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Journal articles on the topic 'Ice surface softening'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Khomenko, Khomenko, and Falko. "Nonlinear model of ice surface softening during friction." Condensed Matter Physics 19, no. 3 (2016): 33002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.19.33002.

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2

Khomenko, A., and D. Logvinenko. "Time series analysis of friction force at self-affine mode of ice surface softening." Condensed Matter Physics 24, no. 4 (2021): 43501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.24.43501.

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The self-affine mode of ice softening during friction is investigated within the rheological model for viscoelastic medium approximation. The different modes of ice rubbing, determined by formation of surface liquid-like layer, are studied. The analysis of time series of friction force is carried out, namely Fourier analysis, construction of autocorrelation and difference autocorrelation functions. The spectral power law is detected for modes of crystalline ice as well as of a mixture of stable ice and metastable softening. The self-similarity and aperiodic character of corresponding time seri

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Albrecht, T., and A. Levermann. "Fracture-induced softening for large-scale ice dynamics." Cryosphere 8, no. 2 (2014): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-587-2014.

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Abstract. Floating ice shelves can exert a retentive and hence stabilizing force onto the inland ice sheet of Antarctica. However, this effect has been observed to diminish by the dynamic effects of fracture processes within the protective ice shelves, leading to accelerated ice flow and hence to a sea-level contribution. In order to account for the macroscopic effect of fracture processes on large-scale viscous ice dynamics (i.e., ice-shelf scale) we apply a continuum representation of fractures and related fracture growth into the prognostic Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) and compare the re

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Albrecht, T., and A. Levermann. "Fracture-induced softening for large-scale ice dynamics." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 5 (2013): 4501–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-4501-2013.

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Abstract. Floating ice shelves can exert a retentive and hence stabilizing force onto the inland ice sheet of Antarctica. However, this effect has been observed to diminish by fracture-coupled dynamic processes within the protective ice shelves leading to accelerated ice flow and hence to a sea-level contribution. In order to better understand the role of fractures in ice dynamics we apply a large-scale continuum representation of fractures and related fracture growth into the prognostic Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). To this end we introduce a higher-order accuracy advection scheme for the

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MINCHEW, BRENT M., COLIN R. MEYER, ALEXANDER A. ROBEL, G. HILMAR GUDMUNDSSON, and MARK SIMONS. "Processes controlling the downstream evolution of ice rheology in glacier shear margins: case study on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 64, no. 246 (2018): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.47.

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ABSTRACTIce rheology governs how glaciers flow and respond to environmental change. The rheology of glacier ice evolves in response to a variety of mechanisms, including damage, heating, melting and the development of crystalline fabric. The relative contributions of these rheological mechanisms are not well understood. Using remotely sensed data and physical models, we decouple the influence of each of the aforementioned mechanisms along the margins of Rutford Ice Stream, a laterally confined outlet glacier in West Antarctica. We show that fabric is an important control on ice rheology in the

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6

Oraschewski, Falk M., and Aslak Grinsted. "Modeling enhanced firn densification due to strain softening." Cryosphere 16, no. 7 (2022): 2683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2683-2022.

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Abstract. In the accumulation zone of glaciers and ice sheets snow is transformed into glacial ice by firn densification. Classically, this process is assumed to solely depend on temperature and overburden pressure, which is controlled by the accumulation rate. However, exceptionally thin firn layers have been observed in the high-strain shear margins of ice streams. Previously, it has been proposed that this firn thinning can be explained by an enhancement of firn densification due to the effect of strain softening inherent to power-law creep. This hypothesis has not been validated, and the g

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7

Armand Høydal, Øyvind. "A force-balance study of ice flow and basal conditions of Jutulstraumen, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000003403.

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Abstract Stresses and velocities at depth are calculated across Jutulstraumen, an ice stream in Dronning Maud Land, draining about 1% of the Antarctic ice sheet. The force-balance study is based on data from kinematic GPS measurements on three strain nets, each consisting of 3 × 3 stakes. The maximum measured velocity is 443 m a−1 and the velocity variation over short distances is large compared with studied ice streams in West Antarctica. The surface topography together with the measured velocities across the profile indicate that the bottom topography has a great influence on the flow direct

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8

Borstad, C. P., E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, and M. P. Schodlok. "Creep deformation and buttressing capacity of damaged ice shelves: theory and application to Larsen C ice shelf." Cryosphere 7, no. 6 (2013): 1931–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1931-2013.

