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Journal articles on the topic 'Icelandair'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ásdísardóttir, Regína, and Runólfur Smári Steinþórsson. "Gefa viðbrögð við eldgosi innsýn í krísustjórnun: Dæmi frá Icelandair." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2013): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2013.9.1.11.

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2

Lund, Katrín Anna, Kristín Loftsdóttir, and Michael Leonard. "More than a stopover: Analysing the postcolonial image of Iceland as a gateway destination." Tourist Studies 17, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797616659951.

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Tourism to Iceland has and continues to benefit from its geographic position as a stopover between the North American and Eurasian continents and as an extension of the exoticised Arctic North. In that context, we argue that Iceland as a destination functions as a gateway, which should be used as a way of recognising the wider network responsible for the multiple interpretations of destination image. Accordingly, this article argues that despite the relationality of Iceland’s destination image, it has been represented as a tourism gateway by those with power to do so, producing a destination between centre and periphery as a gateway to an exoticised and commodified elsewhere. A recent advertising campaign from Iceland’s leading airline, Icelandair, was semiologically analysed as an example of travel representations that inform and shape destination image. A postcolonial lens was applied recognising that these representations are produced within a dichotomy of centre–periphery that has implications to Iceland’s present image as a travel destination.

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3

Jakubczyk, Radosław. "Guðbrandur Vigfússon as an editor of Old Norse-Icelandic literature." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2016-0046.

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Abstract Guðbrandur Vigfússon, an Icelander born in Galtardalur, Dalasýsla, was without doubt one of the most influential scholars of Old Norse studies of his day. His diplomatic edition of Flateyjarbók, his critical edition of Sturlunga saga, and his anthology An Icelandic Prose Reader are still of use to those without access to the relevant manuscripts. In this essay, I would like to survey his career (in Copenhagen and Oxford) as an editor of Old Norse-Icelandic texts and the legacy that he has left to his successors in the field of Old Norse studies.

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4

Gilbert, Anthony J. "The Icelander abroad: The concept of social and national identity in some icelandic � �ttir." Neophilologus 75, no. 3 (July 1991): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00406706.

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5

Gíslason, Jónas. "Acceptance of Christianity in Iceland in the year 1000 (999)." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 13 (January 1, 1990): 223–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67178.

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No Christian mission was pursued among the Norse in Iceland before the latter part of the tenth century, and the ruling body of the Church took no part in this work. In the beginning, missionary activity was the private initiative of an Icelander, and the concluding chapter was supported by the Norwegian crown. Christian influence increased steadily then during this heathen period. The greatest hindrance to the propagation of Christianity among the Icelandic chieftains during the tenth century was undoubtedly the fact that Christians were denied seats in the legislative assembly; therefore it was not easy for the sons of the chieftains to be converted. Although pagans enjoyed a majority at the Althing in the year 1000, the Christians had increased their numbers. There was great danger of war in the land if agreement were not reached at the assembly. The choice consequently was either to reach an agreement or have a civil war, which would have led to the abrogation of the legal political and power structure. Older and peaceable chieftains wanted above all to protect the peace and they consequently accepted baptism and professed Christianity. This indicates that Christianity has had a great influence on Icelandic national life. The Christian conversion at the Althing in the year 1000 was, thus, both a religious and a political decision.

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Ólafsdóttir, Marta, Athur Löve, Jón Gunnlaugur Jónasson, and Einar Stefán Björnsson. "Lifrarbólguveira E: Umræða um tvö íslensk tilfelli." Læknablaðið 106, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2020.11.606.

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Hepatitis E is a viral disease that is usually transmitted through contaminated drinking water and most often causes a self-limiting infection that does not require specific treatment. It is common in India and has caused outbreaks in Asia, Africa and Mexico but has very rarely been diagnosed in Iceland. We describe two cases of hepatitis E diagnosed in Iceland in the last year.

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7

Bakker, Peter. "A Basque Nautical Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.1.02bak.

