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Journal articles on the topic 'Ice-free Arctic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Flake, Lincoln E. "Navigating an Ice-Free Arctic." RUSI Journal 158, no. 3 (2013): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2013.807585.

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2

Jones, Nicola. "Towards an ice-free arctic." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 8 (2011): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1274.

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3

Berge, J., Ø. Varpe, M. A. Moline, et al. "Retention of ice-associated amphipods: possible consequences for an ice-free Arctic Ocean." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (2012): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0517.

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Recent studies predict that the Arctic Ocean will have ice-free summers within the next 30 years. This poses a significant challenge for the marine organisms associated with the Arctic sea ice, such as marine mammals and, not least, the ice-associated crustaceans generally considered to spend their entire life on the underside of the Arctic sea ice. Based upon unique samples collected within the Arctic Ocean during the polar night, we provide a new conceptual understanding of an intimate connection between these under-ice crustaceans and the deep Arctic Ocean currents. We suggest that downward

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4

Sewall, J. O. "Model resolution influence on simulated sea ice decline." Cryosphere Discussions 2, no. 5 (2008): 759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-2-759-2008.

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Abstract. Satellite observations and model predictions of recent and future Arctic sea ice decline have raised concerns over the timing and potential impacts of a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean. Model predictions of seasonally ice-free Arctic conditions are, however, highly variable. Here I present results from fourteen climate system models from the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset that indicate modeled Arctic sea ice sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO2 forcing is strongly correlated with ice/ocean mod

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5

Luedtke, Brandon. "An ice-free Arctic Ocean: history, science, and scepticism." Polar Record 51, no. 2 (2013): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000636.

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ABSTRACTOver the last three centuries, geographers, oceanographers, geophysicists, glaciologists, climatologists, and geoengineers have shown great interest in Arctic Ocean sea ice extent. Many of these experts envisaged an ice-free Arctic Ocean. This article studies three stages of that narrative: the belief in an ice-free Arctic Ocean, the potential for one, and the threat of one. Eighteenth and nineteenth century interest in accessing navigable polar sea routes energised the belief in an iceless polar sea; an early twentieth century North Hemispheric warm spell combined with mid-century col

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6

Screen, James A., and Daniel Williamson. "Ice-free Arctic at 1.5 °C?" Nature Climate Change 7, no. 4 (2017): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3248.

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7

Porubaev, V. S., and L. P. Mochnova. "Change in the duration of the ice-free period in the Arctic seas from 1991 to 2023." Arctic and Antarctic Research 71, no. 2 (2025): 147–63. https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2025-71-2-147-163.

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The Arctic seas are subdivided by the characteristic features of the ice regime into natural areas identified in the course of many years of observations and research by various scientists. At present, the ice cover of the Arctic seas is traditionally determined relative to such areas, identified in 1972 at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. The ice-free period has some advantages over ice cover; for example, its start and end dates are an important ice characteristic. However, it is not always possible to determine the ice-free period for a large area of the sea since ice rarely dis

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8

de Vernal, Anne, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Cynthia Le Duc, et al. "Natural variability of the Arctic Ocean sea ice during the present interglacial." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 42 (2020): 26069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008996117.

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The impact of the ongoing anthropogenic warming on the Arctic Ocean sea ice is ascertained and closely monitored. However, its long-term fate remains an open question as its natural variability on centennial to millennial timescales is not well documented. Here, we use marine sedimentary records to reconstruct Arctic sea-ice fluctuations. Cores collected along the Lomonosov Ridge that extends across the Arctic Ocean from northern Greenland to the Laptev Sea were radiocarbon dated and analyzed for their micropaleontological and palynological contents, both bearing information on the past sea-ic

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9

Onarheim, Ingrid H., Tor Eldevik, Lars H. Smedsrud, and Julienne C. Stroeve. "Seasonal and Regional Manifestation of Arctic Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 31, no. 12 (2018): 4917–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0427.1.

