Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ice crystals

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ice crystals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ice crystals"

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Furukawa, Yoshinori. "Ice Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 10 (2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100540.

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The special issue on “Ice Crystals” includes seven contributed papers, which give the wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. They focus on the interface structure of ice, the physical properties of hydrate crystals and the freezing properties of water controlled by antifreeze proteins. The present issue can be considered as a status report reviewing the research that has been made recently on ice crystals. These papers provide research information about the recent development of ice crystal research to readers.
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Svensson, Anders, Karen G. Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, et al. "Properties of ice crystals in NorthGRIP late- to middle-Holocene ice." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815636.

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AbstractDetailed measurements of crystal outlines and fabrics have been performed on 35 000 crystals in fifteen 10 × 20 cm2 vertical thin sections from the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) ice core, evenly distributed in the depth interval 115–880m. The crystals exhibit important changes over this period. As the ice gets older the mean crystal area increases towards a constant value, the shape of the crystals becomes increasingly irregular, and the area distribution of crystals develops from a single log-normal distribution into a bimodal lognormal distribution. The c-axis fabric of the ice shows a smooth development of an increasingly stronger vertical fabric with depth, and the formation of a weak vertical girdle. Already in the younger samples the fabric is rather strongly oriented towards vertical. The fabric and the area of individual crystals are found not to correlate. A simple model, which takes into account the vertical strain of the ice, is applied in an attempt to determine the crystal growth rate at NorthGRIP.
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Zheng, Ouyang, Li Zhang, Qinxiu Sun, and Shucheng Liu. "Basic Theory of Ice Crystallization Based on Water Molecular Structure and Ice Structure." Foods 13, no. 17 (2024): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13172773.

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Freezing storage is the most common method of food preservation and the formation of ice crystals during freezing has an important impact on food quality. The water molecular structure, mechanism of ice crystal formation, and ice crystal structure are elaborated in the present review. Meanwhile the methods of ice crystal characterization are outlined. It is concluded that the distribution of the water molecule cluster structure during the crystallization process directly affects the formed ice crystals’ structure, but the intrinsic relationship needs to be further investigated. The morphology and distribution of ice crystals can be observed by experimental methods while simulation methods provide the possibility to study the molecular structure changes in water and ice crystals. It is hoped that this review will provide more information about ice crystallization and promote the control of ice crystals in frozen foods.
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Murray, Benjamin J., Christoph G. Salzmann, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Steven Dobbie, Ryan R. Neely, and Christopher J. Cox. "Trigonal Ice Crystals in Earth’s Atmosphere." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 9 (2015): 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00128.1.

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Abstract We are all familiar with the hexagonal shape of snow and ice crystals, and it is well established that their sixfold symmetry is derived from the arrangement of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal structure. However, atmospheric ice crystals with only threefold rotational symmetry are often observed, which is inconsistent with the hexagonal crystal structure of ordinary ice. These crystals are found in a wide range of different cloud types ranging from upper-tropospheric cirrus to contrails and diamond dust and they form at temperatures ranging from about −84° to −5°C. Recent experimental studies of ice crystal structures have shown that ice under a wide range of atmospheric conditions does not always conform to the standard hexagonal crystal structure. Instead, sequences of the hexagonal structure can be interlaced with cubic sequences to create stacking-disordered ice. This degrades the symmetry of the crystal structure so that, instead of having a hexagonal structure, they have a trigonal structure with a corresponding threefold symmetry. Hence, this implies that atmospheric ice crystals with threefold symmetry are made of stacking-disordered ice. We conclude that the presence of trigonal crystals in the atmosphere is consistent with rare Parry arc halos and also show that they have distinct radiative properties compared with hexagonal ice.
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ZHANG, Lifen, Jianhui ZHAO, Bangtuo YU, Yaguo LYU, and Zhenxia LIU. "Numerical study of ice crystal movement and melting in rotating blade channels." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 42, no. 6 (2024): 987–95. https://doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20244260987.

