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Strömberg, Martin, and Viktor Pettersson. "Betydelsen och användningen av Klassifikationen av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa (ICF) inom arbetsterapi : en systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro University, Academy of Health Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2259.
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Den här uppsatsen var en genomgång av litteratur som publicerats mellan 2005 till mars 2008 rörande ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) i förhållande till arbetsterapi. ICF är en klassifikation som anses vara användbar inom rehabilitering och arbetsterapi. Syftet med studien var att redogöra för den senaste vetenskapliga litteraturens beskrivningar om betydelsen och användningen av ICF inom arbetsterapi. Frågeställningarna var inriktade mot hur ICF använts inom olika områden, vilka faktorer som påverkar användningen, vilka metoder som kan utnyttjas för att öka användning samt kritik och utvecklingsmöjligheter för ICF. En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes med sökningar i olika databaser och 13 artiklar inkluderas efter urvalsprocessen. Artiklarna analyserades först utifrån frågeställningarna med hjälp av en mall. Under de teman som togs fram utifrån frågeställningarna identifierades ett antal skiljda kategorier där vissa teman innehöll flera kategorier och vissa teman endast en kategori. ICF kan användas i arbetsterapeutisk forskning och praxis i många olika syften bl.a. för identifiering av olika faktorer som t ex hinder eller funktionsproblem. Låg kunskapsnivå, otillräckliga resurser och ont om tid bidrog till att ICF inte används. Effektivare utbildningsmetoder och lättillgänglig information skulle således bidra till ökad användning. Ur arbetsterapeutisk synvinkel gavs både positiv och negativ kritik och till följd av detta anser många att ICF behövde utvecklas för att bättre passa arbetsterapi. Större delen av resultatet bekräftade de fynd som tidigare forskning presenterat. Slutsatsen var att mer information och utbildning var det första steget för att på sikt öka användandet av ICF i arbetsterapi.
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Louw, Brenda, Jamesa Ewing, R. Foreman, and A. Zickovich. "Speech-language Pathologists’ Assessment Practices with Children Who Have Cleft Lip and Palate Within the ICF-CY (Who, 2007) Framework." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2138.
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Coenen, Michaela. "Developing a method to validate the WHO ICF Core Sets from the patient perspective." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-80381.
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Wagner, Emily, Kaitlyn Turney, Victoria Daley, and A. Lynn Williams. "Survey of SLPs’ Assessment Practices with Children Who Have SSD Within an ICF Framework." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2040.
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ASHA endorsed the WHO ICF framework in the Scope of Practice in SLP in describing the breadth of the SLP role in the management of communication disorders. Survey results of SLPs will be presented with regard to the inclusion of the ICF framework in working with children with SSD.
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Graham, Mary B., Jackie Palmer, and Brenda Louw. "Academic Preparation in Cleft Palate for Speech-Language Pathologists: Is the ICF-CY (Who, 2007) Alive and Well?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2134.
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The purpose of this project is to determine inclusion of the ICF-CY in CLP training curricula for SLPs. Survey research was conducted with course instructors across the nation. Results describe the application of the ICF-CY in CLP courses at the graduate level. Recommendations for including the ICF-CY framework are made.
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Graham, Mary Briggs, Jackie Palmer, and Brenda Louw. "Academic Preparation in Cleft Palate for Speech-Language Pathologists: Is the ICF-CY (Who, 2007) Alive and Well?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2137.
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The purpose of this project is to determine inclusion of the ICF-CY in Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) training curricula for Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). Survey research was conducted with CLP course instructors across the nation. Results describe the application of the ICF-CY in CLP courses at the graduate level. Recommendations for including the ICF-CY framework are made. Cleft Lip and Palate, one of the most prevalent birth defects in the US, affects 7,090 infants per year with an incidence of approximately 1 in 600 births (Center for Disease Control, 2006). SLPs require skills and competencies in assessing and treating CLP, however the academic and clinical preparation of SLPs regarding CLP remains a topic of concern. Training issues in CLP have been researched since the 1960’s (Vallino et al., 2008). Sharp and O’Gara (2014) suggested discussing training programs regarding the core learning outcomes for entry-level preparation in resonance disorders. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) (WHO, 2007) provides an important, holistic framework for children with CLP. The ICF-CY’s interrelated components emphasize the factors influencing the activities and participation of children with CLP. Despite research recommending incorporation of the ICF-CY into SLP training curricula, the inclusion of the ICF-CY in CLP courses has not been explored to date as far as could be determined. The current study aimed to survey CLP graduate course instructors to describe the content of curricula and to determine the extent to which the ICF-CY is being included and applied in teaching assessment and intervention of CLP. A 35-item questionnaire was constructed to obtain information regarding academic and clinical training in the area of CLP in US graduate programs. Survey questions targeted demographic information regarding the program, course, and instructor. Survey questions also examined the inclusion of the ICF-CY framework into course content regarding assessment and intervention. The survey was administered via an online academic survey tool. The survey was distributed to the department chairs of ASHA accredited SLP graduate programs to be completed by training programs’ faculty who teach the CLP (or related) course. 61 fully completed surveys were eligible 2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum Page 101 for analysis. An item-by-item analysis was performed to describe survey results. Results showed only 23% of respondents reported teaching a course exclusively related to CLP, which confirms concerns related to Vallino et al. (2008) and other researchers. The ICF-CY does not yet appear to be fully integrated into CLP coursework and in response to the question posed by the researchers, does not appear to be alive and well in US CLP curricula. A case is made for the ICF-CY framework to be incorporated into CLP curricula to provide future SLPs a holistic perspective of children with CLP and to extend their thinking about the impact of speech impairment associated with CLP. Including the ICF-CY framework in training will facilitate collaborative inter-professional care of children with CLP. Finally, the inclusion of the ICF components and their interaction into ASHA’s most recent draft of the Scope of Practice in SpeechLanguage Pathology emphasizes the necessity of ICF inclusion in course curriculum to support provision of high-quality services.
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Lane, Kari Rae. "An intervention to assist older persons adjust to hearing aids." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2555.
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Hearing loss affects millions of Americans each year, especially targeting older Americans. Elders aged 65-75 years are affected as much as 38% and those numbers rapidly rise to over 42% affected by the time a person is 75 years of age. The rise in the numbers of older persons in the United States makes hearing loss the third most common chronic illness in the US today. Of these persons approximately 30% chose to purchase hearing aids, but an astounding 47.2% of these individuals are able to adjust to the hearing aids in order to wear them daily. Ambient sounds and physical discomfort, from the presence of the device in the ear cause individuals either to never wear the devices or stop wearing them after a short time. This dissertation focused on an intervention to assist those older persons who have purchased hearing aids, but are not wearing them, in adjusting to those aids; in order to improve hearing aid satisfaction and hours of hearing aid use.
A one group pre/posttest design was implemented on a group of individuals who had previously failed to adjust to hearing aids between the ages of 65-75 years of age. The Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP) and hours of hearing aid use time were the primary outcome variables. This intervention study occurred over a four week period of time, with weekly face-to-face meetings with participants.
Findings demonstrated that the intervention was feasible to administer in a group of community dwelling older persons (aged 65-75 years). All 15 participants completed the entire intervention, meeting each of 4 times with the researcher over a four week period. 40% of volunteers later declined to participate and 48% were turned away due to the small sample size of this study. An overall increase of hearing aid use time was between 1-9 hours per day. A Wilcoxin signed rank test was performed with a result of 60 (p=<0.0001). Participants who increased their hearing aid use time >4 hours equaled 53% while 46.7% increase their hearing aid use time <4 hours. Hearing aid satisfaction as measured by the GHABP improved between 1-5 with a median of 4. The Wilcoxin signed rank test result was 22.5 with a p value of 0.0039.
These results deem the intervention not only feasible, but statistically significant in improving both hearing aid use time and hearing aid satisfaction. Future studies should be aimed at advanced statistical analysis, randomized clinical trial with larger numbers to improve power, and expanding the age criteria for study inclusion. Implications for future research are great, improving communication in older persons, but also perhaps impacting third party reimbursement of hearing aids, as well as decreasing the biopsychosocial effects hearing loss has on the population as a whole.
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Brown, Lindsey Kathleen. "Use of Child and Adolescent Self-Report Measures by School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366985991.
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Demyati, Hanan Ahmed. "Exploring the utility of the ICF-CY (international classification functioning disability and health children and youth version) framework as a clinical reasoning tool for physiotherapists who treat children with Cerebal Palsy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28747.
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Three studies were conducted to explore the utility of the WHO taxonomy of health outcomes, namely the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, Children and Youth version (ICF-CY), as a Clinical Reasoning tool for Paediatric Physiotherapists (PPTs) treating children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in Saudi Arabia. The first study was a systematic review to examine the integration of ICF knowledge into the clinical-thinking process in physiotherapy practice. All included articles utilised the ICF to identify ICF domains and apply it to the decision making process. However, only one paper examined the use of the ICF as a clinical-reasoning tool in physiotherapy practice. Contextual factors were often neglected in physiotherapist‟s decision making process. The second was a cross-sectional study that utilised a questionnaire based on psychological theory to explore the use of the ICF by PPTs in their clinical reasoning in relation to the management of children with CP. Results indicated PPTs with ICF knowledge consider environmental and personal factors in their decision-making when developing treatment plans. However, none of the cognitive constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour correlated with PPTs decision-making behaviour in the application of contextual factors. The third was a longitudinal Quasi-Experimental study that evaluated the impact of a two-day ICF-CY in-service training on PPTs‟ clinical reasoning and parental experience of the physiotherapy management of their child. The impact of training was significant on PPTs‟ knowledge of the ICF, performance and cognition including intention, attitude toward application and perceived control of the application of contextual factors. Parents were more satisfied with the treatment provided by ICF-trained group. However, there were no differences between the two groups of parents in their perceptions about the use of the ICF by PPTs. Findings from this dissertation inform the development of ICF-CY training as clinical reasoning tool for future studies to investigate ICF-CY implementation.
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Fischer, Uli [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Grill. "Der Einfluss von Gelenkkontrakturen auf die Funktionsfähigkeit und die soziale Teilhabe von älteren Menschen : Entwicklung eines Standard Sets auf Basis der Internationalen Klassifikation für Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der WHO / Uli Fischer. Betreuer: Eva Grill." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070464775/34.
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Milman, Nataliya. "Using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) to Compare Areas of ANCA-Associated Vasculitits (AAV) Measured in Clinical Trials to those Important to Patients with AAV and Clinicians who are Involved in their Care." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31827.
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Background: The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) describes health using 1424 categories from 4 components: body functions (BF), body structures (BS), activities and participation (AP) and contextual factors (environmental (EF) and personal (PF)). In this study the ICF was used to describe and compare aspects of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) measured in clinical trials and those important to clinicians and patients. Methods: Individual interviews and focus groups were used to capture the perspective of AAV patients. Clinicians’ perspective was obtained with an email-based questionnaire. Outcomes used in AAV randomized trials were extracted from results of a systematic review of literature. Identified concepts were mapped to the ICF according to previously published ICF linking rules, and the resulting lists of relevant AAV outcomes were compared descriptively. Results: Twelve individual interviews and 2 focus groups represented the patient perspective while responses from 27 clinicians yielded the clinicians’ perspective. Systematic literature review identified 67 clinical trials and 28 abstracts from which measured outcomes were extracted. All three perspectives demonstrated detailed coverage of ICF components BF and BS. In the component AP patients and clinicians identified similar ICF categories, a number of which were under-sampled by AAV trials. Contextual factors appear to be significantly more relevant to patients than clinicians and researchers. Conclusion: Patients and clinicians have different views of the relevance of various AAV outcomes, and these views differ from what is measured in clinical trials of AAV. This highlights the need for a broad and standardized approach to developing and selecting outcomes for complex medical conditions such as AAV.
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PESENTI, Pietro Mario. "Integrazione, Inclusione e Personalizzazione nella scuola. Dall’analisi teorico-pratica a 40 anni dalla Legge n.118/1971 alle prospettive per la valorizzazione delle capacità delle persone disabili. Una ricerca nella provincia di Bergamo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/28665.
