To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: ICE [Internal Combustion Engine – Petrol.
Journal articles on the topic 'ICE [Internal Combustion Engine – Petrol'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'ICE [Internal Combustion Engine – Petrol.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
R, Shadakshari. "BI-Fuel Ice Concept using Petrol and Hydrogen." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41418.
Full textAbstract:
n this project, we are delving into the realm of alternative fuel sources by exploring the integration of hydrogen obtained through electrolysis into traditional petrol engines. Our objective is to design and implement a system that blends hydrogen with petrol to create a hybrid fuel mixture for combustion engines. Through electrolysis, we will generate hydrogen gas from water, which will then be introduced into the engine's intake system alongside petrol. By studying the combustion characteristics and performance effects of this blended fuel mixture, we aim to assess its viability as a cleaner and more efficient alternative to pure petrol combustion. This project not only contributes to the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions but also offers insights into the potential for hydrogen as a supplementary fuel in conventional internal combustion engines, paving the way for greener transportation technologies. Keywords- Alternative fuels, Butane, combustion characteristics, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), emissions, fuel efficiency, hydrogen, Hydrocarbon (HC), internal combustion engines, NOx emissions, oxyhydrogen (HHO), petrol, pre-ignition, Renewable hydrogen production, sustainability, Tailpipe emissions.
2
Pantelić, Dragan, Jelica Komarica, and Drazenko Glavic. "Analysis of the Influence of Electricity Generation Mix on CO2 Emissions from Electric Vehicles in Europe." Put i saobraćaj 70, no. 3 (2024): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.70.03.05.
Full textAbstract:
The rise in population mobility, with the dominant modal share of passenger vehicles, is particularly concerning due to its negative impact on the environment. Environmental issues caused by internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles are increasing, as evidenced by the fact that road transport is responsible for 22% of total CO2 emissions. In this context, although electric cars do not emit harmful substances directly, power plants that generate electricity from various sources contribute significantly to these emissions. To determine the impact of electric vehicles on the environment, this study conducted a comparative analysis of gCO2/km emissions depending on the type of vehicle engine (petrol, diesel, and electric) across different European countries, based on their electricity sources. For more representative results, the comparison was made using the same make and model of car-Volkswagen e-Golf (electric car) and Golf 7 with diesel and petrol ICE engines. The results indicate that in Serbia, electric vehicles emit slightly less CO2 compared to diesel and petrol vehicles of similar characteristics. However, the difference is very small compared to diesel engines, amounting to only 3 gCO2/km.
3
Hofny, Mohamed, Nouby Ghazaly, Ahmed Shmroukh, and Mostafa Abouelsoud. "The Impact of Alternative Fuels on the Performance and Emissions of Petrol Engines: A Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 122, no. 1 (2024): 118–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.122.1.118162.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, the combustion of fuel has emerged as a significant global concern. Numerous studies have highlighted the various emissions produced by different fuels. Due to the harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases emitted by fossil fuels, there has been a shift towards renewable and alternative energy sources to mitigate these adverse environmental impacts. This overview presents an in-depth analysis of current alternative fuels utilized in spark ignition (SI) engines, particularly examining the differences in performance and emissions associated with the use of hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HCNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), and ethanol as substitutes for traditional fuels. Various engine types, configurations, and operational conditions are presented to evaluate the suitability and impact of these fuels on engine performance and emission profiles. This review is intended to function as a comprehensive resource guide for future research directions, development of engine technologies, and formulation of policies related to the adoption of cleaner fuel alternatives in the internal combustion engine (ICE) sector. Biofuels show potential, but it needs to be sustainable to avoid impacting food resources as the push for greener energy continues.
4
Guzman, J. R., J. M. Jocson, S. C. Lee, J. A. Mirador, P. A. Saludo, and R. B. Manrique. "Analysis of carbon dioxide chemical looping absorption system from flue gas emissions of internal combustion engines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1500, no. 1 (2025): 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1500/1/012032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Transportation sector remains to be one of the major contributors to the consistent increase of global carbon dioxide emissions. The study demonstrates a novel amine based solvent Carbon capture Chemical Looping Absorption (CCLA) system tested to flue gas emissions of petrol and diesel internal combustion engines (ICE). Chemical absorption offers a promising solution for efficient carbon dioxide capture. Soda lime chemical compound was utilized in the study which is composed mainly of calcium hydroxide, water, sodium hydroxide and small amount of potassium hydroxide. The said compound is housed in a chamber designed to have unobstructed flow of flue gas emissions. Data gathering on the effectivity of carbon dioxide absorption were undertaken at different engine speeds using a five-gas analyzer. Results obtained from gasoline engine showed that the carbon dioxide mass percentage decreased to 7.12% at low engine speed, which is more than half of its original value of 15.12%. For the diesel engine, results showed no significant changes but demonstrates absorption of carbon soot and other particulate matters as evident to the color change of the compound used. The study demonstrates promising potential on carbon dioxide capture and was able to provide substantial information on the effectiveness of the CCLA for ICE. The findings are of great contribution in the development of alternative strategies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector.
5
Olisa, Yemi Philip, and Fortune Worgu. "Retrofitting of an Internal Combustion Engine Car into an Electric Car." Recent Trends in Production Engineering 8, no. 1 (2025): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15017737.
Full textAbstract:
<em>The depletion of fossil fuel and surging price of petrol (gasoline) in the international market has made the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles expensive to use as a means of commuting from one place to another. This paper presents the retrofitting of an electric car through a conversion process of transforming a 2002 model Nissan saloon ICE car into an electric vehicle (EV) car with the purpose of using it to commute over a long distance at a relatively cheaper cost. The methodology used for this work involves (1) carrying out design calculation vis-a-viz: the analytical determination of the rolling resistance; an evaluation of the aerodynamic drag force and acceleration force required for the propulsion of the EV car, (2) replacement of IC components with EV components and (3) carrying out the performance test of the developed EV car. According to the results of the design analysis, the total tractive effort is 323.982 N, the rolling resistance is 198.79 N, and the aerodynamic drag force resistance is 125.129 N. The torque needed on the drive wheel is 47.625 N and the battery life cycle is 650 cycles. This research work used the lead-acid battery which must be replaced after a certain period of time, however, it can be recommended that lithium-ion batteries which have a longer lifespan and are far more dependable for efficient functioning can be used in place of lead-acid batteries. Retrofitting cuts down emission of particulates from cars with carburettors typically having CO level of around 30,000 ppm and also for nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) as well as the level of noise (decibel or db).</em>
6
Dykun, T. V., L. I. Haieva, F. V. Kozak, and Ya M. Demianchuk. "ANALYSIS OF OPERATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WORKING ONE BIOGAS FROM THE LANDFILL WASTES." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(31) (June 26, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-1(31)-83-91.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the effective use of traditional energy sources and the search for alternative resources is currently urgent. Today, in Ukraine, the low-calorie gas potential, which in large quantities is formed in landfills from solid household wastes, in particular biogas, is almost not used. The number of existing domestic installations for the disposal of this gas is insignificant. Today, this valuable resource in quantities of up to 1 billion cubic meters per year is emitted into the atmosphere contaminating it, or burned in flares. Rarely biogas is used in automotive internal combustion engines. However, replacing gasoline with biogas results in reduction in engine power and an increase in fuel consumption. Knowing the component composition of biogas, one can calculate the heat of its combustion and the heat of combustion of gas-air mixtures.
