performance regarding quality of care are frequently performed using single-level statistical analyses investigating differences between provider averages of various quality indicators. However, such analyses are insufficient as they do not consider patients’ heterogeneity around those averages. Hence, we apply a multilevel analysis of individual-patient heterogeneity that distinguishes between ‘general’ (‘latent quality’ or measures of variance) and ‘specific’ (measures of association) contextual effects. We assess general contextual effects of the hospital departments and the specific contextual effect of a national accreditation programme on adherence to the standard benchmark for albuminuria measurement in Danish patients with diabetes.MethodsFrom the Danish Adult Diabetes Database, we extracted data on 137 893 patient cases admitted to hospitals between 2010 and 2013. Applying multilevel logistic and probit regression models for every year, we quantified general contextual effects of hospital department by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. We evaluated the specific effect of hospital accreditation using the ORs and the change in the department variance.ResultsIn 2010, the department context had considerable influence on adherence with albuminuria measurement (ICC=21.8%, AUC=0.770), but the general effect attenuated along with the implementation of the national accreditation programme. The ICC value was 16.5% in 2013 and the rate of compliance with albuminuria measurement increased from 91.6% in 2010 to 96% in 2013.ConclusionsParallel to implementation of the national accreditation programme, departments’ compliance with the standard benchmark for albuminuria measurement increased and the ICC values decreased, but remained high. While those results indicate an overall quality improvement, further intervention focusing on departments with the lowest compliance could be considered.
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Degnan, Andrew J., Nandini Shah, David M. Carty, John R. Petrie, Christian Delles, and Markus P. Schneider. "Repeatability of Peripheral Artery Tonometry in Female Subjects." ISRN Vascular Medicine 2013 (October 20, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/383624.
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Background. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a novel, non-invasive and operator-independent method for simultaneous assessment of endothelial function and arterial stiffness. We examined the repeatability of PAT in females and the influence of the estrous cycle. Methods. In 14 healthy female and five healthy male control subjects, PAT was performed on three separate occasions with 10 days between visits. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function, and peripheral augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness, were determined with the EndoPAT-2000 system. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as a measure of repeatability. Results. In both female and male groups, RHI and AIx did not differ between the three measurements (all n.s. by 1-way ANOVA). In females, reanalyzing the data after taking phase of estrous cycle into account had no effect on the results. Repeatability for RHI and AIx in females (ICC for RHI = 0.43, ICC for AIx = 0.78) was similar to that in male subjects (ICC for RHI = 0.42, ICC for AIx = 0.63). Conclusions. PAT measurements were not affected by the estrous cycle in females, and repeatability was comparable to that in males. This should facilitate inclusion of female subjects into vascular function studies using PAT.
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Barrett, Eva, Karen McCreesh, and Jeremy Lewis. "Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of the Flexicurve Index, Flexicurve Angle, and Manual Inclinometer for the Measurement of Thoracic Kyphosis." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/475870.
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Objective. This study aimed to describe the interrater and intrarater reliability of the flexicurve index, flexicurve angle, and manual inclinometer in swimmers. A secondary objective was to determine the level of agreement between the inclinometer angle and the flexicurve angle and to provide an equation to approximate one angle from the other.Methods. Thirty swimmers participated. Thoracic kyphosis was measured using the flexicurve and the manual inclinometer. Intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval, and standard error of measurement were computed.Results. The flexicurve angle and index showed excellent intrarater (ICC = 0.94) and good interrater (ICC = 0.86) reliability. The inclinometer demonstrated excellent intrarater (ICC = 0.92) and interrater (ICC = 0.90) reliability. The flexicurve angle was systematically smaller and correlated poorly with the inclinometer angle (R2=0.384). The following equations can be used for approximate conversions: flexicurve angle = (0.275 × inclinometer angle) + 8.478; inclinometer angle = (1.396 × flexicurve angle) + 8.694.Conclusion. The inclinometer and flexicurve are both reliable instruments for thoracic kyphosis measurement in swimmers. Although the flexicurve and inclinometer angles are not directly comparable, the approximate conversion factors provided will permit translation of flexicurve angle to inclinometer angle and vice versa.
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Young, Kieran P., G. Gregory Haff, Robert U. Newton, and Jeremy M. Sheppard. "Reliability of a Novel Testing Protocol to Assess Upper-Body Strength Qualities in Elite Athletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 5 (2014): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0332.
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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an isometric-bench-press (IBP) test performed across 4 elbow angles and a ballistic bench throw (BBT) using a relative load, as well as evaluating the reliability of the dynamic strength index (DSI: BBT peak force/IBP peak force).Methods:Twenty-four elite male athletes performed the IBP and a 45% 1-repetition-maximum BBT on 2 separate days with 48 h between testing occasions. Peak force, peak power, peak velocity, peak displacement, and peak rate of force development (PRFD) were assessed using a force plate and linear position transducer. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), coefficient of variation (%CV) and typical error.Results:Performance measures in the BBT, such as peak force, peak velocity, peak power, and peak displacement, were considered reliable (ICC = .85–.92, %CV = 1.7–3.3), while PRFD was not (ICC = .43, %CV = 4.1). Similarly, for the IBP, peak force across all angles was considered reliable (ICC = .89–.97, %CV = 1.2–1.6), while PRFD was not (ICC = .56–.65, %CV = 0.5–7.6). The DSI was also reliable (ICC = .93, %CV = 3.5).Conclusions:Performance measures such as peak force in the IBP and BBT are reliable when assessing upper-body pressing-strength qualities in elite male athletes. Furthermore, the DSI is reliable and could potentially be used to detect qualities of relative deficiency and guide specific training interventions.
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Çınar, Yasin, Abdullah Kürşat Cingü, Muhammed Şahin, et al. "Comparison of Optical versus Ultrasonic Biometry in Keratoconic Eyes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/481238.
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Purpose. To compare the measurements of optical versus ultrasonic biometry devices in keratoconic eyes.Materials and Methods. Forty-two eyes of 42 keratoconus (KC) patients enrolled in the study were examined. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were noted, and detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Following Pentacam measurements, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were obtained using the Lenstar and US biometer to determine the reproducibility of the measurements between the two devices in keratoconic eyes. The Bland-Altman method was used to describe the agreement between the two devices.Results. The Lenstar could not measure at least one of the biometric properties in one eye and did not automatically give the corrected ACD in 2/3 of our study population. The Lenstar measured CCT (average difference 5.4 ± 19.6 µm; ICC = 0.90; ), LT (average difference 0.13 ± 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.67; ), and AL (average difference 0.10 ± 0.76 mm; ICC = 0.75; ) thinner than US biometer, whereas it measured ACD (average difference 0.18 ± 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.85; ) deeper than US biometer in keratoconic eyes.Conclusion. Although the difference between the measurements obtained using the two devices might be clinically acceptable, US biometry and Lenstar should not be used interchangeably for biometric measurements in KC patients.
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Johan, Zaimy Johana. "Shariah compliant credit cards: Disputes and steps forward." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 6, no. 1 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v6i1.8773.
