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Journal articles on the topic 'Iceland Sea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Arnalds, O., H. Olafsson, and P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova. "Quantification of iron-rich volcanogenic dust emissions and deposition over the ocean from Icelandic dust sources." Biogeosciences 11, no. 23 (2014): 6623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6623-2014.

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Abstract. Iceland has extremely active dust sources that result in large-scale emissions and deposition on land and at sea. The dust has a volcanogenic origin of basaltic composition with about 10% Fe content. We used two independent methods to quantify dust emission from Iceland and dust deposition at sea. Firstly, the aerial extent (map) of deposition on land was extended to ocean areas around Iceland. Secondly, surveys of the number of dust events over the past decades and calculations of emissions and sea deposition for the dust storms were made. The results show that total emissions range

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Arnalds, O., H. Olafsson, and P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova. "Quantification of iron-rich volcanogenic dust emissions and deposition over ocean from Icelandic dust sources." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 4 (2014): 5941–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-5941-2014.

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Abstract. Iceland has extremely active dust sources that result in large scale emissions and deposition on land and sea. The dust has volcanogenic origin of basaltic composition with about 10 % Fe content. We used two independent methods to quantify dust emission from Iceland and dust deposition on sea. Firstly, aerial extent (map) of deposition on land was extended to ocean areas around Iceland. Secondly, survey of number of dust events over the past decades and calculations of emissions and sea deposition for the dust storms were made. The results show total emissions range from 30.5 (dust e

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3

Magnússon, Bjarni Már, and Snjólaug Árnadóttir. "Iceland’s Territorial Sea Baselines, Volcanic Eruptions and Sea Level Rise." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 15, no. 1 (2024): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_015010002.

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Abstract Volcanic eruptions can have various consequences, including in the field of the international law of the sea. This article addresses the impact that two volcanic eruptions had on the baselines for measuring the breadth of Iceland’s territorial sea. First, the impact of the eruption in 1918 in Katla was addressed by the Supreme Court of Iceland in 1922 which confirmed a district court decision stating that the territorial sea line was not a fixed or determined line on the sea but changed with avulsions and accretions. Second, the sudden appearance of the volcanic island Surtsey in 1963

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Hanna, Edward, Trausti Jónsson, Jon Ólafsson, and Hedinn Valdimarsson. "Icelandic Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Records Constructed: Putting the Pulse on Air–Sea–Climate Interactions in the Northern North Atlantic. Part I: Comparison with HadISST1 Open-Ocean Surface Temperatures and Preliminary Analysis of Long-Term Patterns and Anomalies of SSTs around Iceland." Journal of Climate 19, no. 21 (2006): 5652–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3933.1.

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Abstract A new comprehensive record of long-term Icelandic sea surface temperature measurements, which have been updated and filled in with reference to air temperature records, is presented. The new SST series reveal important features of the variability of climate in Iceland and the northern North Atlantic. This study documents site histories and possible resulting inconsistencies and biases, for example, changes in observing sites and instruments. A new 119-yr continuous time series for north Iceland SST is presented, which should prove particularly useful for investigating air–sea ice inte

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Kjetil, Våge, Moore G.W.K., Jónsson Steingrímur, and Valdimarsson Héðinn. "Water mass transformation in the Iceland Sea." Deep Sea Research Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers Volume 101,, July 2015, (2015): 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.001.

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The water mass transformation that takes place in the Iceland Sea during winter is investigated using historical hydrographic data and atmospheric reanalysis fields. Surface densities exceeding σθ=27.8kg/m3, and hence of sufficient density to contribute to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation via the overflows across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, exist throughout the interior Iceland Sea east of the Kolbeinsey Ridge at the end of winter. The deepest and densest mixed layers are found in the northwest Iceland Sea on the outskirts of the basin׳s cyclonic

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Olafsson, Kristinn, Sigurdur M. Einarsson, John Gilbey, et al. "Origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at sea in Icelandic waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 6 (2015): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv176.