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Abstract. Around the perimeter of Antarctica, much of the ice sheet discharges to the ocean through floating ice shelves. The buttressing provided by ice shelves is critical for modulating the flux of ice into the ocean, and the presently observed thinning of ice shelves is believed to be reducing their buttressing capacity and contributing to the acceleration and thinning of the grounded ice sheet. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role that fractures play in the ability of ice shelves to sustain and transmit buttressing stresses. Here, we present a new framework for q

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9

Albrecht, Torsten, and Anders Levermann. "Fracture field for large-scale ice dynamics." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 207 (2012): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j191.

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AbstractRecent observations and modeling studies emphasize the crucial role of fracture mechanics for the stability of ice shelves and thereby the evolution of ice sheets. Here we introduce a macroscopic fracture-density field into a prognostic continuum ice-flow model and compute its evolution incorporating the initiation and growth of fractures as well as their advection with two dimensional ice flow. To a first approximation, fracture growth is assumed to depend on the spreading rate only, while fracture initiation is defined in terms of principal stresses. The inferred fracture-density fie

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10

Khomenko, A. V., D. T. Logvinenko, and Ya V. Khyzhnya. "Nonlinear Model of Ice Surface Softening during Friction Taking into Account Spatial Heterogeneity of Temperature." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 12, no. 4 (2020): 04002–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.12(4).04002.

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11

Armand Høydal, Øyvind. "A force-balance study of ice flow and basal conditions of Jutulstraumen, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003403.

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AbstractStresses and velocities at depth are calculated across Jutulstraumen, an ice stream in Dronning Maud Land, draining about 1% of the Antarctic ice sheet. The force-balance study is based on data from kinematic GPS measurements on three strain nets, each consisting of 3 × 3 stakes. The maximum measured velocity is 443 m a−1 and the velocity variation over short distances is large compared with studied ice streams in West Antarctica. The surface topography together with the measured velocities across the profile indicate that the bottom topography has a great influence on the flow directi

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12

Wilson, Christopher J. L., Mark Peternell, Filomena Salvemini, et al. "Partial melting in polycrystalline ice: pathways identified in 3D neutron tomographic images." Cryosphere 18, no. 2 (2024): 819–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-819-2024.

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Abstract. In frozen cylinders composed of deuterium ice (Tm+3.8 ∘C) and 10 % water ice (Tm 0 ∘C), it is possible to track melt pathways produced by increasing the temperature during deformation. Raising the temperature to +2 ∘C produces water (H2O) which combines with the D2O ice to form mixtures of HDO. As a consequence of deformation, HDO and H2O meltwater are expelled along conjugate shear bands and as compactional melt segregations. Melt segregations are also associated with high-porosity networks related to the location of transient reaction fronts where the passage of melt-enriched fluid

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13

Box, Jason E., and William Colgan. "Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840–2010)." Journal of Climate 26, no. 18 (2013): 6990–7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00546.1.

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Abstract Greenland ice sheet mass loss to the marine environment occurs by some combination of iceberg calving and underwater melting (referred to here as marine ice loss, LM). This study quantifies the relation between LM and meltwater runoff (R) at the ice sheet scale. A theoretical basis is presented explaining how variability in R can be expected to govern much of the LM variability over annual to decadal time scales. It is found that R enhances LM through three processes: 1) increased glacier discharge by ice warming–softening and basal lubrication–sliding; 2) increased calving susceptibi

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Raymond, Charles. "Shear margins in glaciers and ice sheets." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 140 (1996): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000030550.

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AbstractAnalytical and numerical techniques are used to examine the flow response of a sloped slab of power-law fluid (power n) subjected to basal boundary conditions that vary spatially across the flow direction, as for example near an ice-stream margin with planar basal topography. The primary assumption is that basal shear stress is proportional to the basal speed times a spatially variable slip resistance. The ratio of mean basal speed to the speed originating from shearing through the thickness. denoted as r, gives a measure of how slippery the bed is. The principal conclusion is that a l

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15

Song, Naiheng, and Ali Benmeddour. "Erosion Resistant Hydrophobic Coatings for Passive Ice Protection of Aircraft." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 9589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199589.