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The major studies on Islamic credit card (ICC) started in 2011 until 2013 specifically examining operations and structures of ICC and behavioural studies. The other studies mostly explored and investigated behaviour and intention to utilise ICC. There are however, few studies comparing between ICC and conventional credit card (CCC) preference. On the same note, only a small number of studies have explored the importance of shariah compliance in influencing the behaviour of ICC adoption. Since shariah compliant credit cards are not popular as compared to the conventional ones, it is timely to review the breadth and depth of ICC studies in order to acknowledge the existence of the product in the market. Whether the product has been unattractive, lack of marketing and promotion from the bankers’ part or the public’s ignorance, insensitivity and unconsciousness about the products, the paper will provide an overview of the research work that has been conducted thus far. The studies on ICC are still limited in numbers and the focus areas are only skewed towards behaviour, satisfaction and the structure of the cards. The key features of ICC that differentiate the product with CCC still remain invisible and unnoticed. There is a critical need to further investigate another perspective of ICC by identifying the key features of shariah compliance and leverage on the benefits to consumers by protecting and preserving basic needs as well as promoting healthy banking environment.
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Cheatham, Scott W., Morey J. Kolber, and Michael P. Ernst. "Concurrent Validity of Resting Pulse-Rate Measurements: A Comparison of 2 Smartphone Applications, the Polar H7 Belt Monitor, and a Pulse Oximeter With Bluetooth." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 2 (2015): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0145.
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Context:Pulse rate is commonly measured manually or with commercial wrist or belt monitors. More recently, pulse-rate monitoring has become convenient with the use of mobile technology that allows monitoring through a smartphone camera. This optical technology offers many benefits, although the clinimetric properties have not been extensively studied.Design:Observational study of reliability.Setting:University kinesiology laboratory.Participants:30 healthy, recreationally active adults.Intervention:Concurrent measurement of pulse rate using 2 smartphone applications (fingertip, face-scan,) with the Polar H7 belt and pulse oximeter.Main Outcome Measure:Average resting pulse rate for 5 min in 3 positions (supine, sitting, and prone).Results:Concurrent validity in supine and standing was good between the 2 applications and the Polar H7 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] .80–.98) and pulse oximeter (ICC .82–98). For sitting, the validity was good between the fingertip application, Polar H7 (ICC .97), and pulse oximeter (ICC .97). The face-scan application had moderate validity with the Polar H7 (ICC .74) and pulse oximeter (ICC .69). The minimal detectable change (MDC90) between the fingertip application and Polar H7 ranged from 1.38 to 4.36 beats/min (BPM) and from 0.69 to 2.97 BPM for the pulse oximeter with both positions. The MDC90 between the face-scan application and Polar H7 ranged from 11.88 to 12.83 BPM and from 0.59 to 17.72 BPM for the pulse oximeter. The 95% limits of agreement suggest that the fingertip application may vary between 2.40 and 3.59 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 3.40 and 3.42 BPM with the pulse oximeter. The face-scan application may vary between 3.46 and 3.52 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 2.54 and 3.46 BPM with the pulse oximeter.Conclusion:Pulse-rate measurements may be effective using a fingertip application, belt monitor, and pulse oximeter. The fingertip scanner showed superior results compared with the face scanner, which only demonstrated modest validity compared with the Polar H7 and pulse oximeter.
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Ha, Sung-min, Heon-seock Cynn, Oh-yun Kwon, Kyue-nam Park, and Gyoung-mo Kim. "A Reliability of Electromyographic Normalization Methods for the Infraspinatus Muscle in Healthy Subjects." Journal of Human Kinetics 36, no. 1 (2013): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0007.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of normalization methods for the infraspinatus muscle in a group of healthy subjects. Twelve healthy subjects (male=8, female=4) performed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with examiner`s resistance, MVIC with a digital tension-meter (MVIC-DT), and sub-MVIC methods. Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the infraspinatus muscles according to normalization methods. Reliability was analyzed using the intra-class coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable difference (MDD). The results of the present study demonstrated that the sub-MVIC method has excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.92) with a relatively small SEM (5.9 mV) and MDD95 (16.4 mV), compared to MVIC-DT (ICC=0.73; SEM=11.2 mV; MDD95: 31 mV) and MVIC-E (ICC=0.5; SEM=15.7 mV; MDD95: 43.6 mV). These findings provide evidence that sub-MVIC is more appropriate for comparing the EMG activity for the infraspinatus muscle as a normalization method. If MVIC for normalization is needed, MVIC-DT is more appropriate than MVIC-E.
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Mariniello, Triestino. "International Criminal Court." International Human Rights Law Review 3, no. 1 (2014): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00301003.
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Between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 the Chambers of the International Criminal Court (icc) delivered several notable judgments and decisions. This comment highlights the most important developments in 2013 concerning pre-trial proceedings, trial proceedings, appeal proceedings, complementarity principle and other developments.
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Guidetti, Laura, Valerio Bonavolontà, Alessandro Tito, Victor M. Reis, Maria Chiara Gallotta, and Carlo Baldari. "Intra- and Interday Reliability of Spine Rasterstereography." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/745480.
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To determine intra- and interday reliability of spine rasterstereographic system Formetric 4D with and without reflective markers. Twenty-six healthy volunteers (M group) had two markers placed in correspondence of vertebra prominens and intergluteal cleft, and 24 volunteers (NM group) were assessed without markers. All participants were analyzed two times in the same day and one time on a separate day. Trunk length, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, pelvic inclination, kyphotic and lordotic apex, right and left lateral deviation,flèche cervicaleandlombaire, trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt, inflection point, rotation correction, right and left surface rotation, pelvic torsion, and trunk torsion were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach Alpha (Cα) were calculated. In M group, for intra-, interday, and overall evaluations, the higher reliability coefficients were 0.971, 0.963, and 0.958 (ICC) and 0.987, 0.983, and 0.985 (Cα) for trunk length, kyphotic angle, and lordotic apex, respectively; while in NM group, they were 0.978, 0.982, and 0.972 and 0.989, 0.991, and 0.991 for trunk length. In M group, the lower values were 0.598, 0.515, and 0.534 (ICC) and 0.742, 0.682, and 0.784 (Cα) for trunk and pelvic torsion and in NM group 0.561, 0.537, and 0.461 and 0.731, 0.695, and 0.729 for left lateral deviation. The reliability of most parameters was excellent.
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Heo, Moonseong, Singh R. Nair, Judith Wylie-Rosett, et al. "Trial Characteristics and Appropriateness of Statistical Methods Applied for Design and Analysis of Randomized School-Based Studies Addressing Weight-Related Issues: A Literature Review." Journal of Obesity 2018 (June 25, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8767315.
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Objective. To evaluate whether clustering effects, often quantified by the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC), were appropriately accounted for in design and analysis of school-based trials. Methods. We searched PubMed and extracted variables concerning study characteristics, power analysis, ICC use for power analysis, applied statistical models, and the report of the ICC estimated from the observed data. Results. N=263 papers were identified, and N=121 papers were included for evaluation. Overall, only a minority (21.5%) of studies incorporated ICC values for power analysis, fewer studies (8.3%) reported the estimated ICC, and 68.6% of studies applied appropriate multilevel models. A greater proportion of studies applied the appropriate models during the past five years (2013–2017) compared to the prior years (74.1% versus 63.5%, p=0.176). Significantly associated with application of appropriate models were a larger number of schools (p=0.030), a larger sample size (p=0.002), longer follow-up (p=0.014), and randomization at a cluster level (p<0.001) and so were studies that incorporated the ICC into power analysis (p=0.016) and reported the estimated ICC (p=0.030). Conclusion. Although application of appropriate models has increased over the years, consideration of clustering effects in power analysis has been inadequate, as has report of estimated ICC. To increase rigor, future school-based trials should address these issues at both the design and analysis stages.
