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1
FRIEDL, Hubert, Günter Fraidl, and Paul Kapus. "Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-102.
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In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE – also in passenger cars – will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.
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Okokpujie, I. P., A. O. Ojo, B. A. Adaramola, M. Oladimeji, R. I. Ogundele, and C. J. Abiodun. "Study of Corrosion, Wear, and Thermal Analysis of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines and their Compatibility: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1322, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1322/1/012007.
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Abstract Several types of research have been carried out on using alternative biofuel in internal combustion engines to salvage the depletion of fossil fuels. While most of these studies focused on the emission characteristics and control of global warming, little attention has been given to the corrosion, wear, thermal behaviour, and compatibility of the internal combustion engine materials to biodiesel. Thus, this study focused on the various corrosion and wear mechanisms associated with the internal combustion engine components like piston and cylinder heads, as well as the thermal behaviour efficiencies of the engine after interaction with the biodiesel fuels. The review cut across the wear study of internal combustion engine materials in varying fuel environments. Thermal analysis of different materials applied for internal combustion engines for sustainable fuel media. Corrosion study of various materials employed in the application of ICE engines. Also, the study discusses some significant challenges related to the compatibility of ICE with biodiesel and gaseous fuels. The study’s outcome indicates that an adequate fuel blend with nano additives can help improve the combustion process, emission reduction, and thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine components. Furthermore, practical design in the internal combustion engine components like pistons will help compatibility with the material in the biodiesel blends, thus reducing wear, corrosion, and other failures associated with the internal combustion engine.
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Shrimali, Vinay. "Design of Hydrogen Combustion Engine (Conceptual Brainstorming)." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37775.
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Hydrogen combustion engines present a promising pathway for cleaner transportation, leveraging existing internal combustion engine (ICE) technologies. The design of hydrogen-fueled ICEs requires significant modifications to conventional gasoline or diesel engines due to hydrogen’s distinct combustion properties. This research outlines the key design considerations for hydrogen combustion engines, including fuel storage and injection, combustion chamber modifications, ignition control, and exhaust treatment. The study also discusses recent advancements in engine efficiency, NOx reduction, and dual-fuel systems, along with the challenges of implementing hydrogen-based ICEs in commercial applications. Keywords: hydrogen, combustion, design, ICE, alternative fuels
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Truong, Thanh Hai, and Van Huong Dong. "Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 9 (2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.9.1511.
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The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.
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Truong, Thanh Hai, and Van Huong Dong. "An Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 9 (2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.9.1511.
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The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.
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Orobinsky, Vladimir, Andrey Kornev, Maxim Tishkovsky, and Evgenii Grigorev. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING NUT SHELLS WHEN CLEANING ICE BY ABRASIVE BLASTING." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 2 (April 30, 2025): 134–42. https://doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2025-2-134-142.
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The use of shells of some types of nuts as a relatively soft abrasive material with a democratic cost is proposed for cleaning the internal surfaces of internal combustion engines, which, due to the dissolution of certain elements of their chemical composition in engine oil, should gradually transform into fine particles with the formation of a suspension. This feature allows for more efficient removal of shell elements remaining after cleaning units when replacing filters and oil, which minimizes the likelihood of internal combustion engine wear from the effects of particles. We conducted an experiment to determine the type of shell with the best properties for forming suspended particles when interacting with engine oil. Hazelnut, walnut, pistachio, coconut and macadamia nut shells were used in the experiment. The samples were subjected to conditions simulating their presence in an internal combustion engine. The experiment was divided into two stages equal to 60 and 180 minutes. These intervals are justified by the time intervals spent on running-in engines on the stand after major repairs. The main method for assessing the result of the experiment is the analysis of motor oil for the content of mechanical impurities. The express method for assessing the contamination of motor oil was used. The intermediate and final results of the experiment were recorded in a photo report. The most priority type of shell (coconut) was identified based on the results of this experiment according to the criterion of the effectiveness of removing particles when changing the oil to clean the internal surfaces of the internal combustion engine from oil deposits.
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Khannanov, M. D., E. R. Alimgulov, L. I. Fardeev, and A. S. Kulikov. "The future of the internal combustion engine: actual development tasks." Trudy NAMI, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-82-90.
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Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The forthcoming vehicle environmental regulations to be introduced in the European Union (EU) in 2025–2026 involve aggressive emission limit scenarios combined with new real-world test conditions. The new environmental concept sets ambitious goals in relation to the power line of traditional vehicles with an internal combustion engine (ICE), such as: the main source of energy for automotive technology; high efficiency (more than 50% efficiency); ultra-low fuel consumption and ultra-low emissions (CO2, NOx, PM).The purpose of the study was to analyze the prospective fuel efficiency and environmental safety requirements for wheeled vehicles to determine the main directions of internal combustion engines development to meet these requirements.Methodology and research methods. The analytical methods of research included: the analysis of the commercial engines market; the investigation of world projects to tighten the requirements for environmental safety of wheeled vehicles; the study of the main internal combustion engines development concepts. Results. The prospective requirements for internal combustion engines have been analyzed, and as result of it, the concept of ICE development, the promising internal combustion engine view and an exhaust gas after-treatment system (EGATS) were worked out.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used for determining the requirements and main directions of research and development work when creating the new generations of internal combustion engines.
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Joshi, Abhishek, C. Vivek Kumar, B. Kavitha Rani, Muhamed Hussain, and L. Suvonova. "Finite element analysis of internal combustion engine cylinder head." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456411001.
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The cylinder head is a vital component of an internal combustion engine (ICE), playing a critical role in the combustion process, sealing the combustion chamber, and facilitating efficient heat dissipation. With the increasing demand for higher performance, efficiency, and durability of engines, the design and analysis of cylinder heads have become paramount. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing the structural integrity, thermal behavior, and performance of cylinder heads under various operating conditions.This abstract presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in FEA studies focused on ICE cylinder heads. The analysis encompasses aspects such as static and dynamic structural integrity, thermal stress distribution, and fluid-structure interaction within the combustion chamber. Various loading conditions including thermal loads from combustion, mechanical loads from valve actuation, and pressure loads from combustion gases are considered in the simulations.
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Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.
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Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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Lepeshkin, Alexander V., and Van Hoa Nguyen. "To the question of the description of the internal combustion engine in the mathematical model of the lifting system of the hovercraft (on the example of the ZMZ-51432.10 CRS engine)." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 17, no. 2 (2023): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-472097.