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Novel polymeric coatings, namely slippery polyurethane (SPU) coatings, with high surface hydrophobicity and superior erosion resistance against high speed solid particles and water droplets were successfully developed to protect the leading edge of fast moving aerodynamic structures, such as aircraft wings and rotor blades, against ice accretion. The coatings comprise newly synthesized surface-modifying polymers (SMPs) bearing fluorinated and polydimethylsiloxane branches at a loading level of 1–5 wt.%, based on the total resin solid, which showed good compatibility with the erosion-resistant

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16

Magaña, Lizeth O., Parvathy Prem, Ariel N. Deutsch, et al. "Surface Roughness at the Moon’s South Pole: The Influence of Condensed Volatiles on Surface Roughness at the Moon’s South Pole." Planetary Science Journal 5, no. 2 (2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad18da.

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Abstract Condensed volatiles within lunar permanently shadowed regions are of high scientific and resource utilization importance. Volatiles remain elusive and difficult to observe directly, due to low direct solar illumination. In this work, we investigate correlations between, as well as possible effects of, condensed volatiles and surface roughness. We analyze topographic roughness at 50 m and 30–120 m baselines of the lunar south pole (poleward of 85° S). We focus on six south polar craters of interest and their directly surrounding non-cold-trap areas: Faustini, Shoemaker, Haworth, Cabeus

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17

Fountain, Andrew G., Thomas A. Neumann, Paul L. Glenn, and Trevor Chinn. "Can climate warming induce glacier advance in Taylor Valley, Antarctica?" Journal of Glaciology 50, no. 171 (2004): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756504781829701.

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AbstractChanges in the extent of the polar alpine glaciers within Taylor Valley, Antarctica, are important for understanding past climates and past changes in ice-dammed lakes. Comparison of ground-based photographs, taken over a 20 year period, shows glacier advances of 2-100 m. Over the past ~103 years the climate has warmed. We hypothesize that an increase in average air temperature alone can explain the observed glacier advance through ice softening. We test this hypothesis by using a flowband model that includes a temperature-dependent softness term. Results show that, for a 2˚C warming,

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18

Hanson, Brian, and Roger Le B. Hooke. "Buckling rate and overhang development at a calving face." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 167 (2003): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830476.

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AbstractUsing the finite-element we have modeled the stress field near the calving face of an idealized tidewater glacier under a variety of assumptions about submarine calving-face height, subaerial calving-face height, and ice rheology. These simulations all suggest that a speed maximum should be present at the calving face near the waterline. In experiments without crevassing, the decrease in horizontal velocity above this maximum culminates in a zone of longitudinal compression at the surface somewhat up-glacier from the face. This zone of compression appears to be a consequence of the non

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19

Feldmann, J., and A. Levermann. "Interaction of marine ice-sheet instabilities in two drainage basins: simple scaling of geometry and transition time." Cryosphere 9, no. 2 (2015): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-631-2015.

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Abstract. The initiation of a marine ice-sheet instability (MISI) is generally discussed from the ocean side of the ice sheet. It has been shown that the reduction in ice-shelf buttressing and softening of the coastal ice can destabilize a marine ice sheet if the bedrock is sloping upward towards the ocean. Using a conceptional flow-line geometry, we investigate the possibility of whether a MISI can be triggered from the direction of the ice divide as opposed to coastal forcing and explore the interaction between connected basins. We find that the initiation of a MISI in one basin can induce a

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20

Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. "The role of membrane-like stresses in determining the stability and sensitivity of the Antarctic ice sheets: back pressure and grounding line motion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1844 (2006): 1733–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1797.

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Membrane stresses act along thin bodies which are relatively well lubricated on both surfaces. They operate in ice sheets because the bottom is either sliding, or is much less viscous than the top owing to stress and heat softening of the basal ice. Ice streams flow over very well lubricated beds, and are restrained at their sides. The ideal of the perfectly slippery bed is considered in this paper, and the propagation of mechanical effects along an ice stream considered by applying spatially varying horizontal body forces. Propagation distances depend sensitively on the rheological index, and

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21

Lavrova, Nataliya. "Revisiting the evolution of deformation zones under platform conditions in the case study of the Kungur Ice Cave (Cis-Urals)." Journal of Mining Institute 243 (June 10, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.3.279.