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Quale è il volto dell’integrazione scolastica in Italia nella cornice del dibattito europeo sulla disabilità e nel quadro dei modelli teorico-concettuali che l’hanno storicamente spiegata? Quali sono le caratteristiche dell’integrazione nelle scuole italiane a 40 anni dalla Legge n. 118/1971, che ha sancito la piena partecipazione di tutti nel sistema educativo di istruzione e di formazione senza prevedere per gli studenti disabili percorsi separati da quelli ordinari, così come di recente è stato sottolineato dalla Convenzione Onu sui diritti delle persone con disabilità (13/12/2006)? Due ricerche quantitative condotte nella provincia di Bergamo, all’interno dello scenario tracciato dalle più recenti indagini nazionali, offrono una risposta. Grazie ai pareri di 1485 professionisti scolastici (632 insegnanti di scuole statali e 103 docenti di scuole paritarie nell’anno scolastico 2010-2011 e 750 docenti di scuole statali nell’anno scolastico 2011-2012) è possibile avere un significativo spaccato della realtà scolastica odierna. I risultati della ricerca consentono di cogliere anche alcune prospettive per la valorizzazione delle capacità delle persone disabili, che non coincidono con l’individuazione di “strumenti nuovi”, ma con modi non ancora del tutto esplorati di avvicinarsi alla sfera della disabilità e di affrontare l’integrazione scolastica delle persone disabili. A tal proposito sono state assunte l’integrazione, l’inclusione e la personalizzazione come chiavi di lettura per cogliere e capire la “via italiana” dell’integrazione scolastica. Le conclusioni sottolineano l’importanza di attuare una piena valorizzazione delle capacità delle persone disabili, nel quadro di una prospettiva di personalizzazione, in linea con quanto dice la Costituzione italiana quando parla della necessità di garantire a tutti il “pieno sviluppo della persona umana” (art. 3, comma 2). Oggi si tratta di fare differenze per fare integrazioni, perché è in gioco non solo l’integrazione dell’allievo disabile, ma anche quella di tutti.What does integration in Italian schools look like within the framework of the European debate on disability and in the light of the conceptual models aimed at explaining its historical development? What are the characteristics of integration in Italian schools 40 years after the introduction of Law No. 118/1971, which provided for the participation of every individual in the Italian education and training system rejecting the idea of a separate and different education for children with disabilities, as was recently stressed also by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (13/12/2006)? Two quantitative surveys conducted in the province of Bergamo, in the light of most recent national studies, attempt to give an answer to these questions. Thanks to the opinions of 1,485 professionals in schools (632 teachers in state schools and 103 teachers of private schools in the school year 2010-2011 and 750 teachers from state schools in the school year 2011-2012) the research provides a significant insight of the situation in schools today. The research also aims at identifying a number of ways that could contribute to promoting the capabilities of people with disabilities. These are not merely “new tools”, but rather a completely new approach to disability and to school integration of disabled people. In this regard the notions of integration, inclusion and personalised learning have been taken as key concepts to better understand the approach adopted in Italy in terms of school integration. The analysis highlights the importance of implementing a new approach that could enhance the capabilities of people with disabilities, as part of a fully personalized educational pathway, in line with the Italian Constitution that provides for the need to ensure the “full development of the human person” (Art. 3, par. 2). It is necessary to take account of individual differences to promote integration, because at stake is not only the integration of students with disabilities, but also of us all.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, and P. Hull Smith. "Who's Controlling Whom? Infant Contributions to Maternal Play Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.283.
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Because the way mothers play with their children may have significant impacts on children's social, cognitive, and linguistic development, researchers have become interested in potential predictors of maternal play. In the present study, 40 mother–infant dyads were followed from child age 5–20 months. Five-month habituation rate and 13 and 20 month temperamental difficulty were found to be predictive of maternal play quality at 20 months. The most parsimonious theoretical model was one in which habituation was mediated by temperamental difficulty in predicting mother play. Consistent with prior speculation in the literature, these data support the possibility that mothers adjust some aspects of their play behaviors to fit their children's cognitive and temperamental capabilities.
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Stein-Parbury, Jane. "Through the fog : nursing care of patients who are confused while in ICU /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs8189.pdf.
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Makou, Matthew C. "Geochemical tools and paleoclimate clues : multi-molecular and isotopic investigations of tropical marine sediments and alpine ice /." Cambridge, Mass. : Woods Hole, Mass. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1426.
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Originally issued as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006."February 2006". "Doctoral dissertation." "Department of origin: Geology and Geophysics." "Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references.
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Maele, Fostino Yankho. "Legality of the jurisdiction of the ICC over nationals of non-states parties who commit offences within the jurisdiction of the ICC on territories of non-states parties." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4556.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe coming into force of the Rome Statute on the 1st July 2002 signified the birth of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC came into existence as a permanent criminal court for the prosecution of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and Crime of Aggression. There are 121 states-parties to the Rome Statute. This means there are many states that have not ratified the Rome Statute. The ICC would ordinarily not have jurisdiction over the nationals of these states if they committed offences within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of the non-states parties. This paper intends to analyse whether the ICC has jurisdiction over nationals of non-state parties who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of non-states parties to the Rome Statute. There are situations and cases that are before the ICC involving nationals of non-state parties that committed crimes on territories of non-states parties. These cases have come before the ICC by way of United Nations Security Council (UNSC) referrals. This paper will therefore examine the legality of UNSC referrals under international law in respect of nationals of non-states parties, who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC, on territories of non-states parties.
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Tanti, Miriam Helen Maks. "Applying Slow to ICT-rich education: A vision for the ‘long now’." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14329.
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In everyday public and policy discourse, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is strongly associated with speed – with rapidly accelerating innovation in products and services, with shortening lifecycles for products and careers, and with unpredictable changes in global flows of capital, goods and risk. This study explores a different set of ideas – ideas associated with Slow – slow food, slow cities, slow design, etc. A motivation behind the study is to reframe the way we think about ICT in Education – to question the strength of the connections between ICT and ‘fast’ and to explore what Slow ideas might look like in alternative conceptions of ICT and Education. The thesis carries out this exploration by weaving together strands of philosophical and educational inquiry. It explores meanings of Slow in thinking about education, and life more broadly. It uncovers and interprets four themes: Slow as a state of mind; reconceptualising time; valuing process and the connectedness of self, people and place. It uses phenomenology to study lived experiences of Slow and of ICT, in education and beyond. The research reported in the thesis falls into three phases. In the first phase, I interviewed a range of people who are advocates of Slow – to find out more than can be found in their writings alone about what Slow means to them, and to tease out some connections in their thinking about Slow and their thinking about Education and/or ICT. (Only one of these people was formally involved in Education.) The four common themes mentioned above began to appear in my analysis of these interviews. In Phase Two, I conducted in-depth interviews with people who have recent, in-depth experience of working with ICT in Education. Analysis of these interviews was coupled with philosophical reflections on aspects of Slow to illuminate an ontology of Slow in the educational context. I designed and produced an artefact to capture what was emerging as the essence of Slow – in relation to Education. This artefact – a simple but carefully designed document – was used as a focal point and stimulus for a small group discussion: the centrepiece of Phase Three of the research. This focus group consisted of experienced educators and their reflections on the Slow ideas, my practical aims and their own professional experiences produced some further insights into the challenges of applying Slow ideas in rethinking ICT in Education.
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Werner, Albin. "Why do Women's Hockey Players Choose to Dropout from Ice Hockey? A Thematic Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45295.
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The purpose of the study was to thematically map and describe what motives and factors previous ice hockey women experienced as contributing to their dropout from ice hockey. The study involved 15 interviewees; women aged 17–42 (M = 23.3 SD = 6,8) where all participants previously played ice hockey but have now chosen to quit. In the study, interviews were conducted with all participants and the participants had been active in ice hockey between 3 and 24 years (Average = 13.3). The result was analyzed via a thematic analysis. The results show that the participants experience several different intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints as contributing reasons for terminated sports participation (i.e., negative emotions, low competence, coach's behavior, teammates' behaviors, and financial constraints). To reduce the number of dropouts from sports, federations, clubs, and districts are recommended, among other things, to work to increase coaches' knowledge of psychological and psychosocial aspects to create better and more pleasant environments in women's hockey. This together with strengthening the participants' three basic needs (competence, autonomy & relatedness). Future research in the field is recommended to focus on a broader societal perspective and how it is related to dropouts from sports.Syftet med studien var att tematiskt kartlägga och beskriva vilka motiv och faktorer tidigare ishockeykvinnor upplevde bidragande till deras avhopp från ishockey. Studien involverade 15 intervjuade; kvinnor i åldrarna 17–42 år (M = 23,3 SD = 6,8) där samtliga deltagare tidigare spelat ishockey men nu har valt att sluta. I studien genomfördes intervjuer med samtliga deltagare och deltagarna hade varit aktiva i ishockey mellan 3 och 24 år (genomsnitt = 13,3). Resultatet analyserades via en tematisk analys. Resultaten visar att deltagarna upplever flera olika intrapersonella, interpersonella och strukturella begränsningar som bidragande orsaker till avslutat idrottsdeltagande (ex. negativa känslor, låg kompetens, tränares beteende,lagkamraters beteende och ekonomiska begränsningar). För att minska antalet bortfall från idrott rekommenderas förbund, klubbar och distrikt bland annat att arbeta för att öka tränarnas kunskap om psykologiska och psykosociala aspekter för att skapa bättre och trevligare miljöer inom damhockey. Detta tillsammans med att stärka deltagarna tre grundläggande behov (kompetens, autonomi och tillhörighet). Framtida forskning inom området rekommenderas att fokusera på ett bredare samhällsperspektiv och hur det är relaterat till bortfall från idrott.
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Gustafsson, Nilsson Lisa, and Emma Norén. "Översättning av sväljtestet GUSS-ICU : För att upptäcka sväljsvårigheter hos extuberade patienter på IVA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171497.
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Bakgrund The Gugging Swallowing Screen - Intensive Care Unit (GUSS-ICU) är ett screeningtest med syfte att fånga upp indikationer på sväljsvårigheter efter långvarig intubering hos inneliggande patienter på intensivvårdsavdelningar (IVA). I dagsläget finns det inget svenskt översatt och validerat screeningtest för omvårdnadspersonalen att använda vid bedömning av sväljförmågan efter extubering på IVA. Syfte Syftet med studien var att översätta det internationella screeningtestet GUSS-ICU till svenska för användning i en svensk intensivvårdspopulation. Vidare syftade studien till att utföra en pilotstudie av den svenska versionen på extuberade patienter på IVA. Metod En framåt-bakåtöversättningsmetod användes vid översättningen av screeningtestet GUSS-ICU. Översättningsprocessen omfattade tre steg: framåtöversättning, granskning och kommentarer från en expertpanel och en bakåtöversättning. I översättningsprocessen deltog två logopedstudenter, två handledare, en expertgrupp och en översättare. Expertgruppen bestod av 10 deltagare med olika professioner inom hälso- och sjukvården. Fem inneliggande patienter från IVA planerades delta i en pilottestning av den svenska översättningsversionen. En innehållsanalys genomfördes för att kunna jämföra samtliga översättningar. Syftet med jämförelsen var att identifiera skillnader i ord och satser samt kulturella och kontextuella skillnader. Resultat Studien resulterade i en svensk översättning (GUSS-IVA) av screeningtestet GUSS-ICU. Analysen visade på skillnader i val av ord, koncept och satser mellan de olika översättningarna. Flertalet skillnader var ej betydelseskiljande utan analyserades istället som resultat av skillnader i erfarenhet, kunskap och språkbruk. Översättningsmetoden bidrog till språklig, kontextuell och kulturell anpassning av översättningen. Slutsats Den svenska versionen av GUSS-ICU stämmer bra överens med originalversionen och enbart ett fåtal skillnader observerades mellan översättningarna. Skillnaderna mellan bakåtöversättningen och originalversionen var inte betydelseskiljande, vilket tyder på att den svenska versionen mäter det den avser att mäta. Framtida studier behöver pilottesta och validera den svenska versionen av GUSS-ICU, innan testet kan implementeras i en svensk intensivvårdspopulation.Validering av screeningtest för sväljsvårigheter för användning inom svensk vårdkontext
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Schmuck, Ludger, and Veronika Vintish. "SMEs offline: why? : A multiple-case study of Swedish micro SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111569.