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The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there are also some words from other languages, of which English is the most prominent. It is suggested that the knowledge of an English Nautical Pidgin played a role in the formation of this pidgin. Third, in the current debate on the origin of fu and similar markers as complementizers, many claims have been made. In this Basque Pidgin, twelve of the fifteen sentences contain the lexical item for in diverse functions. The use of for in the pidgin is compared with similar lexical items in four other pidgins. It is argued that there was some transmission of the use of for in these pidgins to the for in creoles.

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8

Dehé, Nicole. "The Intonation of Polar Questions in North American (“Heritage”) Icelandic." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 30, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 213–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542717000125.

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Using map task data, this paper investigates the intonation of polar questions in North American (heritage) Icelandic, and compares it to the intonation of polar questions in Icelandic as spoken in Iceland and in North American English as spoken in Manitoba, Canada. The results show that intonational features typical of Icelandic polar questions are present to a considerable extent in heritage Icelandic. Furthermore, intonational features typical of North American English polar questions can frequently be observed in heritage Icelandic, too. In addition, there is a tendency for intonational features typical of Icelandic polar questions to show up in North American English polar questions produced by speakers of heritage Icelandic more often than in North American English polar questions produced by speakers without Icelandic heritage. Focusing on intonation, the present study adds to the evidence for (bidirectional) prosodic interference between a heritage language (here moribund Icelandic) and the dominant language (here North American English).*

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9

Schneidereit, Andrea, Richard Blender, Klaus Fraedrich, and Frank Lunkeit. "Icelandic climate and North Atlantic cyclones in ERA-40 reanalyses." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0187.

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10

Sigurjónsdóttir, Sigríður, and Iris Nowenstein. "Language acquisition in the digital age: L2 English input effects on children’s L1 Icelandic." Second Language Research 37, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 697–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02676583211005505.

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This article reviews prominent research on non-English-speaking children’s extramural acquisition of English through digital media, and examines the understudied scenario of possible effects of such second language (L2) English input on domestically dominant but globally small first languages (L1s), with Icelandic as the test case. We outline the main results of the children’s part of the Modeling the Linguistic Consequences of Digital Language Contact (MoLiCoDiLaCo) research project, which targeted 724 3–12-year-old Icelandic-speaking children. The focus is on English input and its relationship to the children’s Icelandic/English vocabulary and Icelandic grammar. Although a causal relationship between digital English and reduced/incompletely acquired Icelandic is often assumed in public discourse, our results do not show large-scale effects of L2 digital English on L1 Icelandic. English still seems to be a relatively small part of Icelandic children’s language environment, and although we find some indications of contact induced/reinforced language change, i.e. in the standard use of the subjunctive, as well as reduced MLU/NDW (mean length of utterance/number of different words) in the Icelandic language samples, we do not find pervasive effects of L2 English on L1 Icelandic. On the other hand, the results show contextual L2 learning of English by Icelandic-speaking children through mostly receptive digital input. Thus, the results imply that English digital language input contributes mainly to L2 English skills without adversely affecting L1 Icelandic.

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11

Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira, João. "Icelandic Chronicle." Acta Scientific Agriculture 3, no. 9 (August 6, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asag.2019.03.0599.

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12

Raab, Zara. "Icelandic Cousins." Wallace Stevens Journal 38, no. 1 (2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsj.2014.0009.

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13

Eysteinsson, Astraeur. "Icelandic Resettlements." symploke 5, no. 1 (1997): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sym.2005.0056.

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14

Halaas, Kristin. "Icelandic photography." History of Photography 27, no. 1 (March 2003): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2003.10443217.

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15

Arnason, Johann P. "Icelandic Anomalies." Thesis Eleven 77, no. 1 (May 2004): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513604044233.

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16

Andersen, Bogi, and Tomas Zoega. "Icelandic genetics." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 6 (June 1999): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/9777.

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17

Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur. "Old Icelandic." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 26 (August 1, 1995): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.26.01rog.

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18

Mathiesen, Arna. "Icelandic Initiatives." Architectural Design 82, no. 4 (July 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1436.

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19

Hafsteinsson. "“Icelandic Putridity”: Colonial Thought and Icelandic Architectural Heritage." Scandinavian Studies 91, no. 1-2 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/scanstud.91.1-2.0053.