 According to the results of analytical studies, the graphic dependences of the change in effective power, torque and the effective specific biogas flow rate on engine revolutions were constructed and a comparison of these values with those of a petrol engine was performed. Dependencies show that the use of biogas as a fuel for the ICE leads to a significant reduction of the above parameters: in particular, the effective power decreases to 20%, torque to 22%, and the specific effective fuel consumption increases by 170%. However, due to the low cost of this type of automobile fuel and the considerable resource base for its obtaining in Ukraine, one can conclude - the use of biogas from landfills should be expanded and this is promising, in terms of energy independence of both separate economic entities and the state as a whole.
7
Ray, Richik. "Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Parameter Analysis using MATLAB." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (2021): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38433.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: In this paper, a MATLAB based Simulink model of a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle is presented. With the advent of Industry 4.0, the usage of Big Data, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and similar groundbreaking domains of technology have usurped manual supervision in industrial as well as personal scenarios. This is aided by the drastic shift from orthodox and conventional Internal Combustion Engine based vehicles fuelled by fossil fuels in the order of petrol, diesel, etc., to fully functional electric vehicles developed by renowned companies, for example Tesla. Alongside 100% electric vehicles are hybrid vehicles that function on a system based on the integration of the conventional ICE and the modern Electric Propulsion System, which is referred to as the Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrain. Designs for modern HEVs and EVs are developed on computer software where simulations are run and all the essential parameters for the vehicle’s performance and sustainability are run and observed. This paper is articulated to discuss the parameters of a series-parallel HEV through an indepth MATLAB Simulink design, and further the observations are presented. Keywords: ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), Drivetrain, MATLAB, Simulink, PSD (Power Split Device), Vehicle Dynamics, SOC (State-of-Charge)
8
Vardanyan, Yeghiazar, Valerik Harutyunyan, Karapet Mosikyan та Vladimir Koichev. "Development of Technology and a Convertеr for Neutralizing Greenhouse Gases Emitted from Automobiles". Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research 6 (5 червня 2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2024.6-001.
Full textAbstract:
The article touches upon the issues of global warming associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere from vehicle internal combustion engines (ICE). To neutralize existing greenhouse gases emitted by ICE, in particular CO2, the interaction of the latter with various chemicals has been studied. The dynamics of exhaust gas emissions from ICE cylinders were observed. The experimental research was conducted to develop a greenhouse gas neutralization technology. Carbon dioxide neutralization converter with three neutralization batteries and a homogenization device is presented. This converter can guarantee CO2 neutralization of up to 92%. The formation of CO2 in the cylinders of modern petrol engines is due to the final combustion of the air-petrol fuel mixture. The combustion of the latter in the cylinder can be heterogeneous and diffusive. In addition, CO2 is generated in large quantities during diffusion combustion. The most effective method of diffusive combustion was chosen by the constructors of modern ICE, which is the formation of an artificial turbulent gas-dynamic condition for the fuel mixture due to the increase in the temperature of the air adsorbed in the cylinder, which ensures the engine's thermal energy efficiency coefficient of up to 35%. The CO2 volume in the exhaust gases of such engines reaches up to 16%. Thus, considering the perfection of modern ICE design for providing a high-efficiency reaction for the hydrocarbon oxidation in the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, it becomes apparent that the presence of about 16% CO2 in the fractional composition of emitted dissolved gases is a serious problem in terms of increasing the volume of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, the goal of this article is to develop a reduction technology.
9
Łebkowski, Andrzej. "Steam and Oxyhydrogen Addition Influence on Energy Usage by Range Extender—Battery Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092403.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of the influence of the steam and oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) on the composition of emitted exhaust gases and energy usage of operating the internal combustion engine (ICE) that drives a generator-powered battery electric vehicle (BEV). The employed internal combustion generating sets can be used as trailer mounted electric energy sources allowing one to increase the range of BEV vehicles, mainly during long distance travel between cities. The basic configurations of hybrid and electric propulsion systems used in a given Electric Vehicles (xEV) includes all types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (xHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (xBEV), which are discussed. Using the data collected during traction tests in real road traffic (an electric car with a trailer range extender (RE) fitted with ICE generators (5 kW petrol, 6.5 kW diesel), a mathematical model was developed in the Modelica package. The elaborated mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the set of vehicles in motion and the electric drive system assisted by the work of RE. Conducted tests with steam and HHO additives for ICE have shown reduced (5–10%) fuel consumption and emissions (3–19%) of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
10
Diwanshu, Jain. "Battery Operated Hybrid Vehicle/Systems." Indian Journal of Signal Processing (IJSP) 2, no. 4 (2023): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijsp.E1012.02041122.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract: </strong>By the use of Battery operated Hybrid vehicle/system helps in reducing the pollution/emission and also reduces the consumption of fossil fuel (petrol, diesel, CNG etc.) Without compromising its performance, may leads to this hybrid design more economical as well as more ecofriendly when compare it with convention vehicles (fossil fuel operated IC engine Vehicles). The main advantages of using hybrid vehicle is flexibility in choosing any two engines it may be either Petrol engine with electric motor/generator, diesel engine with electric motor /generator etc. The traction battery used in Battery operated hybrid vehicle is either charge by using renewable energy sources or by using IC engine provide in combination with its.
11
Ravi, Bhatt*1 Surendra Bharti2 &. Abhishek Shahi3. "CFD ANALYSIS OF EXHAUST HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 7 (2017): 62–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839119.
Full textAbstract:
In thermo-electric power generation an exhaust heat exchanger is used for recovering exhaust heat and a thermo-electric module is used for converting heat into electricity.This research work focus on optimization of the design of exhaust heat exchanger by removing the internal fins and changing the cross-sectional area of heat exchanger to minimize the problem of pressure drop.The designs of exhaust heat exchangers used in the previous research works recovers maximum heat from an engine exhaust but they have main problem of pressure drop or back pressure which can stops engine functioning. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used in the simulation of the exhaust gases flowing inside the heat exchanger. The isothermal modelling technique is used in simulation process of the heat exchanger. The thermal simulation is done on heat exchanger to check the surface temperature, heat transfer rate, and pressure drop in three different driving cycles (urban driving, suburban driving and max. power driving) for a vehicle with 1.2 L petrol engine. The Rectangular shaped heat exchanger is used in exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine (ICE) is modelled numerically to recoverthe lost heat from engine exhaust. We find the Rectangular shaped heat exchanger with gradually increasing cross sectional area minimizes pressure drop and gives better temperature at the surface and increase the heat transfer rate
12
Silva, Robson L. da. "Fuel consumption in an air blower for agricultural use under different operating conditions." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 8 (2017): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n8p579-584.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Evaluation of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines (ICE) of agricultural machinery and equipment is important in determining the performance under various operating conditions, especially when using biofuels. This study consisted of experimental evaluation of the gasoline (petrol)/ethanol consumption in a two-stroke 1-cylinder ICE, Otto cycle, functioning as an air blower for agriculture and related applications. A methodology for tests of non-automotive ICE, based on ABNT/NBR technical standards, was considered. The presented results refer to operation with commercial and non-commercial fuel blends. Characteristic curves for the tested equipment are presented, identifying consumption conditions and trend in the whole operating range of angular speeds (RPM), for five fuel blends (gasoline/ethanol). For the operating conditions of minimum and maximum angular speeds, 20 and 30% ethanol blends had the highest and lowest fuel consumptions, respectively.