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Introduction. It is known that about one third of the total capacity of the power plant of the hovercraft (SVP) is spent on the creation of an air cushion that ensures the rise of the main hull of the vessel. At the same time, in SVP, the source of mechanical energy, as a rule, is a diesel internal combustion engine (ICE). This article discusses one of the issues related to the creation of a mathematical model of the lifting system of the SVP, using: ICE, hydraulic transmission, axial fans and an air cushion nozzle scheme. Since in the vast majority of cases, the internal combustion engine performs its work in partial load modes, it becomes necessary to effectively control the power of the internal combustion engine in order to achieve its high efficiency in partial load modes.
 AIMS. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical description of the operation of the internal combustion engine both in external and partial modes of operation, for use in a mathematical model of the operation of the lifting system of the SVP.
 Methods. In this study, a ZMZ-51432.10 CRS diesel engine is used for the lifting system of the hovercraft.
 Results. Using the data obtained using the DIESEL-RK program for this ICE, in the Microsoft Excel environment, the corresponding trend lines were obtained for them by approximating the points that identify the partial characteristics of the engine with fourth-order polynomials, as well as the dependence of the coefficients of these polynomials on the control parameter of the ICE operation mode .
 Conclusion. The developed mathematical description of engine operation can be integrated with various load models when simulating real systems using internal combustion engines as energy sources. This means that it can also be used in mathematical modeling of the SVP lifting system in the MATLAB Simulink package.The approach proposed in this article makes it possible to build mathematical models of various systems using internal combustion engines, simplifying the study and saving computational time. Also, the results obtained can be of reference value.
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Sitdikov, V. M., N. Yu Dudareva, A. A. Ishemguzhin, and I. A. Dautov. "Emission control and reduction in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-83-95.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The task of emission control and reduction for internal combustion engines (ICE) is a relevant issue of the modern engine building. However, the catalytic converters potential is limited and almost exhausted. The paper authors study the possibility to partially reduce toxic emissions directly in the engine combustion chamber by means of the ceramic coating formed on the piston crown.The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of the coating formed by the method of microarc oxidation on the combustion chamber parts on the ICE exhaust toxicity.Methodology and research methods. The experimental method of research was applied. The research was carried out on the RMZ-551i engine. Engine tests were performed in various load modes: the rotation rate changed from 2000 to 6000 rpm, and the throttle opening amounted to 25, 50, 75 and 100% in each speed mode.Results. The paper presents experimental data proving the real possibility to decrease the ICE exhaust gas toxicity through formation of a ceramic coating on the piston crown. A relative decrease of carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust gases by 3.1% was noticed when using coatings on pistons compared to using standard pistons. Along with the decrease of CO amount, a relative increase of carbon dioxide (СО2) concentration by 2.1% is noticed.Practical significance. The provided experimental data obtained in the engine tests showed the possibility to partially reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases directly in the combustion chamber by means of the coating on the piston crown formed by microarc oxidation method.
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Zhigulin, D. A., and D. A. Zhigulin. "Ensuring the service life and reliability of valve mechanisms at different stages of the development of internal combustion engines." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (2021): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-53-55.
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The main directions of the development of internal combustion engines (ICE) are to increase the specific power and efficiency, as well as to meet the ever-tightening environmental standards. From the very beginning, the improvement of the internal combustion engine was accompanied by an increase in the parameters and design development of air supply and gas exchange systems, including valve mechanisms and corresponding actuators. The process of developing an internal combustion engine based on changes in the design, the level of forcing, and the technologies used should be divided into four stages.
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Alrwashdeh, Saad S. "Investigation of the effect of the injection pressure on the direct-ignition diesel engine performance." AIMS Energy 10, no. 2 (2022): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022018.
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<abstract> <p>Internal combustion engines (ICE) play a major role in converting the energy with its different types in order to benefit from it for various applications such as transportation, energy generation, and many others applications. Internal combustion engines use two main types of operation cycles, namely the Otto and Diesel cycles. Many development processes are carried out to improve the efficiency of the ICE nowadays such as working on the design of the combustion engine and the material selections and others. One of the main parameters which play an important role in improving the diesel engine is the fuel pressure. By increasing the fuel pressure injected into the engine, the efficiency, in consequence, will increase. This work investigates the injection pressure of the fuel (Diesel) and studies the effect of these changes on engine efficiency. It was found that the increase in injection pressure significantly affected the improvement in engine performance. Such improved engine subsystems will have a great impact on the energy extracted and used for various engineering applications.</p> </abstract>
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Yash, Bhalekar, Adole Girish, Patel Jinay, and Ghodke Pradyumna. "Hybrid Electric All-Wheel Drive System." Hybrid Electric All-Wheel Drive System 8, no. 11 (2023): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10183729.
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The development of electric vehicles was spurred by the environmental consequence of Internal Combustion Engine automobiles in the recent decades. One of the many advantages of electric vehicles over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is that, these vehicles do not release carbon dioxide into the air. The world is shifting to electric cars (EVs) as a new, better form of transportation due to its many advantages over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In comparison to that electric vehicles have less operating and maintenance costs, and their The efficiency of tank to wheel is three times greater than that of internal combustion engine vehicles. The problem statement lists the major drawbacks of electric vehicles, despite the fact that they are the best option. Our plan combines the main advantages and benefits of both technologies in an effort to close the gap between pure electric and conventional internal combustion engine cars. Making any current internal combustion engine vehicle as efficient as possible is the primary objective of the project. Our car can simply run on two different sources of energy, or perhaps both at once. It can operate as a hybrid AWD car (when a great level of power is required), a pure electric vehicle, or a pure Internal Combustion Engine vehicle. Research indicates that the typical urban resident drives their automobile for no more than 25 kilometre a day and leaves it parked most of the time. That person may therefore go that distance entirely on electricity, and our car's solar energy system will replenish the energy used while driving. The individual will therefore be able to produce sustainable energy using our car at no cost to them. Our vehicle's use will definitely have a big impact because the use of ICE vehicles is quickly increasing environmental pollution. The fact that most power is still produced by burning coal makes even fully electric vehicles (EVs) an indirect source of pollution.Keywords:- Li-ion Battery System for HEV, Electric Car, Hybrid Vehicles, Transformation Equipment forIC Engines to EVs.
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Sadriev, Artur G., Danir M. Shamsutdinov, Stanislav A. Viltsyn, Malik Kh Nizamutdinov, and Olga V. Ivanova. "SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BASED ON MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION." International Journal of Advanced Studies 14, no. 2 (2024): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2024-14-2-286.