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Observations in mining tunnels and caves allow to identify composition and development specifics of fault structures under subsurface conditions at various stages of geological history. Basing on the existing formation model of Kungur Ice Cave karst system, author examines the transformations of deformation zones, occurring in the mass of interlaid sulfate and carbonate rocks under platform conditions. Morphologic specifics of vertical structures – organ pipes, developed within one of the gypsum-anhydrite units, are defined by evolution stages of disjunctive faults, penetrating the entire roc

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22

Farcas, Catalina, Oscar Galao, Luigi Vertuccio, et al. "Ice-Prevention and De-Icing Capacity of Epoxy Resin Filled with Hybrid Carbon-Nanostructured Forms: Self-Heating by Joule Effect." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (2021): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092427.

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In this study, CNTs and graphite have been incorporated to provide electrical conductivity and self-heating capacity by Joule effect to an epoxy matrix. Additionally, both types of fillers, with different morphology, surface area and aspect ratio, were simultaneously incorporated (hybrid CNTs and graphite addition) into the same epoxy matrix to evaluate the effect of the self-heating capacity of carbon materials-based resins on de-icing and ice-prevention capacity. The self-heating capacity by Joule effect and the thermal conductivity of the differently filled epoxy resin were evaluated for he

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23

Liu, Shaohua, Gong Zhang, Aodong Gao, et al. "Study on the Performance of Phase-Change Self-Regulating Permeable Asphalt Pavement." Buildings 13, no. 11 (2023): 2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112699.

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Under low-temperature conditions in winter, asphalt pavement is prone to cracking, icing and other distresses, which affect its safety and comfort. Therefore, by incorporating phase-change materials into asphalt and conducting relevant performance studies, the aim is to alleviate low-temperature distress and regulate road surface temperature and expand the application of phase-change materials in asphalt pavement. We mixed the selected phase-change materials with different dosages into the matrix asphalt to prepare phase-change temperature-regulating asphalt and tested the four basic indicator

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Minami, Akihiro, Yasuo Marumo, and Hiroyuki Saiki. "Prediction of Softening of High Speed Steel with Surface Nitriding for Hot Forging." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1242.

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A model hot forging test was carried out using tools of matrix high-speed steel. Dynamic thermal loads were applied to tools subjected to ion nitriding on the surface layer of the tool, and the conditions of deterioration and thermal softening were examined by measuring Vickers hardness in the vicinity of the tool surface after the thermal load test. In addition, static tempering softening tests were carried out, and thermal softening equations are obtained using tempering parameter on the basis of the obtained master tempering curves. When the thermal load was applied under the same condition

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Fortes, A. Dominic, Kevin S. Knight, and Ian G. Wood. "Structure, thermal expansion and incompressibility of MgSO4·9H2O, its relationship to meridianiite (MgSO4·11H2O) and possible natural occurrences." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 73, no. 1 (2017): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520616018266.

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Since being discovered initially in mixed-cation systems, a method of forming end-member MgSO4·9H2O has been found. We have obtained powder diffraction data from protonated analogues (using X-rays) and deuterated analogues (using neutrons) of this compound over a range of temperatures and pressures. From these data we have determined the crystal structure, including all hydrogen positions, the thermal expansion over the range 9–260 K at ambient pressure, the incompressibility over the range 0–1.1 GPa at 240 K and studied the transitions to other stable and metastable phases. MgSO4·9D2O is mono

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Yuan, Zhigang, Jintao Zhao, Shuqing Li, Zehua Jiang, and Fei Huang. "A Unified Solution for Surrounding Rock of Roadway Considering Seepage, Dilatancy, Strain-Softening and Intermediate Principal Stress." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 8099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138099.