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Abstract The origin and life history of 186 Atlantic salmon caught at sea within Icelandic waters were investigated using microsatellites to assess the origin and scales and otoliths to assess freshwater and sea age. A total of 184 samples were aged using scales or otolithes or both. Most of the samples were from individuals in their first year at sea (72.8%). The freshwater age varied from 1 to 5 years with an average of 2.6 years. The most common freshwater age was 2 years (42%), with a further substantial proportion of 3-year-old fish (28%). Genetic assignment of individual fish to their mo

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7

Blechschmidt, A. M., J. E. Kristjánsson, H. Ólafsson, J. F. Burkhart, and Ø. Hodnebrog. "Aircraft-based observations and high-resolution simulations of an Icelandic dust storm." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (2012): 7949–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-7949-2012.

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Abstract. The first aircraft-based observations of an Icelandic dust storm are presented. The measurements were carried out over the ocean near Iceland's south coast in February 2007. This dust event occurred in conjunction with an easterly barrier jet of more than 30 m s−1. The aircraft measurements show high particle mass mixing ratios in an area of low wind speeds in the wake of Iceland near the coast, decreasing abruptly towards the jet. Simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) indicate that the measured high mass mixing ratios and obser

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Blechschmidt, A. M., J. E. Kristjánsson, H. Ólafsson, J. F. Burkhart, Ø. Hodnebrog, and P. D. Rosenberg. "Aircraft-based observations and high-resolution simulations of an Icelandic dust storm." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 22 (2012): 10649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10649-2012.

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Abstract. The first aircraft-based observations of an Icelandic dust storm are presented. The measurements were carried out over the ocean near Iceland's south coast in February 2007. This dust event occurred in conjunction with an easterly barrier jet of more than 30 m s−1. The aircraft measurements show high particle mass mixing ratios in an area of low wind speeds in the wake of Iceland near the coast, decreasing abruptly towards the jet. Simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) indicate that the measured high mass mixing ratios and obser

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9

Risebrobakken, Bjørg, Mari F. Jensen, Helene R. Langehaug, et al. "Buoyancy forcing: a key driver of northern North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability across multiple timescales." Climate of the Past 19, no. 5 (2023): 1101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1101-2023.

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Abstract. Analyses of observational data (from year 1870 AD) show that sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies along the pathway of Atlantic Water transport in the North Atlantic, the Norwegian Sea and the Iceland Sea are spatially coherent at multidecadal timescales. Spatially coherent SST anomalies are also observed over hundreds of thousands of years during parts of the Pliocene (5.23–5.03, 4.63–4.43, and 4.33–4.03 Ma). However, when investigating CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6) SSP126 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) future scenario runs (next century) and other Pliocene time

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10

Guðmundsdóttir, Esther Ruth, Jón Eiríksson, and Guðrún Larsen. "Holocene marine tephrochronology on the Icelandic shelf: An overview." Jökull 62, no. 1 (2012): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2012.62.053.

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Currently the Late-glacial and Holocene marine tephrochronology on the shelf around Iceland comprises 130 tephra layers from 30 sediment cores ranging in age from 15,000 years cal. BP to AD 1947. A vast majority of the cores and tephra layers are from the North Iceland shelf. Much fewer tephra layers have been found on the South and West Iceland shelf. The early Holocene Saksunarvatn ash and Vedde Ash are the only tephra layers identified on all investigated shelf areas. For the last 15,000 years correlated tephra layers from the shelf sediments around Iceland to their terrestrial counterparts

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Kristjánsdóttir, Helga, Olga Ágústsdóttir, and Guðríður Jónsdóttir. "EXPORT SAGA AT THE SEA." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 9, no. 5 (2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-5-13-22.

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The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the stages of country's export saga. The country is an island, Iceland, a remote island in the north. The export saga spans more than a thousand years, from Viking settlement to the present day. The introduction provides an overview, followed by a story about the generation born a few years before World War II and what life was like before and after the start of significant fish exports. Secondly, it discusses the evolution of exports from Iceland in terms of the goods that dominate exports. Thirdly, it analyses whether the nature of exports

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Meißner, Karin, Nils Brenke, and Jörundur Svavarsson. "Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions." Polish Polar Research 35, no. 2 (2014): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0016.