13
Khan, Abdul Manan, Ghulam Hassan Askari, and Zaheer Ahmed. "The Performance and Cost Analysis on Bio Fuel Blends for Internal Combustion Engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338101012.
Full textAbstract:
Petrol, Diesel or CNG are useful fuels in most of auto-mobile industry. Increment in fuel prices and its highly demands created a need of research to make its use optimistic, cost effective and its burning gases environment friendly by considering its environment degradation effect. Bio-Ethanol Fuel is best replacement as a solution same as renewable energy resource. To measure the impact of several kinds of mixtures of ethanol-gasoline on spark ignited single cylinder engine an experimental investigation was performed. To perform investigation analysis, test bench was prepared first as a CAD model and then a proper experimental setup made with mild steel structure on which engine was mounted with all additional devices like fuel measuring device, gas analyzer, tachometer, stopwatch and dynamometer. Several kinds of ethanol-gasoline blends i.e. E-0, E-2, E-4, E-6, E-8, E-9, E-10, E-12 and E-14 were considered for investigation. The digits 0 to 14 represent the percentage of ethanol in gasoline. Gasoline Outcomes were analyzed after assessments from test results to find out best conditions in which it operates optimal. Cost Economic Analysis were performed to check the economical values of the blends, it becomes clear that the running cost of ethanol gasoline blend E10 is lower than the running cost of hi-octane gasoline.
14
Lieutenant, Klaus, Ana Vassileva Borissova, Mohamad Mustafa, Nick McCarthy, and Ioan Iordache. "Comparison of “Zero Emission” Vehicles with Petrol and Hybrid Cars in Terms of Total CO2 Release—A Case Study for Romania, Poland, Norway and Germany." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 7988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217988.
Full textAbstract:
The authors compare the energy consumption and CO2 emissions from vehicles using internal combustion engines (ICE), battery electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and two types of hybrid vehicles, BEV-ICE hybrid and BEV-FCEV hybrid. This paper considers several scenarios for four countries’ electricity production from primary energy sources to estimate total CO2 release. Energy consumption of the vehicle per 100 km, emissions during manufacturing, battery production, and lifecycle of the vehicle are considered in the total amount evaluation of CO2 released. The results show that with current technologies for battery manufacturing, and a significant proportion of national grid electricity delivered by fossil fuels, BEV is the best choice to reduce carbon emissions for shorter driving ranges. In the case of electricity generation mainly by low-carbon sources, FCEV and BEV-FCEV hybrid vehicles end up with lower carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, with electricity mainly generated from fossil fuels, electric vehicles do not reduce CO2 emissions compared to combustion cars.
15
Tivey, Jon, Huw C. Davies, James G. Levine, et al. "Meta-Analysis as Early Evidence on the Particulate Emissions Impact of EURO VI on Battery Electric Bus Fleet Transitions." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021522.
Full textAbstract:
The current generation of Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) policies are designed to accelerate the transition away from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) petrol and diesel vehicle fleets. However, the current focus on zero exhaust emissions and the lack of more detailed guidance regarding Non-Exhaust Emissions (NEEs) may mean that some of the trade-offs in transitioning to, e.g., Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) fleets may be missed by many in the commercial sector. Here, as part of early work on the scoping of the First Bus EURO VI Diesel Vehicle (E6DV) to BEV fleet upgrades, we estimate E6DV total particulate emissions to be ca. 62–85 and 164–213 mg.veh−1.km−1 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, and that the majority, typically 93–97%, are NEEs. We also discuss the complex interaction between E6DV/BEV properties and estimate potential changes resulting from the transition to BEVs as ranging from a decrease of ca. 2–12% to an increase of ca. 12–50% depending on a combination of weight difference, regenerative brake performance and journey type. Finally, we propose metrics that would allow fleet operators more insight into a wider range of emission outcomes at the scoping stage of a fleet upgrade.
16
Kumar, Parveen, and Subrata Chakrabarty. "Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of the Impact of Vehicle Usage on the Economic Viability of Electric Vehicles in India." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (2020): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120947089.
Full textAbstract:
The road transport sector in India is on the cusp of a transition to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Government of India (GoI) has announced several policy measures to push the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, EVs involve a high capital cost but lower operating costs. Therefore, the economics of EVs vis-à-vis ICE vehicles depends on the extent of their daily use. The daily use, in turn, can vary significantly from context to context. In this paper, a model to compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of an EV with different fuel variants (petrol, diesel, and compressed natural gas [CNG]) of their ICE counterparts is presented. It is found that, on an average, the TCO per km of electric two-wheelers (e-2Ws) and electric three-wheelers (e-3Ws) is less than their ICE counterparts at the typical average daily usage of the vehicles in Indian cities. In the case of hatchback and sedan cars, the TCO per km of electric cars (e-cars) is higher than their ICE counterparts. The TCO per km of electric bus (e-bus) is higher than diesel and CNG buses because of high initial purchase cost. Policymakers need to explore innovative business models and strategy for high vehicle utilization to improve the economic viability of EVs. Efficient planning of charging infrastructure and fast charging options will further help in accelerating the adoption of EVs in India.
17
Píštěk, Václav, Pavel Kučera, Oleksij Fomin, Alyona Lovska, and Aleš Prokop. "Acoustic Identification of Turbocharger Impeller Mistuning—A New Tool for Low Emission Engine Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186394.
Full textAbstract:
At present, exhaust gas turbochargers not only form the basis for the economical operation of petrol, diesel or gas engines of all power categories, but also have an irreplaceable role on reducing their emissions. In order to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines, various systems are being developed, all of which have a turbocharger as an important component. Demands on turbocharger system durability and reliability keep growing, which requires the application of increasingly advanced computational and experimental methods at the development beginning of these systems. The design of turbochargers starts with a mathematical description of their rotationally cyclic impellers. However, mistuning, i.e., a slight individual blade property deviation from the intended design parameters, leads to a disturbance of the rotational cyclic symmetry. This article deals with the effects of manufacturing-related deviations on the structural dynamic behaviour of real turbine rotors. As opposed to methods exploiting expensive scanning vibrometers for experimental modal analysis or time-consuming accurate measurement of the geometry of individual blades using 3D optical scanners. A suitable microphone and a finite element rotor wheel model are the basis of this new method. After comparing the described acoustic approach with the laser vibrometer procedure, the results seemed to be practically identical. In comparison with the laser technique the unquestionable added value of this new method is the fact that it brings a significant reduction in the financial requirements for laboratory equipment. Another important benefit is that the measuring process of bladed wheel mistuning is significantly less time-consuming.
18
Pawan, Kalyani. "An Empirical Study on Transaction from ICE [Internal Combustion Engine- Petrol, Diesel] to EV [Electrical Vehicle]: 2019 Indian Era of Green Mobility with Special reference to the Customer Buying Pattern in Indian Car Segment." Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology Get Adobe Flash player 6, no. 4 (2019): 6–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3381587.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: 2019, the beginning of Green Mobility era in Indian vehicle segment especially with reference to the car segment. Many countries of the world are thinking seriously about the emission from passenger and public transport system. There was the era of ICE [Internal combustion Engines] that leads us to the growth and development pathway in terms of industrial and economic development. Indian market is price sensitive and buyers’ market, where the decision of purchasing depends on many factors. Apart from consumer goods the focus of the research paper is on the Indian car segment, car is moved from the luxury to necessity of the public as the population and variety of car models are available in the market. People shift the decision of purchasing the car from any major or minor reason it is more complex decision as it involves all the family members. In 2019 budget, Government of India has took major steps to push electrical vehicle into market by giving many incentives to car manufacturers and common people. The area of research paper is focusing on the Indian car segment to understand the new upcoming segment in the car that is Electrical power driven cars, to understand more in deep this paper is supported by the views of the customers through an empirical study.