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The motion and melting characteristics of ice crystals in the rotating blade channel are investigated. Firstly, the method of calculating local collection coefficient is proposed for rotating parts. Secondly, the numerical simulation of ice crystal movement and melting in the rotating blade channel is carried out to analyze the influence of ice crystal geometry parameters and working condition changes on the ice crystal impact location and ice crystal melting rate. The results show: ① the collection coefficient of ice crystal at the leading edge of the blade is the highest, the trailing edge of the pressure surface is also the area where the ice crystal may impact, while the root of the blade is less affected by centrifugal force; ② the larger the ice crystal content, the larger the collection rate of ice crystal at the same position on the blade surface; the larger the ice crystal diameter, the larger the collection rate of ice crystal at the suction surface, the smaller the collection rate of ice crystal at the pressure surface; the higher the non-spherical degree of ice crystal, the more likely the ice crystal will impact on the pressure surface; the higher the non-sphericity of ice crystals, the easier it is for the ice crystals to impact on the pressure surface; when the rotational speed decreases, the ice crystals are more likely to impact on the suction surface, and the impact area is also larger and closer to the blade root; ③ The melting ice crystals impacting on the pressure surface are more widely distributed, and the pressure surface is more prone to ice crystal adhesion and freezing than the suction surface; while, there are also melted ice crystals on the suction surface near the trailing edge, where ice crystals may also adhere; the larger the ice crystal content, the larger the diameter, the larger the non-sphericity, and when the rotational speed increases, the melting rate of ice crystals decreases.
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K Schmidt, Karen Guldbæ, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen. "An ice crystal model for Jupiter’s moon Europa." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815735.

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AbstractA simple model for crystal growth in the ice shell of Europa has been made in order to estimate the size of ice crystals at Europa’s surface. If mass is lost from the surface of Europa due to sputtering processes, and the ice thickness is constant in time, ice crystals will be transported upwards in the ice shell. The crystals will therefore grow under varying conditions through the shell. The model predicts that ice crystals are 4 cm– 80 m across at the surface. For the preferred parameter values, a crystal size of the order of 7 m is calculated.
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Sheridan, Lindsay M., Jerry Y. Harrington, Dennis Lamb, and Kara Sulia. "Influence of Ice Crystal Aspect Ratio on the Evolution of Ice Size Spectra during Vapor Depositional Growth." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 12 (2009): 3732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3113.1.

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Abstract The relationship among aspect ratio, initial size, and the evolution of the size spectrum is explored for ice crystals growing by vapor deposition. Ice crystal evolution is modeled based on the growth of spheroids, and the ice size spectrum is predicted using a model that is Lagrangian in crystal size and aspect ratio. A dependence of crystal aspect ratio on initial size is discerned: more exaggerated shapes are shown to result when the initial crystals are small, whereas more isometric shapes are found to result from initially large crystals. This result is due to the nature of the vapor gradients in the vicinity of the crystal surface. The more rapid growth of the smaller crystals is shown to produce a period during which the size distribution narrows, followed by a broadening led by the initially smallest crystals. The degree of broadening is shown to depend strongly on the primary habit and hence temperature.
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Adams, Edward E., and Daniel A. Miller. "Ice crystals grown from vapor onto an orientated substrate: application to snow depth-hoar development and gas inclusions in lake ice." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 164 (2003): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830953.

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AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted in which new ice crystals were nucleated from the vapor phase onto large existing ice crystals obtained from Antarctic lake ice. Flat, smooth ice-crystal surfaces were prepared, with c axes oriented either vertically or horizontally. When these were subjected to a supersaturated vapor environment, multiple individual crystals nucleated onto the substrates adopting the same crystallographic orientation as the parent. A dominant grain-growth scenario for kinetic-growth metamorphism in snow, which in some ways is analogous to the oriented morphologies in lake ice, is hypothesized. In the lake-ice-growth scenario, optimally oriented crystals will grow at the expense of those less preferentially positioned.The proposed dominant grain-growth theory for snow is in agreement with the observed decrease in the number of grains and the proximal similarity of crystal habit in kinetic-growth metamorphism in snow. Similarly, kinetic crystal growth on the interior of gas inclusions in Antarctic lake ice will also acquire the crystallographic orientation of the substrate ice. These small-faceted interior crystals significantly influence light scattering and penetration in the lake-ice cover.
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Mo, Jingyi, Robert D. Groot, Graham McCartney, et al. "Ice Crystal Coarsening in Ice Cream during Cooling: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment." Crystals 9, no. 6 (2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060321.