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20

Savage, Maxine. "A Queer and Foreign State." lambda nordica 25, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2021): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34041/ln.v25.707.

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Since the year 2000, twenty Icelandic films have been produced which could be aptly grouped as LGBTQ+ or queer Icelandic cinema. This “queer turn” in Icelandic cinema emerges as the nation makes strides in advancing LGBTQ+ rights and as its demographics markedly shift, first-generation immigrants now comprising 12.6 per cent of the population. These changes have not occurred in a vacuum, and the films discussed in this article complicate the boundary between native and foreign, Icelandic and non-Icelandic, alongside their centering of queer characters and stories. In addition to narrative focus on coming-out and sexuality, many of the films within “Icelandic queer cinema” thematize race and ethnicity, often through the inclusion of foreign characters living and traveling in Iceland.This collection of films is thus well suited to exploring the interlocking national and sexual regulations which produce the Icelandic nation state. This article explores conceptions of the Icelandic nation state in two films that span Icelandic cinema’s “queer turn,” Baltasar Kormákur’s 101 Reykjavík (2000) and Ísold Uggadóttir’s Andið eðlilega (And Breathe Normally, 2018). In tracing representations of racialized otherness within these films and taking theoretical cues from critical race theory and queer of color critique, this article considers the ways in which race and ethnicity co-constitute categories of sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Ultimately, this article poses “Icelandic queer cinema” as a key site for the contemporary negotiation of the meaning of national and sexual belonging in Iceland.

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21

Norðfjörð, Björn Ægir. "Ljós í myrkri: Saga kvikmyndunar á Íslandi." Íslenskar kvikmyndir 19, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ritid.19.2.2.

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This essay offers a succinct but comprehensive overview of Icelandic cinema from its early 20th-century emergence to the present day. Split into two parts, the first half focusses on filmmaking in Iceland prior to the founding of the Icelandic Film Fund in 1978, which was to establish a continuous local film production for the first time. Prior to that filmmaking in Iceland boiled down to the occasional efforts of local amateurs, albeit often quite skilled ones, and professional filmmakers visiting from abroad. Indeed, the few silent feature films made in the country all stemmed from foreign filmmakers adapting Icelandic literature and taking advantage of its photogenic landscapes. The first Icelandic feature was not made until 1948 and although immensely popular, like those that followed in its wake, the national audience was simply too small to sustain filmmaking without financial support. Although this changed fundamentally with the Icelandic Film Fund, which instigated contemporary Icelandic cinema and the subject of the essay’s second half, the Fund’s support proved insufficient as the novelty of Icelandic cinema began to wear off at the local box office in the late 1980s. The rescue came from outside sources, in the form of nordic and European film funds, whose support was to transnationalize Icelandic cinema in terms of not only financing and production but also themes and subject material. These changes are most apparent in Icelandic cinema of the 1990s which also began to garner interest at the international film festival circuit. In the first decade of the twenty first century, however, American genre cinema began to replace the European art film as the typical model for Icelandic filmmakers. Hollywood itself also began to show extensive interest in Icelandic landscapes for its runaway productions, as did many other foreign film crews. In this way Icelandic cinema is increasingly characterized by not only national and transnational elements but also international ones.

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22

Ragnarsdóttir, Hrafnhildur. "The adaptation of MAIN to Icelandic." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.564.

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Immigration in Iceland has a short history and so does the Icelandic language as an L2. This paper gives a brief introductory overview of this history and of some characteristics of the Icelandic language that constitute a challenge for L2 learners but also make it an interesting testing ground for cross-linguistic comparisons of L1 and L2 language acquisition. It then describes the adaptation process of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Icelandic. The Icelandic MAIN is expected to fill a gap in available assessment tools for multilingual Icelandic speaking children.

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23

Árnason, Vilhjálmur. "Icelandic politics in light of normative models of democracy." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.1.2.