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Abstract During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals – Genetics and Ecology) expeditions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119–2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sediment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in

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13

Joest, Anna B., Hisayo Okahashi, Alexandra Ostmann, et al. "Recent deep-sea ostracods of the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean." Micropaleontology 68, no. 3 (2022): 291–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.68.3.07.

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Presented here is an illustrated checklist of benthic marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) recorded from Recent surface sediments of the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA). It presents 142 species (and species groups) belonging to 62 genera from 41 sampling sites collected from the water depths of 144â€“2749 m.We provide census data with scanning electron microscope images of representative specimens of most species, as well as geographical and bathymetrical distribution maps of selected species and genera. Samples from the Nordic seas (i.e., Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea), as well as North Atlantic

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14

G., W. K. Moore, Våge K., S. Pickart R., and A. Renfrew I. "Decreasing intensity of open-ocean convection in the Greenland and Iceland seas." Nature Climate Change 5, (June 29, 2015): 877–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2688.

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The air–sea transfer of heat and fresh water plays a critical role in the global climate system<sup>1</sup>. This is particularly true for the Greenland and Iceland seas, where these fluxes drive ocean convection that contributes to Denmark Strait overflow water, the densest component of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC; ref. 2). Here we show that the wintertime retreat of sea ice in the region, combined with different rates of warming for the atmosphere and sea surface of the Greenland and Iceland seas, has resulted in statistically significan

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15

Petersen, Guðrún Nína. "Meteorological buoy measurements in the Iceland Sea, 2007–2009." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (2017): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-779-2017.

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Abstract. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) conducted meteorological buoy measurements in the central Iceland Sea in the time period 2007–2009, specifically in the northern Dreki area on the southern segment of the Jan Mayen Ridge. Due to difficulties in deployment and operations, in situ measurements in this region are sparse. Here the buoy, deployment and measurements are described with the aim of giving a future user of the data set information that is as comprehensive as possible. The data set has been quality-checked, suspect data removed and the data set made publicly available f

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16

Gudjonsson, S., S. M. Einarsson, Th Antonsson, and G. Gudbergsson. "Relation of grilse to salmon ratio to environmental changes in several wild stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Iceland." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 7 (1995): 1385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-134.

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The grilse to salmon ratio of each smolt class of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the last three decades were examined using data from catch records and from direct counter data in several rivers in western and northern Iceland. The counter data show that the catch data in Icelandic rivers reflects the number of spawners entering the rivers. Both long- and short-term changes in the grilse to salmon ratio were seen. Climatic changes can be responsible for long term changes in sea age composition of Icelandic salmon stocks. Short-term changes in the ratio can be explained by changes in mari

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17

Bromwich, David H., Lesheng Bai, and Gudmundur G. Bjarnason. "High-Resolution Regional Climate Simulations over Iceland Using Polar MM5*." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 12 (2005): 3527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3049.1.

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Abstract High-resolution regional climate simulations of Iceland for 1991–2000 have been performed using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesocale Model (MM5) modified for use in polar regions (Polar MM5) with three nested domains and short-duration integrations. The simulated results are compared with monthly mean surface observations from Iceland for 1991–2000 to demonstrate the high level of model performance; correlation coefficients exceed 0.9 for most variables considered. The simulation results are used to analyze the

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18

Geirsdóttir, Áslaug, and Jón Eiríksson. "Growth of an Intermittent Ice Sheet in Iceland during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene." Quaternary Research 42, no. 2 (1994): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1061.

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AbstractDeep-sea paleoclimatic records show that the Quaternary climate around Iceland was, and probably still is, very sensitive to rapid shifts in North Atlantic oceanic circulation. Studies of several key sections in Iceland indicate that similar oscillations are reflected in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene terrestrial stratigraphy. Correlations between six rock sequences in western, northern, eastern, and southern Iceland show a fairly distinct trend during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition indicating the progressive growth of an ice sheet from southeast toward the north and west

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19

Churchill, Robin R. "The Barents Sea Loophole Agreement: A "Coastal State" Solution to a Straddling Stock Problem." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14, no. 4 (1999): 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180899x00282.