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Ice cream is a complex multi-phase structure and its perceived quality is closely related to the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the quantitative coarsening behaviour of ice crystals will help manufacturers optimise ice cream formulations and processing. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, we measured the time-dependent coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of ice crystals in ice cream during cooling at 0.05 °C/min. The results show ice crystal coarsening is highly temperature dependent, being rapid from ca. −6 to −12 °C but significantly slower at lower temperatures. We developed a numerical model, based on established coarsening theory, to calculate the relationship between crystal diameter, cooling rate and the weight fraction of sucrose in solution. The ice crystal diameters predicted by the model are found to agree well with the measured values if matrix diffusion is assumed to be slowed by a factor of 1.2 due to the presence of stabilizers or high molecular weight sugars in the ice cream formulation.
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New, William H. "Ice Crystals." Journal of Modern Literature 23, no. 3 (2000): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jml.2000.0013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ice crystals"

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Bacon, Neil J. "Laboratory studies of the growth, sublimation, and light-scattering properties of single levitated ice particles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9735.

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Baker, Kristina M. Verlinde Johannes. "Microwave scattering from melting ice crystals." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4465/index.html.

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Slaughterbeck, Clifford R. "Force microscopy of ice surfaces /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9670.

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Siow, Lee Fong, and n/a. "Cryostability of large unilamellar vesicles in relation to the effect of cryoprotective agents on ice matrix." University of Otago. Department of Food Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.110706.

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Freeze-injury at the plasma membrane level has been identified as being crucial for the survival of living matter. Since plasma membranes consist of several micro domains that make the structure rather complex, this study attempted to use simple model membranes to investigate the changes of phospholipid bilayers at sub-zero temperatures. Egg yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) that mimic plasma membranes in their unique ways were used to prepare large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), which were the model membranes of this study. At cooling rates of 0.5 and 10�C/min, LUV were freeze-concentrated in the unfrozen matrix as a result of the advancing extraliposomal ice front and the decreasing phase volume of the unfrozen matrix, both of which led to membrane lesion. At the slow cooling rate of 0.5�C/min, an additional freezing stress imposed by the osmotic gradient across the bilayers, due to the increase of solute concentration in the unfrozen matrix, promoted leakage of LUV. The gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of phospholipids played an important role in determining if the LUV could withstand freezing stress when the LUV were held at a defined sub-zero temperature for a given period of holding time. EPC LUV were more leaky than DPPC LUV when they were held at the high sub-zero temperatures and their leakage increased with increasing holding time. The leakiness of EPC LUV could be related to the fluid and deformable nature of the EPC above its phase transition temperature. In contrast, DPPC LUV with a higher gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature compared to EPC may become increasingly fragile at lower sub-zero temperatures, which led to the increase of leakage when the DPPC LUV were held at the lower sub-zero temperatures. These results indicated that the determination of the fatty acid profile of the plasma membranes was essential to aid in developing the most suitable holding temperature and time during the cryopreservation of biological specimens. Adding to the integrity of LUV that depended on the gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of phospholipids, intraliposomal ice formation also depended on the phase transition temperature of phospholipids. Intraliposomal ice formation was only observed for DPPC LUV but not for EPC LUV. In addition to the extraliposomal ice formation, other physical changes such as the eutectic crystallization of sodium chloride (NaCl) and ice mixture on the stability of LUV were also investigated. The eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture was governed by the intra- and extraliposomal distribution of NaCl and was more likely to occur at the physiological NaCl concentrations compared to lower NaCl concentrations. The eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture further increased the leakage of LUV. The understanding of the freezing behaviour and the mechanisms of freeze-injury of LUV allowed the use of the current model membranes for further investigations of the cryoprotective actions of cryoprotective agents (CPA). Partial phase diagrams of sugar-salt-water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-salt-water and ethylene glycol (EG)-salt-water systems that resembled extraliposomal solute compositions were constructed and the phase volume of ice and unfrozen matrix was estimated from the freezing curves. Ice reduction was the major mechanism by which the non-permeable and permeable CPA protected the LUV from freeze-injury. Other cryoprotective mechanisms of the non-permeable and permeable CPA through the dilution and spacing out of the LUV in the unfrozen matrix as well as the suppression of the eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture were not ruled out. Non-permeable CPA were more effective in preventing leakage of DPPC than EPC LUV. Unlike the non-permeable CPA, permeable CPA were more effective for EPC than DPPC LUV that had been subjected to freezing and thawing processes. At room temperature, however, DMSO and EG were detrimental to the stability of DPPC LUV. The choice of CPA is strictly dependent on the type of phospholipids that varied in their acyl chain length and phase transition temperature. In summary, this study provides insights of the freeze-injury of LUV and the cryoprotective mechanisms of the non-permeable and permeable CPA which are beneficial to the field of cryopreservation that often depends on empirical trial and error methods. By integrating a comprehensive molecular-based understanding, an optimal cryopreservation procedure could be designed.
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Newyear, Karl D. "A comparison of theory with laboratory and field observations of wave propagation in grease ice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11057.