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The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the need to ensure reliable operation of vehicles and minimize the risks of interruptions in the operation of internal combustion engines (ICE). A common phenomenon in operation is misfiring, which negatively affects the efficiency of the ICE and can lead to emergencies that entail significant financial and temporary losses for commercial companies. The problem is the need to identify and prevent such malfunctions early. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a system for monitoring and analyzing the technical condition of the internal combustion engine through vibration measurements. Method and methodology. The work used the method of in-place diagnostics, the use of which increases efficiency of determining the technical condition of the vehicle internal combustion engine. Results. This article describes the system developed by the authors for checking the technical condition of an internal combustion engine. As a result, software to process and record vibration and timing data has been developed in MATLAB. The study of influence of defects in mechanisms and systems of internal combustion engine on uniformity of time-amplitude characteristic of vibration pulses of each individual cylinder, which occur during operation of internal combustion engine, was carried out by calculation and experimentation. As a key conclusion, it is noted that the developed system allows to quickly and non-invasively identify the idle cylinder or the one of which contribution to the rotational movement of the crankshaft is the least compared to others. The research makes it possible to provide diagnostics in a short time using available means. Scope of application of the results. the research results were tested in the conditions of a service company when diagnosing the internal combustion engines of passenger cars and trucks, and can be applied by both car repair shops and car enthusiasts.
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Miruašvili, Vladimir, Aleksandr Haribegašvili, and Georgij Kuteliâ. "Improving efficiency of internal combustion engine: Perspectives of application free piston engine in agricultural engineering." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 3 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203067m.
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The article discusses various schematic diagrams of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and shows their main disadvantages, in particular, low efficiency, which, depending on the type of modern ICE, ranges from 0.25 to 0.5. To increase this indicator, the search for more advanced ICE schemes continues. For this purpose, a new schematic diagram of a free-piston internal combustion engine (FPICE) is proposed, in which power is transferred by a hydraulic drive, as a result, the efficiency increases from 30 to 40%.
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Isaac, Oamen Festus, and Ofuafo Anthony Edema. "The Importance of Thermal Barrier Coating in Compression and Spark Ignition Engines." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 1738–42. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C6011.049420.
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This paper explains the importance of applying thermal barrier coating (TBC) technique in internal combustion engines by providing an effective way of reducing gas emission which are carbon monoxide (CO), oxide of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbon (HC) including particulate matter (PM) thereby increasing engine performance (brake thermal efficiency) achieved by applying coating layers on some internal combustion engine parts using materials with low thermal conductivities and matched coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE close to the substrate material) which are mainly ceramics. Energy demand for various activities of life is increasing on a daily basis. The world depends majorly on non-renewable energy sources from fossil fuels to meet these energy demands. To be comfortable in life, better means of transportation and provision of power are required. Compression and spark ignition engines which are also called Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) provide better transport facilities and power. However, combusting these fuels in automobile and stationary engines produces unfriendly atmosphere, contaminates water and air that are consumed by man. Pollution created as a result of combustion of gases in ICE is one of the worst man made contribution to atmospheric pollution.
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Garcia-Basurto, Alejandro, Angel Perez-Cruz, Aurelio Dominguez-Gonzalez, and Juan J. Saucedo-Dorantes. "Modeling and Prediction of Carbon Monoxide during the Start-Up in ICE through VARX Regression." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112493.
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In a global society that is increasingly interrelated and focused on mobility, carbon monoxide emissions derived from internal combustion vehicles remain the most important factor that must be addressed to improve environmental quality. Certainly, air pollution generated by internal combustion engines threatens human health and the well-being of the planet. In this regard, this paper aims to address the urgent need to understand and face the CO emissions produced by internal combustion vehicles; therefore, this work proposes a mathematical model based on Auto-Regressive Exogenous that predicts the CO percentages produced by an internal combustion engine during its start-up. The main goal is to establish a strategy for diagnosing excessive CO emissions caused by changes in the engine temperature. The proposed CO emissions modeling is evaluated under a real dataset obtained from experiments, and the obtained results make the proposed method suitable for being implemented as a novel diagnosis tool in automotive maintenance programs.
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Egorushkin, E. A., A. V. Shabanov, and A. A. Shabanov. "Ignition of poor fuel-air mixtures in gasoline-driven ICEs - problems, solutions." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 2 (2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66923.
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The article deals with the development of technologies in the field of improving the organization of the combustion process in internal combustion engines in order to solve the problem of protecting the environment and increasing the efficiency of fuel resources. The carried out analysis has shown the increased interest of researchers and automotive experts in the problem of ignition of poor mixtures in ICE by the method of fuel-air charge separation in the combustion chamber. The directions of intensification of combustion of poor mixtures in internal combustion engines are considered due to application of various methods of fuel-air charge separation in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines. Combustion of poor mixtures ensures low emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and improved fuel economy. The advantage of an internal combustion engine using poor fuel-air mixtures is its operation with little or no charge throttling at the inlet. At the same time, fuel consumption and, correspondingly, CO2 emissions are reduced to 25%. Low concentrations of harmful emissions also reduce the efficiency requirements of the neutralizer. The process of combustion of poor mixtures is carried out due to the technologies of direct electronic fuel injection into the combustion chamber under high pressure and catalytic neutralization of combustion products of poor mixtures. Effective combustion of fuel-air mixtures is achieved with an excess air factor of less than 1.7. The article also contains the results of tests of the prechamber-flare internal combustion engine, which showed the possibility of using qualitative engine power regulation due to work on poor mixtures and a significant reduction in emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. It is shown that the use of an electronic ignition system with an increased discharge energy and a system of homogeneous mixture formation leads to an intensification of combustion of poor mixtures in the internal combustion engine, and allows the engine to operate at superhigh mixtures with an air excess factor of 3.5 with stable combustion of fuel-air mixtures.
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Kumbhalkar, Manoj, Mhalsakant M. Sardeshmukh, Dattatraya V. Bhise, et al. "An insight into conversion of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle to electric vehicle for green transportation technology." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 5, no. 4 (2023): 2023040. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2023040.