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AbstractIn May 1999 Iceland, Norway and Russia signed an agreement (the "Loophole Agreement") designed to resolve a six-year dispute over unregulated fishing by Icelandic vessels for straddling stocks in an enclave ("the Loophole") of high seas in the central Barents Sea. The Agreement, which gives Iceland fishing rights in the Norwegian and Russian EEZs in return for ceasing fishing in the Loophole, is an example of direct co-operation between coastal and high seas fishing states over the management of straddling fish stocks on the high seas which the 1995 UN Agreement on the Conservation and

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20

Olafsson, J., S. R. Olafsdottir, A. Benoit-Cattin, and T. Takahashi. "The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea time series measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry 1983–2006." Earth System Science Data Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-2-477-2009.

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Abstract. This paper describes the ways and means of assembling and quality controling the Irminger Sea and Iceland Sea time-series biogeochemical data which are included in the CARINA data set. The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea are hydrographically different regions where measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry were started in 1983. The sampling is seasonal, four times a year. The carbon chemistry is studied with measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater, pCO2, and total dissolved inorganic carbon, TCO2. The carbon chemistry data are for surface wat

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Olafsson, J., S. R. Olafsdottir, A. Benoit-Cattin, and T. Takahashi. "The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea time series measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry 1983–2008." Earth System Science Data 2, no. 1 (2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-99-2010.

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Abstract. This paper describes the ways and means of assembling and quality controling the Irminger Sea and Iceland Sea time-series biogeochemical data which are included in the CARINA data set. The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea are hydrographically different regions where measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry were started in 1983. The sampling is seasonal, four times a year. The carbon chemistry is studied with measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater, pCO2, and total dissolved inorganic carbon, TCO2. The carbon chemistry data are for surface wat

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22

Wilke, Maria, and Sigríður Kristjánsdóttir. "Under the Surface: Climatic and Societal Challenges in Marine Spatial Planning in the Westfjords of Iceland." Climate 11, no. 8 (2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli11080172.

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As the global climate is changing dramatically, the Westfjords of Iceland are facing a multitude of challenges, including changing weather patterns, sea level rise, and invasive species. In order to cope with the recent climatic changes—many of which present great uncertainties to livelihoods—strategies must be developed to plan and adapt for the future. Iceland has recently launched marine spatial planning (MSP) endeavours, and one of the first planning processes has been conducted in the Westfjords. MSP presents opportunities for authorities, stakeholders, and the public to come together to

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Våge, Kjetil, G. W. K. Moore, Steingrímur Jónsson, and Héðinn Valdimarsson. "Water mass transformation in the Iceland Sea." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 101 (July 2015): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.001.

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Hughes, Lauren E., and Anne-Nina Lörz. "Unciolidae of Deep-Sea Iceland (Amphipoda, Crustacea)." Diversity 15, no. 4 (2023): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040546.

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An overview of North Atlantic Unciola Say, 1818 is provided along with the description of two new species, U. conchicola sp. nov. and U. icelandica sp. nov. Both deep-sea species were collected living sympatrically at an almost 2000 m depth in the Iceland Basin, southwest of Iceland, each showing a vertical distribution of more than 1 km. In addition to the wide depth range, U. icelandica sp. nov. also shows a broad geographic distribution of more than 1000 km. Unciola conchicola sp. nov. was seen to attach its tubular domicile to the inner cavity of a gastropod shell; however, no specific lif

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Mellows, Andrew, Ross Barnett, Love Dalén, et al. "The impact of past climate change on genetic variation and population connectivity in the Icelandic arctic fox." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1747 (2012): 4568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1796.