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Hmaittane, Abdelmajid, Kais Bouslah, and Bouchra M’Zali. "Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of equity in controversial industry sectors?" Review of Accounting and Finance 18, no. 4 (2019): 635–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-09-2018-0184.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility influences the cost of equity capital of firms operating in controversial industry sectors. Design/methodology/approach This paper computes the ex-ante cost of equity capital implied in analyst earnings forecasts and stock prices for a sample of 2,006 US firm-year observations belonging to controversial industry sectors (alcohol, tobacco, gambling, military, firearms, nuclear power, oil and gas, cement and biotechnology) during the period 1991-2012. The baseline regression model links CSR score to the implied cost of equity capital (ICC) and controls for firm-specific characteristics, industry factors and economic or market-wide factors. This model enables to capture the differential effect of CSR on ICC when the firm belongs to a specific sector of the controversial industries by adding an interaction term between CSR and the dummy variable representing this belonging. Findings The findings show two main results. First, CSR engagement significantly reduces the implied cost of equity capital (ICC) in all controversial industry sectors, taken as a group, as well as in each one of these sectors individually. Second, this effect is more pronounced when the firm belongs to the alcohol and tobacco industry sectors. Practical implications The findings have two important practical implications. First, they should increase managers’ confidence and incentives, in controversial industry sectors, to pursue CSR activities. Second, policymakers can encourage managers to undertake CSR initiatives in controversial industry sectors through tax incentives (e.g. reduce taxes for CSR related investment projects). Originality/value This paper extends prior studies that investigate the perceptions of capital market participants of firm’s CSR commitment (Sharfman and Fernando, 2008; Goss and Roberts, 2011; El Ghoul et al., 2011; Jo and Na, 2012; Bouslah et al., 2013) by examining the effect of CSR on ICC in the controversial industry sectors. It contributes to the debate around the relevance of CSR in controversial sectors by providing evidence of the reduction effect of CSR activities on ICC in controversial industries and by showing that this reduction impact is more pronounced when the firm belongs to alcohol, tobacco industry sectors.
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du Jardin, Kristian G., Lise S. Gregersen, Turid Røsland, et al. "Assessment of Pain Response in Capsaicin-Induced Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia Using a Novel and Fully Automated Brushing Device." Pain Research and Management 18, no. 1 (2013): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/142582.
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BACKGROUND: Dynamic mechanical allodynia is traditionally induced by manual brushing of the skin. Brushing force and speed have been shown to influence the intensity of brush-evoked pain. There are still limited data available with respect to the optimal stroke number, length, force, angle and speed. Therefore, an automated brushing device (ABD) was developed, for which brushing angle and speed could be controlled to enable quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia.OBJECTIVES: To compare the ABD with manual brushing using capsaicin-induced allodynia, and to investigate the role of stroke angle and speed on pain intensity.METHODS: Experimental dynamic mechanical allodynia was induced by an intradermal injection of capsaicin (100 μg) into the volar forearm of 12 healthy, male volunteers. Dynamic mechanical allodynia was rated on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) after each set of strokes at angles of 30°, 60° and 90° with speeds of 17 mm/s, 21 mm/s and 25 mm/s for each angle. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to assess the influence of brushing parameters. To evaluate test-retest reliability, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, including a coefficient of repeatability and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were determined.RESULTS: The angle and speed exhibited a significant impact on pain intensity (P<0.001 and P<0.015, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the highest pain intensity was recorded with an angle of 30° regardless of brushing speed. The ABD demonstrated superior test-retest reliability (coefficient of repeatability = 1.9 VAS; ICC=0.91) compared with manual brushing (coefficient of repeatability = 2.8 VAS; ICC=0.80; P<0.05). The most reliable combination of parameters (coefficient of repeatability = 1.3 VAS; ICC=0.97) was an angle of 60° and a speed of 21 mm/s.CONCLUSIONS: A controlled, automatic brushing method can be used for quantitative investigations of allodynic reactions, and is more reliable for quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia compared with traditional manual brushing.
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Lei, Wanrong. "A Survey on Preservice English Teachers’ Intercultural Communicative Competence in China." English Language Teaching 14, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n1p37.
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Enhancing pupils&rsquo; intercultural communication competence (ICC) is a key EFL teaching goal in China and the pre-service English teachers&rsquo; ICC plays an essential role in it. This study aims to investigate the pre-service English teachers&rsquo; ICC levels and whether there were any differences between their ICC levels and their genders or their family origins in a public university in China. Data were collected from 186 pre-service English teachers by employing Zhong et al.&rsquo;s (2013) &ldquo;Intercultural Communication Competence Self Rating Scale (ICCSRS)&rdquo;. The results showed that the pre-service English teachers&rsquo; ICC is only moderate with an average score of 3.20. Among the eight dimensions of the ICC, attitude showed the highest score (3.87) while linguistic competence showed the lowest (2.72). In addition, the study revealed the female pre-service English teachers have higher ICC than the male ones, but there is no difference between the urban and rural pre-service English teachers. As a result of the pre-service English teachers&rsquo; low level of ICC, the study suggested that the university should lay more emphasis on the ICC development in the teaching, provide more opportunities to communicate interculturally for the pre-service English teachers, and take a flexible policy in the class division and teaching.
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Prorok, Alyssa K. "The (In)compatibility of Peace and Justice? The International Criminal Court and Civil Conflict Termination." International Organization 71, no. 2 (2017): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818317000078.
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AbstractDoes the International Criminal Court's (ICC) pursuit of justice facilitate peace or prolong conflict? This paper addresses the “peace versus justice” debate by examining the ICC's impact on civil conflict termination. Active ICC involvement in a conflict increases the threat of punishment for rebel and state leaders, which, under certain conditions, generates incentives for these leaders to continue the conflict as a way to avoid capture, transfer to the Hague, and prosecution. The impact of ICC involvement is conditional upon the threat of domestic punishment that leaders face; as the risk of domestic punishment increases, the conflict-prolonging effects of ICC involvement diminish. I test these theoretical expectations on a data set of all civil conflict dyads from 2002 to 2013. Findings support the hypothesized relationship. Even after addressing potential selection and endogeneity concerns, I find that active involvement by the ICC significantly decreases the likelihood of conflict termination when the threat of domestic punishment is relatively low.
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Terrier, Philippe, and Fabienne Reynard. "To What Extent Does Not Wearing Shoes Affect the Local Dynamic Stability of Walking?: Effect Size and Intrasession Repeatability." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 2 (2014): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0142.
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Local dynamic stability (stability) quantifies how a system responds to small perturbations. Several experimental and clinical findings have highlighted the association between gait stability and fall risk. Walking without shoes is known to slightly modify gait parameters. Barefoot walking may cause unusual sensory feedback to individuals accustomed to shod walking, and this may affect stability. The objective was therefore to compare the stability of shod and barefoot walking in healthy individuals and to analyze the intrasession repeatability. Forty participants traversed a 70 m indoor corridor wearing normal shoes in one trial and walking barefoot in a second trial. Trunk accelerations were recorded with a 3D-accelerometer attached to the lower back. The stability was computed using the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponent method. Absolute agreement between the forward and backward paths was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Barefoot walking did not significantly modify the stability as compared with shod walking (average standardized effect size: +0.11). The intrasession repeatability was high (ICC: 0.73–0.81) and slightly higher in barefoot walking condition (ICC: 0.81–0.87). Therefore, it seems that barefoot walking can be used to evaluate stability without introducing a bias as compared with shod walking, and with a sufficient reliability.
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Jarrett, Haydn, Liam Fitzgerald, and Ash C. Routen. "Interinstrument Reliability of the ActiGraph GT3X+ Ambulatory Activity Monitor During Free-Living Conditions in Adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 3 (2015): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0070.