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An electric car is a type of alternative-fuel vehicle that uses electric motors and motor controllers instead of an internal combustion engine. Power is provided via battery packs rather than carbon emission-based fuel. It offers a variety of advantages over typical internal combustion engines, most notably lower local emissions and higher energy efficiency. The aim of this research is to modify the vehicle running with an internal combustion engine into an electric vehicle for transferring material from one place to another inside the industrial area. For this purpose, a Maruti 800 car model has been selected, and during the field work, all unwanted parts of the IC engine are removed to convert it into an electric vehicle. The analytical analysis has been carried out to calculate the power transmission capacity and the speed of the vehicle. The finite element analysis is also carried out to check the strength of reused parts like belt drives and crankshafts. A Simulink model of an electric vehicle is prepared to check its performance and provide suggestions during the vehicle's assembly. The vibration response has proven that the source vibration, the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues in electric vehicles (EV) differ significantly from those in internal combustion engines (ICE).
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Wu, Taoyang, Jixu Liu, Chunling Wu, et al. "Experimental study on the factors influencing performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines." E3S Web of Conferences 522 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452201009.
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Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) have advantages such as clean combustion and zero carbon emissions, and have become one of the important technical routes for decarbonization in the internal combustion engine industry. In this paper, several key factors affecting the performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines, such as ignition timing, excess air coefficient, and hydrogen injection timing, were systematically studied on a spark ignition multi-point injection (MPI) hydrogen internal combustion engine bench. The experimental results indicate that the ignition timing controls the combustion phase of hydrogen. Moderate early ignition can improve the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while having little impact on the NOX emissions. Excess air coefficient(λ) can significantly affect the performance and emissions of H2-ICE. Along with the increase of the λ, the NOX emissions first increases and then continues to decline. When the λ reaching 2.1 or above, near zero emissions of NOX can be achieved. The advance of hydrogen injection timing will slightly increase the peak of cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate. However, overall, the impact of hydrogen injection timing on BTE and NOX emissions is not significant on MPI H2-ICE.
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Vorobyov, S. A., I. T. Abyzov, and P. A. Razumov. "Researchof the environmental safety of special purpose vehicles with a diesel-powered internal combustion engine." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 1 (2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-1-127-132.
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The paper considers the possibility of using hydrogen as an additive to the main type of fuel in special purpose vehicles with a diesel-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) in order to improve environmental safety. There has been developed a mathematical model for describing the processes of combined cycles of the internal combustion engine operating on diesel fuel and hydrogen additives. Theoretical methods for investigating the technical parameters of internal combustion engines at using hydrogen additives are presented. Based on theoretical relationships and data, the environmental safety of special purpose vehicles on the territory of St. Petersburg can be improved.
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Alrwashdeh, Saad S., Ala’a M. Al-falahat, and Talib K. Murtadha. "Effect of Turbocharger Compression Ratio on Performance of the Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine." Emerging Science Journal 6, no. 3 (2022): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-06-03-04.
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Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) are one of the most important engineering applications that operate based on the conversion of chemical energy from fuel into thermal energy as a result of direct combustion. The obtained thermal energy is then turned into kinetic energy to derive various means of transportation, such as marine, air, and land vehicles. The efficiency of ICE today is considered in the range of the intermediate level, and various improvements are being made to enhance its efficiency. The turbocharger can support the ICE, which works by increasing the pressure in the engine to enhance its efficiency. In this investigation, the effect of the turbocharger pressure on ICE performance was studied in the range of 2 to 10 bar. It was found that the increase in turbocharger pressure enhanced the pressure inside the engine, positively affecting engine efficiency indicators. Therefore, the increase in turbocharger pressure is directly proportional to the ICE efficiency. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-04 Full Text: PDF
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Hnatov, Andrii, Shchasiana Arhun, Hanna Hnatova, and Pavlo Sokhin. "Conversion of a car from an ICE into an electric car." Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies, no. 21 (June 29, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/veit.2022.21.0.1.
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Problem. The advantages of the electric car (EV) are well-known – it is environmentally friendly, quiet and the most important feature is a radical reduction in the cost of operating the EV compared to a conventional car with an internal combustion engine. Cost savings are due to the fact that its "refueling" comes from a conventional electrical outlet. No need to periodically change engine oil, filters, belts and other consumables. Also, you will spend less time and money on maintenance. So, by converting traditional cars from internal combustion engines to EVs, you are making your best and real contribution to improving the ecological space around you. Goal. The goal is conducting a study on the conversion of the car from the internal combustion engine to the EV with the calculation of the payback period of the converted car. Methodology. Analytical methods of research on the methods of conversion of traditional cars from internal combustion engines to EV were used as well as the physical methods of calculating the action of forces acting on the car and determining the speed of its movement. Also, the methods of experimental research and mathematical methods of processing and modulation of the obtained results and the methods of calculating technical and economic indicators were used. Results. The study was conducted on the conversion of the car from an internal combustion engine to an EV. The main elements of re-equipment were considered. The analysis was carried out and the sequence of actions on definition of power of the electric motor for the electric car was offered. The calculation of economic indicators of car conversion on the basis of ZAZ "Sens" in EV was performed. The results of the calculation show that in the 3rd year of operation of the converted car the cost of conversion will be reimbursed. Originality. On the example of ZAZ "Sens" the power of the traction motor for its conversion into EV was calculated. The graphical dependence of the traction motor power on the EV speed was constructed. The calculations and the dependence of the power of the traction motor on the road slope when moving EV at a certain speed were performed. Practical value. Conversion of cars from internal combustion engines to EV is expedient and economically advantageous for companies engaged in various services for the delivery of goods within the city. Also, it is beneficial to companies and firms engaged in car rental. But here it should be borne in mind that a well-developed charging infrastructure is required within the city.
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Knaub, LV,, BV, Lebediev, and N. Ya Maslich. "REDUCTION OF TOXICITY OF BURNT DIESEL GASES WITH THE ADDITIONAL FEEDING SYSTEM." SHIP POWER PLANTS 43, no. 1 (2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf343.2021.95-100.
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As a result of the introduction of new environmental emission standards, manufacturers of motor vehicles and fuels have to use a variety of technologies, systems and units to reduce harmful substances in the exhaust gases of diesel engines. Modern development of automobile internal combustion engines takes place in the following directions: increase of fuel economy and ecological purity; subincrease of unit power and weight reduction; creation of hybrid power plants with an internal combustion engine (ICE); dieselization of transport; increasing reliability of work and resources; use of alternative fuels (gas, hydrogen); control of internal combustion engines with the help of microprocessor technology. One of the ways to solve the problem is to develop technologies related to the installation of additional equipment on an existing engine in order to reduce harmful emissions into the environment.
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Zlenko, M. A., and A. S. Terenchenko. "E-fuels – last hope for internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-15-34.