19
Banna, Sumayya, Andri Ottesen, and Basil Alzougool. "Reasons Why Only Kuwaiti Citizens Drive Electric Vehicles despite Being Only a Quarter of the Population." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 10 (2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14100287.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of fully battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) in Kuwait is currently at less than one percent of the population, and hence Kuwait has the lowest index rank among countries around the globe. Effectively, only Kuwaiti nationals have the opportunity to own EVs, as there are no fast direct-current charging stations in Kuwait, and Kuwaiti landlords (expats cannot own real estate) do not allow the installation of EV-charging home wall boxes at their rented properties. Given these facts, this paper only focuses on the preferences of Kuwaiti nationals, even though they only constitute 25 percent of the population of Kuwait. To accomplish the present objectives, a quantitative descriptive method (closed-ended questions) was used to collect data from a sample of 227 Kuwaiti nationals who were representative of the owners of half a million internal combustion engine (ICE) cars and that were categorized as early majority consumers. The findings of the present study indicate that over 50 percent of the respondents would prefer to buy an EV in the following three years when certain criteria were satisfied, including government-controlled pricing policies and recharging point availability, high-speed roads, and free EV-dedicated parking spaces. Furthermore, over 40 percent of respondents stated that they would contemplate purchasing an electric vehicle if the price of gasoline or diesel increased by 19 to 50 percent. The findings also indicated that more than 40 percent of respondents believed that EVs are fire- and crash-safe, and roughly 50 percent of the respondents would be willing to pay between 6 and 20% more for an EV because they believe that EVs are ecofriendlier vehicles and are significantly faster than conventional petrol vehicles. Additionally, respondents rewarded those vehicles with an excellent mark because of their ecological, economical, and technological attributes and benefits.
20
Chandraker, Akhilesh, V. M. Victor, S. V. Jogdand, and D. Khalkho. "Battery Powered Agricultural Sprayers: A Review." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 43, no. 6 (2024): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64390.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural technology is undergoing rapid change, with continuous improvements in farm machinery, buildings, and production facilities. The quest for cheaper and enhanced energy sources is essential for the efficient and seamless operation of these facilities. Day to day depleting reserves of fossil fuels has motivated researchers to work on alternate source of energy. A battery has been proved a good alternative to fossil fuels for the operation of moving objects. A battery-powered agricultural sprayer, driven by a DC pump running on electricity stored in a battery, offers numerous advantages. Their operation is more cost-effective due to lower maintenance costs and has a lesser environmental impact compared to pumps powered by internal combustion engines (ICE). Additionally, they produce less vibration than petrol sprayers. With such sprayers, farmers can conduct spraying operations themselves, thus enhancing efficiency without needing additional labor. Several researchers carried out work on battery powered sprayers, in the different locations of the world. Different types of sprayers have been modified and successfully and efficiently operated on electricity generated in batteries. The review cover both solar power charged batteries and domestic electricity charged batteries. Research findings also indicated the reduction in drudgery of human labours involved in the spraying operation. These sprayers are an excellent means to cover large areas quickly and effortlessly. In summary, this innovative solution addresses the challenges of manual labor while promoting efficient, precise and sustainable agricultural practices.
21
Cummins, C. Lyle, and J. D. Priestman. "William Dent Priestman, Oil Engine Pioneer and Inventor—His Engine Patents 1885–1901." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 2 (1986): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_011_02.
Full textAbstract:
William Dent Priestman (1847–1936) patented in 1885 an internal combustion engine to burn fuels heavier than petrol. Introduced in 1886, it was the first commercially successful engine of its type in the United Kingdom. The biographical paper covers Priestman's engine patents and technical accomplishments as well as business ventures. An assessment of his place in the early history of the development of the internal combustion engine, after 100 years, is discussed.
22
Kirthivasan, A., J. Amitesh Jain, Akhilnandh Ramesh, and D. Ebenezer. "Effect of Ethanol on the Fuel Consumption of a Two Stroke Unmodified Commercial Petrol Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.756.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative fuel source such as ethanol possess great potential to replace conventional fuels such as petrol and diesel. There has been a great increase in the usage of such fuels in the developing world, of late, with many countries having already mandated the usage of ethanol blended petrol. In developing countries, two stroke internal combustion engines continue to be used for powering agricultural implements and auto rickshaws. This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out on the usage of petrol blended with different proportions of ethanol by volume (5%, and 10%) as a fuel for an unmodified and used 100cc two stroke SI engine. The objectives of the experimental investigations are to determine whether ethanol blended petrol can be used as a suitable fuel for the commonly used two stroke internal combustion engine without any modifications. Tests were carried out on the engine, with petrol as the fuel initially and then with ethanol blended petrol with increasing proportion of ethanol. The total fuel consumption rate seemed to increase upon addition of ethanol. However, the brake specific fuel consumption remained fairly constant. The fact that brake specific fuel consumption varies only marginally indicate that ethanol can be used as a substitute for petrol, as a fuel.
23
Suarez, Ya R., V. N. Balabin, and Ya M. Mesa. "Emissions of Pollutant Gases (CO and CO<sub>2</sub> ) when Using Fuel Mixtures (Ethanol-Petrol) in Internal Combustion Engines." World of Transport and Transportation 21, no. 4 (2024): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-12.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the emissions of pollutant gases (CO and CO2) when using fuel mixtures (ethanol-petrol) in internal combustion engines. The experiments were carried out in the Engine Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences of Agrarian University of Havana (AUH) using JACTO engine. To obtain the amount of toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere (CO2 and CO), the balance of the combustion equations was proposed for the different mixtures estimated taking into account the established coefficients of excess air. The analysis of the combustion process based on 10, 20 and 30 percent ethanol mixtures with hydration (80%; 85%; 90 %; 95%) and conventional petrol of category B-85 for rich mixtures (α = 0,85) and for lean mixtures (α = 1,15) showed that CO2 and CO emissions to the atmosphere are reduced to 17% for considered mixtures as compared to petrol. Despite higher relative fuel consumption as compared to petrol, there is a significant positive environmental effect.
24
Akella, Sri Ram Deepak, Akella Yeswanth, and Pasikanti Gayathri. "Mathematical modeling and analysis of a hydrogen based internal combustion engine." Technical Journal of Daukeyev University 2, no. 1 (2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52542/tjdu.2.1.11-20.
Full textAbstract:
The depletion of fossil fuels has raised an urgent demand for carrying out work for researchers and scientists to find an alternative fuel for a more stabilized emission and to minimize the environmental damage and their impact on the future generation. In the future, the energy system needs to be stabilized and has too renewable, sustainable, convenient, and efficient. The convection of all the combustion-based cars into the electric car may not be a suitable idea since the massive creation of the electricity in present technology is also a non-renewable source. So, research has come up with the idea of using alternative fuels in transportation to reduce carbon emissions and preserve fossil fuels for future generations. There is a variety of alternative fuels for an internal combustion engine. However, the hydrogen based internal combustion engine is estimated to be one of the most significant fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The hydrogen usage in the internal combustion engine represents the alternation of petrol to produce the maximum amount of energy. In this paper, a study has been performed to understand the performance of the four-stroke hydrogen engine, which is compared with the standard four-stroke petrol engine to observe the energy supplied, energy losses by the exhaust gasses, thermal efficiency, and work done for both the engines.