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Previous studies have suggested that the presence of sea ice is an important factor in facilitating migration and determining the degree of genetic isolation among contemporary arctic fox populations. Because the extent of sea ice is dependent upon global temperatures, periods of significant cooling would have had a major impact on fox population connectivity and genetic variation. We tested this hypothesis by extracting and sequencing mitochondrial control region sequences from 17 arctic foxes excavated from two late-ninth-century to twelfth-century AD archaeological sites in northeast Icelan

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Gislason, Astthor, Hildur Petursdottir, and Kristinn Gudmundsson. "Long-term changes in abundance of Calanus finmarchicus south and north of Iceland in relation to environmental conditions and regional diversity in spring 1990–2013." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 9 (2014): 2539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu098.

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Abstract A 24-year time series of the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus from two standard sections differing in hydrographical conditions (Atlantic Water south of Iceland, Subarctic Water north of Iceland) was examined in relation to hydrography, phytoplankton dynamics, and large-scale climatic forcing (North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). In the sea area around Iceland, C. finmarchicus is the most abundant mesozooplankter. The long-term variations were evaluated using multivariate statistics, principal component analyses, redundancy analyses (RDA), and principal response curves. Both south and n

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Renfrew, I. A., R. S. Pickart, K. Våge, et al. "The Iceland Greenland Seas Project." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 9 (2019): 1795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0217.1.

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AbstractThe Iceland Greenland Seas Project (IGP) is a coordinated atmosphere–ocean research program investigating climate processes in the source region of the densest waters of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. During February and March 2018, a field campaign was executed over the Iceland and southern Greenland Seas that utilized a range of observing platforms to investigate critical processes in the region, including a research vessel, a research aircraft, moorings, sea gliders, floats, and a meteorological buoy. A remarkable feature of the field campaign was the highly coordi

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Todt, Christiane, and Kevin M. Kocot. "New Records for The Solenogaster Proneomenia Sluiteri (Mollusca) from Icelandic Waters and Description of Proneomenia Custodiens sp. n." Polish Polar Research 35, no. 2 (2014): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0012.

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Abstract During August–September 2011, scientists aboard the R/V Meteor sampled marine animals around Iceland for the IceAGE project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). The last sample was taken at a site known as “The Rose Garden” off northeastern Iceland and yielded a large number of two species of Proneomenia (Mollusca, Aplacophora, Solenogastres, Cavibelonia, Proneomeniidae). We examined isolated sclerites, radulae, and histological section series for both species. The first, Proneomenia sluiteri Hubrecht, 1880, was originally described from the Barents Sea. This is the first

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Fox, Anthony David, Mitch D. Weegman, Stuart Bearhop, et al. "Climate change and contrasting plasticity in timing of a two-step migration episode of an Arctic-nesting avian herbivore." Current Zoology 60, no. 2 (2014): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.2.233.

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Abstract Greenland white-fronted geese Anser albifrons flavirostris wintering in Britain and Ireland migrate over the sea for 700–1200 km to stage 3–5 weeks in Iceland in spring, continuing a similar distance over the sea and Greenland Ice Cap to West Greenland breeding grounds. During 1969 to 2012, the geese advanced the mean departure date from Ireland by 15 days, during which time also they attained threshold fat stores earlier as well as departing in fatter condition. Over that period, Iceland spring-staging geese shifted from consuming underground plant storage organs to grazing managed h

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Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Jean-Luc Schneider, Águst Guðmundsson, et al. "Eemian estuarine record forced by glacio-isostasy (southern Iceland)—link with Greenland and deep sea records." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 2 (2018): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0126.

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Central southern Iceland is one of the main outlets of the Icelandic Ice Sheet where a MIS 5e sedimentary complex, the Rangá Formation, is extensively observed below the last deglaciation terminal moraines. Sedimentary facies demonstrate that the Rangá Formation is mostly tidal, up to 215 m (transgression I) and 168 m (transgression II) in altitude. The first highstand reworks a thick tephra from the Grimsvötn volcano, known in marine cores as 5e low/Bas-IV and positioned at ca. 127 Ka BP, the Eemian thermal optimum. This formation is related to a rapid deglaciation followed by two marine tran

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Trueman, Clive N., Kirsteen M. MacKenzie, and Martin R. Palmer. "Stable isotopes reveal linkages between ocean climate, plankton community dynamics, and survival of two populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 5 (2012): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss066.