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The Arctic Ocean is currently on a fast track toward seasonally ice-free conditions. Although most attention has been on the accelerating summer sea ice decline, large changes are also occurring in winter. This study assesses past, present, and possible future change in regional Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent throughout the year by examining sea ice concentration based on observations back to 1950, including the satellite record since 1979. At present, summer sea ice variability and change dominate in the perennial ice-covered Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara Seas, with t

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Gonzalez-Eguino, Mikel, Marc B. Neumann, Inaki Arto, Inigo Capellan-Perez, and Sergio H. Faria. "Mitigation implications of an ice-free summer in the Arctic Ocean." Earth's Future 5, no. 1 (2017): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000429.

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The rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most striking manifestations of climate change. As sea ice melts, more open water is exposed to solar radiation, absorbing heat and generating a sea-ice–albedo feedback that reinforces Arctic warming. Recent studies stress the significance of this feedback mechanism and suggest that ice-free summer conditions in the Arctic Ocean may occur faster than previously expected, even under low-emissions pathways. Here we use an integrated assessment model to explore the implications of a potentially rapid sea-ice-loss process. We consider a scenari

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11

Gudmestad, Ove Tobias. "Marine Operations in the Norwegian Sea and the Ice-Free Part of the Barents Sea with Emphasis on Polar Low Pressures." Water 16, no. 22 (2024): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16223313.

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The Arctic Seas are attractive for shipping, fisheries, and other marine activities due to the abundant resources of the Arctic. The shrinking ice cover allows for the opening of activities in increasingly larger areas of the Arctic. This paper evaluates the possibility of executing all-year complex marine activities, here termed “marine operations”, in the Norwegian Sea and the ice-free part of the Barents Sea. The approach used during the preparation of this review paper is to identify constraints to marine operations so users can be aware of the limitations of performing such operations. Th

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12

Klingebiel, Marcus, André Ehrlich, Elena Ruiz-Donoso, et al. "Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 24 (2023): 15289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15289-2023.

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Abstract. Due to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity obtained during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign in summer 2017 and the Arctic Amplification: FLUXes in the Cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AFLUX) campaign in spring 2019 in the vicinity of Svalbard to retrieve microphysical properties

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13

Barnhart, K. R., I. Overeem, and R. S. Anderson. "The effect of changing sea ice on the vulnerability of Arctic coasts." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 3 (2014): 2277–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-2277-2014.

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Abstract. Shorefast sea ice prevents the interaction of the land and the ocean in the Arctic winter and influences this interaction in the summer by governing the fetch. In many parts of the Arctic the sea-ice-free season is increasing in duration, and the summertime sea ice extents are decreasing. Sea ice provides a first order control on the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to erosion, inundation, and damage to settlements and infrastructure. We ask how the changing sea ice cover has influenced coastal erosion over the satellite record. First, we present a pan-Arctic analysis of satellite-base

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14

DeRepentigny, Patricia, L. Bruno Tremblay, Robert Newton, and Stephanie Pfirman. "Patterns of Sea Ice Retreat in the Transition to a Seasonally Ice-Free Arctic." Journal of Climate 29, no. 19 (2016): 6993–7008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0733.1.

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Abstract The patterns of sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean are investigated using two global climate models (GCMs) that have profound differences in their large-scale mean winter atmospheric circulation and sea ice drift patterns. The Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) presents a mean sea level pressure pattern that is in general agreement with observations for the late twentieth century. The Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), exhibits a low bias in its mean sea level pressure over the Arctic region with a deeper Icelandic low. A dynamical mechanism is pres

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Sime, Louise C., Rahul Sivankutty, Irene Vallet-Malmierca, Agatha M. de Boer, and Marie Sicard. "Summer surface air temperature proxies point to near-sea-ice-free conditions in the Arctic at 127 ka." Climate of the Past 19, no. 4 (2023): 883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-883-2023.

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Abstract. The Last Interglacial (LIG) period, which had higher summer solar insolation than today, has been suggested as the last time that Arctic summers were ice free. However, the latest suite of Coupled Modelling Intercomparison Project 6 Paleoclimate (CMIP6-PMIP4) simulations of the LIG produce a wide range of Arctic summer minimum sea ice area (SIA) results, with a 30 % to 96 % reduction from the pre-industrial (PI) period. Sea ice proxies are also currently neither abundant nor consistent enough to determine the most realistic state. Here we estimate LIG minimum SIA indirectly through t

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16

Henley, Sian F., Marie Porter, Laura Hobbs, et al. "Nitrate supply and uptake in the Atlantic Arctic sea ice zone: seasonal cycle, mechanisms and drivers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2181 (2020): 20190361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0361.