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Icelandic politics are analysed from the perspectives of three normative models of democracy: the liberal, republican and deliberative democratic theories. While the Icelandic constitution is rooted in classical liberal ideas, Icelandic politics can be harshly criticized from a liberal perspective, primarily because of the unclear separation of powers of government and for the extensive involvement of politics in other social sectors. Despite strong nationalist discourse which reflects republican characteristics, rooted in the struggle for independence from Denmark, republicanism has been marginal in Icelandic politics. In the years before the financial collapse, Icelandic society underwent a process of liberalization in which power shifted to the financial sector without disentangling the close ties that had prevailed between business and politics. The special commission set up by the Icelandic Parliament to investigate the causes of the financial collapse criticized Icelandic politics and governance for its flawed working practices and lack of professionalism. The appropriate lessons to draw from this criticism are to strengthen democratic practices and institutions. In the spirit of republicanism, however, the dominant discourse about Icelandic democracy after the financial collapse has been on increasing direct, vote-centric participation in opposition to the system of formal politics. While this development is understandable in light of the loss of trust in political institutions in the wake of the financial collapse, it has not contributed to trustworthy practices. In order to improve Icelandic politics, the analysis in this paper shows, it is important to work more in the spirit of deliberative democratic theory.

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24

Frímann Jökulsdóttir, Tinna, Anton Karl Ingason, Sigríður Sigurjónsdóttir, and Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson. "Um nýyrði sem tengjast tölvum og tækni." Orð og tunga 21 (August 15, 2019): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.21.6.

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English is increasingly influencing the Icelandic language community, raising concerns about the state and prospects of the Icelandic language. Recent studies indicate that such concerns are probably justified. The viability of the language depends on it being used in all areas of daily communication and the attitudes of speakers toward the contact between Icelandic and English is important in this respect. This paper describes the results of a recent study of the attitudes of about 350 Icelandic speakers toward neologisms and their use of a few technology-related neologisms. The paper discusses possible reasons for why some neologisms are received more positively than others and the relationship between neologisms and language viability in the context of Icelandic. The general discussion is then related to the findings of the study which indicate that there is a general consensus among all age groups that Icelandic neologisms should be created and adopted instead of foreign loanwords, although the proportion of such responses is lower in the younger age groups. Icelandic neologisms were viewed more favorably than loanwords in most cases but it is nevertheless clear that not all neologisms are equally well received. We consider some possible explanations for such differences.

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25

Baldvinsdóttir, Guðrún, and Sólveig Ásta Sigurðardóttir. "Sannar íslenskar sögur?" Lög og bókmenntir 18, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ritid.18.1.7.

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This article offers a discussion of two contemporary Icelandic literary works, Woman at 1000 Degreesby Hallgrímur Helgason and The Outlaw by Jón Gnarr, both of which have been subject to discussion and critique regarding the authors’ use of real life individuals and events. The reception of these texts is read against the framework of Icelandic laws regarding freedom of expression and rights to privacy. Two Icelandic legal cases, regarding a literary text and cinematic production, serve as case studies for the Icelandic framework.

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26

Arnadottir, Arndis S. "Art and libraries in Iceland." Art Libraries Journal 12, no. 2 (1987): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005149.

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Iceland’s cultural heritage dates back to the Vikings. While crafts have always been important to the Icelandic way of life, the country has become much more art and design conscious with the development of educational and cultural institutions in the last hundred years. The National Library receives copies of all Icelandic publications and publishes the Icelandic national bibliography (which includes art but omits some exhibition catalogues); in addition the Library of the National Gallery collects all published literature on Icelandic art. There is a major art collection in the University Library and a specialist art library at the Icelandic College of Arts and Crafts. The Nordic House at Reykjavίk accommodates an artotek. Because of its isolation, Iceland is unusually dependent on libraries for knowledge of world art, and much work remains to be done on the bibliography of Icelandic art. However, art librarianship has made substantial progress since the 1970s, and training in art librarianship is available.

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27

Arnbjörnsdóttir, Birna, Höskuldur Thráinsson, and Iris Edda Nowenstein. "V2 and V3 Orders in North-American Icelandic." Journal of Language Contact 11, no. 3 (October 18, 2018): 379–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01103002.