25
FRIEDL, Hubert, Günter Fraidl, and Paul Kapus. "Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-102.
Full textAbstract:
In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE – also in passenger cars – will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.
26
Shaymukhametov, Ramil, and Vladimir Strekalov. "The Acoustic Spectrums of the Combustion Process in the IC-Engines." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900026.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the Fourier spectroscopy of the acoustic noise of an internal combustion engine are presented. The sound was recorded using a voice recorders placed near the four-cylinder petrol engine. The engine speed was set to the fixed values from 900 to 3000 rpm. The distinctive characteristics of the periodograms where associated with the certain physical processes in the engine.
27
Razali, Halim, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, and Sohif Mat. "The Application of Aluminum and Hydrochloric Acid to Produce Hydrogen for Internal Combustion Engine via Hydrogen Mixture with Gasoline Based on Specific Fuel Consumption." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1804.
Full textAbstract:
Combustion performance from the use of hydrogen generated through chemical activity between aluminum and hydrochloric acid that can be applied as an alternative fuel source for internal combustion engine needs is the aim of this paper. Applications of a mixture of hydrogen with petrol can be used to increase the combustion performance especially on the effect of sfc. Sfc is the parameter used in stoichiometric ratio for the combustion process. The methodology includes the production process of hydrogen, interpretation of reaction rates and the effect on specific fuel consumption (sfc) for internal combustion engine. This results showed 0.7412 mole of hydrogen can be generated through the chemical reaction between 20 grams of aluminium with 250 ml of hydrochloric acid or 1 kg of aluminium can produce 37.06 moles which is equivalent to 108 grams hydrogen. Fuel economy of each load test was 6.5% (L0), 18.5% (L1) and 30% (L2) in grams per kilowatt hour. The rate used in each test load was 100 g/kWh (L0), 80.77 g/kWh (L1), and 112 g/kWh (L2) compared to petrol of 107 g/kWh (L0), 99.23 g/kWh (L1) and 162 g/kWh (L2). Results from the combustion of petrol, air and hydrogen in proportion of 100 g/kWh, 80.77 g/kWh and 112 g/kWh was able to improve the quality of combustion compared to the normal fuel consumption. The total use of sfc achieved 20.3% savings in grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) with an average value of 98 g/kWh compared to the engine (G) with an average value of 123 g/kWh.
28
Aniegbunem, George, and Andrea Kraj. "Economic Analysis of Sustainable Transportation Transitions: Case Study of the University of Saskatchewan Ground Services Fleet." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075926.
Full textAbstract:
The global transport sector of the world economy contributes about 15% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the world today, and this must be drastically curbed. To reduce GHG emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, the University of Saskatchewan’s Office of Sustainability has directed a green energy transition for the institution in recent years, leading diverse sustainability projects and agendas due to the importance of curbing climate change and advancing sustainability. However, there is a strong need to pursue deep decarbonization within the campus, and the university transport system is a critical operational area that the Sustainability Office has considered for decarbonization to achieve the net-zero agenda of the university. The motivation for this work stems from the directive of the Sustainability Office to transform the campus vehicle fleet as an identified area for curbing GHG emissions and meet the University agenda. This study was organized in partnership with the Sustainability Office and involved an economic benefit analysis of the campus fleet (consisting of 91 ICE vehicles) to determine if it was economically or financially feasible to transition from Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) or PVs (Petrol Vehicles) to Electric Vehicles (EVs). The analysis used RETScreen Expert (a software for analyzing renewable energy technology projects) to model diverse transition scenarios. The variables of Payback Period (PBP), cash flow projections, savings made from transitioning (fuel cost savings and energy cost savings), benefit–cost ratio, and GHG emission reduction potential were analyzed. The findings revealed that the GHG emissions from the campus fleet could be reduced by 100%, resulting in the removal of 298.1 tCO₂ from the environment. The fleet manager could save $CAD 129,049 (88.9%) in fuel costs, and the return on investment could be achieved in year 5 but could be reduced to year 2 if the vehicles were put into constant and active use, eliminating idle times. Lastly, the Sustainability Office would achieve a GHG reduction revenue of CAD 14,906. These findings show that pursuing sustainable transport transitions in the transportation transition for a university campus is financially and economically viable and should be pursued vigorously. The contribution of this work provides examples and evidence to advance policy recommendations to aid the effective and efficient transitioning of the transportation sector, specifically for communities at the scale of university campuses.
29
Sathyamurthy, Ravishankar, and S. A. Hari Krishnan. "Investigation on LPG-Biogas Blends in Spark Ignition Engine." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (March 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.58.
Full textAbstract:
Internal combustion engines normally operate with the nonrenewable sources such as petrol and diesel, which are diminishing at a faster rate. To avoid these problem alternative sources of energy must be opted for the operation of internal combustion engines. In this work biogas is selected as an alternative source of energy for the working of internal combustion engines but possess some limitations due to its high auto ignition temperature and high CO2 content in it. To overcome the limitations biogas is blended with LPG at different proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% are done. The modification of the internal combustion engine is performed to convert it into a gas engine and the tests are conducted on the modified engine with different proportions of blending at various loads. Based on the results of the test conducted the performance characteristics are analyzed.
30
Nwufo, Olisaemeka C., Modestus Okwu, Chidiebere F. Nwaiwu, Johnson O. Igbokwe, O. Martin I. Nwafor, and Emmanuel Enyioma Anyanwu. "The Application of Artificial Neural Network in Prediction of the Performance of Spark Ignition Engine Running on Ethanol-Petrol Blends." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 12 (October 2017): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.12.15.
Full textAbstract:
The performance analysis of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol – petrol blends were carried out successfully at constant load conditions. E0 (Petrol), E10 (10% Ethanol, 90% Petrol), E20 (20% Ethanol, 80% Petrol) and E30 (30% Ethanol, 70% Petrol) were used as fuel. The Engine speed, mass flow rate, combustion efficiency, maximum pressure developed, brake specific fuel consumption and Exhaust gas temperature values were measured during the experiment. Using the experimental data, a Levenberg Marquardt Artificial Neural Network algorithm and Logistic sigmoid activation transfer function with a 4–10–2 model was developed to predict the brake specific fuel consumption, maximum pressure and combustion efficiency of G200 IMEX spark ignition engine using the recorded engine speed, mass flow rate, biofuels ratio and exhaust gas temperature as input variables. The performance of the Artificial Neural Network was validated by comparing the predicted data with the experimental results. The results showed that the training algorithm of Levenberg Marquardt was sufficient enough in predicting the brake specific fuel consumption, combustion pressure and combustion efficiency of the test engine. Correlation coefficient values of 0.974, 0.996 and 0.995 were obtained for brake specific fuel consumption, combustion efficiency and pressure respectively. These correlation coefficient obtained for the output parameters are very close to one (1) showing good correlation between the Artificial Neural Network predicted results and the experimental data while the Mean Square Errors were found to be very low (0.00018825 @ epoch 10 for brake specific fuel consumption, 1.0023 @ epoch 3 for combustion efficiency and 0.0013284@ epoch 5 for in-cylinder pressure). Therefore, Artificial Neural Network toolbox called up from MATLAB proved to be a useful tool for simulation of engine parameters. Artificial Neural Network model provided accurate analysis of these complex problems and has been found to be very useful for predicting the performance of the spark ignition engine. Thus, this has proved that Artificial Neural Network model could be used for predicting performance values in internal combustion engines, in this way it would be possible to conduct time and cost efficient studies instead of long experimental ones.