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Nutrient supply to the surface ocean is a key factor regulating primary production in the Arctic Ocean under current conditions and with ongoing warming and sea ice losses. Here we present seasonal nitrate concentration and hydrographic data from two oceanographic moorings on the northern Barents shelf between autumn 2017 and summer 2018. The eastern mooring was sea ice-covered to varying degrees during autumn, winter and spring, and was characterized by more Arctic-like oceanographic conditions, while the western mooring was ice-free year-round and showed a greater influence of Atlantic water

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17

Peng, Ge, Jessica L. Matthews, Muyin Wang, Russell Vose, and Liqiang Sun. "What Do Global Climate Models Tell Us about Future Arctic Sea Ice Coverage Changes?" Climate 8, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8010015.

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The prospect of an ice-free Arctic in our near future due to the rapid and accelerated Arctic sea ice decline has brought about the urgent need for reliable projections of the first ice-free Arctic summer year (FIASY). Together with up-to-date observations and characterizations of Arctic ice state, they are essential to business strategic planning, climate adaptation, and risk mitigation. In this study, the monthly Arctic sea ice extents from 12 global climate models are utilized to obtain projected FIASYs and their dependency on different emission scenarios, as well as to examine the nature o

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18

Wang, Xuanji, Yinghui Liu, Jeffrey R. Key, and Richard Dworak. "A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (2022): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846.

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Arctic sea ice characteristics have been changing rapidly and significantly in the last few decades. Using a long-term time series of sea ice products from satellite observations—the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x)—trends in sea ice concentration, ice extent, ice thickness, and ice volume in the Arctic from 1982 to 2020 are investigated. Results show that the Arctic has become less ice-covered in all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. Arctic sea ice thickness has been decreasing at a rate of −3.24 cm per year, resulting in an approximate 52% reduction in thickness from 2.35 m in

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19

Siegert, Martin J., Julian A. Dowdeswell, and Martin Melles. "Late Weichselian Glaciation of the Russian High Arctic." Quaternary Research 52, no. 3 (1999): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2082.

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A numerical ice-sheet model was used to reconstruct the Late Weichselian glaciation of the Eurasian High Arctic, between Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya. An ice sheet was developed over the entire Eurasian High Arctic so that ice flow from the central Barents and Kara seas toward the northern Russian Arctic could be accounted for. An inverse approach to modeling was utilized, where ice-sheet results were forced to be compatible with geological information indicating ice-free conditions over the Taymyr Peninsula during the Late Weichselian. The model indicates complete glaciation of the B

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20

Mall, Martin, Ryota Nakamura, and Tomoya Shibayama. "SURGE AND WAVE CONDITIONS UNDER WARMER ICE-FREE ARCTIC OCEAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.39.

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In the past decade the fast changes within the Arctic basin have become more pronounced. The Arctic amplification has an extremely wide range of global and local implications. The latter has already caused negative impact to coastal communities along the Arctic coastline, where the decreasing annual sea ice extent leaves much of the coastal water open for potential high wave attacks for a longer period of time. The study aims to investigate the use of pseudo-climate modelling approach in the Arctic by looking at meteorology, surge and waves.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link):

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21

Kim, Kwang-Yul, Benjamin D. Hamlington, Hanna Na, and Jinju Kim. "Mechanism of seasonal Arctic sea ice evolution and Arctic amplification." Cryosphere 10, no. 5 (2016): 2191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2191-2016.

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Abstract. Sea ice loss is proposed as a primary reason for the Arctic amplification, although the physical mechanism of the Arctic amplification and its connection with sea ice melting is still in debate. In the present study, monthly ERA-Interim reanalysis data are analyzed via cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis to understand the seasonal mechanism of sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic amplification. While sea ice loss is widespread over much of the perimeter of the Arctic Ocean in summer, sea ice remains thin in winter only in the Barents–Kara seas. Excessive

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Massonnet, F., T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, et al. "Constraining projections of summer Arctic sea ice." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 4 (2012): 2931–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-2931-2012.