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Ritter, Georg. "The growth and morphology of small ice crystals in a diffusion chamber." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16329.

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Small water ice crystals are the main component of cold tropospheric clouds such as cirrus. Because these clouds cover large areas of our planet, their role in the radiation budget of incoming and outgoing radiation to the planet's surface is important. At present, the representation of these clouds in climate and weather models is subject to improvements: a large part of the uncertainty error stems from the lack of precise micro-physical and radiation model schemes for ice crystal clouds. To improve the cloud representations, a better understanding of the life time dynamics of the clouds and their composition is necessary, comprising a detailed understanding of the ice particle genesis, and development over their lifetime. It is especially important to understand how the development of ice crystals over time is linked to the changes in observable variables such as water vapour content and temperature and how they change the light scattering properties of the crystals. Recent remote and aircraft based in-situ measurements have shown that many ice particles show a light scattering behaviour typical for crystals having rough surfaces or being of complex geometrical shapes. The aim of this thesis was to develop the experimental setup and experiments to investigate this further by studying the surface morphology of small water ice crystals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experiments I developed study the growth of water ice crystals inside an SEM chamber under controlled environmental conditions. The influence of water vapour supersaturation, pressure and temperature is investigated. I demonstrate how to retrieve the surface topology from observed crystals for use as input to computational light scattering codes to derive light scattering phase functions and asymmetry parameters, which can be used as input into atmospheric models. Difficulties with the method for studying the growth of water ice crystals, such as the effect of the electron beam-gas ionization and charging effects, the problem of facilitating repeated and localized ice growth, and the effect of radiative influences on the crystal growth are discussed. A broad set of nucleation target materials is studied. In a conclusion, I demonstrate that the method is suitable to study the surface morphologies, but is experimentally very challenging and many precautions must be taken, such as imaging only once and preventing radiative heat exchange between the chamber walls and the crystals to avoid unwanted effects on the crystal morphology. It is also left as a question if a laboratory experiment, where crystals will need to be grown in connection to a substrate, can represent the real world well enough. Deriving the required light scattering data in-situ might be an alternative, easier way to collect data for modelling use.
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Zhang, Zhibo. "Computation of the scattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1267.