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The finite verb typically occurs in second position in main clauses in Germanic languages other than English. Hence they are often referred to as ʽverb-second languagesʼ or V2-languages for short. The difference between a V2-language and a non-V2 language is shown in (i)–(ii) with Icelandic examples and English glosses (the finite verb is highlighted): In example (i) the finite verb occurs in second position in Icelandic, immediately following the subject María in Icelandic but in the English gloss it occurs in third position, following the adverb never. In (ii) the finite verb immediately follows the fronted (topicalized) object Maríu in Icelandic but in the English gloss the finite verb again occurs in third position, this time following the subject. This article discusses the influence of intense language contact (English/Icelandic) on the two V2-order types in North American Icelandic (NAmIce), a heritage language spoken in former Icelandic conclaves in North America. We show that the subject-first V2-order is more robust in NAmIce than the topic-first V2-order and less vulnerable to English influence, although both types are affected to some extent. This is interesting for two reasons. First, it has been argued that word order is typically less prone to cross-linguistic influence than for instance morphology. Second, these results suggest that, contrary to common assumption, the two types of V2-orders discussed here may have different syntactic sources in Icelandic syntax.

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Óskarsson, Veturliði G. "Loanwords with the prefix be-in Modern Icelandic: An example of halted borrowing." Orð og tunga 17 (June 1, 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.17.2.

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Words with the German prefix be- entered Icelandic from the fifteenth to twentieth centuries, mostly from Danish. Nearly 300 words are listed in the Icelandic University Dictionary in Reykjavík. However, almost none of these words are usable in Icelandic today, and the disappearance of these words from the language therefore makes an interesting example of a halted borrowing process. The number of new words belonging to this group entering Icelandic fell drastically in the nineteenth century, and words first attested in twentieth-century texts are almost all from historical novels and sailor language. A few words are native Icelandic neologisms, which suggests that even if the prefix never acquired the role of a model for domestic word formation in Icelandic, it may at least have had the possibility to take on such a role. Words of this type have been criticized by Icelandic language purists and it has been regarded as fact that they were rather frequent in the language of previous centuries. An investigation of a corpus of 1,640 nineteenth-century private letters does, however, not suggest that such words were usual in the language of common people at the time, and neither does a brief comparison with another corpus of nearly 4.5 million pages from 810 magazines and periodicals.

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Barysheva, Ekaterina A. "The National and University Library of Iceland 200th Anniversary." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 68, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-2-167-178.

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The National and University Library of Iceland (Landsbókasafn Íslands — Háskólabókasafn) celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2018. The purpose of the review is to acquaint Russian library specialists with the history of this institution and to show its role in the preservation and promotion of the national cultural heritage. The author considers the main stages of development of the National and University Library of Iceland (NULI): from the establishment of the Icelandic Provincial Library in Reykjavík in 1818 (in 1881 it was renamed to the National Library of Iceland) to its merger with the University Library in 1994. The main sources of the study are the articles of foreign, primarily Icelandic, researchers on the activities, holdings and electronic collections of NULI, published in the late 1990s — 2010s. The author notes the contribution of Jón Árnason (1819—1898), the famous Icelandic researcher-folklorist and the first national librarian, who headed the library for about 40 years, in the development of the institution’s structure and stocks. The paper characterizes the modern organizational and management structure of NULI, composition of collections (including the Manuscript Department and the Icelandic Department), the system of library and bibliographic services. The author emphasizes the role of the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies in Reykjavík as the main repository and centre for the study of Icelandic manuscripts. The institute conducts the intensive work on search for medieval Icelandic documents in the libraries and archives of other states and the digital reconstruction of scattered collections. The article reveals the work of NULI on opening of its holdings and creation of digital collections (“Collection of historical maps of Iceland”, “Digital library of medieval Icelandic manuscripts”, “Digital library of Icelandic Newspapers and magazines”, “Collection of old books of Iceland”, etc.). The author draws particular attention to the activities of the Consortium of Icelandic Libraries led by NULI to create a Unified Information and Library Space for the country and concludes on the significant contribution of NULI to the promotion and popularization of the national cultural heritage of the Northern state.

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Möller, Alda Bryndís. "Íslenskukennsla í Bessastaðaskóla 1806–1846 og á fyrstu árum Reykjavíkurskóla." Orð og tunga 19 (June 1, 2017): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.19.2.