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In July 2021, the EU approved the Fit for 55 package, one of the aims of which was to completely cease manufacturing vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) in the EU by 2035. Will this happen or does the ICE still have chances to remain a part of the vehicle powertrain for a long time to come? In recent years, the topic of so-called e-fuels or electrofuels – synthetic fuels created based on green hydrogen (produced with the help of green electricity) and carbon dioxide extracted from the atmosphere – has been extensively discussed in Europe and in the USA. Their main advantage, as the supporters of e-fuels claim, is that they are produced from renewable natural materials – water and air – and are ecologically neutral. Is it true and will e-fuels save the ICE?
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Kurnosov, Anton F., and Yuriy A. Guskov. "Calculating the power of an internal combustion engine with a Common Rail fuel system when operating in free acceleration mode." Far Eastern Agrarian Herald 18, no. 4 (2024): 92–103. https://doi.org/10.22450/1999-6837-2024-18-4-92-103.
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A new methodology of calculating the power of an internal combustion engines (ICE) in free acceleration mode, based on the assessment of reactions occurring on its supports is proposed. Experimental studies were carried out on the YAMZ-53445-22 internal combustion engine with a set of installed measuring equipment. The operation of the internal combustion engine was carried out in free acceleration mode from minimum to maximum crankshaft speed on all cyl- inders and with one disconnected cylinder. At each operation mode of the internal combustion en- gine, the crank-shift rotation speed, the value of reactions of the supports and the indicator torque were measured, after which the reactive torque and engine reactive power were calculated. As a result, it was found that the maximum value of the indicative power of the internal combustion en- gine, calculated by the built-in diagnostic system in relation to the cycle fuel supply, was observed at the crankshaft speed from 2 648 to 2 700 min-1 and was 70,3 kW when operating on all cylinders and 80.6 kW when operating with one disconnected cylinder. The highest value of reactive power was achieved when the internal combustion engine was running on all cylinders and was 40 kW at crankshaft speed 2 697 min-1. Disconnection of one of the cylinders led to a decrease in the reactive power of the internal combustion engine to 25 kW at the crankshaft speed of 2 591 min-1. The experimental studies have shown that it is possible to estimate the power performance of the internal combustion engine by the value of reactions of its supports in free acceleration mode. The nominal effective power by the proposed method can be determined only at additional loading of the internal combustion engine, for example, by the forces of resistance.
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Aladayleh, Wail, and Ali Alahmer. "Recovery of Exhaust Waste Heat for ICE Using the Beta Type Stirling Engine." Journal of Energy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495418.
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This paper investigates the potential of utilizing the exhaust waste heat using an integrated mechanical device with internal combustion engine for the automobiles to increase the fuel economy, the useful power, and the environment safety. One of the ways of utilizing waste heat is to use a Stirling engine. A Stirling engine requires only an external heat source as wasted heat for its operation. Because the exhaust gas temperature may reach 200 to 700°C, Stirling engine will work effectively. The indication work, real shaft power and specific fuel consumption for Stirling engine, and the exhaust power losses for IC engine are calculated. The study shows the availability and possibility of recovery of the waste heat from internal combustion engine using Stirling engine.
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Vítek, Oldřich, Jan Macek, Vít Doleček, et al. "APPLICATION OF ADVANCED COMBUSTION MODELS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES BASED ON 3-D CFD LES APPROACH." Acta Polytechnica 61, SI (2021): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0014.
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This paper deals with the application of advanced simulation techniques for combustion modeling in the case of an internal combustion engine. The main focus is put on models with a high predictive ability hence 3-D CFD was selected while using LES (turbulence model) and detailed chemistry (both SI and CI ICE) or turbulent flame propagation (SI ICE). Both engine types are considered – spark ignited ICE and a compression ignited engine. Examples are shown and comparison with available experimental data is presented. The main conclusion is that such models are capable of high quality predictions while very little tuning is needed. This is desired as such models could be applied in the early phases of ICE development. On the other hand, such calculations are very demanding in terms of computational power.
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Ilyushchanka, Aliaksandar, Vyacheslav Kaptsevich, Valeria Korneeva, et al. "Application of powder filter materials in run-in of engines." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928706005.
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The article discusses the use of powder filter materials (PFM) for cleaning engine oil when running-in internal combustion engines (ICE) of agricultural vehicles at motor repair enterprises. The results of comparative tests of powder, paper and net filter elements (FE) are presented. The design of the equipment for cleaning engine oil during and after run-in the engine is proposed.
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Matveev, Yuri I., Nikolai A. Laptev, Vladimir V. Kolyvanov, and Mikhail Y. Khramov. "Natural gas as an alternative to liquid hydrocarbons on diesel-powered vessels." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 75 (June 19, 2023): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi75.359.
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Alternative fuels are increasingly being used in internal combustion engines (ICE) for various purposes. The practice of using alternative fuels indicates that their physicochemical properties make significant adjustments to the way the internal combustion engine workflow is organized and have a very significant impact on the effective and environmental performance of the engine and the entire power plant as a whole. The main task of designing a power plant with an internal combustion engine running on synthesis gas is to provide the necessary power, minimum fuel consumption in various operating modes, as well as minimum emissions of harmful substances into the environment, depending on the composition of the synthesis gas. It should be noted that the specific heat of combustion of synthesis gas is lower compared to traditional grades of fuel (25...30 MJ/kg), this leads to a significant reduction in the power of the marine engine. It is this factor that determines the use of synthesis gas as an additive to traditional fuel. Analysis of the available results and modeling of the combustion processes of liquefied natural gas on ships will allow to predict and determine further ways to improve fuel efficiency, power indicators and ecology of engines running on ethanol with forced ignition.
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Biró, Norbert, and Péter Kiss. "Emission Quantification for Sustainable Heavy-Duty Transportation." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097483.
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Vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines (ICE) are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Alternatives such as electric, hydrogen fuel cell and biofuel-based propulsions are being considered as a replacement for the well-established ICE vehicles to reduce GHG emissions and provide sustainable transportation. This paper will compare various heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) propulsion combinations using a well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis, separated into two parts: Well-to-Tank (WTT) and Tank-to-Wheel (TTW). The WTW analysis of ICE HDV is based on a Euro VI heavy-duty test engine coupled to an engine dynamometer. The energy consumption and GHG emissions are measured, not estimated, providing a closer to real-life comparison. The paper will provide a detailed comparison of alternative propulsions to the internal combustion engine based on WTW analysis. Final results suggest, even with the EU’s fairly fossil energy carrier-dependent energy mix, the usage of electric propulsion systems can reach up to 56% of GHG emission cut compared to conventional ICE.