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This thesis is made up of three parts on the computation of scattering properties of nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. In the first part, a new crystal type-droxtal-is introduced to make a better representation of the shape of small ice crystals in the uppermost portions of midlatitude and tropical cirrus clouds. Scattering properties of droxtal ice crystals are investigated by using the Improved-Geometric Optic (IGO) method. At the visible wavelength, due to the presence of the hexagonal structure, all elements of the phase matrix of droxtal ice crystals share some common features with hexagonal ice crystals, such as 220 and 460 halos. In the second part of this thesis, the possibility of enhancing the performance of current Anomalous Diffraction Theory (ADT) is investigated. In conventional ADT models, integrations are usually carried out in the domain of the particle projection. By transforming the integration domain to the domain of scaled projectile length, the algorithm of conventional ADT models is enhanced. Because the distribution of scaled projectile length is independent of the particle's physical size as long as the shape remains the same, the new algorithm is especially efficient for the calculation of a large number of particles with the same shape but different sizes. Finally, in the third part, the backscattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals at the 94GHz frequency are studied by employing the Finite-Difference Time- Domain (FDTD) method. The most important factor that controls the backscattering cross section is found to be the ratio of the volume-equal radius to the maximum dimension of the ice crystal. Substantial differences in backscattering cross sections are found between horizontal orientated and randomly oriented ice crystals. An analytical formula is derived for the relationship between the ice water (IWC) content and the radar reflectivity ( e Z ). It is shown that a change to the concentration of ice crystals without any changes on the size distribution or particle habits leads only to a linear e Z IWC - relationship. The famous power law e Z IWC - relationship is the result of the shift of the peak of particle size distribution.
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Bacer, Sara [Verfasser]. "Global numerical simulations of atmospheric ice crystals / Sara Bacer." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187868744/34.

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Tymkovych, M. Y., О. Г. Аврунін, O. Gryshkov, K. G. Selivanova, V. Mutsenko, and B. Glasmacher. "Multiscale quantitative analysis of microscopic images of ice crystals." Thesis, The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/9879.

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It was analyzed multiple images. The results in the first approximation show a 2-fold increase in speed when using our implementation of active contours. At the same time, the segmented areas of crystals correspond to the approach without the use of multi-scale image representation.
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Thorsteinsson, Throstur. "Anisotropy of ice Ih : development of fabric and effects of anisotropy on deformation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6844.

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Books on the topic "Ice crystals"

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Dorland, Frank. Holy ice: Bridge to the subconscious. Galde Press, 1992.

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Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn. Textures and fabrics in the GRIP ice core, in relation to climate history and ice deformation. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The effects of small ice crystals on the infrared radiative properties of cirrus clouds. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Emoto, Masaru. The hidden messages in water. Beyond Words Pub., 2004.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. General equations for the motions of ice crystals and water drops in gravitational and electric fields. Institut d'aeronomie spatiale de Belgique, 1988.

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Hallett, John. Final report, nucleation and growth of crystals under cirrus and polar stratospheric cloud conditions (NASA grant no. NAG-W-2572. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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W, Sommer Anton F., Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, and Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, eds. (1) Strena, sive, De nive sexangula (1611) ; (2) Sidereus nuncius (1653) ; (3) Dialogus de calendario gregoriano (1726). Im Selbstverlag, 2006.

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Joyce, Chou, Welch Ronald M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Relationship between cirrus particle size and cloud top temperature. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Joyce, Chou, Welch Ronald M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Relationship between cirrus particle size and cloud top temperature. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Jackson, Susan Margaret. The crystal structure of ice XI. University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ice crystals"

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Wilson, Eric G. "Crystals." In The Spiritual History of Ice. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981806_2.

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Borghese, Ferdinando, Paolo Denti, and Rosalba Saija. "Applications: Atmospheric Ice Crystals." In Physics of Earth and Space Environments. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05330-0_8.

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Pegg, David E. "Ice Crystals in Tissues and Organs." In The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_7.

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Shirai, Yoshihito, Kazuhiro Nakanishi, and Ryuichi Matsuno. "Ice Crystals Agglomerated in Freeze Concentration." In Developments in Food Engineering. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_123.

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Rahman, Anika T., Yasushi Ohyama, Sakae Tsuda, and Hidemasa Kondo. "Evaluation of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition of Ice-Binding Proteins by Monitoring Specific Ice Crystals." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_6.