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The school at Bessastaðir in Iceland (1805‒1846) prepared students for the clergy and further studies at the University of Copenhagen. Despite its emphasis on classical languages and theological studies it is considered to have had considerable influence on the development of the Icelandic language and language norms in the 19th century. The article discusses the status of the Icelandic language in the school curriculum but it also highlights the multi-disciplinary nature of language instruction through translations from Greek and Latin under the supervision of renowned experts in Old Icelandic who also were keen supporters of Icelandic language vocabulary development. Many able students built on this experience to pioneer the development of Modern Icelandic.Icelandic lessons in the Bessastaðir School timetable consisted of translations from Latin and Danish with less emphasis on literature; some attention was paid to grammar while orthography varied. The school was cramped and the building not fi t for purpose. This state of affairs prevailed until the school moved to Reykjavik in 1846, which opened up great possibilities. Finally, teaching of modern languages, including Icelandic, could be developed in the curriculum.Timetables in the Reykjavik Grammar School show increased emphasis on the subject Icelandic, both in number of hours and variety of content. Teaching of the subject was prescribed by official regulations and included Icelandic grammar as well as modern and medieval literature. Standardised orthography was developed and firmly established in the early years of the school by rules that were largely based on Old Icelandic. These rules are still mostly applicable in modern day Icelandic texts. The article describes these developments in the first few years of the Reykjavik Grammar School, largely based on the school ̓s archives and significant essay mate-rial from students at the time.

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Ingimundarson, Valur. "Immunizing against the American Other: Racism, Nationalism, and Gender in U.S.-Icelandic Military Relations during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 6, no. 4 (October 2004): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1520397042350892.

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The 1951 U.S. -Icelandic Defense Agreement paved the way for a permanent U.S. military presence at the Keflavik base in Iceland, an outpost that played a crucial role in U.S. strategy during the Cold War. The article explores two gender-related aspects of the U.S. -Icelandic Cold War relationship:the restrictions on off-base movements of U.S. soldiers, and the secret ban imposed by the Icelandic government on the stationing of black U.S. troops in Iceland. These practices were meant to “protect” Icelandic women and to preserve a homogeneous “national body.” Although U.S. officials repeatedly tried to have the restrictions lifted, the Icelandic government refused to modify them until the racial ban was publicly disclosed in late 1959. Even after the practice came to light, it took another several years before the ban was gradually eliminated. Misguided though the Icelandic restrictions may have been, they did, paradoxically, help to defuse domestic opposition to Iceland's pro-American foreign policy course and thus preserved the country's role in the Western alliance.

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32

Sigtryggsson, Jóhannes B. "Samræmdur úrvalsritháttur fornbóka: – réttritun Jóns Þorkelssonar." Orð og tunga 19 (June 1, 2017): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.19.6.

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Icelandic orthography was in flux at the beginning of the 19th century but scholars like Rasmus Kr. Rask and later Konráð Gíslason and Halldór Kr. Friðriksson put forth orthographical rules, either based on etymological principles or on the modern pronunciation of Icelandic. Aft er fierce debates the former school won in the second part of the 19th century. This article describes the orthography of a 19th-century Icelandic scholar, Jón Þorkelsson (1822–1904). He was the rector of the only college in Iceland, Lærði skólinn (Reykjavik Grammar School) and a respected Nordic scholar and lexicologist. In this paper I investigate Jón Þorkelsson’s spelling in his various writings in the later part of the 19th century, esp. æ/œ, -r/-ur and the simplification in spelling of long consonant before other consonants, and make a case that his spelling was neither based on etymological nor pronunciation principles, but rather on the spelling of the best Old Icelandic manuscripts. This shows how important Icelandic medieval manuscripts were in the standardization of Modern Icelandic spelling in the 19th century.

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Holmberg, Anders. "Icelandic Word Order and Binary Branching." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 1985): 161–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001323.

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Certain word order facts in Icelandic have been claimed, by several linguists, to provide evidence that Icelandic has no VP constituent (in s-structure) in sentences where the main verb is finite. If correct, this entails that Icelandic phrase structure is not always binary branching, contradicting the hypothesis that all phrase structure is binary branching. It is shown to be incorrect. A new theory of Icelandic sentence structure is presented, based on Platzack (in press), but strictly observing binary branching. The theory presented is shown to be empirically more adequate than the less constrainedĀ-nary branching theories.