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Abstract Trueman, C. N., MacKenzie, K. M., and Palmer, M. R. 2012. Stable isotopes reveal linkages between ocean climate, plankton community dynamics, and survival of two populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 784–794. An 18-year record of stable isotopes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) migrating to two different regions of the North Atlantic reveals climate-driven subdecadal variations. Time-series of carbon isotopes in one salmon stock, thought to feed in the Faroes/Iceland Basin area, show Subpolar Gyre (SPG) modal variability, which is not se

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Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., O. Arnalds, and H. Olafsson. "Long-term variability of dust events in Iceland (1949–2011)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 11 (2014): 17331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-17331-2014.

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Abstract. Long-term frequency of atmospheric dust observations was investigated for the southern part of Iceland and merged with results obtained from the Northeast Iceland (Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al., 2013). In total, over 34 dust days per year on average occurred in Iceland based on conventionally used synoptic codes for dust. Including codes 04–06 into the criteria for dust observations, the frequency was 135 dust days annually. The Sea Level Pressure (SLP) oscillation controlled whether dust events occurred in NE (16.4 dust days annually) or in southern part of Iceland (about 18 dust day

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Ostmann, Alexandra, Sarah Schnurr, and Pedro Martínez Arbizu. "Marine Environment Around Iceland: Hydrography, Sediments and First Predictive Models of Icelandic Deep-sea Sediment Characteristics." Polish Polar Research 35, no. 2 (2014): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0021.

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Abstract Sediment samples and hydrographic conditions were studied at 28 stations around Iceland. At these sites, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts were coducted to collect hydrographic data and multicorer casts were conducted to collect data on sediment characteristics including grain size distribution, carbon and nitrogen concentration, and chloroplastic pigment concentration. A total of 14 environmental predictors were used to model sediment characteristics around Iceland on regional scale. Two approaches were used: Multivariate Adaptation Regression Splines (MARS) and randomForest

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Astthorsson, Olafur S., Héðinn Valdimarsson, Asta Gudmundsdottir, and Guðmundur J. Óskarsson. "Climate-related variations in the occurrence and distribution of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Icelandic waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 7 (2012): 1289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss084.

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Abstract Astthorsson, O. S., Valdimarsson, H., Gudmundsdottir, A., and Óskarsson, G. J. 2012. Climate-related variations in the occurrence and distribution of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Icelandic waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Based on long-term investigations on sea temperature in Icelandic waters, five climatic periods are defined from the mid-1880s until today. These are a cold period between 1880 and 1920, a warm period between 1921 and 1964, a cold period between 1965 and 1971, one of intermediate conditions (alternating warm and cold) between 1972 and 1995, and final

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Meca, Miguel A., Jon Anders Kongsrud, Katrine Kongshavn, Tom Alvestad, Karin Meißner, and Nataliya Budaeva. "Diversity of Orbiniella (Orbiniidae, Annelida) in the North Atlantic and the Arctic." ZooKeys 1205 (June 20, 2024): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1205.120300.

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In this work, the diversity of the genus Orbiniella in the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic waters south of Iceland is studied based on the analyses of molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS2) and morphological characters. Our results showed the presence of at least five genetic lineages in the studied material which could also be morphologically identified by their segmental annulation patterns, the number and the shape of acicular spines, and the length and the shape of pygidial lobes. The species name Orbiniella petersenae is assigned to one of the lineages restric

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Smed, Jens. "Hydrographic Work of the INGOLF Expedition (1895 and 1896) to Icelandic and West Greenland Waters." Earth Sciences History 27, no. 2 (2008): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.27.2.801g72r073445011.

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The Danish expedition in the summers of 1895 and 1896 on board the cruiser Ingolf to Icelandic and West Greenland waters mainly had zoological tasks, the results of which are treated in the present issue by Wolff. However, the expedition also obtained significant results in physical oceanography. The existence of a vast subsurface ridge, the Reykjanes Ridge, was proved. On the basis of the hydrographic stations worked, the expedition's physicist and chemist Martin Knudsen was able to describe the hydrographic situation of the area. He proved the division of the Irminger Current into an easterl

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Harden, B. E., I. A. Renfrew, and G. N. Petersen. "Meteorological buoy observations from the central Iceland Sea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120, no. 8 (2015): 3199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022584.