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Mason, B. J. "The Nucleation and Growth of Ice Crystals." In Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm005p0226.

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Hallgren, R. E., and C. L. Hosler. "Preliminary Results on the Aggregation of Ice Crystals." In Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm005p0257.

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Macke, Andreas. "Spectral Variability of Light Scattering by Atmospheric Ice Crystals." In High Spectral Resolution Infrared Remote Sensing for Earth’s Weather and Climate Studies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84599-4_13.

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Nilamdeen, Shezad, and David Switchenko. "Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystals Growth in Turbofan Engines." In Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33845-8_22.

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Nilamdeen, Shezad, and David Switchenko. "Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystals Growth in Turbofan Engines." In Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64725-4_22-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ice crystals"

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Sikes, C. Steven, and Andrzej Wierzbicki. "Stereospecific and Nonspecific Inhibition of Mineral Scale and Ice Formation." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96155.

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Abstract Inhibitors of crystallization may be generally effective for a variety of mineral scales or in some cases may be selected for a narrower range of scales. Such generality and specificity of action may be understood in terms of stereospecific and nonspecific mechanisms of scale inhibition. By combining atomic force microscopy, molecular modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy, both stereospecific and nonspecific interactions of some inhibitors with calcite, calcium oxalate monohydrate, and ice were examined. The crystals were chosen as representative of strong ionic, hydrated ionic, and hydrogen-bonded lattices. Both stereospecific and nonspecific interactions were observed in each case. The strongest interactions of the adsorbate with the crystal surfaces were elucidated at the Å level with good agreement between experiment and theory. Such definition of the weaker interactions require more work, and in fact may be beyond the reach of current methodology. However, reasonable models of each of the interactions have been proposed.
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Tape, Walter. "Ice Crystals and Halos in Fairbanks, Alaska Ice Crystals and Halos at the South Pole." In Meteorological Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mo.1986.tha4.

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During low level halo displays ice crystals in the atmosphere were collected and photographed. The halos were also photographed. The observed crystal shapes are used as inputs for theoretical computer simulations of the halo displays. Input crystal orientations are chosen to produce halo simulations approximating the observed displays. Especially when the crystal samples are homogeneous, one can sometimes learn the falling modes of the crystals. Also, the observed crystals and halos provide a test of the simulation predictions.
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Neuteboom, Martin, Eric Fleurent-Wilson, and Jennifer Chalmers. "Comparison of Freeze-Out versus Grind-Out Ice Crystals for Generating Ice Accretion Using the ICE-MACR." In International Conference on Icing of Aircraft, Engines, and Structures. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1418.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the introduction of ice crystal icing certification requirements [<span class="xref">1</span>], icing facilities have played an important role in demonstrating compliance of aircraft air data probes, engine probes, and increasingly, of turbine engines. Most sea level engine icing facilities use the freezing-out of a water spray to simulate ice crystal icing conditions encountered at altitude by an aircraft in flight. However, there are notable differences in the ice particles created by freeze-out versus those observed at altitude [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>, <span class="xref">4</span>]. Freeze-out crystals are generally spherical as compared to altitude crystals which have variable crystalline shapes. Additionally, freeze-out particles may not completely freeze in their centres, creating a combination of super-cooled liquid and ice impacting engine hardware. An alternative method for generating ice crystals in a test facility is the grinding of ice blocks or cubes to create irregular shaped crystals. These grind-out particles have a different morphology to atmospheric crystals. but are fully glaciated and their irregular shapes may better approximate the fracture dynamics of atmospheric crystals when impacting engine hardware. The National Research Council (NRC), in collaboration with Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA), have studied the differences between using freeze-out generated ice crystals and grind-out ice crystals to generate ice accretion in a compressor rig: the ice-crystal environment-modular axial compressor rig (ICE-MACR) in the NRC’s altitude icing wind tunnel (AIWT). Comparison of the freestream ice crystal morphologies is presented as well as the fractured particle characteristics downstream of a two-stage compressor within the compressor annulus. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made of the accretion behaviour resulting from the two ice-crystal generating methods. It was found that while particle morphology differs considerably between freeze-out and grind-out before rotor impact, fractured particle size and accretion within the rig was similar for both methods for the limited range of overlapping conditions that could be produced in the test facility.</div></div>
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4

Li, Z. M., and X. F. Peng. "Mutation Growth of Ice Crystal During Frost Formation." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56298.