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Gisli Siguresson. "Medieval Icelandic Studies." Oral Tradition 18, no. 2 (2004): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ort.2004.0057.

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Blažek, Václav. "Old Icelandic "Gná"." Acta Linguistica Lithuanica, no. 80 (2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35321/all80-01.

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Przesmycka, Natalia. "Icelandic vernacular architecture." Budownictwo i Architektura 14, no. 3 (September 8, 2015): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1634.

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The article presents the historical determinants and contemporary issues related to the cultural heritage of Iceland - vernacular architecture. This architecture is the result of human activity and very specific conditions of raw environment. The settlement of Iceland historically developed in difficult natural conditions, where the real potential (geothermal energy of the earth) are discovered only in recent years. A small amount of building materials and isolation from other centers of civilization caused that the Icelandic construction has been slightly changed over nearly a thousand years.

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Foulger, G. R., Z. Du, and B. R. Julian. "Icelandic-type crust." Geophysical Journal International 155, no. 2 (November 2003): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.02056.x.

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Friðriksson, Guðjón. "Icelandic Press Photographs." History of Photography 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1999.10443796.

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Crowe, Martha J. "Cataloging Icelandic Materials." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 17, no. 1-2 (December 14, 1993): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v17n01_03.

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Sigurjónsson, Njörður. "Icelandic Cultural Policy." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2013.9.2.10.

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Andersen, B. "Icelandic Health Records." Science 282, no. 5396 (December 11, 1998): 1991e—1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5396.1991e.

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Herbertsson, Tryggvi Thor. "Icelandic pension system." Pensions: An International Journal 11, no. 4 (August 2006): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940027.

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Thompson, R., and G. M. Turner. "Icelandic Holocene palaeolimnomagnetism." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 38, no. 4 (May 1985): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90072-x.

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Frolova, Elena. "Icelandic Healthcare System." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2006-10.

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Today the whole world continues to look at the surrounding reality through the prism of the coronavirus. A few months ago, in our relatively prosperous life without quarantine, the world-famous Bloomberg agency compiled another rating of countries according to the health index, on top of which were Spain and Italy. When compiling this rating, the average life expectancy of the population, the level of economic development, geographical location, prevalence of bad habits, the availability of clean drinking water, etc. were taken into account. The combination of these indicators provides data for the formation of a health index, which in Spain amounted to 92.8, and in Italy - 91.6. It is believed that the main factor contributing to the high health index in these countries is the favorable climate and the ability to keep to the Mediterranean diet, which is based on olive oil, seafood and a large amount of fruits and vegetables. However, as the tragic reality shows, countries with the best organization of the healthcare system in the world were not able to withstand the epidemic. What is the situation in the country that is the third of the top three in the ranking compiled by Bloomberg - Iceland? There is neither a favourable climate, nor olive oil, nor fresh shrimps, and the average temperature in the summer months there is +10°C. Nevertheless, in terms of life expectancy, this country left behind all the Scandinavian countries and came close to Singapore and Japan. And if we talk about the prevalence of coronavirus, then as of early April, as a result of testing of 4.7% of the population 1364 cases were found in the country, and the number of deaths was only 4. A mass examination of citizens, notably free of charge for everyone, immediate tracking of the routes of infection and isolation of the ill allowed the Icelandic authorities to take control of the situation from the very beginning of the epidemic, even without the introduction of strict restrictive measures [1].

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Ribić, Romana. "Contemporary music of Iceland in the post-romantic period: Jôrunn Viđar (Jôrunn Vidar, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1918-)." New Sound, no. 46 (2015): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1546141r.