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Abstract. We examine the recent (1979–2010) and future (2011–2100) characteristics of the summer Arctic sea ice cover as simulated by 29 Earth system and general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5). As was the case with CMIP3, a large inter-model spread persists in the simulated summer sea ice losses over the 21st century for a given forcing scenario. The initial 1979–2010 sea ice properties (including the sea ice extent, thickness distribution and volume characteristics) of each CMIP5 model are discussed as potential constraints on the September

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Massonnet, F., T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, et al. "Constraining projections of summer Arctic sea ice." Cryosphere 6, no. 6 (2012): 1383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1383-2012.

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Abstract. We examine the recent (1979–2010) and future (2011–2100) characteristics of the summer Arctic sea ice cover as simulated by 29 Earth system and general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5). As was the case with CMIP3, a large intermodel spread persists in the simulated summer sea ice losses over the 21st century for a given forcing scenario. The 1979–2010 sea ice extent, thickness distribution and volume characteristics of each CMIP5 model are discussed as potential constraints on the September sea ice extent (SSIE) projections. Our resul

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Sun, Xiaoyu, Tingting Lv, Qizhen Sun, et al. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variations and Influencing Factors of Sea Ice Extent in the Arctic and Antarctic." Remote Sensing 15, no. 23 (2023): 5563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15235563.

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The 44 years (1979–2022) of satellite-derived sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic reveals the details and new trends in the process of polar sea ice coverage changes. The speed of Arctic sea ice extent reduction and the interannual difference significantly increased after 2004. Trend analysis suggests that the Arctic Ocean may experience an ice-free period around 2060. The maximum anomaly of Arctic sea ice extent has gradually transitioned from September to October, indicating a trend of prolonged melting period. The center of gravity of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is biased towards the

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Bradley, Raymond S., and Mark C. Serreze. "Topoclimatic Studies of a High Arctic Plateau Ice Cap." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000008625.

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AbstractMeteorological observations on and around a small, exposed plateau ice cap on north-eastern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada, were carried out in the northern summers of 1982 and 1983. The objective was to assess the effect of the ice cap on local climate as the melt season progressed. In 1982, seasonal net radiation totals were lowest on the ice cap and greatest at the site farthest from the ice cap. The ice-cap site received only 35% of net radiation totals on the surrounding tundra. This reflects a gradient in albedo; albedo changed most markedly away from the ice cap as the summer

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Bradley, Raymond S., and Mark C. Serreze. "Topoclimatic Studies of a High Arctic Plateau Ice Cap." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000008625.

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AbstractMeteorological observations on and around a small, exposed plateau ice cap on north-eastern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada, were carried out in the northern summers of 1982 and 1983. The objective was to assess the effect of the ice cap on local climate as the melt season progressed. In 1982, seasonal net radiation totals were lowest on the ice cap and greatest at the site farthest from the ice cap. The ice-cap site received only 35% of net radiation totals on the surrounding tundra. This reflects a gradient in albedo; albedo changed most markedly away from the ice cap as the summer

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27

Park, Hotaek, Eiji Watanabe, Youngwook Kim, et al. "Increasing riverine heat influx triggers Arctic sea ice decline and oceanic and atmospheric warming." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (2020): eabc4699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc4699.

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Arctic river discharge increased over the last several decades, conveying heat and freshwater into the Arctic Ocean and likely affecting regional sea ice and the ocean heat budget. However, until now, there have been only limited assessments of riverine heat impacts. Here, we adopted a synthesis of a pan-Arctic sea ice–ocean model and a land surface model to quantify impacts of river heat on the Arctic sea ice and ocean heat budget. We show that river heat contributed up to 10% of the regional sea ice reduction over the Arctic shelves from 1980 to 2015. Particularly notable, this effect occurs

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Hezel, P. J., T. Fichefet, and F. Massonnet. "Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 1 (2014): 1383–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-1383-2014.