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Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, and Einar Sveinbjörnsson. "Recent variations in sea-ice extent off Iceland." Jökull 57, no. 1 (2007): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2007.57.061.

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Meca, Miguel A., Jon Anders Kongsrud, Katrine Kongshavn, Tom Alvestad, Karin Meißner, and Nataliya Budaeva. "Diversity of Orbiniella (Orbiniidae, Annelida) in the North Atlantic and the Arctic." ZooKeys 1205 (June 20, 2024): 51–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1205.120300.

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In this work, the diversity of the genus <i>Orbiniella</i> in the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic waters south of Iceland is studied based on the analyses of molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS2) and morphological characters. Our results showed the presence of at least five genetic lineages in the studied material which could also be morphologically identified by their segmental annulation patterns, the number and the shape of acicular spines, and the length and the shape of pygidial lobes. The species name <i>Orbiniella petersenae</i> is assigned to one of the li

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Brix, Saskia, Anne-Nina Lörz, Anna M. Jażdżewska, et al. "Amphipod family distributions around Iceland." ZooKeys 731 (January 23, 2018): 1–53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854.

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Amphipod crustaceans were collected at all 55 stations sampled with an epibenthic sledge during two IceAGE expeditions (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology) in 2011 and 2013. In total, 34 amphipod families and three superfamilies were recorded in the samples. Distribution maps are presented for each taxon along with a summary of the regional taxonomy for the group. Statistical analyses based on presence/absence data revealed a pattern of family distributions that correlated with sampling depth. Clustering according to the geographic location of the stations (northernmost North Atlan

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Gislason, Astthor, and Teresa Silva. "Abundance, composition, and development of zooplankton in the Subarctic Iceland Sea in 2006, 2007, and 2008." ICES journal of marine science : journal du conseil 69, no. 7 (2012): 1263–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss070.

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A large-scale study of zooplankton from surface waters and depth-stratified sampling at selected sites in the Iceland Sea was conducted during the years 2006–2008. The abundance of mesozooplankton was low during winter, when animals were mostly confined to the colder (∼0°C) and deeper (∼200–1000 m) layers, and peaked during late summer (∼11–18 g dry weight m−2, ∼300 000–400 000 ind. m−2), when animals resided mainly above the 50–100-m depth range. Diversity was greatest near the shelf edges and least in the central Iceland Sea. Around 32% of mesozooplankton variability was explained by six var

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Milovanovic, Bosko, Milan Radovanovic, and Vladan Ducic. "Ocean and atmosphere coupling, connection between sub-polar Atlantic air temperature, Icelandic minimum and temperature in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 3 (2009): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0903165m.

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In the presented paper correlation between the northern part of the Atlantic ocean (belt between 50-65?N) and the atmospheric pressure is examined. Connection between the ocean temperature and atmospheric pressure is the most obvious in the El Nino southern oscillation mechanism. Thus, so far it is not known that such a mechanism exist in the Atlantic ocean. The main accent in the presented paper is focused on the connection between Iceland low and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar part of the Atlantic ocean (used data are in grid 5x5?). By hierarchical cluster analysis five re

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Mattína, Helga, Steven E. Campana, and Klara Jakobsdóttir. "Environmental preferences and critical habitat for the velvet belly lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax) in Icelandic waters." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0299544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299544.

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The velvet belly lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax) is a small, bioluminescent shark that is caught as bycatch in many deep-sea fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Using data from 10,597 seasonal research survey tows spanning 11 years, the distribution, relative abundance, life history, and environmental preferences of E. spinax in Icelandic waters was examined for the first time. E. spinax (n = 8774) were only captured in relatively deep offshore waters to the south and west of Iceland. Females grew to larger sizes than males and reached 50% sexual maturity at a total length of 50 cm. Females at a

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Árnason, S. H., Ǽ. Th Thórsson, B. Magnússon, M. Philipp, H. E. Adsersen, and K. Anamthawat-Jónsson. "Spatial genetic structure of the Sea Sandwort on Surtsey: an immigrant's journey." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 6 (2014): 10045–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-10045-2014.