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The Internet is becoming a more and more influencing factor in our everyday life. It affects many of our daily tasks and it is a determining factor we built our decisions on. Especially in Sweden, retrieving information about products or services online prior to the purchase is a matter of course and emphasizes therefore its importance. A website offers a costefficient potential for smaller firms with limited resources to be visible for consumers and to compete on the larger market. However, the website adoption has been neglected amongst 41% of Swedish micro Small- and Medium sized Enterprises (SME), which raises the question why this phenomenon exists. Existing literature does not provide a solid explanation of this occurrence and this is where our study steps in. In order to answer our research question and to fill this gap, the study is designed as a qualitative multiple-case study with twelve semi-structured interviews conducted amongst the owner-managers of micro SMEs in different parts of Sweden. The study aims to fill the theoretical gap by identifying and explaining the reasons why micro SMEs in Sweden do not adopt a website. The empirical contribution is the development of managerial recommendations about how micro SMEs can overcome the barriers to adopt a website. This research was guided by a conceptual framework, including strategic, consumer and customer, communication and interaction perspectives, as well as the perspective of the perception of websites. In order to carry out a profound analysis, we decided to apply two steps. The first step of the analysis was to connect the themes itself to theory in order to explore what the collected data represents so that reasons explaining why micro SMEs do not adopt a website could be found. The second step of the analysis included the exploration of the identified reasons in order to understand why these exist. The results from this study are expressed as six reasons why the owner-managers of micro SMEs in Sweden have not adopted a website. These reasons are: a wrong perception of a website, the lack of resources and competences, precaution, being a contractor to an umbrella company, being unaware of a website’s impact on the business and having successful network and offline-communication methods. The findings leave practitioners and researchers with an idea about what reasons are leading owners of micro SMEs to neglect a website and why these reasons exist.
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Difour, Patrick. "« – wo ich also lesen, wo ich vor- mit- und nachlesen kann – ». Paul Celan lecteur d’allemand aux Écoles normales supérieures de Saint-Cloud et de la Rue d’Ulm." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040224.
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Le poète-traducteur Paul Celan compte parmi le nombre d’écrivains qui ont exercé une activité professionnelle. En s’appuyant sur des documents d’archives inédits et des témoignages d’anciens élèves, le présent travail aborde un champ de recherche quasi inexploré en se proposant de retracer et d’analyser son activité de lecteur d’allemand en relation avec son œuvre poétique. A partir d’une mise en perspective biographique, institutionnelle et sociale de la fonction assumée en 1956/57 et de nouveau entre 1959 et 1970, il se concentre sur l’enseignement de la littérature allemande et de la traduction. On y voit que, en étudiant Kafka, Büchner et d'autres auteurs, l’intérêt de Celan se porte surtout sur des questions relatives à la figure du poète, à l’individu et à la langue, et que sa méthode didactique garde une certaine distance à l’égard des pratiques universitaires. Il en va de même des exercices de thème allemand que plusieurs anciens élèves ne se rappellent pas uniquement en termes de préparation aux examens du concours, mais avant tout comme des séances de « réécriture », où l’accent était mis sur la « poésie » des textes abordés. L’« anthologie professionnelle » de Celan qui réunit plus de 150 extraits laisse supposer que cet enseignement, au-delà de l’approfondissement linguistique, révèle, entre autres, sa dimension anthropologique en engageant une réflexion critique sur les temps présents. En somme la thèse, tout en mettant à la disposition de la recherche littéraire des documents jusque-là inédits, met en évidence la portée de l’enseignement de Celan pour faire voir le poète et l’homme derrière le lecteur d’allemandThe poet and translator Paul Celan belongs to the writers who have exercised a professional activity. The present study examines his largely unknown work as a language instructor in Parisian elite universities. It presents and analyses unpublished material from Celan’s estate as well as accounts of his former students and establishes relationships with his poetry. In the light of a biographical, institutional and social contextualisation of Celan’s work in 1956/57 and, again, from 1959 to 1970, the study concentrates especially on Celan’s literature and translation teaching. This shows that his reception of Kafka, Büchner or Heine in a didactic context is strongly linked to poetologically relevant questions such as that of the poet, the individual or language and that it must not be understood as systematically subordinate to conventional academic constraints. Similarly, several “anciens élèves” recall the translation classes (“thème allemand”) as not only a preparation for the “agrégation” examination, but also as involving poetic “réécriture”. Celan’s “work anthology” for the ENS, which contains more than 150 passages, suggests that these classes were not only aimed at the consolidation of linguistic proficiency but that they became a scene of engagement with terminology relating to the natural sciences, with contemporary developments and other poetic figures, and with aesthetic and anthropological issues. Thus, the examination of hitherto unknown original material which sheds light on an important part of Celan’s intellectual biography elucidates the way in which his academic teaching was shaped by questions and motifs which refer to the poet and the person
Der Dichter und literarische Übersetzer Paul Celan zählt zu denjenigenSchriftstellern, die einem bürgerlichen Beruf nachgegangen sind. Seine in der Forschung bislang nur unzureichend bekannteTätigkeit als Deutschlektor an Pariser Elitehochschulen wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung unter Rückgriff auf bislangunveröffentlichte Nachlassmaterialien und Berichte seiner ehemaligen Studierenden aufgearbeitet, analysiert und insVerhältnis zu seinem dichterischen Werk gesetzt. Vor dem Hintergrund einer biographischen, institutionellen und sozialenEinordnung der im Jahre 1956/57 und erneut von 1959 bis 1970 ausgeübten Funktion rücken dabei vor allem der LiteraturundÜbersetzungsunterricht in den Mittelpunkt, den Celan mit den normalien-ne-s abgehalten hat. Dabei kann gezeigt werden,dass seine im didaktischen Rahmen erfolgende Auseinandersetzung mit Franz Kafka, Georg Büchner, dem deutschenVolksliedgut, Thomas Mann oder Heinrich Heine nicht zuletzt auf poetologisch relevante Fragen wie die nach dem Dichter,dem Individuum und der Sprache rekurrierte und sich dabei auch den hergebrachten akademischen Gepflogenheiten nichtbedingungslos unterordnete. Ähnliches gilt für das thème allemand, das verschiedene ancien-ne-s élèves nicht nur alsVorbereitung auf das Staatsexamen, sondern insbesondere auch als eine letztlich dichterische „réécriture“ erinnern. Celansmehr als 150 Textausschnitte umfassende Arbeitsanthologie für die ENS lässt darauf schließen, dass dieser Unterricht jenseitsder Vertiefung sprachpraktischer Fertigkeiten zu einem Ort der Auseinandersetzung nicht nur mit naturkundlichemFachvokabular, sondern auch mit Zeitkritik und Dichterfiguren sowie mit ästhetischen und anthropologischen Fragestellungenwurde. Im Zuge der Erschließung bislang unbekannter Originaldokumente, die Aufschluss über einen nicht unerheblichen Teilvon Celans intellektueller Biographie geben, wird somit insgesamt deutlich, dass seine akademische Lehre nicht zuletzt vonFragen und Motiven geprägt war, die auch auf den Dichter und den Menschen verweisen
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Tsaroucha, L. "Justice and finality in international judgments and awards : the ICJ, the WTO appellate body and ICSID." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318138/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the ‘dilemma’ between justice and finality when the validity and effect of a judgment or an award of an international tribunal are challenged, whether by means of appeal, annulment or revision. The tension between the two principles has been misconstrued as a ‘dilemma’, whereas in reality they reflect a dynamic relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of international dispute settlement. Justice is the objective of international adjudication and arbitration, encompassing legality, legitimacy and effectiveness. Finality is a principle invented to support the attainment of justice, and to protect legal certainty against endless challenges. Finality without justice undermines legitimacy of a dispute settlement system. The context for this analysis is recent and conflicting tendencies relating to ICSID annulment proceedings in international investor-State arbitration. The annulment decision in CMS v. Argentina triggered serious concerns on how ‘errors’ and ‘lacunae’ in international judgments are left untreated, at a time when the rule of law has become a prime consideration in the international sphere too. The three jurisdictions examined highlight different aspects of this issue. The ICJ is the birthplace for revision of international judgments, and the principal judicial organ of the international community. The WTO AB is the only appellate mechanism functioning in State-State disputes in the international level. Finally, ICSID is the most prolific institutional arbitration forum in public international law, and its annulment procedure forms the terrain where the relationship between justice and finality is discussed more often. The thesis offers a revised theory of interpretation of the premises of legal recourse against international judgments, in the absence of a ‘World Appellate Court’. It concludes that justice as ‘rule of law’ and as ‘right process’ calls for manifest errors to be addressed by effective legal recourse. The principle of finality can only operate in furtherance of justice, not against it.
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Kleut, Petar. "Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/76807.
Full textAbstract:
Lately, car manufacturers have been put to a big challenge to reduce the CO2 emission of their entire fleets. Norms of pollutant emissions limit the ways to achieve the desired CO2 emission goals, as some of the solutions that would lead to lower CO2 emission also lead to higher pollutant emission. Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) could be a good solution to lower the CO2 emission of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) without increasing the pollutant emission. In the present thesis different WHR strategies are analysed and the results suggested it would be interesting to further study the Brayton cycle machine.
Air Brayton Cycle (ABC) represents a way to recover a part of the heat energy of the ICE exhaust gases and transform it into mechanical energy. Recovered mechanical energy would then be returned to the crankshaft of the ICE, thereby reducing the amount of energy that has to be liberated by combustion of fuel which lowers the fuel consumption and CO2 emission.
The study of ABC started with an analysis of the ideal cycle in order to obtain the theoretical maximum of the system. The study continued with an analysis of the semi ideal cycle where all losses are taken into account only by two efficiency coefficients. This analysis showed that for the diesel engine efficiency of the ABC is very low because of the low exhaust gas temperature. For the gasoline engine the cycle could be viable when the ICE is working under steady condition and higher load. These conditions could be fulfilled when the vehicle is driven on the highway.
Detailed analysis was aimed at determining the cycle main losses. They were determined to be: pumping losses, losses caused by heat transfer and mechanical losses. Taking into account these main losses along with other direct and indirect losses it was concluded that the cycle is not viable for the types of the WHR machines that were considered in this study.
In order for the cycle to be viable some other either existing or new machine type should be tested, that would lower the main losses and offer good isentropic and mechanical efficiency for desired conditions.Últimamente los fabricantes de automóviles se han puesto el gran reto de reducir la emisión de CO2 en la totalidad de sus flotas. Las nuevas normativas para la reducción de las emisiones contaminantes limitan los medios para lograr los objetivos deseados en la emisión de CO2 porque algunas de las soluciones que llevan a la reducción en la emisión de CO2 también dan lugar a un incremento en la emisión de otros contaminantes. La recuperación de calor residual (WHR) podría ser una buena solución para reducir las emisiones de CO2 del motor de combustión interna (ICE) sin poner en peligro la emisión de contaminantes. En la presente Tesis se analizaron diferentes estrategias de WHR y se concluyó que sería interesante estudiar más a fondo la máquina de ciclo Brayton. El Ciclo Brayton de Aire (ABC) permite recuperar una parte del calor de los gases de escape del ICE y transformar este calor en energía mecánica. La energía mecánica recuperada se devuelve al cigüeñal del ICE, reduciendo de ese modo la cantidad de energía que tiene que ser liberada por la combustión del combustible, lo cual permite reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO2. En esta Tesis se estudia el ABC mediante un análisis del ciclo ideal con el fin de obtener el máximo teórico del sistema. El modelo se mejora con un análisis del ciclo semi-ideal donde se tienen en cuenta todas las pérdidas mediante el uso de dos coeficientes generales. Este análisis muestra que para el motor diesel la eficiencia del ciclo ABC es muy baja debido a la baja temperatura del gas de escape. Para el motor de gasolina el ciclo podría ser viable cuando el ICE está trabajando bajo condiciones estacionarias y una carga mayor. Estas condiciones se podrían cumplir cuando el vehículo está circulando en autopista. El análisis detallado de este ciclo tiene como objetivo determinar las pérdidas principales de ciclo. Las pérdidas principales se identificaron como: las pérdidas de bombeo, las pérdidas causadas por la transferencia de calor y las pérdidas mecánicas. Teniendo en cuenta estas pérdidas principales junto con otras pérdidas directas e indirectas, se concluyó que el ciclo no es viable para los tipos de máquinas WHR que fueron considerados en este estudio. Para que el ciclo sea viable se tiene que buscar alguna otra máquina existente o un nuevo tipo de máquina que reduzca las principales pérdidas y ofrezca un buen rendimiento isentrópico y mecánico para las condiciones deseadas.