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Background:Currently, no studies have investigated interinstrument reliability of the ActiGraph (AG) GT3X+ in free-living conditions.Methods:Nineteen adults (11 males, 8 females; aged 36.8 ± 11.9 years) wore a pair of AG’s (one on each hip), during all waking hours for 1 day. Raw outputs were generated for total counts, steps, wear time and mean counts per minute. Intensity outputs were derived for time (minutes) spent in <moderate, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Intraclass correlation (ICC), absolute percent difference (APD), coefficient of variation (CV), Bland-Altman plots, and paired t tests were used to evaluate reliability.Results:Interinstrument reliability was high (CV < 5%) for raw count and derived intensity outputs, except vigorous and very vigorous activity. ICC, CV, and APD values for vigorous and very vigorous were .97, 12.28, 17.36% and .98, 18.15, 25.67%, respectively. Amalgamating moderate, vigorous, and very vigorous into a single MVPA category reduced the CV and APD values to 2.85 and 4.02%, and increased the ICC value to .99. No significant differences were found between contralateral units for any outputs (P > .05).Conclusion:Reliability decreases beyond moderate intensities. MVPA displays superior interinstrument reliability than individual intensity categories. Research question permitting, reporting time in MVPA may maximize reliability.
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Sharma, Shivali, H. D. Upadhyaya, C. L. L. Gowda, Shiv Kumar, and Sube Singh. "Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 3 (2013): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-020.
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Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. 2013. Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 387–395. Seed size (determined by 100-seed weight) is an important component of trade and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of maternal inheritance for seed size and to estimate relative importance of additive and non-additive gene effects on seed size in three chickpea crosses involving two desi (ICC 5002 and ICC 7672) and two kabuli (ICC 11255 and ICC 17109) genotypes. The study included parents, F1, F2, backcross generations, and their reciprocals. Differences in the reciprocal mean 100-seed weight of F1, F2, and backcross generations were not detected in any cross. No definite major gene segregation pattern was observed in the F2 generation, and the continuous variation observed indicated quantitative inheritance. Generation mean analysis indicated the presence of additive gene effects controlling seed size in three crosses. Additive×additive type of non-allelic interactions were found significant in desi×kabuli crosses, ICC 5002×ICC 17109 and ICC 7672×ICC 11255. The selection and breeding procedure may be modified for maximum exploitation of the fixable additive×additive epistasis by delaying selection in later generations and by maintaining large populations prior to selection for maximum recombination of genes to occur.
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Aversa, P., S. Furnari, and S. Haefliger. "Business model configurations and performance: A qualitative comparative analysis in Formula One racing, 2005-2013." Industrial and Corporate Change 24, no. 3 (2015): 655–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtv012.
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Frossard, Andréa Geórgia de Souza, and Emanuel Cristiano de Souza Silva. "Experiência da residência multiprofissional em serviço social e cuidados paliativos oncológicos." Revista Katálysis 19, no. 2 (2016): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-49802016.00200013.
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Resumo Este artigo destaca a inserção do programa de residência multiprofissional no Serviço de Terapia da Dor e Cuidados Paliativos do Instituto do Câncer do Ceará (ICC) entre os anos de 2013 a 2015. Apropriando-se da teoria crítica marxiana, apresenta um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de cunho qualitativo, iluminando a dimensão técnico-operativa do Serviço Social no âmbito do ICC. Destacase a importância da dimensão formativa articulada à investigativa, dando centralidade aos processos pedagógicos criativos e adequados ao modelo de residência em curso no país e sua importância na área de Cuidados Paliativos.
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Hu, Huanhuan, Gang Li, and Takashi Arao. "Validation of a Chinese Version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale in Patients with Hypertension in Primary Care." ISRN Public Health 2013 (May 2, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/298986.
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The aim of this study was to validate a Chinese version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SES6C). In 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a community clinic, in Beijing, China. A total of 262 hypertension patients participated in this study. Concurrent validity was validated by Pearson’s correlations between the SES6C and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were performed to evaluate test-retest reliability of the scale. Related factors of self-efficacy were explored in linear regression models. The results of our study display acceptable psychometric properties: the scale was two-dimensional, reproducible (ICC = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.84), and the reliability was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). Significant (r=-0.30; P<0.001) correlation was found between the level of self-efficacy and the level of psychological distress. In multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with self-efficacy were regular exercise (β=0.659, P<0.01), HADS total score (β=-0.076, P<0.001) and health status (β=-0.530, P<0.001). The study provides evidence that the SES6C is acceptable, valid and repeatable for hypertension patients.
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Kong, Lingming, Peng Liu, Mingjun Zheng, Busheng Xue, Keke Liang, and Xiaodong Tan. "Multi-omics analysis based on integrated genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics in pancreatic cancer." Epigenomics 12, no. 6 (2020): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2019-0374.
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Aim: Integrated analysis of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and clinical information contributes to identify specific molecular subgroups and find novel biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Materials & methods: The DNA copy number variation, the simple nucleotide variation, methylation and mRNA data of pancreatic cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Four molecular subgroups (iC1, iC2, iC3 and iC4) of pancreatic cancer were identified by integrating analysis. Results: The iC1 subgroup harbors better prognosis, higher immune score, lesser DNA copy number variation mutations and better genomic stability compared with iC2, iC3 and iC4 subgroups. Three new genes ( GRAP2, ICAM3 and A2ML1) correlated with prognosis were identified. Conclusion: Integrated multi-omics analysis provides fresh insight into molecular classification of pancreatic cancer, which may help discover new prognostic biomarkers and reveal the underlying mechanism of pancreatic cancer.
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Abdolell, Mohamed, Kaitlyn Tsuruda, Gerry Schaller, and Judy Caines. "Statistical Evaluation of a Fully Automated Mammographic Breast Density Algorithm." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/651091.
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Visual assessments of mammographic breast density by radiologists are used in clinical practice; however, these assessments have shown weaker associations with breast cancer risk than area-based, quantitative methods. The purpose of this study is to present a statistical evaluation of a fully automated, area-based mammographic density measurement algorithm. Five radiologists estimated density in 5% increments for 138 “For Presentation” single MLO views; the median of the radiologists’ estimates was used as the reference standard. Agreement amongst radiologists was excellent, ICC = 0.884, 95% CI (0.854, 0.910). Similarly, the agreement between the algorithm and the reference standard was excellent, ICC = 0.862, falling within the 95% CI of the radiologists’ estimates. The Bland-Altman plot showed that the reference standard was slightly positively biased (+1.86%) compared to the algorithm-generated densities. A scatter plot showed that the algorithm moderately overestimated low densities and underestimated high densities. A box plot showed that 95% of the algorithm-generated assessments fell within one BI-RADS category of the reference standard. This study demonstrates the effective use of several statistical techniques that collectively produce a comprehensive evaluation of the algorithm and its potential to provide mammographic density measures that can be used to inform clinical practice.
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Friesenbichler, Joerg, Andreas Leithner, Mathias Glehr, et al. "Evaluation of Stability of Rotating Hinge Knee Prostheses: A Biomechanical Study." ISRN Orthopedics 2013 (July 18, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/701693.