31
Nwufo, Olisaemeka C., Modestus Okwu, Chidiebere F. Nwaiwu, Johnson O. Igbokwe, O. Martin I. Nwafor, and Emmanuel Enyioma Anyanwu. "The Application of Artificial Neural Network in Prediction of the Performance of Spark Ignition Engine Running on Ethanol-Petrol Blends." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 12 (October 5, 2017): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-s8q66c.
Full textAbstract:
The performance analysis of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol – petrol blends were carried out successfully at constant load conditions. E0 (Petrol), E10 (10% Ethanol, 90% Petrol), E20 (20% Ethanol, 80% Petrol) and E30 (30% Ethanol, 70% Petrol) were used as fuel. The Engine speed, mass flow rate, combustion efficiency, maximum pressure developed, brake specific fuel consumption and Exhaust gas temperature values were measured during the experiment. Using the experimental data, a Levenberg Marquardt Artificial Neural Network algorithm and Logistic sigmoid activation transfer function with a 4–10–2 model was developed to predict the brake specific fuel consumption, maximum pressure and combustion efficiency of G200 IMEX spark ignition engine using the recorded engine speed, mass flow rate, biofuels ratio and exhaust gas temperature as input variables. The performance of the Artificial Neural Network was validated by comparing the predicted data with the experimental results. The results showed that the training algorithm of Levenberg Marquardt was sufficient enough in predicting the brake specific fuel consumption, combustion pressure and combustion efficiency of the test engine. Correlation coefficient values of 0.974, 0.996 and 0.995 were obtained for brake specific fuel consumption, combustion efficiency and pressure respectively. These correlation coefficient obtained for the output parameters are very close to one (1) showing good correlation between the Artificial Neural Network predicted results and the experimental data while the Mean Square Errors were found to be very low (0.00018825 @ epoch 10 for brake specific fuel consumption, 1.0023 @ epoch 3 for combustion efficiency and 0.0013284@ epoch 5 for in-cylinder pressure). Therefore, Artificial Neural Network toolbox called up from MATLAB proved to be a useful tool for simulation of engine parameters. Artificial Neural Network model provided accurate analysis of these complex problems and has been found to be very useful for predicting the performance of the spark ignition engine. Thus, this has proved that Artificial Neural Network model could be used for predicting performance values in internal combustion engines, in this way it would be possible to conduct time and cost efficient studies instead of long experimental ones.
32
BOGUSŁAWSKI, Leon, and Janusz RABIEGA. "Influence of the type of fuel on the heat transfer in internal combustion engine." Combustion Engines 128, no. 1 (2007): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117333.
Full textAbstract:
Due to diminishing liquid fuel resources comparing with gaseous fuel as well as difference in their price one can observe a tendency to substitute liquid fuel with gaseous one. The reduction in the emission of toxic ingredients of fumes is also of extreme importance. However, together with the change of the fuel new problems have occurred. One of them is the increase in heat load that shortens the life of an engine. Therefore, studies on the chosen type of an engine were carried out. A heat flux in representative points of the engine’s head was measured. The engine was firstly fed with petrol, later with LPG. For both types of fuel the obtained power was similar. Studies showed a significant growth in heat load on the surface of the engine’s head after changing the fuel from petrol to LPG.
33
Chríbik, Andrej, Marián Polóni, Ján Lach, Ľubomír Jančošek, Peter Kunc, and Josef Zbranek. "Internal Combustion Engine Powered by Synthesis Gas from Pyrolysed Plastics." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 1 (2016): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2016-0009.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe article discusses the application of synthesis gas from pyrolysis of plastics in petrol engine. The appropriate experimental measurements were performed on a combustion engine LGW 702 designated for micro-cogeneration unit. The power parameters, economic parameters in term of brake specific fuel consumption, and internal parameters of the engine were compared to the engine running on the reference fuel - natural gas and synthesis gas. Burning synthesis gas leads to decreased performance by about 5% and to increased mass hourly consumption by 120 %. In terms of burning, synthesis gas has similar properties as natural gas. Compared with [5] a more detailed study has been prepared on the effects of angle of spark advance on the engine torque, giving more detailed assessment of engine cycle variability and considering specification of start and end of combustion in the logarithm p-V diagram.
34
Mokhtar, Azizul, Nazrul Atan, Najib Rahman, and Amir Khalid. "Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.430.
Full textAbstract:
Bio-additive is biodegradable and produces less air pollution thus significant for replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threats to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. Instead, the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. Some of the bio-additive has the ability to reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. This review paper focuses to determine a new approach in potential of bio-additives blends operating with bio-petrol on performance and emissions of spark ignition engine. It is shown that the variant in bio-additives blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. It seems that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the friction coefficient. The review concludes that the additives usage in bio-petrol is inseparable for the better engine performance and emission control and further research is needed to develop bio-petrol specific additives.
35
Miruašvili, Vladimir, Aleksandr Haribegašvili, and Georgij Kuteliâ. "Improving efficiency of internal combustion engine: Perspectives of application free piston engine in agricultural engineering." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 3 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203067m.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses various schematic diagrams of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and shows their main disadvantages, in particular, low efficiency, which, depending on the type of modern ICE, ranges from 0.25 to 0.5. To increase this indicator, the search for more advanced ICE schemes continues. For this purpose, a new schematic diagram of a free-piston internal combustion engine (FPICE) is proposed, in which power is transferred by a hydraulic drive, as a result, the efficiency increases from 30 to 40%.
36
Chríbik, Andrej, Marián Polóni, Ján Lach, Ľubomír Jančošek, Peter Kunc, and Josef Zbranek. "Synthesis Gas from Pyrolysed Plastics for Combustion Engine." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stu-2015-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article discusses the application of synthesis gas from pyrolysis of plastics in petrol engine. The appropriate experimental measurements were performed on a combustion engine LGW 702 designated for micro-cogeneration unit. The power parameters, economic and internal parameters of the engine were compared to the engine running on the reference fuel - natural gas and synthesis gas. Burning synthesis gas leads to decreased performance by about 5% and to increased mass hourly consumption by 120%. In terms of burning, synthesis gas has similar properties as natural gas. More significant changes are observed in even burning of fuel in consecutive cycles.
37
Okokpujie, I. P., A. O. Ojo, B. A. Adaramola, M. Oladimeji, R. I. Ogundele, and C. J. Abiodun. "Study of Corrosion, Wear, and Thermal Analysis of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines and their Compatibility: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1322, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1322/1/012007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Several types of research have been carried out on using alternative biofuel in internal combustion engines to salvage the depletion of fossil fuels. While most of these studies focused on the emission characteristics and control of global warming, little attention has been given to the corrosion, wear, thermal behaviour, and compatibility of the internal combustion engine materials to biodiesel. Thus, this study focused on the various corrosion and wear mechanisms associated with the internal combustion engine components like piston and cylinder heads, as well as the thermal behaviour efficiencies of the engine after interaction with the biodiesel fuels. The review cut across the wear study of internal combustion engine materials in varying fuel environments. Thermal analysis of different materials applied for internal combustion engines for sustainable fuel media. Corrosion study of various materials employed in the application of ICE engines. Also, the study discusses some significant challenges related to the compatibility of ICE with biodiesel and gaseous fuels. The study’s outcome indicates that an adequate fuel blend with nano additives can help improve the combustion process, emission reduction, and thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine components. Furthermore, practical design in the internal combustion engine components like pistons will help compatibility with the material in the biodiesel blends, thus reducing wear, corrosion, and other failures associated with the internal combustion engine.