Últimament els fabricants d'automòbils s'han posat el gran repte de reduir l'emissió de CO2 de la totalitat de les seues flotes. Les noves normatives de reducció de les emissions contaminants limiten els mitjans per assolir els objectius desitjats d'emissió de CO2 perquè algunes de les solucions que porten a la reducció en l'emissió de CO2 també donen lloc a un increment a l'emissió de altres contaminants. La recuperació de calor residual (WHR) podria ser una bona solució per reduir les emissions de CO2 del motor de combustió interna (ICE) sense posar en perill l'emissió de contaminants. En la present Tesi s'han analitzat diferents estratègies WHR i es va concloure que seria interessant estudiar més a fons el cicle Brayton. El Cicle Brayton d'Aire (ABC) representa una manera de recuperar una part de la calor dels gasos d'escapament de l'ICE i transformar calor a l'energia mecànica. L'energia mecànica recuperada es retorna al cigonyal de l'ICE reduint d'aquesta manera la quantitat d'energia que ha de ser alliberada per la combustió del combustible permitint la reducció del consum de combustible i les emissions de CO2. En aquesta Tesi s'ha començat estudiant un ABC amb una anàlisi del cicle ideal per tal d'obtenir el màxim teòric del sistema. Este model es millora amb una anàlisi del cicle semiideal on es tenen en compte totes les pèrdues amb tan sols dos coeficients d'eficiència. Aquesta anàlisi va mostrar que per al motor dièsel l'eficiència del cicle ABC és molt baixa a causa de la baixa temperatura del gas d'escapament. Per al motor de gasolina el cicle podria ser viable quan l'ICE està treballant sota condicions estacionàries i una càrrega més gran. Aquestes condicions es podrien complir quan el vehicle està circulant en autopista. L'anàlisi detallada del cicle va tenir com a objectiu determinar les pèrdues principals de cicle. Les pèrdues principals es van identificar com: les pèrdues de bombament, les pèrdues causades per la transferència de calor i les pèrdues mecàniques. Tenint en compte aquestes pèrdues principals juntament amb altres pèrdues directes i indirectes, es va concloure que el cicle no és viable per als tipus de màquines WHR que van ser considerats en aquest estudi. Perquè el cicle puga ser viable s'ha de buscar alguna altra màquina existent o un nou tipus de màquina que puga reduir les principals pèrdues i puga oferir un bon rendiment isentròpic i mecànic per a les condicions desitjades.
Kleut, P. (2016). Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/76807
TESIS
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Winter, Jeff. "The Rocky Road : Why Usability Work is so Difficult." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00552.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving product and process quality are among the central themes of software engineering, and quality is an important factor in the marketplace. Usability and user experience (UX) are two important aspects of quality, particularly for interactive products. To achieve usability means producing products that let users do things in a satisfactory, efficient and effective way. To develop products with good UX, means going beyond usability, in ways that are still not clear to us. Achieving good usability and UX is hard. This thesis is concerned with organizations which work towards these goals. This research is concerned with understanding and improving the processes by which technology is designed and developed, and understanding the demands and expectations users have. It is about how companies can and actually develop products with good usability and UX, and what stops them from working towards this as efficiently as they could. We have viewed the usability and UX challenge from the viewpoints of Quality, Organizations, and Institutions, with a focus on participatory design, user-centred design and wicked problems. The research can be characterised as empirical research performed over a period of seven years, in close cooperation with industrial partners. The research was performed using multiple data collection methods to create constructs and shape theory. The field methods have ranged from being a participant observer, to performing interviews and holding workshops with members of the participating organisations. A case study approach was initially used, but focus soon moved from case study methodology to a closer focus on grounded theory, and finally the focus shifted to constructivist grounded theory. The thesis contributes to the field of software engineering in several ways. Usability has a long history within software engineering, human computer interaction, and design science, but the different discourses within the fields have meant that communication between the fields was problematic. The research in this thesis has moved between the different fields, contributing to bridging the gap between the areas. It gives an illustration of how usability work actually takes place in different types of companies, from a developer of operating systems for smartphones, to a global engineering company, which knows that it must find ways of working with, and measuring, usability and user experience. It gives concrete knowledge about the way in which companies can work with usability testing, and how they can provide information to satisfy the information needs of different stakeholders. It provides a discussion of the state of UX today, taking up the problems that stop industry making use of the definitions and theories of UX that exist. Thus, it gives an illustration of the different factors in product design, development and sales, from dealing with organizational factors to satisfying user needs, that all make usability work such a rocky road to navigate.
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Joseph, Joby. "Why only two ears? Some indicators from the study of source separation using two sensors." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/55.
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In this thesis we develop algorithms for estimating broadband source signals from a mixture using only two sensors. This is motivated by what is known in the literature as cocktail party effect, the ability of human beings to listen to the desired source from a mixture of sources with at most two ears. Such a study lets us, achieve a better understanding of the auditory pathway in the brain and confirmation of the results from physiology and psychoacoustics, have a clue to search for an equivalent structure in the brain which corresponds to the modification which improves the algorithm, come up with a benchmark system to automate the evaluation of the systems like 'surround sound', perform speech recognition in noisy environments. Moreover, it is possible that, what we learn about the replication of the functional units in the brain may help us in replacing those using signal processing units for patients suffering due to the defects in these units.
There are two parts to the thesis. In the first part we assume the source signals to be broadband and having strong spectral overlap. Channel is assumed to have a few strong multipaths. We propose an algorithm to estimate all the strong multi-paths from each source to the sensors for more than two sources with measurement from two sensors. Because the channel matrix is not invertible when the number of sources is more than the number of sensors, we make use of the estimates of the multi-path delays for each source to improve the SIR of the sources. In the second part we look at a specific scenario of colored signals and channel being one with a prominent direct path. Speech signals as the sources in a weakly reverberant room and a pair of microphones as the sensors satisfy these conditions. We consider the case with and without a head like structure between the microphones. The head like structure we used was a cubical block of wood. We propose an algorithm for separating sources under such a scenario. We identify the features of speech and the channel which makes it possible for the human auditory system to solve the cocktail party problem. These properties are the same as that satisfied by our model. The algorithm works well in a partly acoustically treated room, (with three persons speaking and two microphones and data acquired using standard PC setup) and not so well in a heavily reverberant scenario.
We see that there are similarities in the processing steps involved in the algorithm and what we know of the way our auditory system works, especially so in the regions before the auditory cortex in the auditory pathway. Based on the above experiments we give reasons to support the hypothesis about why all the known organisms need to have only two ears and not more but may have more than two eyes to their advantage. Our results also indicate that part of pitch estimation for individual sources might be occurring in the brain after separating the individual source components. This might solve the dilemma of having to do multi-pitch estimation. Recent works suggest that there are parallel pathways in the brain up to the primary auditory cortex which deal with temporal cue based processing and spatial cue based processing. Our model seem to mimic the pathway which makes use of the spatial cues.
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Popa, Liliana E. "An exploration of fragmentation in international law vis-à-vis the practice of the ICJ, ECtHR and WTO on treaty interpretation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702117.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines whether the practice of treaty interpretation of two specialised courts: the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and World Trade Organisation (WTO), often perceived as 'self contained' regimes, could lead to fragmentation of international law. In this purpose the ICJ's practice on treaty interpretation will be taken as the comparator, as the ICJ has mostly contributed to the development and clarification of the rules and principles of international law , The two underlying assumptions followed in this study are: first that the general methodology of treaty interpretation formulated by the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties (VCLT) in Articles 31, 32 and 33 provides a unifying framework for analysing' the problem of fragmentation due to the interpretative activity of specialised courts and tribunals. And second, that it is necessary to investigate the extent to which the international courts or tribunals are using the precedent created by other international courts and tribunals. ,Since the 1969 VCLT is considered to provide the unifying framework for analysing the 'fragmentation' issue, the thesis examines in detail cases interpreting treaties at the ICJ, ECtHR and GATT/ WTO, prior to, and after the VCLT's adoption. This examination aims to discover whether significant divergences in treaty interpretation exist between these courts. The general argument developed in this thesis is that while the specialised international courts (WTO and ECtHR) deviate sometimes from their own previous interpretative practice, and they do so on the basis of the interpretative rules provided by the VCLT, there is evidence that the ,treaty interpretation practice these two specialised bodies develop in similar patterns to those used by the ICJ on the same matter. Thus, seen in the light of the ECtHR and WTO (GATT) practice on treaty interpretation, both the VCLT's general rules of interpretation and the ICJ's interpretative practice could.constitute an anti fragmentation tool.
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Martínez-Muñoz, Marisa. "Identifying individuals with advanced chronic conditions who may benefit from an early palliative care approach: Using the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool: population-based prevalence, predictive validity for mortality and predictive models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399147.
Full textAbstract:
Als països desenvolupats, al voltant del 75% de la població morirà degut a malalties cròniques. Malgrat només un terç dels que tenen malalties cròniques i necessiten atenció pal·liativa pateix càncer, les cures pal·liatives estan dirigides principalment als pacients amb càncer terminal en pacients institucionals. No obstant això, hi ha una gran evidència de les necessitats pal·liatives no satisfetes entre les persones amb malalties amenaçants per a la vida no malignes. Les dades en pacients amb càncer avançat mostren que la provisió precoç de cures pal·liatives especialitzades milloren la qualitat de vida, disminueixen la despesa i ajuden a clarificar les preferències de tractament i els objectius d’atenció. Traslladar l’evidència disponible als sistemes de salut per a oferir atenció pal·liativa precoç a totes les persones amb condicions cròniques diferents del càncer a qualsevol dispositiu d’atenció podria millorar els resultats clínics disminuint els costos d’atenció en aquesta població. Reconèixer la 1a transició, el període referit com a final de vida, que precedeix la fase terminal, podria possibilitar la intervenció pal·liativa precoç i la planificació de decisions anticipades. Tot i així, el moment adequat per a començar l’atenció pal·liativa -per a la què la identificació precoç és un prerequisit- no ha estat definit encara. Admetent les limitacions dels índex pronòstics i models predictius disponibles, amb evidència insuficient actualment per a recomanar el seu ús generalitzat, un abordatge pragmàtic per a identificar candidats per a atenció pal·liativa defensant un abordatge centrat en la persona basat no en el diagnòstic o el pronòstic, sinó en les seves necessitats, ha estat proposat. Està basat en preguntar la pregunta sorpresa (“El sorprendria que aquest pacient morís en els propers 12 mesos?”) i la cerca d’un o més indicadors clínics que podrien suggerir que una persona podria estar en risc de deteriorament i mort i hauria de ser avaluada per a necessitats no satisfetes. Aquest abordatge pragmàtic és el fonament de la majoria dels sets d’indicadors d’identificació que han estat desenvolupats en els últims anys per a reconèixer la 1a transició i identificar individus amb probable necessitat d’atenció pal·liativa, com ara l’instrument NECPAL CCOMS-ICO©. L’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi és avaluar la utilitat de l’instrument NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© per a identificar individus amb condicions cròniques avançades que es podrien beneficiar d’un abordatge pal·liatiu precoç, a través de la seva utilització per a determinar la prevalença poblacional d’aquests individus (Estudi I), avaluant la seva validesa predictiva per a mortalitat a 3, 6, 12 i 24 mesos per a informar la seva utilitat com a instrument de cribratge per a atenció pal·liativa precoç (Estudi II) i identificant indicadors associats amb mortalitat en 24 mesos per a desenvolupar un model predictiu per a la identificació d’individus en alt risc de mort (Estudi III). Conclusions L’instrument NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© pot ser considerat útil per a identificar individus amb condicions cròniques avançades que es podrien beneficiar d’un abordatge pal·liatiu precoç. Pot ser utilitzat per a avaluar les necessitats poblacionals d’atenció pal·liativa a través de la identificació prospectiva de la prevalença poblacional d’aquesta població, un abordatge innovador que, potencialment, pot ser útil per a millorar la pràctica clínica. Pot ser utilitzat, de la mateixa manera que la PS, com a instrument de cribratge per a atenció pal·liativa precoç, ja que presenta alta sensibilitat i alt VPN, tots dos valors predictius importants per a identificar a aquesta vulnerable població, freqüentment no detectada i infratractada. Pot ser utilitzat com a primera mesura per a identificar aquesta població, preferentment acompanyat d’exploracions repetides o addicionals, per tal de millorar-ne l’especificitat. Des d’una perspectiva poblacional, les trajectòries de final de vida podrien resultar ser un excel·lent marc conceptual per al desenvolupament de models predictius simples per a la identificació de persones en risc alt de mort, particularment en fragilitat avançada i malaltia d’òrgan, les condicions cròniques avançades poblacionals més prevalents, per a les què s’han desenvolupat models predictius simples i prometedors que s’haurien de validar externamentIn high income countries, around 75% of the population will die due to chronic conditions. Despite only about one third of those having chronic diseases needing palliative care suffer from cancer, palliative care is mainly aimed at patients with terminal cancer in institutional settings. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence of unmet palliative needs among people with life-threatening non-malignant disease. Data in patients with advanced cancer show that early provision of specialty palliative care improves quality of life, lowers spending, and helps clarify treatment preferences and goals of care. Translating available evidence into health systems to deliver early palliative care to all people with advanced chronic conditions different than cancer in any setting of care might improve clinical outcomes decreasing costs of care in this population. Recognising transition 1, the period referred to as end of life preceding terminal phase, may enable early palliative care intervention and anticipatory palliative care planning. Nevertheless, the right moment to start palliative care -for which early identification is a prerequisite- has not been defined yet. Acknowledging limitations of available prognostic indices and predictive models, with insufficient evidence at this time to recommend their widespread use, a pragmatic approach to identify candidates for palliative care advocating a person centred approach based not on diagnosis or prognosis, but on their needs has been proposed. It is based on asking the surprise question (“Would you be surprised if this patient were to die in the next 12 months?”) and looking for one or more clinical indicators that would suggest a person might be at risk of deteriorating and dying and should be assessed for unmet needs. This pragmatic approach is the basis of most of the set of identification indicators which have been developed in recent years to recognizing transition 1 and identifying individuals likely in need of palliative care, as the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the usefulness of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool in identifying individuals with advanced chronic conditions who may benefit from an early palliative care approach, through employing it as a tool to determine the population-based prevalence of these individuals (Study I), evaluating its predictive validity for mortality at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months to inform usefulness as screening tool for early palliative care (Study II) and identifying the indicators that were associated with mortality within 24 months to develop a predictive model for identifying individuals at high risk of death (Study III). Conclusions The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool can be considered useful in identifying individuals with advanced chronic conditions who may benefit from an early palliative care approach. It can be employed to assess the population-based needs for palliative care through identifying prospectively the population-based prevalence of this population, an innovative approach which can be potentially useful for improving clinical practice. It can be used, as well as the SQ, as screening tools for early palliative care, as they present high sensitivity and high NPV, both important predictive values to identify such a vulnerable and often undetected and under-treated population. It can be employed as a first assessment to identify this population, preferably accompanied by repeated or additional tests, aiming to improve specificity. From a population-based perspective, end of life trajectories may turn out to be an excellent conceptual framework for the development of simple predictive models for identifying individuals at high risk of death, particularly in advanced frailty and organ failure, the most prevalent population-based advanced chronic conditions, for which simple and promising predictive models have been developed and should be externally validated.