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Purpose. Rotating hinge knee prostheses should provide a stable situation following reconstruction. We performed a biomechanical analysis to establish the association between design of the central rotational stem (peg) and implant’s stability, in a theoretical setting. Methods. Six different rotating hinge designs were tested, and three observers performed two different measurements with a custom made biomechanical apparatus and laterally directed pressure. The aim was to assign the degree of tilting of the peg within the vertical post-in channel by extending the distraction as well as the maximum amount of distraction before the peg’s dislocation. An intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the observer’s reliability. Results. Implant designs with cylindrical pegs of different lengths were superior to implant designs with conical or other shaped pegs concerning stability and maximum amount of distraction before dislocation, showing steep rising distraction-angular displacement curves. The ICC at 15 mm and 25 mm of distraction revealed high interobserver reliability (P<0.001). Conclusion. The biomechanical analysis showed that rotating hinge prostheses with long and cylindrical pegs have the highest stability at any given amount of distraction. Designs with shorter and markedly tapered pegs may become unstable under conditions of mild joint distraction which has to be proven in future in vivo investigations.
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Cooney, Jennifer K., Jonathan P. Moore, Yasmeen A. Ahmad, et al. "A Simple Step Test to Estimate Cardio-Respiratory Fitness Levels of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in a Clinical Setting." International Journal of Rheumatology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/174541.
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Purpose. Exercise tests represent an important clinical tool to evaluate cardio-respiratory fitness and to predict future adverse cardiovascular events. However, use of such tests in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is relatively uncommon despite well-established evidence that low exercise capacity and high CVD mortality are features of this disease. Therefore, this study examined the validity and reliability of a sub-maximal step test for use in RA patients.Methods. Thirty patients (24 females) (mean ± SD age53±10years) performed a sub-maximal step test on two occasions to estimate the criterion measure of cardio-respiratory fitness (V.O2max). A further maximal cycling test provided a direct fitness measurement (V.O2 peak). Pearson correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland and Altman plots, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were used to determine the validity and reliability of the sub-maximal test.Results. EstimatedV.O2maxcorrelated well with directly measuredV.O2 peak(r=0.79, LoA ±5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1). Test-retest reproducibility for estimatedV.O2maxwas excellent (ICC=0.97, LoA ±2.2 mL·kg−1·min−1).Conclusion. The sub-maximal step test studied here represents a valid and reproducible method to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness in RA patients. This test may be useful for the assessment and management of CVD risk in a clinical setting.
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Suk, Michael, Monica Daigl, Richard E. Buckley, et al. "TEFTOM: A Promising General Trauma Expectation/Outcome Measure—Results of a Validation Study on Pan-American Ankle and Distal Tibia Trauma Patients." ISRN Orthopedics 2013 (February 28, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/801784.
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Background. In orthopedics, there is no instrument specifically designed to assess patients’ expectations of their final surgery outcome in general trauma populations. We developed the Trauma Expectation Factor Trauma Outcome Measure (TEFTOM) to investigate the fulfilment of patients’ expectations one year after surgery as a measure of general trauma surgical outcomes. The aim of this paper was to assess the psychometric characteristics of this new general trauma outcome measure. Methods. The questionnaire was tested in 201 ankle and distal tibia fracture patients scheduled for surgery. Patients were followed up for twelve months. The TEFTOM questionnaire was evaluated for its criterion validity, internal consistency, reproducibility, and responsiveness. Results. TOM showed good criterion validity against the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Scale (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.69–0.77). Internal consistency was acceptable for TEF (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.65–0.76) and excellent for TOM (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76–0.85). Reproducibility was moderate to very good (intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) ≥0.67) for TEF and very good (ICC ≥0.92) for TOM. TOM also proved to be responsive to changes in patients’ condition over time (Wald test; P<0.001). Conclusions. TEFTOM is a promising tool for measuring general trauma outcomes in terms of patients’ expectation fulfilment that proved to be valid, internally consistent, reproducible, and responsive to change.
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Svaček, Ondřej. "Review of the International Criminal Court’s Case-Law 2013." International and Comparative Law Review 13, no. 2 (2013): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0068.
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Abstract Presented article evaluates ICC's case-law rendered in 2013, or more precisely, analyzes and evaluates some challenges the ICC faced in 2013. Scrutiny of the latest decisions has its obvious advantage, since it opens the door for better understanding of previous case-law. Vice versa, it is obvious that current ICC's practice cannot be comprehended without the knowledge of legal background it emanates from. To put it differently, an analysis of the case-law from 2013 presupposes to reveal its roots which are embedded in previous years. Th is holds true with respect to all considered and selected issues covered in this article - cooperation with the Court, complementarity, witness proofing, or presence at trial.
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Pedersen, Christian K., Bente Danneskiold-Samsøe, Adam P. Garrow, et al. "Development of a Danish Language Version of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index: Reproducibility and Construct Validity Testing." Pain Research and Treatment 2013 (March 6, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/284903.
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Introduction. The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a 19-item questionnaire for the assessment of disability caused by foot pain. The aim was to develop a Danish language version of the MFPDI (MFPDI-DK) and evaluate its reproducibility and construct validity. Methods. A Danish version was created, following a forward-backward translation procedure. A sample of 84 adult patients with foot pain was recruited. Participants completed two copies of the MFPDI-DK within a 24- to 48-hour interval, along with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), and a pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plot). Construct validity was evaluated with Pearson’s Rho, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 subscales and VASmean. Results. The MFPDI-DK showed very good reliability with an ICC of 0.92 (0.88–0.95). The 95% limits of agreement ranged from −6.03 to 6.03 points. Construct validity was supported by moderate to very strong correlations with the SF-36 physical subscales and VASmean. Conclusion. The MFPDI-DK appears to be a valid and reproducible instrument in evaluating foot-pain-related disability in Danish adult patients in cross-sectional samples. Further research is needed to test the responsiveness of the MFPDI-DK.
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Derks, Eske, Karin Verweij, and Nathan Gillespie. "Cannabis Research." Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no. 2 (2020): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.43.
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AbstractThe International Cannabis Consortium (ICC) was founded in 2013 by Jacqueline Vink, Nathan Gillespie, Karin Verweij and Eske Derks. The largest contribution to the first meta-analysis was made by Prof. Nick Martin. The ICC has published two primary publications, in Translational Psychiatry and Nature Neuroscience, and many secondary publications. The study’s principal investigators will always be grateful for Nick’s contribution to science as they would not have been able to do any of this work without the contributions of Nick and others who collected samples. Nick has made unique contributions to the careers of many junior researchers by supporting their development and growth into senior positions.
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McGirr, Kate Anne, Thomas Kennedy, Carsten M. Mølgaard, and Michael Skovdal Rathleff. "Intra-Tester Reliability of Hand-Held Dynamometry and Strap-Mounted Dynamometry for Assessment of Ankle Strength." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 19, no. 2 (2014): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2013-0089.
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Context:Measurement of ankle evertor and invertor strength is important for assessment of ankle sprain risk and assessment of restoration of normal function after an ankle sprain.Objective:To compare the intra-tester reliability of ankle evertor and invertor strength measurements derived from hand-held dynamometry (HHD) and strap-mounted dynamometry (SMD) for both make-test and break-test techniques.Participants:25 healthy individuals.Main Outcome Measure:Repeated measurements of isometric evertor and invertor strength derived from both HHD and SMD devices using both make-test and break-test techniques.Results:High make-test reliability values were found for both inversion and eversion force measured by both the HHD and SMD devices (ICC = 0.80 to ICC = 0.88). The correlation coeffcients between HHD and SMD measurements for the inversion make-test, the inversion break-test, and the eversion make-test ranged from r = 0.74 to r = 0.87, but the correlation between HHD and SMD measurements for the eversion break-test was poor.Conclusion:The fndings suggest that testers with limited experience can obtain reliable measurements of ankle evertor and invertor strength using either HHD or SMD.