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The analytic solution for surrounding rock of roadway is of significance for stability analysis and roadway support. However, analytical solution for surrounding rock of roadway which took influences of water seepage, strain softening, dilatancy and intermediate principal stress all into account did not receive much reporting. To promote research in this aspect, a mechanical model simultaneously considering water seepage, strain softening, rock dilatancy, and intermediate principal stress was established based on porous elastoplastic mechanics, and then unified analytical solution for surround

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27

Bakshi, Baishali, Elise M. Doucette, and Scott J. Kyser. "Centralized softening as a solution to chloride pollution: An empirical analysis based on Minnesota cities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246688.

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Chloride is a key component of salt, used in many activities such as alkali production, water treatment, and de-icing. Chloride entering surface and groundwater is a concern due to its toxicity to aquatic life and potential to degrade drinking water sources. Minnesota being a hard-water state, has a high demand for water softening. Recent research has found that home-based water softeners contribute significantly to chloride loading at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Because of this, many WWTPs would now require water quality based effluent limits (WQBELs) to comply with the sta

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Song, Guochenhao, and J. S. Bolton. "Experimental study of the level-dependent softening of carbon particle stacks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011103.

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Recently, it has been observed that a particle stack’s elastic modulus and damping change with incident levels. Hence, the measured normal incidence absorption coefficient also varies: i.e., the quarter-wave resonance peak shifts to a lower frequency and grows broader under progressively higher incident sound levels. Therefore, models with strain-dependent modulus and damping have been developed for sand particles based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, while more recently, a velocity-dependent modulus was proposed to model the acoustically induced elastic softening for the hollow glass be

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Nguyen, Duc-Toan. "A New Constitutive Model for AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet Deformed at Elevated Temperatures and Various Strain Rates." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 6 (2014): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0109.

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AbstractIn this study, a new constitutive model is established for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperatures and strain rates in order to describe two competing mechanisms for deformation, i.e. both work-hardening and softening stage of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. Stress-strain curves obtained by conducting uni-axial tensile tests at elevated and strain rates were first separated at the maximum stress and corresponding strain values. Voce's law [25] was then employed to fit separated hardening and softening stage. A MATLAB tool is used to determine material parameters by using leas

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Wang, Bowen, Juanjuan Wang, Xue Han, and Conghua Lu. "Light-Induced Surface Wrinkling on Azo-Based Composite Films." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050608.

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Here we report a simple micro/nano patterning strategy based on light-induced surface wrinkling. Namely, we fabricated a film/substrate system composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a soft substrate and non-photosensitive polymer polystyrene (PS) mixed with azo-polymer (polydisperse orange 3, PDO3) as a stiff film. Taking advantage of the photo-thermal effect and photo-softening effect of PDO3, we fabricated various microstructured wrinkling morphologies by a simple light illumination. We investigated the influence of two exposure modes (i.e., static selective exposure and dynamic moving e

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McGinty, Robert D., and David L. McDowell. "Application of Multiscale Crystal Plasticity Models to Forming Limit Diagrams." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 3 (2004): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1753264.

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A polycrystal plasticity model is used to conduct parametric studies of forming limit diagrams (FLD) and to compare with experimental data. The Marcinak and Kuczynski [13] method is applied. It is confirmed that the onset of necking is retarded by increases in the ratio of initial band to sheet thickness and material strain rate sensitivity. It was also demonstrated that initial texture plays an important role in FLD response, as has been shown in other recent studies [6,26,7]. It is shown that a texture resulting from plane strain compression to one-tenth of the initial thickness gives a pred

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Stauffer, Mel R., Don J. Gendzwill, and E. Karl Sauer. "Ice-thrust features and the Maymont landslide in the North Saskatchewan River valley." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 2 (1990): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-023.

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The Battleford glacier created shearing and softening of bedrock clays, contributing to widespread slope instability along the valley of the North Saskatchewan River. The Battleford glacier flowed southeastward down the valley of the North Saskatchewan River during its final stage in west-central Saskatchewan. It created flutings, crevasse fillings, folding and faulting in ice-thrust ridges, and extensive horizontal gouge zones filled with soft, malleable clay. Extensive drilling and testing for the foundations of the Maymont bridge provided definitive data outlining at least three gouge zones

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Abu Bakar, Siti Khatijah, Mohd Ezree Abdulah, Mazlina Mustafa Kamal, et al. "Evaluating the Rheological Properties of Waste Natural Rubber Latex Modified Binder." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401037.