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Reese, Annegret. ""Ich weiß nicht, wo da Religion anfängt und aufhört" : eine empirische Studie zum Zusammenhang von Lebenswelt und Religiosität bei Singlefrauen /." Gütersloh : Gütersloher Verl.-Haus, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2712071&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Rune, Björn, and Simon Longuet. "Why does not a professional sport team impact local economy, or does it? : An explanation and extension from earlier studies in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54475.
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Subsidies to professional sports teams remain a controversial issue, and in most European countries these subsidies have decreased over the past decades. However, in Sweden they are a common occurrence, municipalities are giving generous amounts of money to their local team. To justify these subsidies, proponents of sports team claim their great economic impact on the local area. Nevertheless, in the sport economic literature, most of the researchers cannot find any positive impact and some of them even find negative impact from a hosting a professional sports team. This study will give an explanation and extension to the earlier articles about sport economics written in Sweden by Emelie Värja (2014) and Lars Behrenz (2009). In this essay we will present two models. The idea behind our first model is to investigate if professional sport events should be considered as a substitute to other leisure activities. This model indicates that there is a substitution effect between ice hockey games and cinema admissions in Sweden. The outcome from our other model which studies the condominium market strongly contradicts the generous sport subsidies given by Swedish municipalities. The results indicate that the presence of a professional ice hockey team lowers the condominiums prices.
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Alotaibi, Bader Omran B. "How and why lecturers of mathematics at universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia use or do not use ICT for teaching : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66430/.
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This thesis has sought to examine how and why mathematics lecturers in Saudi Arabian universities use software for teaching. It is a large-scale, mixed methods study within a post positivist tradition, utilising data collected from interviews and a questionnaire. Eighteen lecturers from two mathematics departments at two major universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were interviewed individually in their offices. Further, 151 lecturers responded to the questionnaire distributed to lecturers of Mathematics and Statistics at eight long-established state universities in KSA. This study explains why lecturers of mathematics at universities use or do not use ICT for teaching and, in so doing, contributes to an under-researched area of study. It raises questions as to how users and non-users of software regard the nature of teaching and learning of mathematics at universities and the contribution of ICT in university-level mathematics. Previous research on the use of software by mathematics teachers has identified a range of factors affecting take up and use of ICT, including access to ICT resources, knowledge of how to integrate technology into mathematics teaching, and beliefs about the role of technology in learning and teaching and assessing mathematics (e.g. an overreliance on technology, use of technology as a black box, use of calculators in examinations). However, there remains ongoing debate about the balance of internal and external factors in the take up of ICT and whether factors related to easy access to software are more (or less) influential than teachers’ beliefs. The findings of this study revealed that identification with the branch of mathematics was a key factor in determining the lecturers who are likely to be users of software in teaching. In particular, it was found that statisticians and computational mathematicians were more likely to be users of software because they were teaching courses which require the use of software. The findings suggested that despite all of the encouraging conditions, contextual and internal barriers — such as a curriculum with heavy and fixed content; software which was not assessed in many cases; lack of cooperation between lecturers to produce curricula which included the use of software; and doubts about the value of software — were at work here. This study has a special interest in Valsiner’s Zone Theory as a lens to study the take up of ICT. In particular, the Zone Theory demystifies why the take up of mathematical software by the mathematics lecturers was patchy despite the good access to ICT resources and the high potential of the use of software in mathematics teaching. From the Zone Theory’s perspective, lecturers worked within a particularly broad zone of free movement but a weak zone of promoted action so that lecturers’ activity was rarely ‘canalised’ into using mathematical software. The Zone Theory puts emphasis on agency-structure dualism, focusing on the actions carried out by individual lecturers as ‘agents’ in the context of constraining and enabling ‘structures’ when making a decision on whether software should be used in teaching. This thesis has reaffirmed the call for more theoretical and empirical research on the issue of the integration of mathematical software in the teaching and learning of mathematics in higher education.
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Charles, Faith, and Martin Wiberg. "Coping strategies among international students who transition to university in Sweden : Experiences and perceptions of loneliness as an international student in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35857.
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This study explores the coping strategies amongst international students who moved to a medium sized city in Sweden to study. The aim is to explore how international students cope with loneliness and their perceptions and experiences related to loneliness. The method is qualitative and inductive, with deductive properties such as the topics related to loneliness, coping, resources and technology. We conducted semi structured interviews with six participants. The theory used is a strength-based perspective focusing on the resources and coping of the participants. The results show the participants express various accounts of experienced loneliness and coping strategies. The themes found were a New university and country, Social life, Society and culture, Self-agency, and Coping strategies. International students cope with loneliness by talking to family and friends, often using ICT. Other sources of support come from within the university environment. Most of the support utilized comes from the students acting themselves.
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Crusoe, Jonathan. "Why is it so challenging to cultivate open government data? : Understanding impediments from an ecosystem perspective." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156053.
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Introduction: This compilation licentiate thesis focuses on open government data (OGD). The thesis is based on three papers. OGD is a system that is organized when publishers collect and share data with users, who can unrestrictedly reuse the data. In my research, I have explored why it can be challenging to cultivate OGD. Cultivation is human activities that change, encourage, or guide human organizations towards a higher purpose by changing, introducing, managing, or removing conditions. Here, the higher purpose is OGD to realize believed benefits. Thus, OGD cultivation is an attempt to stimulate actors into organizing as OGD. Problem and Purpose: OGD is believed to lead to several benefits. However, the worldwide OGD movement has slowed down, and researchers have noted a lack of use. Publishers and users are experiencing a set of different impediments that are challenging to solve. In previous research, there is a need for more knowledge about what can impede the OGD organization, cause non-valuable organizing, or even collapse the organization. At the same time, there is a lack of knowledge about how impediments shape the organization of OGD. This gap can make it hard to solve and overcome the impediments experienced by publishers and users. The sought-after knowledge can bring some understanding of the current situation of OGD. In this research, I have viewed the organization of OGD as an ecosystem. The purpose of this thesis is to draw lessons about why it can be challenging to cultivate OGD ecosystems by understanding OGD impediments from an ecosystem perspective. Research Design: I set out to explore OGD through qualitative research from 2016 to 2018. My research started with a pilot case study that led to three studies. The studies are each reported in a paper and the papers form the base of this thesis. The first paper aims to stimulate the conceptually oriented discussion about actors’ roles in OGD by developing a framework that was tested on a Swedish public agency. The second paper has the purpose of expanding the scope surrounding impediments and was based in a review and systematization of previous research about OGD impediments. The third paper presents an exploration of impediments experienced by publishers, users, and cultivators in the Swedish national OGD ecosystem to identify faults. From the three papers, lessons were drawn in turn and together, that are presented in this thesis. Findings: Cultivators when cultivating OGD ecosystems are facing towering challenges. The following three main challenges are identified in this thesis: (1) to cultivate a system that can manage stability by itself without constant involvement, (2) to cultivate a system that is capable of evolving towards a “greater good” by itself, and (3) to have an up-to-date precise vocabulary for a self-evolving system that enables inter-subjective understand for coordinating problem-solving. Contribution: The theoretical contribution of this thesis is that OGD ecosystems can be viewed as a public utility. Moreover, I recommend that researchers approach the organizing of OGD as the cultivation of evolution, rather than the construction of a structure; to consider the stability of the system in growth, value, and participation; and to be cautious with how they label and describe OGD actors. For actors that are cultivating OGD, I recommend that they guide the OGD actors to help them organize; view OGD cultivation as the management of evolution (growth) towards a purpose; and view cultivation as a collaborative effort where they can supply ideas, technologies, practices, and expertise.The series name in the thesis Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences thesis is incorrect. The correct series name is FiF-avhandling.
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Karlsson, Amanda. "The rise and demise of a meme : A study on what a meme is and why people are spreading them." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162079.
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Social media content, as well as how it is being used and the impact it has on the society, have underwent significant transformations and nowadays they are quite different from what they were when social media just came around. Analysing the transformations is important for understanding both the current state and further development of the technology that stands behind social media. One of the most noticeable aspects of today’s social media is the phenomenon of “internet memes”. An internet meme can be roughly defined as “a piece of culture, typically a joke, which gains influence through online transmission” (Davison, 2012). While memes play a substantial role in the use of social media and there has been growing interest in exploiting their potential for marketing and, more generally, conveying various types of messages, there has been a lack of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) research on memes. The understanding of how memes are perceived by social media users and how memes spread on social media is currently rather limited. The study reported in this thesis addresses the limitation of existing HCI research by presenting empirical evidence for the definition of memes, as well as memes' spreadability. Three online surveys (the total number of respondents:3161), targeting the users of the social media platforms Reddit and Facebook, were developed within the study. The social media platform Reddit was selected because it is a platform where memes are often created and also where they are moved to other platforms, like YouTube and Instagram. The study adopted a mixed method approach, combining the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. It is shown that memes are shared because they are found funny and that they are shared within the community or with friends. But if a meme spreads and becomes popular outside this original community, the meme loses its value to the original users. Some contents, like character memes, are much easier to spread, but just as soon as they become popular, they disappear.
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Wassrin, Siri. "Why is it difficult to design innovative IT? : An agential realist study of designing IT for healthcare innovation." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146274.