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Frost formation on flat cold surfaces was experimentally investigated, particularly the dynamic process was visually observed. During test runs, a plastic film was used to separate the cold surface from moist air, and formation of ice crystals was observed using microscope visualization technique as the film was removed and the cold surface reached to a specified temperature. In crystal growth stage of frost formation, a new phenomenon was found during ice crystal growth process. A layer of irregular crystal embryos was formed at the earlier stage, and these crystal embryos vanished when ice crystals with regular form grew up along nicks on the plate. And then, ice crystals on the plate kept growing slowly, while the area without ice crystals kept clean. This process is divided into three stages: formation of crystal embryos, mutation of ice crystals, and growth of ice crystal. Duration times of the first two stages seemed to be constant for different cases.
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5

Naats, Edward I., Anatoli G. Borovoi, and Ulrich G. Oppel. "Backscattering by hexagonal ice crystals." In Fifth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Vladimir E. Zuev and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.337006.

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6

Dezitter, Fabien, Alice Grandin, Jean-Louis Brenguier, et al. "HAIC - High Altitude Ice Crystals." In 5th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2674.

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7

Zheng, Haoran, Xianda Cheng, and Wei Dong. "A Coupling Model of Ice Crystal Icing in a Three-Stage Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-123553.

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Abstract The occurrence of engine power loss due to ice crystal accretion has been recorded since 1990s. Ice crystals at high altitudes can pose a threat to aircraft engine compression, including the degradation of compressor performance, engine rollback, compressor surge and flame out. The ice crystal accretion is attributed to ice crystals partially melting and sticking on the static components of the compression system. An ice crystal icing model in a whole three-stage compressor, consisting of the flowfield simulation module, the ice crystal tracking in three dimensions and phase change, and interactions of particle and surface. The performance of the compressor is simulated by S2 relative stream surface with a circumferential average, providing the flowfield condition for ice crystal simulation. The particle trace of ice crystals with different sizes and initial positions at the inlet are obtained by Lagrangian method. Ice crystals will bounce, fragment or stick when impacting the blade surface. The ice crystals simulation module is coupled with the compressor performance module by the heat transfer between air and particles. The possible icing position can be predicted by the model and the influence of ice crystals on the flowfield is also discussed in this research. Heat transfer to ice crystals has effects of decreasing the pressure ratio and the outlet temperature on the compressor performance.
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8

Nilamdeen, Shezad, Wagdi Habashi, Martin Aubé, and Guido Baruzzi. "FENSAP-ICE: Modeling of Water Droplets and Ice Crystals." In 1st AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4128.

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9

Dai, Huiling, Shaocheng Di, and Yanzhuo Xue. "Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Modeling of Elastic-Viscoplastic Deformation of Ice Single Crystals." In ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-126553.

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Abstract Ih ice single crystals with densely packed hexagonal structure exhibit elastic-viscoplasticity anisotropy under low strain rate loading conditions, which is directly related to the crystal structure. In order to reflect the elastic-viscoplastic deformation properties of ice single crystals, a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) numerical model considering loading rate and crystal orientation dependence based on dislocation slip mechanism was established. In the model, Hooke’s law is followed for elastic deformation, and Schmidt’s law is used for plastic deformation to establish the relationship between shear strain rate and shear stress on different slip systems. The calculation accuracy of the model was verified by comparing with the published results of constant strain rate deformation of ice single crystals. On this basis, the effect of crystal orientation on the deformation of ice single crystals was investigated through the loading simulation at different angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°) with the C-axis, and the mechanical response, the activation condition of slip systems and slip ability were analyzed when slip occurred under different crystal orientations. The results show that the numerical simulations of ice single crystals based on the established CPFE model can reasonably characterize the elastic-viscoplastic deformation characteristics. Except for crystal orientations of 0° and 90°, all ice single crystals under other crystal orientations exhibit stress softening characteristics, which are related to the activation of basal slip systems. Under the same deformation conditions, basal slip is most easy to occur. This work can provide a theoretical model at crystal scale for the establishment of multi-scale constitutive relations of polycrystalline ice based on microstructure evolution.
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Pluchino, Antonino. "Observations of Halo Scattering From Single Ice Crystals." In Meteorological Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mo.1986.tha5.