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Road surface is designed to be the durable surface material to sustain the traffic loading. However, due to physical and mechanical stress, pavement deterioration is accelerated. Thus, modifying conventional bitumen by improving its properties is seen as the best method to prolong pavement in-service life. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of waste natural rubber (NR) latex on rheological properties of bitumen. Conventional bitumen PEN 80/100 was modified with different content of waste NR latex using a high shear mixer at temperature of 150°C. The modified binder properties wer

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Jiang, Zhen Wei, and Qi Yao Wang. "Study on the Formation and Repeated Opening Mechanism of Ground Fissures under the Role of Surface Water." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 3238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3238.

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The role of surface water is also the main reason for the formation and development of ground fissures. Five mechanisms were obtained on the formation of ground fissures under the role of surface water in the loess region through theoretical analysis, i.e., fissuring mechanism induced by loess collapsible deformation; that induced by dissolution and suffosion; that induced by water-loss shrinkage; that induced by hydraulic pressure; that induced by humidification and softening. As the role of surface water had certain phased and periodic characteristics, repeated fissuring mechanism of ground

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Шарма, Ашвани, Абхиманью Чаудхари, Акаш Субхаш Авале, Мохд Захир Хан Юсуфзай та Меганшу Вашиста. "Влияние условий шлифования на магнитный отклик инструментальной стали AISI D2". Дефектоскопия 3 (березень 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130308221030039.

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Nowadays, precision manufacturing industries are required faster surface inspection tools for the achievement of high productivity. In this context, the Barkhausen noise (BN) technique is adopted as a quick response technique in the grinding for qualitative evaluation of surface integrity of AISI D2 tool steel. Present work investigates the effect of eco-friendly coolant, i.e., cryogenic, on surface integrity of ground sample in the plunge grinding mode at different downfeed and compared with dry and wet environments. Surface integrity was assessed in respect of surface roughness, microstructu

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Sun, Yan, Shao Yong Jiang, Zhou Wei, and Xian Cai Lu. "Nano-Coating Texture on the Shear Slip Surface in Rocky Materials." Advanced Materials Research 669 (March 2013): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.108.

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Through SEM observation from natural and experimental examples of rocky materials, nanocoating texture was found on the shear slip surface (plane, lamellae). Our researching suggested that the nanocoating possesses some textural characteristics including granular, delaminating and rheological one. In general, single nano-sized grain (40-80 nm in diameter) with moderate roundness and sphericity could aggregate into the compound grain, and thickness of the nanocoating (thin shell, film) might reach from μm to cm scale in different rocky materials. Development of the nanocoating textures of shear

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Suzuki, H., S. Kinugawa, and Hideki Sekine. "Load Carrying Capacity of Notched CFRP Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 430 (March 2010): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.430.47.

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On the basis of a micromechanical study, a method for evaluating load carrying capacity of notched CFRP laminates is developed. The damage zone at a notch tip in CFRP laminates is modeled as a fictitious crack with a cohesive stress acting on the crack surface. Then, applying the Weibull weakest link theory to the strength of surviving fiber bundles on the crack surface, we derive the relationship between the cohesive stress and the crack opening displacement, i.e., the tension-softening relation. By incorporating it in a BEM scheme, the load-displacement relationship is simulated. The simulat

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Ohno, N., S. Murakami, and T. Ueno. "A Constitutive Model of Creep Describing Creep Recovery and Material Softening Caused by Stress Reversals." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107, no. 1 (1985): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225766.

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The constitutive model of creep proposed by the present authors on the basis of a creep-hardening surface in creep strain space (CHS model) is first modified to incorporate creep recovery. It is assumed that total creep strain can be divided into two parts; i.e., a part which recovers anelastically after stress removal and an irrecoverable part. These two parts are described by McVetty’s equation and the CHS model, respectively. Then, the validities of the modified and the original CHS model are discussed by performing creep tests of type 304 stainless steel under cyclic reversed torsion combi

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Song, Guochenhao, Zhuang Mo, and J. S. Bolton. "Experimental study and modeling of the level-dependent acoustical behavior of granular particle stacks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A56—A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015527.