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It may seem strange to claim that it is difficult to design innovative information technology (IT) in a time when the technological progress leaps forward like never before. However, despite the numerous opportunities that this rapid progress provides, we often design IT that is similar to existing artifacts, making IT design incremental rather than radical. At the same time, IT innovations are pointed out as crucial to meet the societal challenges we are facing, not least in the public sector, including a growing and older population, increasing demands from citizens and reduced tax revenues. This calls for us to better understand why it is difficult to design innovative IT. Previous research on this topic have mainly focused on human and social aspects, not paying close attention to IT. In this thesis, it is suggested that the sociomaterial theory agential realism can help shed light on the role of IT in innovative IT design, acknowledging the sociomateriality of IT. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis is to apply agential realism on an empirical case in order to explore and explain why it is difficult to design innovative IT. To fulfill the aim, a qualitative case study was conducted in publicly funded healthcare. The empirical case is an example of an attempt to design innovative IT in a healthcare context. The empirical material was generated through participant observations, including video recordings, and semi-structured interviews. The material was analyzed in several rounds, with and without a theoretical lens. In the agential realist analysis, IT has been viewed as entangled with the world. The analysis focused on what boundaries IT produced and how these boundaries were consequential for what was possible and impossible to design. The thesis illustrates how IT is produced and productive in terms of both matter and meaning, and thus, is agential – IT makes differences in the world. What is possible to design is not only constrained by social structures but by the materiality of IT, what boundaries IT helps produce and the material-discursive practices that enact IT. Innovative IT design means to design material configurations that produce boundaries that are different from what have been enacted before and, thus, deviate from existing material-discursive practices. However, it is difficult to deviate from these since material-discursive practices are agential and define what boundaries are meaningful and legitimate. Hence, it is difficult to design innovative IT since innovative IT design has to both enact boundaries that deviate from agential material-discursive practices and also gain legitimacy. Through this explanation, the thesis makes an explanatory knowledge contribution which differs from and adds to earlier explanations. It also makes a contribution to conceptualizing the IT artifact by emphasizing IT as sociomaterial and providing examples of how IT can be understood as produced, productive, agential and entangled. Finally, the thesis also makes an empirical and methodological contribution in the sense that it demonstrates how an agential realist case study can be conducted in the field of Information Systems.Det kan verka märkligt att påstå att det är svårt att designa innovativ informationsteknik (IT) i en tid då den tekniska utvecklingen går snabbare än någonsin förr. Men trots de många möjligheter som den snabba utvecklingen erbjuder så designar vi ofta IT som liknar existerande artefakter, vilket resulterar i inkrementell snarare än radikal IT-design. Samtidigt pekas IT-innovation ut som kritisk för att möta de samhälleliga utmaningar som vi står inför, inte minst i den offentliga sektorn där en växande och åldrande befolkning, ökade krav från medborgare och minskade skatteintäkter ställer stora krav på offentliga organisationer. Av denna anledning behöver vi förbättra vår förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Tidigare forskning inom detta ämne har främst fokuserat på mänskliga och sociala aspekter men inte uppmärksammat IT. I denna avhandling föreslås att den sociomateriella teorin agentiell realism kan bidra till att belysa ITs roll i innovativ IT-design genom att se IT som sociomateriell. Därmed är avhandlingens övergripande syfte att applicera agentiell realism på ett empiriskt fall för att utforska och förklara varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts i offentlig sjukvård. Det empiriska fallet är ett exempel på ett försök att designa innovativ IT i en sjukvårdskontext. Det empiriska materialet genererades genom deltagande observationer, inklusive videofilmning, och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet analyserades i flera omgångar, både med och utan teoretisk lins. I analysen där agentiell realism applicerades sågs IT som entangled (’intrasslad’) med världen. Denna analys fokuserade på vilka gränser som IT producerade och hur dessa gränser hade konsekvenser för vad som var möjligt respektive omöjligt att designa. Denna avhandling illustrerar hur IT är producerad och producerande både vad gäller materia och betydelser, och därmed är agentiell – IT gör skillnad i världen. Vad som är möjligt att designa är inte enbart begränsat av sociala strukturer utan också av ITs materialitet, vilka gränser som IT bidrar till att producera och de materiell-diskursiva praktiker som framställer IT. Innovativ ITdesign innebär att designa materiella konfigurationer som skapar gränser vilka skiljer sig från vad som blivit till innan och därmed avviker från rådande materiell-diskursiva praktiker. Det är dock svårt att avvika från dessa eftersom materiell-diskursiva praktiker är agentiella och definierar vilka gränser som är meningsfulla och legitima. Det är därmed svårt att designa innovativ IT då innovativ IT-design behöver både producera gränser som avviker från agentiella materiell-diskursiva praktiker och också uppnå legitimitet. Med denna förklaring ger avhandlingen ett kunskapsbidrag och bidrar till ny förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Avhandlingen bidrar också till att konceptualisera IT-artefakten genom att betona ITs sociomaterialitet och att ge exempel på hur IT kan förstås som producerad, producerande, agentiell och entangled. Slutligen ger avhandlingen också ett empiriskt och metodologiskt bidrag genom att demonstrera hur en agentiell realistisk fallstudie kan utföras inom informatikfältet.
The series name in the thesis Faculty of Arts and Sciences thesis is incorrect. The correct series name is FiF-avhandling.
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CAMPANA, CLAUDIO. "Recupero del calore di scarto di un motore a combustione interna mediante tecnologia ORC." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245372.
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Sommario. Il presente lavoro di tesi illustra le fasi di sviluppo di un modello per la simulazione del comportamento di un ciclo Rankine a fluido organico (ORC) volto ad applicazioni automotive.
Considerato che il massimo rendimento dei motori a combustione interna (MCI) si attesta al 35% per i motori ad accensione comandata e al 45% per quelli ad accensione spontanea e che il 55% dell’energia risultante dalla combustione viene dissipata sotto forma di calore, l’accoppiamento di un MCI ad un sistema ORC risulta una valida soluzione per il recupero di una parte dell’aliquota di energia spettante ai fumi prodotti dalla combustione.
A partire dai risultati ottenuti da prove al banco freno dinamometrico di un motore di media cilindrata alimentato a benzina, è stato sviluppato un modello in grado di fornirne i dati energetici durante la percorrenza di un generico ciclo di prova standardizzato. Per una corretta individuazione delle potenze in gioco e dei parametri caratteristi dei flussi termici disponibili al recupero, si è ipotizzato di installare il propulsore su di una monovolume compatta, in maniera tale da garantire la disponibilità degli spazi necessari ad ospitare sia l’impianto a fluido organico, sia un eventuale sistema di propulsione ibrida o l’alloggiamento di serbatoi per il metano, nell’ottica di avvicinarsi quanto più possibile al traguardo dei 95 grammi di CO2 emessa per chilometro percorso, stabilito dalla Direttiva Europea 443/2009 per l’anno 2020.
Dai risultati delle simulazioni su ciclo prova standardizzato NEDC si è potuto procedere al dimensionamento dell’evaporatore dell’impianto ORC, ovvero l’interfaccia tra il MCI ed il sistema di recupero, e sviluppare un modello in grado di determinare il quantitativo di energia recuperabile durante l’esercizio.
Il comportamento dell’espansore di tipo scroll utilizzato nel sistema è stato modellato a partire dai dati ottenuti dalla sperimentazione effettuata su di un prototipo di impianto ORC di piccola taglia caricato con fluido organico R245fa. Di tale sperimentazione è stata descritta la fase implementativa e ne sono stati esposti i risultati.Abstract. The present thesis describes the development stages of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) simulation model aimed at automotive applications. Considering that Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) maximum efficiency stands at 35% for Spark Ignited (SI) engines and 45% for diesel, and 55% of the energy resulting from the combustion is wasted as heat, the coupling of an ICE to an ORC system is a viable solution for the recovery of a part of the amount of energy due to the exhaust gases produced by combustion, otherwise wasted. From mid-sized SI engine dynamometer testing results as input, has been developed a model that can provide all the engine energy data while running a generic standardized test cycle. For right power amount detection and for parameters’ characterization of the heat flows, it is supposed to install the engine on a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), in such a way as to guarantee the necessary spaces for the housing of both the ORC facility and a potentially installed hybrid propulsion system. Also the space necessary for housing a potential natural gas storage facility has been taken into account, in order to get as close as possible to the goal of 95 grams of CO2 emission per kilometre, as stated in the 443/2009 European Directive for the year 2020. The ORC evaporator, i.e. the interface between the ICE and the recovery system, was designed by vehicle driving simulations results through the NEDC standardized test cycle. From the same simulations was also possible to determine the amount of recoverable energy while driving. The behaviour of the scroll-type expander used in the system was modelled by the data obtained from the experimental characterization of a small ORC plant prototype with R245fa as working fluid. The test bench setup has been described and the test results have been discussed.
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Grzmil, Michal. "Isolation and functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in human prostate cancer." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967374278.
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Coenen, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Developing a method to validate the WHO ICF core sets from the patient perspective : rheumatoid arthritis as a case in point / vorgelegt von Michaela Coenen." 2008. http://d-nb.info/991061888/34.
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Awuviry-Newton, Kofi. "Needing, providing and supporting care: a mixed methods study of older adults' functional abilities and care needs, caregivers' lived experiences, and social workers' contributions in the lives of older adults in Ghana." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1429188.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Globally, disability and frailty are the significant determinants of functional difficulties among older adults; however, the prevalence and experiences of specific functional difficulties among older adults to understand their care needs in Ghana are unclear. Often, functional difficulties lead to an increasing need for care; however, in the Ghanaian context, little is known of the lived experiences of caregivers caring for older adults needing care. Moreover, social workers contributions to the lives of older adults and their caregivers in Ghana are not documented. This study employed a concurrent mixed-method design to examine older adults' functional abilities, care needs, and meeting these needs for Ghana's caregivers and social workers. There were five specific aims to achieve the above-mentioned overall thesis’ aim. The first aim was to examine the prevalence of functional difficulties among adults 50 years or older, with particular attention to toileting which may be more prevalent in a context where accessible toileting is less widely available, and there are therefore more environmental challenges and a poorer person-environment fit. The second aim was to examine factors contributing to caregiver availability for older adults, and the third was to explore the lived experiences of older adults regarding their functional abilities. The fourth aim was to explore the lived experiences of caregivers caring for older adults living with functional difficulties. Finally, the fifth aim was to investigate the roles and capacities of social workers in older adults and their caregivers' lives. The results revealed a high need for care among older adults depicted from the high prevalence and experience of functional difficulties among older adults, especially in older women compared to older men in Ghana. Toileting difficulty was observed to be more common than expected to other difficulties in daily living activities and was related to personal, environmental, and health-related factors. Notably, a large proportion of older adults in Ghana do not have access to a plumbed toilet, increasing the environmental challenges associated with toileting and exacerbating other disabilities. Though about 86% of older adults have caregivers available to care for them, older adults living as a widow or widower did not receive any government or non-governmental financial support and were less likely to have a caregiver available to care for them. The qualitative interviews with older adults regarding their functional abilities revealed that older adults admit having trouble in life, feel anxious at times, and sometimes do not feel human; however, many employed strategies to cope with their restrictions. Despite the functional difficulties they experienced, they desired to be healthy and productive. The qualitative interviews with caregiver participants revealed caregivers’ expressed commitment to caring for older adults, motivated primarily by reciprocity, despite internal and external stressors, and the desire to fulfil personal needs. Qualitative interviews with social workers revealed that though, they are working to assist older adults in meeting their needs, their capacities were limited by lack of resources. When all these findings are put together, they suggest that older adults' functional difficulties posed pressure on older adults themselves, their caregivers and social workers. The findings facilitate our understanding of older adults' care needs, emphasising the functional, social, and environmental factors influencing older adults' functional status and demonstrating the need for better systems to support the care needs of older adults and those who care for them.
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Goldblum, Glenn. "Sales assistants serving customers with traumatic brain injury." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28813.
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General lack of awareness regarding neurogenic communication disorders generally, and cognitive-communicative disorders following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) specifically has resulted in pervasive environmental and attitudinal barriers for these individuals. Paradigm shifts within the rehabilitation context have been highlighted which aim to remove barriers, provide social supports, and thereby enhance their participation in all aspects of life. While collaborative communication partner training programs have been advocated as a means to achieve this, a dearth of published programs is evident within the field of TBI, leading to the need for such programs to enhance the awareness and skill of the communication partner, and reduce barriers for the individual. Transformations are likewise apparent in the corporate context, where in spite of legislative changes encouraging diversity awareness programs for employees, few training programs exist worldwide, and in South Africa particularly, which remove barriers between employees and customers with a communication disability, and a TBI specifically. The current research targeted the retail supermarket environment as a context in which a significant number of everyday communicative exchanges take place. The study investigated the ability of a group of sales assistants to identify barriers to, and facilitators of interaction involving customers with a cognitive-communication disorder, using a control group design. This was achieved by the development and administration of 2 questionnaires on 2 different occasions to determine the confidence and skill with which they identified barriers and facilitators during videotaped sales interactions. A once-off training session was developed and conducted with the experimental group participants, in order to increase their confidence and skill in identifying barriers and facilitators of such interactions. The training session employed a number of customized components considered to be powerful contributors to the positive outcome of the study. These included: extensive use of customized video material professionally produced and comprising real interactions involving individuals with a TBI as “customers” in various stores of the participating national supermarket chain during operating hours. Collaboration with an individual with a TBI in the training, together with use of adult learning and diversity awareness principles were considered effective in shifting previous attitudes and fostering new learning. Inter-and-intra-group results on the confidence and skill constructs of the pre-and-post questionnaires were examined. All pointed consistently to the impact of the training session on the improvement demonstrated in the experimental group as compared to the control group on the post-questionnaires as compared with the pre-questionnaires. In addition all subjective training session evaluations by the experimental group participants were consistently highly rated, reflecting the active participation observed during training. The need for companies to expand their concept of customer service to include an acknowledgement of the customer with a disability is emphasized. Training programs empowering their employees to interact with greater awareness and confidence with customers with a TBI specifically will potentially facilitate deeper participation for both. The current research lays the groundwork for more in-depth research that can be generalized beyond this specific population of individuals with a communication disorder.Thesis (DPhil (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
unrestricted
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Stein-Parbury, Jane. "Through the fog : nursing care of patients who are confused while in ICU / Jane Stein-Parbury." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19355.