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Nikitina, G. I., A. N. Kozlov, and M. V. Penzik. "Experimental study of an internal combustion engine fueled by a low-calorific value producer gas." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2150, no. 1 (2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2150/1/012015.
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Abstract This paper describes an experimental study of the operation of an internal combustion engine of fueled by a low-calorific value gas. The main operating parameters of low-power ICE were determined. Efficiency was also evaluated when the ICE was converted to operate on producer gas. In the experiment, it was shown that the engine reached a stable operating mode under load and data on the temperature and exhaust gases composition were obtained. According to our estimates, in the steady-state operation of the internal combustion engine with a load, the efficiency factor was about 22 %. When using the model gas, the from generator output power, was about 30-40 % of the nominal value, under variable load conditions. However, it was found that in steady-state operation, the power of the internal combustion engine was 40-55% of the nominal value.
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Balikowa, Amuza, Marwan Effendy, Ngafwan Ngafwan, and Catherine Wandera. "The impacts of nanoscale silica particle additives on fuel atomisation and droplet size in the internal combustion engines: A review." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 4, no. 2 (2023): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v4i2.2759.
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The combustion process in compression ignition (CI) engines is complex and affects their efficiency and emission levels. Internal combustion engines (ICE) are being studied to find better ways to burn fuel and produce less pollution to meet the growing demand for these qualities. However, one intriguing avenue is the utilisation of nanoparticle additives, such as silica nanoparticles, to enhance fuel atomisation and droplet size. This study aimed to comprehensively review the impact of silica nanoparticle additives on fuel atomisation and droplet size in internal combustion engines. This review explores the researchers' underlying mechanisms and experimental techniques to determine nanoparticle fuel additives' overall impact on engine performance. The results achieved from the literature study indicated that incorporating these nanoparticles (following the engine design and fuel formulations) can enhance combustion efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, thereby contributing to developing more sustainable transportation and power production systems.
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Somashekarappa M. "A noise reduction technique in internal combustion engines: A multidisciplinary approach." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 3 (2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.5.3.0012.
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This research paper delves into the various noise reduction techniques employed in internal combustion engines (ICE), highlighting the multidisciplinary approach needed to address this complex issue. By combining mechanical engineering, materials science, and acoustic engineering, the study investigates both traditional and innovative methods to mitigate engine noise. Key sources of noise, including combustion, mechanical, flow-induced, and structural vibrations, are analyzed. The paper further explores advanced materials such as sound-absorbing compounds, lightweight alloys, and smart materials, as well as novel design approaches, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural optimization. Active noise control systems are examined as a cutting-edge solution. The integration of these techniques into modern engine design, while balancing efficiency and performance, is crucial for meeting regulatory standards and improving user comfort. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of current technologies and future prospects for noise reduction in internal combustion engines.
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Krivda, Vitalii, Olha Sakno, and Valentyna Olishevska. "JUSTIFICATION OF A NEURAL METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE TYPE OF POWER SUPPLY OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DEPENDING ON OPERATING CONDITIONS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 4, no. 281 (2024): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2024-4-281-15-22.
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The rapid development of the modern automotive industry and increasing requirements for environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, and economy necessitate the development of new control systems for internal combustion engines (ICEs). A topical issue for the strategic development of road transport is the design of new technologies: a combination of different fuel types and neural control of ICE power supply. The paper analyzes the combination of types of ICE power, namely motor gasoline, diesel, and gaseous fuels, and a neural method of controlling engine power based on operating conditions. A neural approach to optimizing fuel choice by operating conditions is presented. The neural system allows you to automatically adjust the fuel supply parameters using an adaptive PID controller (proportional-integral-differential controller), which adjusts the fuel supply in real time based on external conditions. The neural network can use temperature, load, and engine speed as input parameters. To consider more complex conditions of internal combustion engine operation, the model can be supplemented with vehicle speed, atmospheric pressure, wear of engine parts, and driver reaction. Using multi-layer neural networks allows you to adapt the fuel supply in real-time. The architecture of a neural network for this task may include several layers: an input layer that receives ambient temperature, engine load, engine speed, fuel type, atmospheric pressure, and wear level of parts; a hidden layer that performs nonlinear transformations and makes decisions based on the interaction of parameters; and an output layer that generates a fuel supply control signal. The neural network can be trained based on data from real or simulated conditions, which allows it to predict the most economical mode of operation of the internal combustion engine. Adaptive neural networks can be used to optimize the ratio of fuels. A graphical visualization is performed to help understand that fuel consumption depends on temperature and load for each fuel type. Keywords: internal combustion engine (ICE), fuel type, intelligent neural control systems, model for controlling the fuel supply process, operating conditions, optimization of fuel feed.
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Torres M, Daniela, Héctor F. Quintero R, Juan F. López L, and Álvaro A. Orozco G. "Monitoreo de Condición en Motores de Combustión Interna Monocilíndricos con Base en Adquisición y Procesamiento de Señales Experimentales." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (2018): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1477.
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In recent years, condition monitoring based on signal analysis has become a valuable tool for the diagnosis of internal combustion engines. In this paper the experimental design for the ICE monitoring condition, based on signal analysis, is presented. The experimental configuration was development for the analysis of signals from ICE in order to monitor their condition. The conduced case study consists on the monitoring condition of a single-cylinder engine, operating under regular conditions and different speeds. The instrumentation, the adquisition systems as well as the signals analysis are also presented. The adquired signals were: engine block vibration, in-cylinder pressure and crankshaft speed. The mentioned signals were analyzed and processed by FFT and Rigid Regression. It was possible to obtain the frequency spectrum of the vibration signal and reconstruct the in-cylinder pressure of the single-cylinder engine. The presented configuration can be taken as a basis for the evaluation of others engines and for improving the schemes of monitoring condition.Keywords: Internal combustion engines, condition monitoring, signal acquisition, signal processing.
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Falfari, Stefania, Giulio Cazzoli, Valerio Mariani, and Gian Marco Bianchi. "Hydrogen Application as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062545.