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Abstract. Almost all global climate models and Earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) show strong declines in Arctic sea ice extent and volume under the highest forcing scenario of the Radiative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) through 2100, including a transition from perennial to seasonal ice cover. Extended RCP simulations through 2300 were completed for a~subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. In RCP2.6, the summer Arctic sea ice extent increases compared to its minimum following th

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Blackport, Russell, and Paul J. Kushner. "The Transient and Equilibrium Climate Response to Rapid Summertime Sea Ice Loss in CCSM4." Journal of Climate 29, no. 2 (2016): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0284.1.

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Abstract The impact that disappearing Arctic sea ice will have on the atmospheric circulation and weather variability remains uncertain. In this study, results are presented from a sea ice perturbation experiment using the coupled Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). By decreasing the albedo of the sea ice, the impact of an ice-free summertime Arctic on the coupled ocean–atmosphere system is isolated in an idealized but energetically self-consistent way. The multicentury equilibrium response is examined, as well as the transient response in an initial condition ensemble. The pert

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Hezel, P. J., T. Fichefet, and F. Massonnet. "Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs." Cryosphere 8, no. 4 (2014): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1195-2014.

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Abstract. Almost all global climate models and Earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) show strong declines in Arctic sea ice extent and volume under the highest forcing scenario of the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) through 2100, including a transition from perennial to seasonal ice cover. Extended RCP simulations through 2300 were completed for a~subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. In RCP2.6, the summer Arctic sea ice extent increases compared to its minimum followi

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Diamond, Rachel, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, and Maria-Vittoria Guarino. "The contribution of melt ponds to enhanced Arctic sea-ice melt during the Last Interglacial." Cryosphere 15, no. 11 (2021): 5099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5099-2021.

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Abstract. The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3) is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago. This simulation appears to yield accurate Arctic surface temperatures during the summer season. Here, we investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss. We find that the summer ice melt was predominantly driven by thermodynamic processes: atmospheric and ocean circulation changes did not significantly contribute to the ice loss. We demonstrate these thermodynamic processes were si

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Bathiany, S., D. Notz, T. Mauritsen, G. Raedel, and V. Brovkin. "On the Potential for Abrupt Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 29, no. 7 (2016): 2703–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0466.1.

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Abstract The authors examine the transition from a seasonally ice-covered Arctic to an Arctic Ocean that is sea ice free all year round under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. It is shown that in comprehensive climate models, such loss of Arctic winter sea ice area is faster than the preceding loss of summer sea ice area for the same rate of warming. In two of the models, several million square kilometers of winter sea ice are lost within only one decade. It is shown that neither surface albedo nor cloud feedbacks can explain the rapid winter ice loss in the climate model MPI-ESM by suppressi

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Yamamoto, A., M. Kawamiya, A. Ishida, Y. Yamanaka, and S. Watanabe. "Impact of rapid sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean on the rate of ocean acidification." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (2011): 10617–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-10617-2011.

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Abstract. The largest pH decline and widespread undersaturation with respect to aragonite in this century due to uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Arctic Ocean have been projected. The reductions in pH and aragonite saturation state have been caused primarily by an increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, in a previous study, simulations with and without warming showed that these reductions in the Arctic Ocean also advances due to the melting of sea ice caused by global warming. Therefore, future projections of pH and aragonite saturation in the Arctic

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Yamamoto, A., M. Kawamiya, A. Ishida, Y. Yamanaka, and S. Watanabe. "Impact of rapid sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean on the rate of ocean acidification." Biogeosciences 9, no. 6 (2012): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2365-2012.

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Abstract. The largest pH decline and widespread undersaturation with respect to aragonite in this century due to uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Arctic Ocean have been projected. The reductions in pH and aragonite saturation state in the Arctic Ocean have been caused by the melting of sea ice as well as by an increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, future projections of pH and aragonite saturation in the Arctic Ocean will be affected by how rapidly the reduction in sea ice occurs. The observed recent Arctic sea-ice loss has been more rapid than pro

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Lebrun, Marion, Martin Vancoppenolle, Gurvan Madec, and François Massonnet. "Arctic sea-ice-free season projected to extend into autumn." Cryosphere 13, no. 1 (2019): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-79-2019.