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Researchers have previously observed elastic modulus softening and increased damping when granular particle stacks are exposed to progressively increasing acoustical excitation levels. However, the level-dependent behavior of granular particle stacks is not well understood, and there are no comprehensive approaches to modeling those effects. Earlier, the authors measured the absorption coefficient of a stack of one type of granular activated carbon stack by using signals having different bandwidths and levels. In the present work, five more types of granular particle stacks were studied to val

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Yan, Fuyao, Jiawei Yao, Baofeng Chen, et al. "A Novel Decarburizing-Nitriding Treatment of Carburized/through-Hardened Bearing Steel towards Enhanced Nitriding Kinetics and Microstructure Refinement." Coatings 11, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020112.

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Decarburization is generally avoided as it is reckoned to be a process detrimental to material surface properties. Based on the idea of duplex surface engineering, i.e., nitriding the case-hardened or through-hardened bearing steels for enhanced surface performance, this work deliberately applied decarburization prior to plasma nitriding to cancel the softening effect of decarburizing with nitriding and at the same time to significantly promote the nitriding kinetics. To manifest the applicability of this innovative duplex process, low-carbon M50NiL and high-carbon M50 bearing steels were adop

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Panishev, S. V., D. V. Hosoev, and A. I. Matveev. "Enhancing Efficiency of Overburden Removal and Coal Mining at Elginsky Coal Deposit in Yakutia by their Softening with Surfactants." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2021 (March 15, 2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-1-98-104.

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The paper analyzes the impact of physical and mechanical properties of different lithological rock types at the Elginsky deposit on the performance of the KSM-2000R Continuous Surface Miner. It has been established that the productivity of KSM-2000R stands at 1400 m3/h if the compressive strength of the rocks is not exceeding 40 MPa, which covers coals and carbonaceous siltstones. However, if the share of hard particles with the compressive strength between 40 and 60 MPa rises to 40% (aleurolites mainly), the productivity is expected to be reduced down to 1000 m3/h, while with the 33% of the c

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Bakhtiyarov, Kamil R., Afet S. Abdulaeva, Makka B. Bimurzayeva, Daria V. Korolyova, and Polina I. Kuzmina. "Changes in the microbiome as a factor in the development of isthmic cervical insufficiency." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2313-8726-2024-11-1-49-56.

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The status of a woman’s cervicovaginal microbiome may correlate with the risk of obstetric complications such as isthmic cervical insufficiency (ICI) and preterm delivery (PD). This review examined the relationship between the microbiome and ICI. The dominance of Lactobacillus crispatus and, possibly, L. gasseri in the microbiome was associated with full-term pregnancy, whereas the predominance of other Lactobacillus species and anaerobic bacteria led to the preterm rupture of membranes and PD. Notably, high levels of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 2, even without L. crispatus dominance,

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Langenfeld, Kai, Kerstin Möhring, Frank Walther, and Jörn Mosler. "Regularizational approach for modeling ductile damage." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930008008.

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It is well known, that modeling of material softening behavior can lead to ill-posed boundary value problems. This, in turn, leads to meshdependent results as far as the finite-element-method is concerned [1]. Several solution strategies in order to regularize the aforementioned problem have been proposed in the literature, cf. [2]. However, these strategies often involve high implementational effort. An approach which is very efficient froman implementational point of view is the so-called micromorphic approach by [3, 4]. This regularization technique includes gradients of internal variables

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Carmona, Jacinto R., Raúl Cortés-Buitrago, Juan Rey-Rey, and Gonzalo Ruiz. "Planar Crack Approach to Evaluate the Flexural Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Sections." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 5821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175821.

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This article describes a model based on concepts of Fracture Mechanics to evaluate the flexural strength of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) sections. The model covers the need by structural engineers to have tools that allow, in a simple way, the designing of FRC sections and avoiding complex calculations through finite elements. It consists of an analytical method that models FRC post-cracking behavior with a cohesive linear softening law (σ − w). We use a compatibility equation based on the planar crack hypothesis, i.e., the assumption that the crack surfaces remain plane throughout the frac

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Zhu, Chen, Dexin Jiao, Ying Sun, et al. "Effects of Ultra-High Pressure on Endogenous Enzyme Activities, Protein Properties, and Quality Characteristics of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Iced Storage." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196302.