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Hydrogen is the energy vector that will lead us toward a more sustainable future. It could be the fuel of both fuel cells and internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines are today the only motors characterized by high reliability, duration and specific power, and low cost per power unit. The most immediate solution for the near future could be the application of hydrogen as a fuel in modern internal combustion engines. This solution has advantages and disadvantages: specific physical, chemical and operational properties of hydrogen require attention. Hydrogen is the only fuel that could potentially produce no carbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. It also allows high engine efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emissions. Hydrogen has wide flammability limits and a high flame propagation rate, which provide a stable combustion process for lean and very lean mixtures. Near the stoichiometric air–fuel ratio, hydrogen-fueled engines exhibit abnormal combustions (backfire, pre-ignition, detonation), the suppression of which has proven to be quite challenging. Pre-ignition due to hot spots in or around the spark plug can be avoided by adopting a cooled or unconventional ignition system (such as corona discharge): the latter also ensures the ignition of highly diluted hydrogen–air mixtures. It is worth noting that to correctly reproduce the hydrogen ignition and combustion processes in an ICE with the risks related to abnormal combustion, 3D CFD simulations can be of great help. It is necessary to model the injection process correctly, and then the formation of the mixture, and therefore, the combustion process. It is very complex to model hydrogen gas injection due to the high velocity of the gas in such jets. Experimental tests on hydrogen gas injection are many but never conclusive. It is necessary to have a deep knowledge of the gas injection phenomenon to correctly design the right injector for a specific engine. Furthermore, correlations are needed in the CFD code to predict the laminar flame velocity of hydrogen–air mixtures and the autoignition time. In the literature, experimental data are scarce on air–hydrogen mixtures, particularly for engine-type conditions, because they are complicated by flame instability at pressures similar to those of an engine. The flame velocity exhibits a non-monotonous behavior with respect to the equivalence ratio, increases with a higher unburnt gas temperature and decreases at high pressures. This makes it difficult to develop the correlation required for robust and predictive CFD models. In this work, the authors briefly describe the research path and the main challenges listed above.
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Ebazadeh, Yaser, Reza Alayi, and Eskandar Jamali. "Investigation and Sensitivity Analysis of Economic Parameters on the Operation of Cogeneration Systems to Supply Required Energies for Residential Buildings." Eng 5, no. 3 (2024): 2092–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng5030111.
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The Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power (CCHP) System is an efficient technology that reduces primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by generating heat, cold, and electricity simultaneously from the same fuel source. This study developed an economic optimization model using linear mathematical program theory to determine the optimal sizes of different components in a CCHP system. The study found that CCHP systems with internal combustion engines have the largest optimal size due to lower capital expenditure and improved hourly changes in combined energy production by considering electrical and absorption chillers simultaneously. The analysis compared the size determination of CCHP systems with internal combustion engine (ICE), sterling engine (SE), and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technologies. PEMFC had the highest annual overall cost among the technologies studied. The results of determining the size of the CCHP system are compared with ICE, SE, and PEMFC technologies. It has been noted that PEMFC has the highest annual overall cost among the studied technologies. The usefulness index of the CCHP system increased from 23% to almost 40% when electricity was sold to the grid using internal combustion engine technology.
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Rodionov, Yuri, Sergey Danilin, Alexander Lomovskih, Alexey Sviridov, and Andrey Volokitin. "TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION AND SUPPLY OF COMPLEX FUEL TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINES OF AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2023-3-72-86.
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The technology of preparation and supply of complex fuel is proposed to improve the operational and technical characteristics of diesel engines of automotive equipment, as well as technical means for its implementation. The analysis of the work of the ATT samples showed that its operation occurs with low speeds in the field and heavy loads on the internal combustion engine (ICE), while its thermal tension increases and the combustion process worsens in the combustion chamber, leading to the formation of carbon deposits. To solve this problem, a method and technical means are proposed for cleaning engine parts from the formed carbon deposits without parsing it during daily operation in order to improve the operational and technical characteristics of equipment, on which the readiness of samples of the machine and tractor fleet will directly depend. The developed method is based on direct mixing of fuel with water, dispersion of the resulting mixture and feeding into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine when the fuel temperature exceeds a given value, and depending on the temperature, as well as the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine and from different levels of the mixing tank. The versatility of the developed devices for the implementation of the proposed method is that they can be used not only in stationary conditions, but also on board the equipment during its operation. The implementation of the developed method and technical devices will ensure effective removal of carbon deposits due to the interaction of red-hot carbon particles with water droplets (steam), which will lead to an increase in the resource of diesel internal combustion engines, restoration of operational and technical characteristics of especially worn-out diesel internal combustion engines and ultimately increase the readiness of individual samples of ATT and, in general, the technical readiness of the machine and tractor fleet.
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Reyes-Flores, Victor A., Zachary Swartwout, Shane Garland, et al. "Operational Conditions for an Internal Combustion Engine in a SOFC-ICE Hybrid Power Generation System." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1838. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071838.
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Hybrid power generation systems utilizing pressurized Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have gained considerable attention recently as an effective solution to the increasing demand for cleaner electricity sources. Among the various hybridization options, gas turbines (GT) and internal combustion engines (ICE) running on SOFC tail gas have been prominent. Although spark ignition (SI) tail gas engines have received less focus, they show significant potential for stationary power generation, particularly due to their ability to control combustion. This research experimentally characterized an SI engine fueled by simulated SOFC anode gas for five blends, which correspond to overall system power level and loads. The study aimed to optimize the engine operating conditions for each fuel blend and establish operational conditions that would sustain maximum performance. The results showed efficiencies as high as 31.4% at 1600 RPM, with a 17:1 compression ratio, equivalence ratio (φ) of 0.75, and a boost pressure of 165 kPa with low NOx emissions. The study also emphasizes the benefits of optimizing boost supply to minimize parasitic loads and improve brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, installing a catalytic oxidizer would enable the system to comply with new engine emission regulations. A proposed control scheme for automation includes regulating engine power by controlling the boost of the supercharger at a fixed throttle position. The results of this study help to promote the development of this SOFC-based clean energy technology.
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Wang, Shucheng, Xinna Chen, Hongwei Li, Zhongguang Fu, and Zhicheng Han. "Thermodynamic analysis of exhaust heat recovery of marine ice using organic rankine cycle." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220718166w.