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This paper presents a brief overview of the development of Icelandic music through historical and artistic circumstances. We shall also point to the specific social attitude towards the female population and we shall deal with the few Icelandic women composers. Among them Jorunn Vidar particularly stands out, as a pianist, accompanist and music teacher. For over two decades, she was the only woman composer to be a member of the Society of Icelandic Composers. She wrote the music for the first Icelandic ballet suite and the first Icelandic film ever, arranging the old narrative songs called the 'thulur' as a pioneer. Her oeuvre includes a piano concerto, music for theater and film, chamber and choral music and solo songs. She was awarded the Order of the Falcon for accomplishments in music by the president of Iceland.

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Björnsson, Höskuldur, and Thorsteinn Sigurdsson. "Assessment of golden redfish (Sebastes marinus L) in Icelandic waters." Scientia Marina 67, S1 (April 30, 2003): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67s1301.

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Kristmannsson, Gauti. "Iceland’s “Egg of Life” and the Modern Media." Meta 49, no. 1 (September 13, 2004): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009020ar.

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Abstract This paper provides an overview of Icelandic language politics in the face of the challenges brought on by the modern media in a small country. It starts with a short glance at the beginnings of Icelandic linguistic politics in the nineteenth century to reveal the basic ideological premises and show how they have been maintained in national discourse on the Icelandic language and the media. It then examines how the Icelandic national consensus on linguistic purism has been shaken by technological and political developments, in short the advancing globalisation of the media. These developments are reflected in the practices of media translation and changing attitudes towards translation.

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Strauch, Dieter. "Strauch, Dieter, Konrad Maurer als Förderer isländischer Unabhängigkeit." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0015.

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Abstract Konrad Maurer as a Backer of Icelandic Independence. Konrad Maurer, who was encouraged to study the ancient nordic sources as a student, became soon involved in Iceland's struggle for independence when he was in Denmark to prepare a journey for the purpose of studying the conditions of Icelandic living. His bonds of friendship to Jón Sigurđsson and other learned men and his journey to Iceland in 1858 opened his understanding of Icelandic political problems. In his several writings he fought for the freedom of Iceland with historical arguments. His productions – especially the book "Iceland" (1874) – made him wellknown to the Icelanders and sustained the Icelandic struggle well.

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Middel, Kim. "Íslenzkt þjóðerni: Jón Jónsson Aðils’ Iceland and the road to the future." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 48, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2018-0013.

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Abstract In the early twentieth century, historiography was used to further the cause of independence by profiling Iceland as a fully-fledged nation. The Icelandic historian Jón Jónsson Aðils was the man who would shape Iceland’s history, and the nation with it, in his work Icelandic Nationhood. His achievement was not self-evident; Iceland was part of the Danish realm and glorifying the past met with restrictions. This paper aims to illustrate how in this setting Aðils succeeded in constructing the Icelandic nation with the aid of existing Danish nationalist thought. I propose that using ideas of the famous Danish nationalist N.F.S. Grundtvig enabled Aðils to construct an Icelandic ’Golden Age’ specifically focused on culture and freedom that held future prospects. Finally, I will discuss the consequence of this focus as a decisive factor in the development of Icelandic self-awareness, aiming to contribute to the larger debate on the creation of national identities.

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Axelsson, Jóhann, Jón G. Stefánsson, Andrés Magnússon, Helgi Sigvaldason, and Mikael M. Karlsson. "Seasonal Affective Disorders: Relevance of Icelandic and Icelandic-Canadian Evidence to Etiologic Hypotheses." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 2 (March 2002): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700205.

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Objective: This study tests the suggestion of earlier studies concerning the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of win ter seasonal affective disorders (SADs) and sub syndromal win ter SAD (S- SAD). Method: Two study populations of Winnipeg, Manitoba residents were canvassed: 250 adults of wholly Icelandic de scent and 1000 adults of non-Icelandic de scent. We distributed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire by mail to these 2 populations, yielding 204 and 449 valid responses, respectively. Results: Rates of SAD and S- SAD proved markedly lower in the Icelandic population than those in the non-Icelandic population. Conclusions: These differences seem unexplained by differences in ambient light or climate, thus indicating that genetic factors contribute to the expression of SADs. Compared with earlier findings from a group of adults of wholly Icelandic de scent living in nearby rural Manitoba, the etiologic importance of as-yet-undetermined environmental factors unrelated to latitude or ambient light is also indicated.

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