38
Pranav, Sonawane Pundlik Patil. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SWIRL CHAMBER TYPE INDUCTION SYSTEM FOR A FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 5 (2017): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.571589.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional spark ignition engine have defects such as high exhaust emission, low power and efficiency due to incomplete combustion which occur during idling & at part load operations conditions. The introduction swirl chamber to the engine allows proper mixing of fuel & air giving complete control on combustion and emissions and thereby increasing power and efficiency. Another significant advantage of using swirl chamber is that it is economical too as it provides a correct estimation of the quality of fuel required at proper time & provides control over combustion. Swirl chamber is becoming an important option to further optimize internal combustion engine. Accordingly a system having swirl chamber type induction system has designed and developed.
39
Adil, H., S. Gerguri, and J. Durodola. "Evolution of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines Pistons." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230827.
Full textAbstract:
Piston is one of the most important components in an internal combustion engine which transfers combustion energy to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Increase in an engine’s efficiency has somehow necessitated improvement in the piston. This improvement can be achieved by better piston design or using material with superior mechanical properties. Engineers have experimented with different materials for pistons since the introduction of internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the evolution of materials for pistons since the beginning of automotive industry to present day and analyses the properties that attracted engineers to use these materials. The paper also focuses on newly developed materials that have the potentials to replace current piston materials and the work that is taking place. The current trend of changing from diesel to petrol in small internal combustion engines and the affect this will have on piston materials has been analysed. Keywords: Aluminium, Combustion Engine, Nanostructured, Piston Material, Piston.
40
Razali, Halim, Kamaruzaman Sopian, and Sohif Mat. "Hydrogen Blended with Gasoline for Internal Combustion Engine Effect on Specific Fuel Consumption Based on Load Tests (L0,L1,L2)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1239.
Full textAbstract:
The instability of petroleum prices in the world market has caused the price of fuel in Malaysia to increase, especially in the transportation sector. As an alternative, a research has been conducted from a technical aspect on the profitability of using hydrogen onboard as fuel for internal combustion engine. The process of producing hydrogen through chemical reaction between aluminum and hydrochloric acid (Al+HCl) has been successfully applied. Applications using a mixture of petrol with hydrogen (P+H2) as an alternative fuel in four-stroke motorcycles have been tested using a chassis dynamometer model ATV Inertial Dyno, 054-500-1K. Hydrogen requirement in the petrol mixing ratio is dependent on the operating system of the engine ignition system which is controlled by hydrogen pressure in the cylinder. Three stages of load test on the engine performance have been conducted on the chassis dynamometer, namely, load test L0 is equal 0 ampere (L0), load test L1 is equal 1 ampere, and load test L2 is equal 2. This results showed 0.7412 mole of hydrogen can be generated through the chemical reaction between 20 grams of aluminium with 250 ml of hydrochloric acid or 1 kg of aluminium can produce 37.06 moles which is equivalent to 108 grams hydrogen. Fuel economy of each load test was 6.5% (L0), 18.5% (L1) and 30% (L2) in grams per kilowatt hour. The rate used in each test load was 100 g/kWh (L0), 80.77 g/kWh (L1), and 112 g/kWh (L2) compared to petrol of 107 g/kWh (L0), 99.23 g/kWh (L1) and 162 g/kWh (L2). Results from the combustion of petrol, air and hydrogen in proportion of 100 g/kWh, 80.77 g/kWh and 112 g/kWh was able to improve the quality of combustion compared to the normal fuel consumption. The total use of sfc achieved 20.3% savings in grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) with an average value of 98 g/kWh compared to the engine (G) with an average value of 123 g/kWh. The successful development of a prototype model with a reduction in fuel consumption in the system's ability to meet the basic needs of the internal combustion engine cycle can be beneficial to the development of the automotive industry, particularly in the transport sector.
41
Zlenko, M. A., and A. S. Terenchenko. "E-fuels – last hope for internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-15-34.
Full textAbstract:
In July 2021, the EU approved the Fit for 55 package, one of the aims of which was to completely cease manufacturing vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) in the EU by 2035. Will this happen or does the ICE still have chances to remain a part of the vehicle powertrain for a long time to come? In recent years, the topic of so-called e-fuels or electrofuels – synthetic fuels created based on green hydrogen (produced with the help of green electricity) and carbon dioxide extracted from the atmosphere – has been extensively discussed in Europe and in the USA. Their main advantage, as the supporters of e-fuels claim, is that they are produced from renewable natural materials – water and air – and are ecologically neutral. Is it true and will e-fuels save the ICE?
42
Gritsenko, A. V., and K. V. Glemba. "INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PETROL ICE UNDER OZONIZATION OF FAM COMPONENTS." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-3-35-44.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical investigation with reasoning of petrol fuel combustion in the ambient and ozone medium was made. Methods of carrying out the experiment using the engine loading method due to application of power of mechanical losses of deactivated cylinders were worked out. Experimental studies envisage determination of influence of ozone additive into fuel air mix on the basic effective ICE performance, for this purpose cyclic fuel consumption parameter was used. After the analysis of ICE performance methods and control techniques, its condition was evaluated, for this purpose a compressor meter was used with preliminary pressurization of cylinders. During the experiment in order to load the engine its third and fourth cylinders were switched off. The results showed that the utmost fuel efficiency is found at crankshaft rotation values of 1450 and 3350 min-1, when cyclic fuel consumption rate has values of 1,35 and 1,27 mg/cycle respectively, which makes 7,4 and 7,0 % from identical indicators without ozonation of air mass at the same rotations. In general, the effect of fuel air mix ozonation makes it possible to develop target petrol-operated engine rotations at smaller fuel consumption rate, this way increasing its energy efficiency.
43
Lalit, Kumar* Dharmendra Patel Vinod Sehrawat Tarun Gupta. "AN ANALYSIS OF PETROL - COMPRESSED AIR POWERED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE: A HYBRID ENGINE CONCEPT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 7 (2016): 386–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56994.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays environment pollution becomes a much serious issue in the world. Vehicles’ exhaust product is one of the major source of environmental pollution. The engine combustion products are causing the greenhouse effect, acid rains, ozone layer depletion and some other pollution. On the other hand, many study research on fossil fuel in the previous years, observed that if the oil is consumed at this rates, 81% of the entire available resource will be consumed very soon. So now we begin to get some alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. There is some alternative sources of energy, like battery, photocells, hydrogen fuel cell, bio-diesel or compressed air can be chose. Among them, compressed air is freely available as well as free from pollution contents , and also can be compressed to higher pressures at an extremely low cost. Present work describes the compressed air technology that addresses the problems of exhaust gas pollution from automobiles, as well as utilization of fuel. The development of the compressed air powered engine model starts with modify the existing engine, cleaning of engine ,and re-assembling of the parts as per need. After that build the engine into two working stages that working with gasoline for two cylinders in the first stage and working with compressed air for rest one cylinders in the second stage. In this thesis, the research focuses on the second stage.