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Ice crystal haloes surrounding the sun and moon are a common sight. The most frequently observed halo occurs at 22°; a less frequent occurrence is the 46° halo. Also, rings of unusual radii have been seen and recorded. Although some are very rare phenomena, a host of other haloes, i.e., parahelia, arcs, pillars, the circumscribed halo, etc, have been observed. A comprehensive theory that encompasses all of these light-ice crystals interactions does not yet exist. Until a practical calculational method is developed, we have to rely totally on empirical evidence.
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Reports on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Colbeck, Samuel C. The Slow Growth of Ice Crystals in Water. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251864.

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2

Peter Wilson, Peter Wilson. Can ocean spray seed ice crystals in clouds? Experiment, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/22092.

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3

Arienti, Marco, Xiaoyuan Yang, Adrian M. Kopacz, and Manfred Geier. A Study of the Optical Properties of Ice Crystals with Black Carbon Inclusions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221862.

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4

Maruyama, Reina, Karsten Heeger, Zachary Pierpoint, et al. T-1020 NaI crystal test for DM-Ice. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037799.

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Glushko, E. Ya, and A. N. Stepanyuk. Pneumatic photonic crystals: properties and application in sensing and metrology. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2875.

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A pneumatic photonic crystal i.e. a medium containing regularly distributed gas-filled voids divided by elastic walls is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure and temperature. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated theoretically distribution of deformation and pressure inside a pneumatic photonic crystal, its bandgap structure and light reflection changes depending on external pressure and temperature.
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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emily Jeng, Emma Ambrogi, Garrett Hoch, and Jason Olivier. Investigations into the ice crystallization and freezing properties of the antifreeze protein ApAFP752. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45620.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) allow biological organisms, including insects, fish, and plants, to survive in freezing temperatures. While in solution, AFPs impart cryoprotection by creating a thermal hysteresis (TH), imparting ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), and providing dynamic ice shaping (DIS). To leverage these ice-modulating effects of AFPs in other scenarios, a range of icing assays were performed with AFPs to investigate how AFPs interact with ice formation when tethered to a surface. In this work, we studied ApAFP752, an AFP from the beetle Anatolica polita, and first investigated whether removing the fusion protein attached during protein expression would result in a difference in freezing behavior. We performed optical microscopy to examine ice-crystal shape, micro-structure, and the recrystallization behavior of frozen droplets of AFP solutions. We developed a surface chemistry approach to tether these proteins to glass surfaces and conducted droplet-freezing experiments to probe the interactions of these proteins with ice formed on those surfaces. In solution, ApAFP752 did not show any DIS or TH, but it did show IRI capabilities. In surface studies, the freezing of AFP droplets on clean glass surfaces showed no dependence on concentration, and the results from freezing water droplets on AFP-decorated surfaces were inconclusive.
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Shaw, Raymond A. Laboratory Investigation of Contact Freezing and the Aerosol to Ice Crystal Transformation Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1162184.

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8

Wood, Caleb. The Power of Water: Examining Ice Crystal Nucleation’s Impact on Cloud Thermodynamic Properties. Iowa State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1474.

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9

Eloranta, Edwin. Combined High Spectral Resolution Lidar and Millimeter Wavelength Radar Measurement of Ice Crystal Precipitation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330339.

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10

Knopf, Daniel. Application of aerosol-ice nucleating particle closure to establish the leading parameters governing ice crystal number concentration under commonly observed mixed-phase cloud conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2480427.

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