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Oriolo, Anna. "The ‘Inherent Power’ of Judges: An Ethical Yardstick to Assess Prosecutorial Conduct at the icc." International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 2 (2016): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01602004.
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Although the Code of Conduct for the Office of the Prosecutor (otp) of the International Criminal Court (icc) that entered into force in 2013 unquestionably provided a more comprehensive set of ethical standards for all members of the Office (both staff members and elected officials), it does not fully meet the current needs to balance the powers and faculties of the Prosecutor in compliance with fair trial principles, the credibility of the Court and the sound administration of justice. Notwithstanding the adoption of the Code, a controversial prosecutorial action in the Bemba et al. case led to a request to disqualify the entire staff of the otp. This paper takes the opportunity to remark on the ethical standards applicable to icc prosecution lawyers and specifically the role of icc judges as the ‘ultimate guardian of a fair and expeditious trial’ in outlining the criteria to assess the conduct, good standing and professionalism of the otp.
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Wolf, Thomas P. "International Justice vs Public Opinion: The Icc and Ethnic Polarisation in the 2013 Kenyan Election." Journal of African elections 12, no. 1 (2013): 143–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2013/v12i1a6.
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Spolverato, Gaya, Yuhree Kim, Sorin Alexandrescu, et al. "Management and outcomes of patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following previous curative intent surgical resection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.349.
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349 Background: Many patients develop recurrence following resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC). Management and outcomes of patients with recurrent ICC following previous curative-intent surgery are not well documented. We sought to characterize the treatment of patients with recurrent ICC and define therapy-specific outcomes. Methods: Between 1990-2013, 542 patients who underwent surgery for ICC were identified from an international database. Data on clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, recurrence and recurrence-related management were recorded and analyzed. Results: At initial surgery, treatment was resection only(96.1%) or resection+RFA(3.9%). Overall 5-year survival was 25.9%; 376(69.4%) patients recurred with a median disease-free survival of 11.0 months. Vascular invasion(hazard ratio [HR]=1.43), nodal metastasis(HR=1.40) and poor differentiation(HR=1.30) were predictive of recurrence(all P<0.05). First recurrence site was intrahepatic only (62.0%), extrahepatic only (14.1%), or intra- and extrahepatic(23.9%). Overall 259(68.9%) patients received treatment for recurrent ICC, while 117(31.1%) received best supportive care(BSC). Among patients who received treatment for recurrent disease, therapy consisted of systemic chemotherapy only(49.4%), repeat liver-directed therapy (25.9%), or systemic chemotherapy+liver-directed therapy(24.7%). Repeat liver-directed therapy consisted of repeat hepatic resection±ablation(30.5%), ablation alone (21.4%), and intra-arterial therapy(IAT)(48.1%). Among patients who recurred, median survival from the time of the recurrence was 11.0 months(BSC-7.7 months, systemic chemotherapy only-10.0 months, liver-directed therapy-18.0 months). The median survival of patients undergoing resection of recurrent ICC was 26.7 months versus 7.6 months for patients who had IAT(P<0.001). Conclusions: Recurrence following resection of ICC is common, occurring in up to two-thirds of patients. When recurrence occurs, prognosis is poor. In well-selected patients with liver only recurrence, resection+chemotherapy may offer a modest survival benefit.
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Cohen, Alysia, Samantha McDonald, Kerry McIver, Russell Pate, and Stewart Trost. "Assessing Physical Activity During Youth Sport: The Observational System for Recording Activity in Children: Youth Sports." Pediatric Exercise Science 26, no. 2 (2014): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0095.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and interrater reliability of the Observational System for Recording Activity in Children: Youth Sports (OSRAC:YS). Children (N = 29) participating in a parks and recreation soccer program were observed during regularly scheduled practices. Physical activity (PA) intensity and contextual factors were recorded by momentary time-sampling procedures (10-second observe, 20-second record). Two observers simultaneously observed and recorded children’s PA intensity, practice context, social context, coach behavior, and coach proximity. Interrater reliability was based on agreement (Kappa) between the observer’s coding for each category, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for percent of time spent in MVPA. Validity was assessed by calculating the correlation between OSRAC:YS estimated and objectively measured MVPA. Kappa statistics for each category demonstrated substantial to almost perfect interobserver agreement (Kappa = 0.67−0.93). The ICC for percent time in MVPA was 0.76 (95% C.I. = 0.49−0.90). A significant correlation (r = .73) was observed for MVPA recorded by observation and MVPA measured via accelerometry. The results indicate the OSRAC:YS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring children’s PA and contextual factors during a youth soccer practice.
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Bučar Pajek, Maja, Ivan Čuk, Jernej Pajek, Marjeta Kovač, and Bojan Leskošek. "Is the Quality of Judging in Women Artistic Gymnastics Equivalent at Major Competitions of Different Levels?" Journal of Human Kinetics 37, no. 1 (2013): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0038.
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In the present study, the reliability and validity of judging at the European championship in Berlin 2011 were analysed and the results were compared to a different level gymnastic competition - Universiade 2009 in Belgrade. For reliability and consistency assessment, mean absolute judge deviation from final execution score, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, intra-class correlations (ICC) and Armor’s theta coefficient were calculated. For validity assessment mean deviations of judges’ scores, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W and ANOVA eta-squared values were used. For Berlin 2011 in general Cronbach’s alpha was above 0.95, minima of item-total correlations were above 0.8, and the ICC of average scores and Armor’s theta were above 0.94. Comparison with Universiade 2009 identified vault and floor scores at both competitions to have inferior reliability indices. At both competitions average deviations of judges from the final E score were close to zero (p=0.84) but Berlin 2011 competition showed a higher number of apparatuses with significant Kendall’s W (5 vs. 2 for Universiade 2009) and higher eta-squared values indicating higher judge panel bias in all-round and apparatus finals. In conclusion, the quality of judging was comparable at examined gymnastics competitions of different levels. Further work must be done to analyse the inferior results at vault and floor apparatuses.
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Gennuso, Keith P., Charles E. Matthews, and Lisa H. Colbert. "Reliability and Validity of 2 Self-Report Measures to Assess Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 5 (2015): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0546.
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Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of 2 currently available physical activity surveys for assessing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults.Methods:Fifty-eight adults (≥65 years) completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey for Older Adults (YPAS) and Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) before and after a 10-day period during which they wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) examined test-retest reliability. Overall percent agreement and a kappa statistic examined YPAS validity. Lin’s concordance correlation, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis examined CHAMPS validity.Results:Both surveys had moderate test-retest reliability (ICC: YPAS = 0.59 (P < .001), CHAMPS = 0.64 (P < .001)) and significantly underestimated SB time. Agreement between YPAS and ACC was low (κ = −0.0003); however, there was a linear increase (P < .01) in ACC-derived SB time across YPAS response categories. There was poor agreement between ACC-derived SB and CHAMPS (Lin’s r = .005; 95% CI, −0.010 to 0.020), and no linear trend across CHAMPS quartiles (P = .53).Conclusions:Neither of the surveys should be used as the sole measure of SB in a study; though the YPAS has the ability to rank individuals, providing it with some merit for use in correlational SB research.
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Galetovic, Alexander, and Kirti Gupta. "The case of the missing royalty stacking in the world mobile wireless industry." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 3 (2020): 827–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz074.