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The present study aimed to explore the effects of ultra-high pressure (UHP) on the cathepsin (B, D, H, and L) activities, protein oxidation, and degradation properties as well as quality characteristics of iced shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fresh shrimps were vacuum-packed, treated with UHP (100–500 MPa for 5 min), and stored at 0 °C for 15 days. The results showed that the L* (luminance), b* (yellowness), W (whiteness), ΔE (color difference), hardness, shear force, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of shrimp were significantly improved by UHP treatment. Moreover, the contents of surface h

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Wang, Liang, Xue Zhang, and Stefano Tinti. "Large deformation dynamic analysis of progressive failure in layered clayey slopes under seismic loading using the particle finite element method." Acta Geotechnica 16, no. 8 (2021): 2435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01142-8.

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AbstractThis paper presents the failure analysis of layered clayey slopes with emphasis on the combined effect of the clay’s weakening behavior and the seismic loading using the particle finite element method (PFEM). Diverse failure mechanisms have been disclosed via the PFEM modelling when the strain-weakening behavior of clay is concerned. In contrast to a single layered slope exhibiting either a shallow or a deep failure mode, a layered slope may undergo both failure modes with a time interval in between. Seismic loadings also enlarge the scale of slope failure in clays with weakening behav

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Zambrano, Oscar A., Javad Gholipour, Priti Wanjara, and Jiaren (Jimmy) Jiang. "Linear Friction Welding of Abrasion Resistant CPM 15V Tool Steel to an Alloyed Carbon Shovel-Tooth Steel." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 2 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7020051.

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Alloyed carbon steels used in ground engaging tools (GETs), such as shovel-teeth, can withstand high working loads, but their wear resistance is inadequate for abrasive operations in the mining industry. Different approaches to engineer protective surfaces on GETs for improving wear resistance have been developed over the years, but the effectiveness of the applied abrasive resistance layer has been limited by the maximum thickness that can be realized reliably. Considering wear requirements for GETs to reach end-of-life without requiring unscheduled maintenance for after-failure repairs, a mi

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Folkes, D. J., and J. H. A. Crooks. "Effective stress paths and yielding in soft clays below embankments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 3 (1985): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-048.

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Current methods of predicting the response of soft clays to surface loading are often unsuccessful because the assumed constitutive relationships, including effective stress path behaviour, are incorrect. In particular, the transition from small-strain to large-strain behaviour (i.e. yielding) is frequently not taken into account. Recent laboratory testing has demonstrated that the behaviour of soft clays is largely controlled by yielding. The locus of effective stress states causing yield is known as the yield envelope (YE).The effective stress paths (ESP's) in soft clay foundations below the

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Wirtz, Andreas, Mohamed Abdulgader, Michael P. Milz, Wolfgang Tillmann, Frank Walther, and Dirk Biermann. "Thermally Assisted Machine Hammer Peening of Arc-Sprayed ZnAl-Based Corrosion Protective Coatings." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040109.

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Structural elements of offshore facilities, e.g., offshore wind turbines, are subject to static and dynamic mechanical and environmental loads, for example, from wind, waves, and corrosive media. Protective coatings such as thermal sprayed ZnAl coatings are often used for protection, mainly against corrosive stresses. The Machine Hammer Peening (MHP) process is an innovative and promising technique for the post-treatment of ZnAl coating systems that helps reducing roughness and porosity and inducing compressive residual stresses. This should lead to an enhancement of the corrosion fatigue beha

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Suzuki, Kenji, and Keisuke Tanaka. "Applications on High-Energy X-Rays to Stress Measurements of Thermal Barrier Coatings." Textures and Microstructures 35, no. 3-4 (2003): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0733300310001634943.

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High-energy X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source, SPring-8, were applied to the stress measurements of thermal barrier coating (TBC). The specimen had a zirconia top coat on a bond coat of NiCoCrAlY sprayed on the substrate of Ni-base super alloys. The stress in the bond coat was measured through the top coat using the diffraction of Ni3Al 311 by high-energy X-rays with an energy of 72 keV. The sin2ψ method was used to determine the stress value. A specially designed furnace with a wide beryllium window was developed to conduct in-situ measurements of the internal stress in the bond coat

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