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Abstract. The recent Arctic sea ice reduction comes with an increase in the ice-free season duration, with comparable contributions of earlier ice retreat and later advance. CMIP5 models all project that the trend towards later advance should progressively exceed and ultimately double the trend towards earlier retreat, causing the ice-free season to shift into autumn. We show that such a shift is a basic feature of the thermodynamic response of seasonal ice to warming. The detailed analysis of an idealised thermodynamic ice–ocean model stresses the role of two seasonal amplifying feedbacks. Th

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Heaney, Kevin D. "Acoustic propagation and ambient noise in a thawing Arctic." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018163.

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Over the past 50 years, the extent and volume of sea ice coverage in the Atlantic Ocean has been receding at a nearly linear rate due to anthropogenic induced climate change. It is expected that some time within the next 10 to 30 years, there will be an ice free summer. For periods beyond this time, the Arctic Ocean will change from mostly covered by multi-year ice to mostly covered by first year ice. In this talk, the impact of the changes in ice morphology (roughness and thickness) and ice extent will be examined from both an under-ice propagation modeling and an ambient noise modeling persp

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Li, Zixuan, Jiechen Zhao, Jie Su, et al. "Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Extent and Thickness of Arctic Landfast Ice." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010064.

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Analyses of landfast ice in Arctic coastal areas provide a comprehensive understanding of the variations in Arctic sea ice and generate data for studies on the utilization of the Arctic passages. Based on our analysis, Arctic landfast ice mainly appears in January–June and is distributed within the narrow straits of the Canadian Archipelago (nearly 40%), the coastal areas of the East Siberian Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the Kara Sea. From 1976–2018, the landfast ice extent gradually decreased at an average rate of −1.1 ± 0.5 × 104 km2/yr (10.5% per decade), while the rate of decrease for entire A

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Wu, Xiangyu, Jinlong Li, Xidong Wang, et al. "Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Reconstruction Driven by Satellite Sea Surface Data Based on Sea Ice Seasonal Variation in the Arctic Ocean." Remote Sensing 16, no. 21 (2024): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16214072.

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This study investigates and evaluates methods for the three-dimensional thermohaline reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean using multi-source observational data. A multivariate statistical regression model based on sea ice seasonal variation is developed, driving by satellite data, and in situ data is used to validate the model output. The study indicates that the multivariate statistical regression model effectively captures the characteristics of the three-dimensional thermohaline structure of the Arctic Ocean. Areas with large reconstruction errors are primarily observed in the salinity values

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Kadri, Usama. "Generation of Hydroacoustic Waves by an Oscillating Ice Block in Arctic Zones." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2016 (July 28, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8076108.

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The time harmonic problem of propagating hydroacoustic waves generated in the ocean by a vertically oscillating ice block in arctic zones is discussed. The generated acoustic modes can result in orbital displacements of fluid parcels sufficiently high that may contribute to deep ocean currents and circulation. This mechanism adds to current efforts for explaining ocean circulation from a snowball earth Neoproterozoic Era to greenhouse earth arctic conditions and raises a challenge as the extent of ice blocks shrinks towards an ice-free sea. Surprisingly, unlike the free-surface setting, here i

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Vavrus, Stephen J., and Marika M. Holland. "When will the Arctic Ocean become ice-free?" Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 53, no. 1 (2021): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1941578.

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Kerr, R. A. "PALEOCEANOGRAPHY: Signs of a Warm, Ice-Free Arctic." Science 305, no. 5691 (2004): 1693a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.305.5691.1693a.

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Johansen, Kaare, Magne Petter Sollid, and Ove Tobias Gudmestad. "Stability of Vessels in an Ice-free Arctic." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 14, no. 3 (2020): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.14.03.19.

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Tremblay, L. Bruno, Marika M. Holland, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, and Gavin A. Schmidt. "An Ice-Free Arctic? Opportunities for Computational Science." Computing in Science & Engineering 9, no. 3 (2007): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2007.45.