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Abstract. Sea Sandwort (Honckenya peploides) is one of the first plants to successfully colonize and reproduce on the volcanic island Surtsey, formed in 1963 off the southern coast of Iceland. Using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers we examined levels of genetic variation and differentiation among populations of H. peploides on Surtsey in relation to populations on the nearby island Heimaey and from the southern coast of Iceland. Selected populations from Denmark and Greenland were used for comparison. In addition, we tested whether the effects of isolation by distance can b

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Stewart, F. S. "An evaluation of seismic and borehole data available from onshore and offshore site investigations of relict glaciated areas." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.56.

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AbstractUsing late Quaternary ice marginal sites from the North Sea and Iceland a comparison of the sedimentary information available from subaerial and submarine site investigations was made. This was with regard to palaeo-environmental reconstructions of ice marginal Sedimentation processes. A detailed high resolution seismic survey in-the North Sea was compared to a similar subaerial site in Iceland. Submarine cores were compared with logged sections available from cliffs. These comparisons highlighted the differences in resolution of the structural information available and also the proble

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Downes, J. A. "THE POST-GLACIAL COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ISLANDS." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 55–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144055-1.

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AbstractThe paper discusses the nature and origins of the present-day insect faunas of Greenland, Iceland, and the Faeroes in relation to those of North America and Europe. The markedly warm-adapted faunas of the Early Tertiary were modified or eliminated as the climate cooled from the Oligocene onward to the Pleistocene glaciations. The Wisconsinan glaciation peaked about 20 000 years ago, and then gave way rapidly to the arctic and cool temperate climates of the present, and the North Atlantic islands thus became habitable again but separated by wide expanses of northern seas. At most only a

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Olafsson, J., S. R. Olafsdottir, A. Benoit-Cattin, M. Danielsen, T. S. Arnarson, and T. Takahashi. "Rate of Iceland Sea acidification from time series measurements." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (2009): 5251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-5251-2009.

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Abstract. The Iceland Sea is one part of the Nordic Seas. Cold Arctic Water prevails there and the deep water is an important source of North Atlantic Deep Water. We have evaluated time series observations of measured pCO2 and total CO2 concentration from discrete seawater samples during 1985–2008 for changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The surface pH in winter decreases 0.0024 yr−1, which is 50% faster than those at two subtropical time series stations, BATS and ESTOC. In the deep water regime (>1500 m), the rate of pH decline is ¼ of that observed in surface wate

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Olafsson, J., S. R. Olafsdottir, A. Benoit-Cattin, M. Danielsen, T. S. Arnarson, and T. Takahashi. "Rate of Iceland Sea acidification from time series measurements." Biogeosciences 6, no. 11 (2009): 2661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2661-2009.

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Abstract. The Iceland Sea is one part of the Nordic Seas. Cold Arctic Water prevails there and the deep-water is an important source of North Atlantic Deep Water. We have evaluated time series observations of measured pCO2 and total CO2 concentration from discrete seawater samples during 1985–2008 for the surface and 1994–2008 for deep-water, and following changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The surface pH in winter decreases at a rate of 0.0024 yr−1, which is 50% faster than average yearly rates at two subtropical time series stations, BATS and ESTOC. In the deep-wat

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Niiler, Pearn P., Steve Piacsek, Lucas Neuberg, and Alex Warn-Varnas. "Sea surface temperature variability of the Iceland-Faeroe front." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 97, no. C11 (1992): 17777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jc01341.

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EIDE, LINDA KAREN, IDA KARIN BEYER, and EYSTEIN JANSEN. "Comparison of Quaternary interglacial periods in the Iceland Sea." Journal of Quaternary Science 11, no. 2 (1996): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1417(199603/04)11:2<115::aid-jqs233>3.0.co;2-s.

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