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Bibliography: leaves 206-223.x, 223 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
An investigation, using ethnographic methods, of how nurses care for patients who are confused while they are being treated in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Concludes that whilst cultural practices in ICU subvert understanding of the patient perspective, ICU nurses are able to maintain their nursing therapy position.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical Nursing, 1999
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Netshifhefhe, Humbelani Kelly. "Determination of anions and cations in natural water." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1246.
Full textAbstract:
MSc (Chemistry)Department of Chemistry
Surface water is used for domestic and agricultural activities in Musina region and other surrounding areas. This is because of the shortage of potable water. As a result, the people living in the region and its surrounding areas are potentially exposed to hazardous contaminants that may be present in the surface water. It is therefore important to ascertain the quality of the surface water in the region. Surface water samples were collected from Mutale, Nwanedi, Tshipise and Nzhelele rivers. The samples were analysed for anions such as fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-); cations such as aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and trace metals such as lithium (Li), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb) by using analytical techniques such as IC, ICP-OES and ICP-MS. The same samples were also investigated for other parameters such as pH, temperature, EC, TH, TDS, Na % and SAR. The WHO (2008), SANS 241 (2006) and Canadian guideline (2017) were used as a water quality guideline for drinking purposes. Higher concentrations of Li, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, Mg, K and Na in river water were detected in rainy season, whereas higher concentrations of As, Mo, K and Fe were recorded in dry season. The concentration of F-, Cd, Tl and Pb showed low contamination level in river samples. The results demonstrated that Tshipise river water was contaminated with high concentration of parameters: TDS (1864.0.8-3372.8 mg L-1), EC (2960.3-5270 mS cm-1), F- (6.403-8.419 mg L-1), SO42- (289.657-326.598 mg L-1), Na (836.690-922.810 mg L-1) and As (10.017-11.267 μg L-1) and relative to the (WHO) water guidelines. Nwanedi river also showed higher values of EC (298.0-699.0) mS cm-1 and TDS (190.3-447.5) mg L-1. In this study, the results indicated that water from Tshipise and Nwanedi river is not suitable for human consumption based on the guidelines of drinking water. The results also indicated that the soil sample had abundance of Ca, Al, Mn and Fe with concentration ranging from 0.13-10595, 0.0084-4.16, 0.0455-1116.5, 2.4-287404 mg Kg-1 respectively.
NRF
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Chieh, Yu Tzu, and 余子潔. "To Examine the Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Reactions among ICU Nurses who Experienced Workplace Violence : Example of a Medical Center in South Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zukw26.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
護理學系碩士班
104
This study aims to explore the workplace violence incidence and the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional reactions among intensive care unit nurses after experienced workplace violence. The study applied a cross-section correlational design. A total of 248 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling procedure from a medical center in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire. The SPSS for window 19.0 Chinese version was used to conduct data analysis including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square, and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results show that first, the workplace violence prevalence in the intensive care units was 57.7%, in which 90.2% was verbal violence, 42% was physical violence, and 21.7% was threatened behavior. Second, the emotional intelligence was related to the professional clinical ladders and the work seniority significantly. The higher level of the clinical ladder and work seniority had higher level of the emotional intelligence. However, there was no significant difference appears in terms of working units. Third, the emotional reactions were not related to the professional clinical ladders, the work seniority, and working units significantly. Finally, although the study showed that the higher level of the emotional intelligence was, the lower level of emotional reactions the participants had, the relationship between two variables was not statistically significant. Based on the results of this study, recommendations for clinical practices and nursing administrations are proposed. The nursing practice environment should strengthen prevention mechanism in workplace violence, and increase emotional management education. In addition, the nursing administrations should establish circulating systems and the emotional counseling consultative mechanism after workplace violence happened.
43
Santos, Carla Marina Vilar. "A "Mona Lisa" dos conflitos internacionais O exemplo da OMC." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84010.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoThe World Trade Organization (WTO) represents one of the most important International Organizations in its area of intervention, such importance is not solely due to the fact that it is bringing together, in its own, one hundred and sixty-four member states with different economic situations, but, also because of the existence of a useful and efficient system for resolving disputes that effectively addresses disputes arising in the intervening sphere, thanks to the combination of peaceful and juridical means in a sequential action.In this way, the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) presents the greatest of all the peculiarities, the possibility to exist, in a single system, a political resolution followed by a legal resolution. However, political resolutions do not exist only in the WTO, but also in international state interaction as a whole, through good offices, mediation, conciliation, inquiries and international arbitration. These political resolutions are usually characterized as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, in today's world, are part of the daily lives of society, not only, through the actions of the United Nations (Commission of Inquiries, Good Offices and Mediation of the Secretary-General or Special Envoy of the United Nations, Cycles of Negotiations, etc.), as well as the actions of any diplomatic delegation.The purpose of this study is therefore to study the comparative analysis of ADR, understood per se, and within the WTO, covered by its Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Differentiating in this way, under two aspects, the effectiveness, usefulness and rectitude registered in the same procedure under different optics and procedures (ADR or DSM), without however neglecting the comparison of these alternative means against the traditional judicial means - The International Court of Justice (ICJ) -, being able, as a result of the foregoing, conclusively delineate the preference registered in the current international society in the resolution of inter-state conflicts.The present study aimed to highlight the general guidelines of the MARC, allowing a more practical understanding regarding its mobilization in the international context. This matter could not fail to address its traditional opposite, the ICJ and its alternative version provided by the WTO - the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM).This MRD prevails in matters covered by the WTO, ie international trade law, but we can see that the hybrid system provided in this context is a positive example of the functionality, effectiveness and evolution of MARC to a more effective state that allows an effective resolution Disputes when the diplomatic part fails. Thus, it will not be too much to leave here in a final note the mere suggestion of a possible future adaptation of this model to other international areas, such as labor law, health, human rights, and the like. In order to allow not only the use of diplomatic means to resolve emerging disputes, but also a more formalized mechanism to definitively and bindingly resolve the conflicts in question.
A Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) representa uma das Organizações Internacionais de maior relevo na sua área de intervenção, tal importância não se deve unicamente ao facto de está reunir, no seu seio, cento e sessenta e quatro países membros com situações económicas diversas, mas, igualmente, devido à existência de um sistema de resolução de conflitos, útil e eficiente, que permite resolver, de forma eficaz, os diferendos que surgem no seu âmbito interventivo, graças à junção de meios pacíficos e jurídicos numa actuação sequencial.Desse modo, o Mecanismo de Resolução de Diferendos (MRD) apresenta a maior de todas as particularidades, a possibilidade de, num único sistema, existir uma resolução política seguida de uma resolução de carácter jurídico. Ora, resoluções de cunho político não existem tão só na OMC, como também se verificam no conjunto da interacção estadual internacional, através dos bons ofícios, da mediação, da conciliação, dos inquéritos e da arbitragem internacional. Essas resoluções políticas são normalmente caracterizadas como Meios Alternativos de Resolução de Conflitos (MARC) e, no mundo actual, fazem parte da vida quotidiana da sociedade, não só, através da actuação da Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU (Comissões de inquéritos, bons ofícios e mediação do Secretário-Geral ou enviado especial das Nações Unidas, Ciclos de negociações, etc.), bem como da acção de qualquer delegação diplomática. Este estudo tem, assim, por objecto o estudo analítico-comparativo dos MARC, entendidos per se, e, dos mesmos, englobados no seio da OMC, abrangidos no seu Mecanismo de Resolução de Diferendos. Diferenciando dessa forma, sob duas vertentes, a eficácia, a utilidade e a recorribilidade registada aquando da actuação de um mesmo processo sob ópticas e procedimentos distintos (MARC ou MRD), sem todavia, negligenciar a comparação destes meios alternativos face ao tradicional meio judicial – o Tribunal Internacional de Justiça (TIJ) –, e a importância que o MRD tem para os países em desenvolvimento aquando da ocorrência de diferendos com outros países em desenvolvimento ou com a intervenção de países desenvolvidos. Em resultado do exposto, será possível delinear conclusivamente a preferência registada na actual sociedade internacional no seio da resolução de conflitos inter-estaduais.O presente estudo pretendeu frisar as linhas gerais orientadoras dos MARC, permitindo um entendimento mais prático no relativo à sua mobilização no contexto internacional. Essa matéria não poderia deixar de abordar o seu oposto tradicional, o TIJ e a respectiva versão alternativa fornecida pela OMC – o Mecanismo de Resolução de Diferendos (MRD). Esse MRD prevalece nas matérias cobertas pela OMC, ou seja, em direito comercial internacional, contudo é possível repararmos que o sistema híbrido disponibilizado nesse contexto é um exemplo positivo de funcionalidade, eficácia e evolução dos MARC para um estado mais eficaz que permita uma resolução efectiva dos diferendos quando a parte diplomática falhe. Desse modo, não será por demais deixar aqui em nota final a mera sugestão de uma possível adaptação, no futuro, deste modelo, a outras áreas internacionais, tais como o direito do trabalho, da saúde, os direitos humanos, e afins. Por forma, a permitir que não só haja recurso aos meios diplomáticos para resolver os diferendos emergentes como exista um mecanismo mais formalizado para solucionar definitivamente e com vinculatividade os conflitos em causa.
44
Novosyadlyy, Ruslan. "Expression and Regulation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis Components in Rat Liver Myofibroblasts." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AE0F-6.
Full text
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Goldhahn, Andrea. "Wissen, wo man hingehört - Das Phänomen Adoption." 2021. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75568.
Full textAbstract:
Geborgenheit im Schutze der Familie ist eine der grundlegendsten Erfahrungen, auf die sich eine gesunde Lebensbewältigung und lebensbejahende Einstellung gründen kann.
Ist die leibliche Familie nicht in der Lage, dauerhaft für ein Kind zu sorgen, kann die Adoption eine Möglichkeit sein, für betreffende Kinder allseitig förderliche Bedingungen des Aufwachsens zu schaffen. Die Sorge fremder Eltern um heimatlose Kinder ist im historischen Rückblick bereits frühzeitig nachweisbar und auch im Tierreich bekannt. Adoption ist ein Lebensphänomen.
In der Literatur sind nicht wenige Arbeiten damit befasst, das Phänomen der Adoption als ein Wagnis zu betrachten, gestützt auf Beispiele schwieriger Entwicklungswege betroffener Kinder. Gleichsam umgibt das Adoptionsthema eine Aura des Besonderen, da dieses Zusammenleben von der Normfamilie abweicht. Wenngleich empirische Forschung belegt, dass die meisten Adoptierten gut angepasst sind und vergleichbare Entwicklungsergebnisse wie Nichtadoptierte erzielen, hält sich ein defizitorientierter Blick bis heute und mündet in einer individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Stigmatisierung und Tabuisierung, natürlich nicht ohne Folgen für die Adoptierten selbst.
Die vorliegende Studie hat die reale Adoptionserfahrung im Fokus. Es wird untersucht, wie adoptierte Menschen konkret ihren Werdegang begreifen, wie sie den Fakt des Adoptiertseins verarbeiten oder verarbeitet haben und welchen Haltungen sich hieraus ergeben. Das geschieht anhand einer selbst selektierten Stichprobe von 97 adoptierten Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen.
Basierend auf Bindungstheorie, Selbstkonzept und Identitätsentwicklung werden weitere adoptionsrelevante Themengebiete beleuchtet und mit empirischen Forschungsdaten in Beziehung gesetzt. Methodisch wurde eine breite Palette adoptionsrelevanter Daten mittels Fragebogen erfasst, mit Freiräumen für persönliche Ergänzungen.
Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Häufigkeitsauszählung und geeigneten bivariaten Analysen, um Einflussfaktoren auf den Verlauf der Adoptionsgeschichte zu eruieren. Eigene Ergänzungen der Teilnehmenden wurden mittels Bildung von Clustern ausgewertet, um Schwerpunktsetzungen herauszustellen.