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Sigmond, Michael, John C. Fyfe, and Neil C. Swart. "Ice-free Arctic projections under the Paris Agreement." Nature Climate Change 8, no. 5 (2018): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0124-y.

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Pistone, Kristina, Ian Eisenman, and Veerabhadran Ramanathan. "Radiative Heating of an Ice‐Free Arctic Ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 13 (2019): 7474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082914.

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Cocetta, Francesco, Lorenzo Zampieri, Julia Selivanova, and Doroteaciro Iovino. "Assessing the representation of Arctic sea ice and the marginal ice zone in ocean–sea ice reanalyses." Cryosphere 18, no. 10 (2024): 4687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4687-2024.

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Abstract. The recent development of data-assimilating reanalyses of the global ocean and sea ice enables a better understanding of the polar region dynamics and provides gridded descriptions of sea ice variables without temporal and spatial gaps. Here, we study the spatiotemporal variability of the Arctic sea ice area and thickness using the Global ocean Reanalysis Ensemble Product (GREP) produced and disseminated by the Copernicus Marine Service (CMS). GREP is compared and validated against the state-of-the-art regional reanalyses PIOMAS and TOPAZ, as well as observational datasets of sea ice

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Galí, Martí, Emmanuel Devred, Marcel Babin, and Maurice Levasseur. "Decadal increase in Arctic dimethylsulfide emission." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 39 (2019): 19311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904378116.

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS), a gas produced by marine microbial food webs, promotes aerosol formation in pristine atmospheres, altering cloud radiative forcing and precipitation. Recent studies suggest that DMS controls aerosol formation in the summertime Arctic atmosphere and call for an assessment of pan-Arctic DMS emission (EDMS) in a context of dramatic ecosystem changes. Using a remote sensing algorithm, we show that summertime EDMS from ice-free waters increased at a mean rate of 13.3 ± 6.7 Gg S decade−1 (∼33% decade−1) north of 70°N between 1998 and 2016. This trend, mostly explained by the r

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Daase, Malin, Stig Falk-Petersen, Øystein Varpe, et al. "Timing of reproductive events in the marine copepod Calanus glacialis: a pan-Arctic perspective." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 6 (2013): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0401.

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The timing of reproductive events of Calanus glacialis is closely coupled to the two major marine primary production events in the Arctic: the ice algal and phytoplankton blooms. Reproductive strategies vary between different physical and biological environments of the European and Canadian Arctic. In the Canadian Beaufort Sea and the high Arctic Rijpfjorden on Svalbard, C. glacialis utilized the ice algae bloom to fuel spawning in spring, while growth and development of the new generation was primarily supported by the phytoplankton bloom. In the predominantly ice-free Arctic Kongsfjorden (Sv

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Kowal, Slawomir, William A. Gough, and Kenneth Butler. "Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Seasonal Sea Ice of Arctic Bay, Nunavut." Coasts 3, no. 2 (2023): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coasts3020007.

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The temporal and spatial variation in seasonal sea ice in Arctic Bay, Nunavut, are examined using time series and spatial clustering analyses. For the period of 1971 to 2018, a time series of sea ice break-up, and freeze-up, dates and ice-free season length at nine grid points are generated from sea ice charts derived from satellites and other data. These data are analysed temporally and spatially. The temporal analyses indicate an unambiguous response to a warming climate with statistically significant earlier break-up dates, later freeze-up dates, and longer ice-free seasons with clear stati

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Dörr, Jakob Simon, David B. Bonan, Marius Årthun, Lea Svendsen, and Robert C. J. Wills. "Forced and internal components of observed Arctic sea-ice changes." Cryosphere 17, no. 9 (2023): 4133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4133-2023.

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Abstract. The Arctic sea-ice cover is strongly influenced by internal variability on decadal timescales, affecting both short-term trends and the timing of the first ice-free summer. Several mechanisms of variability have been proposed, but how these mechanisms manifest both spatially and temporally remains unclear. The relative contribution of internal variability to observed Arctic sea-ice changes also remains poorly quantified. Here, we use a novel technique called low-frequency component analysis to identify the dominant patterns of winter and summer decadal Arctic sea-ice variability in t

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