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Abstract We build an equilibrium royalty stacking model that links the number of standard-essential patent (SEP) holders with the equilibrium quantity, price and cumulative royalty. We show that all observable implications of the theory are inconsistent with the data from the world mobile wireless industry. In this industry, the number of SEP holders grew from 2 in 1994 to 130 in 2013. Royalty stacking theory predicts falling or stagnant output, rising selling prices, and rising or stagnant quality-adjusted prices. By contrast, between 1994 and 2013 worldwide yearly device sales grew 62-fold, at an average rate of 20.1% per year, and both selling and quality-adjusted prices fell fast over time. Controlling for technological generation, the real average selling price of a device fell between -11.4% and -24.8% per year. Similarly, under conservative parametrizations, royalty stacking theory predicts royalty yields, which are more than an order of magnitude larger than the observed average cumulative royalty yield charged by SEP holders in practice, which hovers between 3% and 3.5%. A theory based on Lerner and Tirole’s (2015, J. Political Econ., 123(3), 547–586) within-functionality competition yields observable implications consistent with the observed facts. If all the technologies protected by SEPs have meaningful substitutes that cap the royalty that any SEP holder can charge, then the cumulative royalty is independent of demand parameters in the downstream market and can be as low as the observed average cumulative royalty yield. Moreover, if the product market is competitive and technological progress is fast, then prices follow costs, quality-adjusted prices protractedly fall, and sales grow fast.
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Bormann, Fabian, Wolfgang Wild, Hüseyin Aksoy, Pius Dörr, Sanja Schmeck, and Matthias Schwarzbach. "A Pancreatic Head Tumor Arising as a Duodenal GIST: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/420295.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that originate from theintestinal cells of Cajal(ICC) (Fletcher et al., 2002). Only a few cases have been described with extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (Kim et al., 2012; Soufi et al., 2013; Meng et al., 2011). They are often diagnosed as a pancreatic head tumor as they are very difficult to relate to the duodenum with CT, MRI, or ultrasound. We present a case of a sixty-four-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and cardialgia for a follow-up examination after breast cancer surgery. On laparotomy there was a 3 × 5 cm hypervascular mass arising from the pancreatic head with macroscopically no attachment to the duodenum. The patient underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) modified after Traverso-Longmire, histopathology proved a duodenal GIST. This case proves that duodenal GISTs can grow invasively into the pancreas and appear as solid pancreas head tumor; therefore, these tumors should be included into differential diagnosis.
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Levin, Gregory T., Paul B. Laursen, and Chris R. Abbiss. "Reliability of Physiological Attributes and Their Association With Stochastic Cycling Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 2 (2014): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0048.
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Purpose:To assess the reliability of a 5-min-stage graded exercise test (GXT) and determine the association between physiological attributes and performance over stochastic cycling trials of varying distance.Methods:Twenty-eight well-trained male cyclists performed 2 GXTs and either a 30-km (n = 17) or a 100-km stochastic cycling time trial (n = 9). Stochastic cycling trials included periods of high-intensity efforts for durations of 250 m, 1 km, or 4 km depending on the test being performing.Results:Maximal physiological attributes were found to be extremely reliable (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]: coefficient of variation [CV] 3.0%, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] .911; peak power output [PPO]: CV 3.0%, ICC .913), but a greater variability was found in ventilatory thresholds and economy. All physiological variables measured during the GXT, except economy at 200 W, were correlated with 30-km cycling performance. Power output during the 250-m and 1-km efforts of the 30-km trial were correlated with VO2max, PPO, and the power output at the second ventilatory threshold (r = .58–.82). PPO was the only physiological attributed measured during the GXT to be correlated with performance during the 100-km cycling trial (r = .64).Conclusions:Many physiological variables from a reliable GXT were associated with performance over shorter (30-km) but not longer (100-km) stochastic cycling trials.
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Suzuki, Bunya. "Preparing Team-Taught Lessons Through a Model of ICC Development." JALT2018—Diversity and Inclusion 2018, no. 1 (2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2018-04.
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In this paper I reflect on applying a model of ICC (intercultural communication competence) development (Brown, 2013) towards preparing team-taught classes and conducting lessons between assistant language teachers (ALTs) and Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) for 1st-year junior high school (JHS) students and discuss its implications for professional development. After summarizing the background and four levels of this model, I will clarify how and why this model was applied to create team-taught lessons. I will then describe the teachers’ reflections on their work from interviews, which indicated the overall satisfaction of both ALTs and JTEs. This was accomplished by their going beyond their cultural differences, recognizing each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and helping each other. However, disagreement over time management and lesson aims became evident due to a difference in the number of lessons they taught and in their professional status, which is a practical issue beyond the scope of this model. 本稿は、東京のある中学校にて外国語指導助手（ALT）と日本人英語教諭（JTE）のチームワークにおいてICC（異文化コミュニケーション能力）の発展モデル（Brown, 2013）を授業準備と実践に用いたことを振り返り、教員養成への示唆を論じる。まずこのモデルの背景と4つのレベルをまとめ、このモデルをどのように、なぜ、中学1年生のチームティーチングの授業作成に用いたかを明らかにする。次にALTとJTEへのインタビューを基に準備と実践を振り返る。それによると、双方ともお互いの文化の違いを乗り越え、お互いの強みと弱みを認識し助け合えたことに全体的な満足感を示していたが、授業の時間管理と目的において意見の相違が見られた。ALTとJTEの参加する授業回数や雇用体系の違いといった、このモデルの範囲外となる実務的な問題がこの懸念の原因となっていた。
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Shridhar, Ravi, Jessica M. Frakes, Binglin Yue, et al. "Phase II study of first-line radioembolization with yttrium-90 glass microspheres for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (2017): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.482.
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482 Background: The standard of care for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is systemic chemotherapy. The role of liver directed therapy for ICC is controversial given the lack of level I data. We conducted a phase II study to determine the safety and effectiveness of first-line liver directed therapy with radioembolization with yttrium-90 (Y90) glass microspheres for ICC. Methods: Eligible patients were enrolled on an IRB-approved phase II study (NCT01253148). Patients were included if they had no evidence of extrahepatic metastases, Childs-Pugh A, without main portal vein thrombus, bilirubin < 2 mg/dL, ECOG performance status of 0-2, and no prior chemotherapy, liver embolization, or radiation therapy for ICC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled between 2010 and 2013 with a median followup of 13 months (9-20 months). The median age was 76 years. Twenty patients came off study due to progression or death. The overall response rate was 56%. Median PFS was 6 months (95% CI: 4-12 months). This was likely due to tumors appearing larger after treatment due to tumor inflammation despite a decrease in CA19-9 levels. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA) failed to identify any prognostic factors associated with PFS. Despite the low median PFS, median OS was 22 months (95% CI: 10 months to upper limit not reached). However, UVA and MVA failed to identify and prognostic factors for OS. Treatment was well tolerated with no reported grade 3 gastrointestinal or general disorder toxicities. Grade 3 ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase increase were reported in 4%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. Grade 4 hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia were reported in 4% and 4%, respectively. There were 2 patient who developed sepsis one patient who died within 30 days of treatment. Conclusions: First-line liver directed therapy with radioembolization with Y90 glass microspheres is a safe and effective treatment for ICC. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to identify the proper sequencing of liver directed therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01253148.
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Han, Bing, Deborah A. Cohen, Kathryn Pitkin Derose, Terence Marsh, Stephanie Williamson, and Laura Raaen. "Validation of a New Counter for Direct Observation of Physical Activity in Parks." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 2 (2016): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0592.