44
Vítek, Oldřich, Jan Macek, Vít Doleček, et al. "APPLICATION OF ADVANCED COMBUSTION MODELS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES BASED ON 3-D CFD LES APPROACH." Acta Polytechnica 61, SI (2021): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0014.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the application of advanced simulation techniques for combustion modeling in the case of an internal combustion engine. The main focus is put on models with a high predictive ability hence 3-D CFD was selected while using LES (turbulence model) and detailed chemistry (both SI and CI ICE) or turbulent flame propagation (SI ICE). Both engine types are considered – spark ignited ICE and a compression ignited engine. Examples are shown and comparison with available experimental data is presented. The main conclusion is that such models are capable of high quality predictions while very little tuning is needed. This is desired as such models could be applied in the early phases of ICE development. On the other hand, such calculations are very demanding in terms of computational power.
45
Joshi, Abhishek, C. Vivek Kumar, B. Kavitha Rani, Muhamed Hussain, and L. Suvonova. "Finite element analysis of internal combustion engine cylinder head." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456411001.
Full textAbstract:
The cylinder head is a vital component of an internal combustion engine (ICE), playing a critical role in the combustion process, sealing the combustion chamber, and facilitating efficient heat dissipation. With the increasing demand for higher performance, efficiency, and durability of engines, the design and analysis of cylinder heads have become paramount. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing the structural integrity, thermal behavior, and performance of cylinder heads under various operating conditions.This abstract presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in FEA studies focused on ICE cylinder heads. The analysis encompasses aspects such as static and dynamic structural integrity, thermal stress distribution, and fluid-structure interaction within the combustion chamber. Various loading conditions including thermal loads from combustion, mechanical loads from valve actuation, and pressure loads from combustion gases are considered in the simulations.
46
Doric, Jovan, and Ivan Klinar. "Efficiency characteristics of a new quasi-constant volume combustion spark ignition engine." Thermal Science 17, no. 1 (2013): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120530158d.
Full textAbstract:
A zero dimensional model has been used to investigate the combustion performance of a four cylinder petrol engine with unconventional piston motion. The main feature of this new spark ignition (SI) engine concept is the realization of quasi-constant volume (QCV) during combustion process. Presented mechanism is designed to obtain a specific motion law which provides better fuel consumption of internal combustion (IC) engines. These advantages over standard engine are achieved through synthesis of unconventional piston mechanism. The numerical calculation was performed for several cases of different piston mechanism parameters, compression ratio and engine speed. Calculated efficiency and power diagrams are plotted and compared with performance of ordinary SI engine. The results show that combustion during quasi-constant volume has significant impact on improvement of efficiency. The main aim of this paper is to find a proper kinematics parameter of unconventional piston mechanism for most efficient heat addition in SI engines.
47
Sitdikov, V. M., N. Yu Dudareva, A. A. Ishemguzhin, and I. A. Dautov. "Emission control and reduction in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-83-95.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The task of emission control and reduction for internal combustion engines (ICE) is a relevant issue of the modern engine building. However, the catalytic converters potential is limited and almost exhausted. The paper authors study the possibility to partially reduce toxic emissions directly in the engine combustion chamber by means of the ceramic coating formed on the piston crown.The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of the coating formed by the method of microarc oxidation on the combustion chamber parts on the ICE exhaust toxicity.Methodology and research methods. The experimental method of research was applied. The research was carried out on the RMZ-551i engine. Engine tests were performed in various load modes: the rotation rate changed from 2000 to 6000 rpm, and the throttle opening amounted to 25, 50, 75 and 100% in each speed mode.Results. The paper presents experimental data proving the real possibility to decrease the ICE exhaust gas toxicity through formation of a ceramic coating on the piston crown. A relative decrease of carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust gases by 3.1% was noticed when using coatings on pistons compared to using standard pistons. Along with the decrease of CO amount, a relative increase of carbon dioxide (СО2) concentration by 2.1% is noticed.Practical significance. The provided experimental data obtained in the engine tests showed the possibility to partially reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases directly in the combustion chamber by means of the coating on the piston crown formed by microarc oxidation method.
48
Shrimali, Vinay. "Design of Hydrogen Combustion Engine (Conceptual Brainstorming)." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37775.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen combustion engines present a promising pathway for cleaner transportation, leveraging existing internal combustion engine (ICE) technologies. The design of hydrogen-fueled ICEs requires significant modifications to conventional gasoline or diesel engines due to hydrogen’s distinct combustion properties. This research outlines the key design considerations for hydrogen combustion engines, including fuel storage and injection, combustion chamber modifications, ignition control, and exhaust treatment. The study also discusses recent advancements in engine efficiency, NOx reduction, and dual-fuel systems, along with the challenges of implementing hydrogen-based ICEs in commercial applications. Keywords: hydrogen, combustion, design, ICE, alternative fuels
49
Nikitina, G. I., A. N. Kozlov, and M. V. Penzik. "Experimental study of an internal combustion engine fueled by a low-calorific value producer gas." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2150, no. 1 (2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2150/1/012015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper describes an experimental study of the operation of an internal combustion engine of fueled by a low-calorific value gas. The main operating parameters of low-power ICE were determined. Efficiency was also evaluated when the ICE was converted to operate on producer gas. In the experiment, it was shown that the engine reached a stable operating mode under load and data on the temperature and exhaust gases composition were obtained. According to our estimates, in the steady-state operation of the internal combustion engine with a load, the efficiency factor was about 22 %. When using the model gas, the from generator output power, was about 30-40 % of the nominal value, under variable load conditions. However, it was found that in steady-state operation, the power of the internal combustion engine was 40-55% of the nominal value.
50
Yash, Bhalekar, Adole Girish, Patel Jinay, and Ghodke Pradyumna. "Hybrid Electric All-Wheel Drive System." Hybrid Electric All-Wheel Drive System 8, no. 11 (2023): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10183729.
Full textAbstract:
The development of electric vehicles was spurred by the environmental consequence of Internal Combustion Engine automobiles in the recent decades. One of the many advantages of electric vehicles over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is that, these vehicles do not release carbon dioxide into the air. The world is shifting to electric cars (EVs) as a new, better form of transportation due to its many advantages over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In comparison to that electric vehicles have less operating and maintenance costs, and their The efficiency of tank to wheel is three times greater than that of internal combustion engine vehicles. The problem statement lists the major drawbacks of electric vehicles, despite the fact that they are the best option. Our plan combines the main advantages and benefits of both technologies in an effort to close the gap between pure electric and conventional internal combustion engine cars. Making any current internal combustion engine vehicle as efficient as possible is the primary objective of the project. Our car can simply run on two different sources of energy, or perhaps both at once. It can operate as a hybrid AWD car (when a great level of power is required), a pure electric vehicle, or a pure Internal Combustion Engine vehicle. Research indicates that the typical urban resident drives their automobile for no more than 25 kilometre a day and leaves it parked most of the time. That person may therefore go that distance entirely on electricity, and our car's solar energy system will replenish the energy used while driving. The individual will therefore be able to produce sustainable energy using our car at no cost to them. Our vehicle's use will definitely have a big impact because the use of ICE vehicles is quickly increasing environmental pollution. The fact that most power is still produced by burning coal makes even fully electric vehicles (EVs) an indirect source of pollution.Keywords:- Li-ion Battery System for HEV, Electric Car, Hybrid Vehicles, Transformation Equipment forIC Engines to EVs.