Die Vielgestaltigkeit der Thematik Adoption samt aller Aspekte, die den Entwicklungsverlauf mitbestimmen, zeigt Chancen auf, dass Bindungsabbrüche in frühen Jahren und Ablehnungserfahrung keine zentralen Lebensthemen bleiben müssen – u. a. auch, weil man weiß, wo man hingehört. So lautet die Kernhypothese.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass trotz unterschiedlicher Adoptionserfahrungen der Großteil der Befragten ein zufriedenes Leben führt. Zusammenfassend ergeben sich drei Schwerpunkte, mit denen sich die Teilnehmenden dieser Studie vorrangig beschäftigen. Es geht um die Bedingungen im Adoptivelternhaus, um die Notwendigkeit einer offenen Kommunikation über die Adoption und um das Bedürfnis nach Akzeptanz und Gleichberechtigung im alltäglichen Leben und in der Gesellschaft überhaupt.
Die Arbeit folgt mit ihrer Veröffentlichung dem Anliegen, Betroffene über Forschungsergebnisse zu informieren und Mut zu machen, sich mit ungelösten Fragestellungen auseinanderzusetzen. Diese Arbeit stützt das Anliegen der modernen Adoptionsforschung, Lebensverläufe adoptierter Menschen zu studieren, um Anpassungsergebnisse zu verstehen und besser einordnen zu können. Ferner wird der Anspruch an die beteiligten Professionen gerichtet, empirische Daten der Adoptionsforschung in die Adoptionspraxis einfließen zu lassen, um Adoptierte und ihre Familien adäquat unterstützen zu können.:Einleitung 5
1. Theoretische Grundlagen 18
1.1 Bindung 18
1.1.1 Das Entstehen von Bindungen 20
1.1.2 Prägung durch frühe Bindungserfahrung – das „Innere Arbeitsmodell“ 22
1.1.3 Die Bindungsqualität 23
1.1.4 Was kann die Bindungsentwicklung beeinflussen? 25
1.1.5 Bindung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung 31
1.1.6 Zur Stabilität von Bindungen 31
1.1.7 Bindung aus neurobiologischer Sicht 34
1.1.8 Trennung und Verlust aus Sicht der Bindungstheorie 38
1.1.9 Bindungsstörungen 42
1.1.10 Bindung und Adoption 44
1.1.11 Bindungstheorie und Kindeswohl 55
1.2 Das Selbstkonzept 58
1.2.1 Vorläufer der Selbstkonzeptforschung 58
1.2.2 Selbst und Selbstkonzept in der Psychologie der Gegenwart 59
1.2.3 Grundlegende Mechanismen der Selbsterkenntnis 60
1.2.4 Selbstkonzeptentwicklung - Veränderung des Selbst über die Lebensspanne 64
1.2.5 Theorien zum Selbstkonzept 69
1.2.6 Zur Bedeutung des Selbstkonzeptes im Kontext Adoption 74
1.3 Identität – eine andere Form des Selbstverständnisses? 78
1.3.1 Die Aneignung von Identität 83
1.3.2 Der Ausdruck von Identität 86
1.3.3 Identität als Therapieziel 87
1.3.4 Besonderheit der Identitätsarbeit bei Adoptierten 89
2. Adoptionsforschung 100
2.1 Adoption – Risiko oder Schutzfaktor? 103
2.2 Erholungsprozesse im Fokus 111
2.2.1 Wegweisende Studien zum Erholungseffekt 111
2.3 Die Erforschung weiterer Determinanten des Adoptionsprozesses 115
2.3.1 Zur Beziehungsgestaltung in Adoptivfamilien 116
2.3.2 Bindung und Adoption in der Forschung 120
2.3.3 Forschung zur Adoptionsidentität 122
2.3.4 Neurobiologische Erklärungsansätze 123
2.4 Unterstützung für Adoptierte und ihre Familien 128
2.5 Postadoptive Entwicklungsverläufe über die Lebensspanne 131
2.6 Ausblick 134
3. Existenzielle Themen adoptierter Menschen 137
3.1 Mythos und Stigmatisierung 137
3.2 Offenheit 149
3.2.1 Das kindliche Verständnis von Adoption 149
3.2.2 Kontaktsuche und Kontaktgestaltung 153
3.3 Trennung und Verlust 164
3.3.1 Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung des Verlustes 164
3.3.2 Die dauerhafte Trennung von der Bezugsperson 166
3.3.3 Eine andere Perspektive: Adoptionsbezogener Verlust - sozial konstruiert? 167
3.4 Verwandt sein durch Adoption 175
3.4.1 Verwandtschaftskonzepte 176
3.4.2 Ist Blut dicker als Wasser? 177
3.4.3 Genetische versus psychologische Verwandtschaft 180
3.4.4 Wird Verwandtschaft individuell anders erlebt? 181
3.4.5 Können sich adoptierte Menschen verwandt fühlen? 183
3.5 Versöhnung 185
3.5.1 Was bedeutet Versöhnung? 186
3.5.2 Wie kann sich Versöhnung entwickeln? 186
3.5.3 Versöhnung und Adoption 188
3.6 Adoption als zweitbester Weg? - Das Denken über die Adoption 191
3.6.1 Die Sichtweise der Adoptiveltern 192
3.6.2 Die Sichtweise der Adoptierten 194
3.6.3 Die veränderte Sichtweise der Entwicklungspsychologie 195
3.6.4 Was denken (wissen) die Behandler? 197
3.7 Die reale Adoptionserfahrung aus Sicht der Adoptiveltern 198
3.7.1 Die Adoptionsentscheidung 200
3.7.2 Das Erleben der Adoption 204
4. Auswertung 207
4.1 Gegenstand der Untersuchung 207
4.2 Methode 207
4.3 Statistische Analysen 208
4.3.1 Die Information über den Adoptionsstatus 212
4.3.2 Die Rolle des Umfeldes 217
4.3.3 Die Bedingungen in der Adoptivfamilie 222
4.3.4 Die Umstände der Adoption 229
4.3.5 Der Kontakt mit der Herkunftsfamilie 232
4.3.6 Offene Fragen 239
4.3.7 Identität, Werte und Normen 241
4.3.8 Prägende Erfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit der Adoption 245
4.3.9 Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Adoptionsbiografie 247
4.3.10 Der Rückblick auf die Adoptionsgeschichte 250
4.3.11 Der persönliche Anteil am Verlauf der Adoptionsgeschichte 250
4.3.12 Ergänzung persönlich wichtiger Inhalte der Probanden 252
5. Zusammenfassung 255
5.1 Tendenz der Lebensthemen adoptierter Menschen 258
5.1.1 Wissen und darüber sprechen 258
5.1.2 Was kann das Umfeld tun? 259
5.1.3 Welche Adoptiveltern wünschen sich die Adoptierten? 261
5.1.4 Kontakt zur Herkunftsfamilie - ja oder nein? 263
5.1.5 Der Umgang mit der Adoptionsgeschichte 265
5.2 Der Versuch einer Integration 270
Literaturverzeichnis 274
Tabellenverzeichnis: 328
Anlage 1: Fragebogen 331
Anlage 2: Reformbestrebungen zum Adoptionswesen in Deutschland 357
46
Faix, Tobias. "Wer sagen die Leute, wer ich bin? Eine qualitative Erhebung zur Gottesvorstellung bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Eine Studie aus der sicht empirischer Missionswissenschaft = Who do people say that I am? A qualitative research of the image of God among German youth. A study from the perspective of empirical Missiology." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/901.
Full textAbstract:
Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit unternimmt den Versuch, einen konzeptionellen
Entwurf einer empirischen Missionswissenschaft als Grundlagenforschung zu
entwickeln, der im Praxisfeld durchgeführt wird. Dabei soll die intradisziplinäre
Vorgehensweise einen methodologischen Zugang sozialwissenschaftlicher
Methoden zur Missionswissenschaft möglich machen. Als Grundlage wird ein
Einblick in die sozialwissenschaftliche und missionswissenschaftliche Forschung
gegeben und daraus ein eigener, empirisch-theologischer Praxiszyklus entwickelt,
der die Methodologie der Untersuchung darstellt. Die inhaltliche Forschungsarbeit
fragt nach Gottesvorstellungen von Jugendlichen aus missionswissenschaftlicher
Sicht. Dabei wird die Möglichkeit missionarischer Begegnung und Ansprechbarkeit
von Jugendlichen im Kontext der kulturellen Veränderungen des postmodernen
Paradigmemwechsels beleuchtet. Die Frage, wie Gottesvorstellungen von
Jugendlichen gesellschaftlich geprägt und wie sich dies auf ihre Religiosität in
ihrem Alltag auswirkt, spielt in diesem Zusammenhang eine wichtige Rolle.
Deshalb wird nicht nur der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Thematik untersucht,
sondern 18 Jugendliche werden in Form von halbstandardisierten Interviews
qualitativ befragt und ihre Aussagen empirisch-missiologisch ausgewertet.
Die Thesis hat somit zweierlei Zielsetzungen: Zum einen geht es um eine
empirisch-theologische Studie zur Erforschung von Gottesvorstellung bei
Jugendlichen im Hinblick auf ihre missionarische Ansprechbarkeit. Zum anderen
zielt sie darauf ab, durch Umsetzung des empirisch-theologischen Praxiszyklus
einen Typus zu entwickeln, der auch künftig in der Missionswissenschaft für
empirisch-theologische Erhebungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Summary
The intention of this research project is to evolve a concept for empirical
missiology as a method of fundamental research and to apply it in practice.
Through the usage of an intradisciplinary approach, access to missiology via the
methodology of the social sciences is rendered possible. To establish a basis, an
insight into social as well as missiological research will be given, and an inherent,
empirical-theological praxis cycle will be developed. This praxis cycle is the
methodology of this research paper. Concerning content, this research paper
scrutinises the image of God held by juveniles from a missiological point of view. It
considers the missionary receptiveness of juveniles in the context of cultural
change in the postmodernist shift of paradigm.
In how far are juvenile concepts of God marked by the correspondent social
environment and does that have an impact on their everyday religious behaviour?
Consequently not only the current state of research will be evaluated but,
furthermore, the half-standardised qualitative interviews of 18 juveniles will be
enclosed and their answers analysed on an empirical- missiological basis.
Hence, this thesis has a twofold aim; one considers empirical-theological research
as a way of evaluating concepts of God among juveniles with regard to their
missionary receptiveness. The other implements the empirical-theological praxis
cycle aiming to develop a type which enables further empirical-theological
investigation in missilogy.Missiology
D.Th.
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Hashim, Che Gon. "Identifying predictors of postoperative persistent pain in women with breast cancer: assessments of investigative tools." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/162744.
Full textAbstract:
Persistent pain after surgery in breast cancer has a significant
impact on the patient’s survival. The value of escalating
research on breast cancer in Malaysia cannot be underestimated.
However, it is not known how many of these women experience
persistent pain after surgery. This study surveyed previously
unknown figures on prevalence, and explored the predictive
factors of persistent pain women with breast cancer in Malaysia.
There were three objectives. First, to assess the reliability of
the already established investigative tools, namely, the Brief
Pain Inventory, Distress Thermometer, and Resilience scale RS-14;
second, to survey the prevalence of persistent pain; and thirdly
to identify predictors of persistent pain in women after breast
surgery, using the above measures. A test and retest design with
no intervention and a recall period of 3 to 7 days was employed
for assessment of the investigative tools. A cross-sectional
study, with a prospective, correlational design, a retrospective
review of medical records was used to identify predictors of
persistent pain. These investigations were conducted in two
phases –Section A and Section B – using separate data sets,
with different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants
were recruited from the University of Malaya Medical Centre,
Malaysia. Descriptive statistics, a stepwise regression model for
reliability testing, Cronbach alpha, and factor analysis were
used. This study divided pain into categories 0 = no pain, 1–4
= mild pain, 5–6 = moderate pain, and 7–10 = severe pain.
Section A: The tools were found reliable. Section B: A total of
123 participants were recruited; 119 participants remained
because 4 of them did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of
43% of the participants had persistent pain (n = 51). Pain
interfered with their work, mood, and sleep. Based on a “Yes”
answer for pain today (n = 51), data were analysed to determine
predictors. The results revealed three predictors: distress, B =
–.911, resilience, B = –.444, and pain interference, B =
.309. The model was statistically significant, F (3, 41, 44) =
13.827, R2 = 0.267, .381, .467), and adjusted R2 = .250, .351,
.467, p = 0.001. Significant P value ≤ .005. Pain prevalence
was 43% in this Malaysian population. This study provided
empirical evidence which is an important new knowledge to health
care systems, health care providers, policy makers, and future
research. The impact of persistent pain on work, mood, and sleep
are justifiable medical concerns. The results obtained and
identified predictors are catalysts for providing extra support
for breast cancer women after surgery. Ideally, all women with
breast cancer should have very good life satisfaction.