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The use of organic Rankine cycle power systems for waste heat recovery on marine internal combustion engines can help to mitigate the greenhouse gases and reduce the fuel consumption of the marine engine. In this paper, the internal combustion engine combined with an organic Rankine cycle system was developed to analyze the performance of waste heat recovery from the exhaust gas of a heavy-duty marine diesel engine via five selected working fluids with low global warming potential and ozone depletion potential. The net output power and thermal efficiency for each of the selected working fluids were obtained. Results indicate that the working fluids of butane have the best performance among the selected working fluids with the power efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle subsystem of 12.27% under the power load of 100%. For the overall proposed system, the maximum net power output is 1048kW and the power efficiency is 36.47%. Besides, the total thermal efficiency of the proposed system was 67.94% when considering the recovered waste energy from jacket water.
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Cazzoli, Giulio, Stefania Falfari, and Gian Marco Bianchi. "Definition and Validation of a Zero-Dimensional IC Engine Model for Assessing the Performance of Different Methane-Hydrogen Mixtures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2893, no. 1 (2024): 012097. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2893/1/012097.
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Abstract To decarbonize the maritime transport sector, a solution inspired by the automotive industry involves using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in conjunction with an internal combustion engine. For optimal emission efficiency, the internal combustion engine is fueled with a primary fuel, typically methane already on board for feeding the SOFC, plus anode off-gases from SOFC, which are a mixture of variable composition of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. To assess the performance of the integrated system (SOFC+ICE) and subsequently search for an optimal set-up, it is useful to use a zero-dimensional model of each component of the system. Particularly, the internal combustion engine model must balance speed of execution with flexibility in terms of fuel composition, engine dimensions, and other relevant parameters. In this study, an engine model originally developed for gasoline-fueled ICE, is adapted for variable methane-hydrogen mixtures. The model is validated against experimental data measured on an engine operating with similar mixture compositions and available in the literature.
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Taban, D., A. Dobrovicescu, V. Apostol, and H. Pop. "Optimized coupling analysis of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-ORC-MCRS." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 444 (November 29, 2018): 082003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/444/8/082003.
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Vaja, Iacopo, and Agostino Gambarotta. "Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) bottoming with Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs)." Energy 35, no. 2 (2010): 1084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.001.
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Youming, Xiao, Xu Hie, Tan Peiqiang, Sun Heng, Zhu Hongmei, and Zhang Jie. "A methane mode water–oil blended internal combustion engine (ICE)." Energy Conversion and Management 46, no. 3 (2005): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.03.005.
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Rommelaere, Tim Philippe, Michael Klaas, and Wolfgang Schröder. "Comparison Of A Molecularly-Controlled Combustion Engine To A DISI Engine." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.32.
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In addition to the increased use of electromobility, significant improvements in the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) to achieve a considerable reduction of emissions is crucial to advance the transition towards a sustainable transport sector. One approach to increase the efficiency of combustion engines is active pre-chamber ignited engines (Molecularly Controlled Combustion Engines, MCC). The traditional spark ignition is replaced by a chamber that ignites a secondary fuel. The burning fuel is emitted from the pre-chamber via multiple holes, igniting the fuel air mixture in the main combustion chamber. To eject the flame jets tangentially to the pent roof, the pre-chamber protrudes into the main chamber in the center of the main chamber’s pent roof. This particular geometry of an MCCengine, however, alters the flow field inside MCC-engines. To facilitate future developments around MCC-engines and to understand the interactions of the flow field with the pre-chamber, a Stereo Particle-Image Velocimetry (SPIV) study is conducted in an optically accessible MCC-engine model. Previous velocity field data, which were acquired using a Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine configuration at the same operating point as the MCC-engine, are compared to those of the MCC-engine. Phase-averaged velocity field data of both engines acquired during the intake stroke are compared based on their in-plane velocity fields and the in-plane vorticity. The two engine configurations show significantly different magnitudes of velocity in their combustion chamber flow field. In the MCC-engine, a downwash flow component can be attributed to flow deflection caused by the pre-chamber protruding from the engine’s pent roof. One important flow feature of ICE, the tumble vortex, is analyzed for both engine configurations. An increased absolute vorticity and a different temporal development of the tumble vorticity is noted for the MCC-engine. The tumble flap, an engine component that influences the intake flow distribution, is considered a main contributor to the difference in flow velocity and tumble vorticity.
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Ghosh, Aritra. "Electric Vehicles—Solution toward Zero Emission from the Transport Sector." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040262.
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Markina, A. A., and L. A. Pochuev. "Elaboration of the concept of a car with a hybrid power plant." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-3-33-42.
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Residents of large cities suffer greatly from air pollutants, a significant proportion of which is accounted for the road transport. In order to solve this issue, car manufacturers are upgrading internal combustion engines, designing alternative engine units. This article analyzes various modern engine units, highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Statistical data demonstrating the growth of production and sales of electric and hybrid vehicles in Russia and abroad are presented. Cars equipped with traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) have unique advantages and today make more than 99 % of the global fleet. Based on the analysis, a scheme of a hybrid power plant (HPP) was formed, combining the components of engine units of electric vehicles and internal combustion engines. The main elements of installation and their layout in the car are described. A schematic diagram of transmission is presented, its components are listed and their operation is described. The HPP scheme was developed within the framework of the concept of a motor vehicle corresponding to the trends of modern automotive industry. At the same time, such cars provide the opportunity of sport driving experience, have good dynamic performance.
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Amir Ridhuan, Shahrul Azmir Osman, Mas Fawzi, Ahmad Jais Alimin, and Saliza Azlina Osman. "A Review of Comparative Study on The Effect of Hydroxyl Gas in Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) On Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 87, no. 2 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.87.2.116.
Full textAbstract:
This introductory study comes up with an innovative idea of using Hydroxyl gas as a fuel performance enhancer to reduce the natural sources and the overuse of fossil fuel resulting in increased pollution levels. Many researchers have used HHO gas to analyze gasoline and diesel in internal combustion engines. The main challenges of using HHO gas in engines have been identified as system complexity, safety, cost, and electrolysis efficiency. This article focuses on different performance reports and the emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. As opposed to general diesel, this study found that using HHO gas improved brake power and torque. In all cases, an increase in braking thermal efficiency can be observed. This was due to the presence of hydrogen in HHO gas with higher calorific value than fossil fuels. At the same time, the fuel consumption unit of the engine was reduced, and the combined impact of hydrogen and oxygen helped to achieve complete combustion and improved the combustion capacity of the fuel when HHO gas was injected. The addition of HHO gas also improved the Brake Power (BP), Brake Torque (BT), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), and thermal efficiency while simultaneously reducing CO and HC formation. The rise in CO2 emissions represented the completion of combustion. Therefore, the usage of HHO gas in the Compression Ignition (CI) engine improved the engine performance and exhaust emissions.