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Purpose:This study aims to examine the reliability of a 12-button counter to simultaneously assess physical activity (PA) by age and gender subgroups in park settings.Methods:A total of 1,160 pairs of observations were conducted in 481 target areas of 19 neighborhood parks in the great Los Angeles, California, area between June 2013 and March 2014. Interrater reliability was assessed by Pearson’s correlation, intra-class correlation (ICC), and agreement probability in metabolic equivalents (METs). Cosine similarity was used to check the resemblance of distributions among age and gender categories. Pictures taken in a total of 112 target areas at the beginning of the observations were used as a second reliability check.Results:Interrater reliability was high for the total METs and METs in all age and gender categories (between 0.82 and 0.97), except for male seniors (correlations and ICC between 0.64 and 0.77, agreement probability 0.85 to 0.86). Reliability was higher for total METs than for METs spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Correlation and ICC between observers’ measurement and picture-based counts are also high (between 0.79 and 0.94).Conclusion:Trained observers can reliably use the 12-button counter to accurately assess PA distribution and disparities by age and gender.
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Gibbons, Robert. "March-ing toward organizational economics." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 1 (2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz064.
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Abstract I was a student of Jim March’s in 1983, meaning that I took a mandatory 10-week doctoral class on organization theory from him that changed my life. And I have been a student of Jim’s ever since, meaning that I have tried to keep learning from Jim’s ideas—about organizations and about life. During the course and for over a decade afterwards, most of my academic learning from Jim was about how disciplines other than economics think about organizations. More recently, I have tried to discern how the roots of my own field, organizational economics, often involve Jim. This note focuses on the latter, especially informed by precious summer discussions from 2013 to 2018.1
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Nakitto, Saidat. "South Africa’s Exercise of Universal Jurisdiction." International Human Rights Law Review 3, no. 1 (2014): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00301005.
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On 27 November 2013 the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa affirmed the decision of the High Court that South Africa’s Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 2002 (icc Act) empowered South African officials to initiate investigations into crimes against humanity committed in Zimbabwe in the absence of the perpetrators in South Africa. This decision was in response to the true interpretation of section 4(3)(c) of the icc Act providing for universal jurisdiction. This paper examines the judgment of this Court, arguing that though customary international law is silent on the requirement for presence of the perpetrators for initiation of investigation, the Court should have given proper examination of this section by taking into consideration of the previous presence of some of the perpetrators in South Africa after the alleged crimes were committed.
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Kopcakova, Jaroslava, Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska, Michal Kalman, et al. "Test–Retest Reliability of a Questionnaire on Motives for Physical Activity among Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207551.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of the motives for undertaking physical activity (PA) items from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study questionnaire among Slovak and Czech adolescents and to determine whether this reliability differs by gender, age group and country. We obtained data from 580 students aged 11 and 15 years old (51.2% boys) who participated in a test and retest study with a four-week interval in 2013 via the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children cross-sectional study in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. We estimated the test–retest reliability of all 13 dichotomized motives by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and Cohen’s Kappa statistics, for continuous and dichotomized motives, respectively. Test–retest reliability showed moderate agreement for nine motives (ICC from 0.41 to 0.60) and fair agreement for four motives (ICC from 0.33 to 0.40). Kappa statistics were similarly moderate to large (0.33 to 0.61), except for three motives with small or trivial correlations. The motives “To improve my health” and “To enjoy the feeling of using my body” had consistently low Kappas and correlations. Overall, the results of this study suggest that most questions on motives for PA on the HBSC questionnaire have acceptable test–retest characteristics for use among adolescents.
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Kore, Markus, Gondo Mastutik, and Sjahjenny Mustokoweni. "Genotype of human papilloma virus in invasive cervical carcinoma at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 25, no. 2 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v25i22017.33-40.
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Objectives: To identify the variants of genotype HPV that most often found in ICC at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya.Materials and Methods: This was an explorative study with cross sectional approach. Specimens used were 30 formalin fix parrafin embedded from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AD) dan adenosquamous carcinoma (AS) cervival cancer parients at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya around Januari-Desember 2013, then used for DNA virus extraction and continued for PCR and HPV genotyping.Result : The result of HPV genotyping showed 10 positives from SCC, 6 positives and 4 negatives from AD, and 9 positives and 1 negative from AS. HPV infections in SCC were single infection by HPV 16, 18, 45, 56, and multiple infection by HPV 16+45, in AD were single infection by HPV 16,18, anad multiple infection by HPVhr+hr 68b+72 and HPVlr+hr 6+18+45, and in AS were single infection by HPVhr 16, 18, 45 and mutiple infection by HPV lr+hr 6+59.Conclusion : Infections HPV in ICC were single infection by HPV16, 18, 45, 56 and mutiple infection by HPV16+45, 68b+72, 6+18+45, 6+59. HPV 18 has highest prevalence in ICC patient from Dr Soetomo Hospital, followed by HPV16, 6, 45, 56, 59.
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Guex, Kenny, Chantal Daucourt, and Stéphane Borloz. "Validity and Reliability of Maximal-Strength Assessment of Knee Flexors and Extensors Using Elastic Bands." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 2 (2015): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0131.
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Context:In the field of sport rehabilitation, an easy, valid, and reliable assessment of maximal strength is crucial for efficient muscle rehabilitation. Classically, it is performed on fitness equipment that is not necessary available in the field. Thera-Band has developed elastic bands with different resistances depending on the color of the band and on the percentage of its stretch. This may allow testing maximal strength.Objective:To determine validity and reliability of maximal-strength assessment of knee flexors and extensors using elastic bands.Design:Reliability and validity study.Participants:22 healthy participants (31.3 ± 7.0 y, 175.5 ± 8.5 cm, 70.7 ± 12.9 kg).Intervention:Participants performed 2 maximal-strength assessments, separated by 7 d, of the knee flexors and extensors using elastic bands. After the 2nd trial, a maximal concentric isokinetic test at 60°/s was performed.Main Outcome Measures:Correlations between 1-repetition maximum using elastic bands and peak torque on an isokinetic dynamometer were used to determine the validity of the proposed method, while ICC, CV, and SEM were used to determine reliability between the 1st and 2nd trials.Results:The validity of the proposed method was found to be very high (r = .93 for both knee flexors and extensors). The relative reliability was found to be very high (ICC = .98 and .99 for knee flexors and extensors, respectively), while absolute reliability was also very satisfying (CV = 3.44% and 2.33%; SEM = 1.70 and 2.16 kg for knee flexors and extensors, respectively).Conclusions:Thera-Band is a valid and reliable alternative to the use of fitness equipment to test maximal strength of the knee flexors and extensors in healthy subjects. The ease of use, accessibility, and low cost of elastic bands should allow regular assessment during the rehabilitation process.
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Pollicino, Oreste. "From Partial to Full Dialogue with Luxembourg: The Last Cooperative Step of the Italian Constitutional Court." European Constitutional Law Review 10, no. 1 (2014): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019614001084.
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The year 2013 will be remembered as a very good year for the evolution of the judicial conversation between the Court of Justice and the constitutional courts of the member states. This is true at least with regard to the particular form of judicial cooperation that may be considered the institutional channel of dialogue between the Luxembourg Court and national judges: the preliminary ruling mechanism. In 2013 the French Conseil Constitutionnel for the first time in its history sent a request for a preliminary ruling to the ECJ and the latter answered the first preliminary ruling sought in 2011 by the Spanish Tribunal Constitucional. Moreover, the Italian Corte Costituzionale decided for the first time to raise a preliminary reference to the Luxembourg judges in the context of incidenter proceedings. This represents a second step, following an initial one taken in 2008 in so called direct proceedings. The new judicial path of the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) is in line with the new season of cooperative constitutionalism in Europe.