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Journal articles on the topic 'Ichthyotoxic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Mardones, Jorge I. "Screening of Chilean fish-killing microalgae using a gill cell-based assay." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 48, no. 2 (2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol48-issue2-fulltext-2400.

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Fish-killing algal species are responsible for important global economic losses to the finfish industry. Chile is the world’s second-largest salmon exporter, and fish-killing algal blooms have widely impacted its production in the last decades. The lack of standardized analytical methods to quantify and characterize the so-called “ichthyotoxins” has hindered our understanding of the underlying ichthyotoxic modes of action. The novel application of a highly sensitive and reproducible fish RTgill-W1 cell line-based assay has allowed significant progress in the field. In this study, the ichthyotoxic potency of the main microalgae species, which has been reported in fish-killing events in the historical Chilean monitoring programs, was assessed. The dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis was the most ichthyotoxic species against the RTgill-W1 (cell viability down to 8%), representing the major threat for the local salmon industry. In comparison, the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans were the least toxic (gill cell viability down to 81 and 89%, respectively). Importantly, ichthyotoxic flagellates were more toxic to fish gill cells upon rupture. These results have important implications for the mitigation and management of algal blooms by the salmon industry.

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2

ANDRADE, J. N., E. M. COSTA NETO, and H. BRANDÃO. "Using ichthyotoxic plants as bioinsecticide: A literature review." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 17, no. 4 (2015): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-084x/13_105.

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ABSTRACTSome ichthyotoxic plants are study object aiming to discover promising substances in the field of Biotechnology, in search of plant extracts which can be used or even transformed into natural insecticides. This paper presents a bibliographical survey in order to check the traditional use of ichthyotoxic plants as bioinsecticide. Among the plants identified as ichthyotoxic, the most cited in traditional use are those from the genera Derris, Serjania, Lonchocarpus, Magonia, and Tephrosia. The survey suggests that ichthyotoxic plant extracts can contain classes of chemical compounds such as isoflavonoids and tannins with a bioinsecticidal effect and, thus, they can be used in Biotechnology, contributing to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides that present a high toxicity level.

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3

Álvarez Arias, B. T. "Ichthyotoxic plants used in Spain." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73, no. 3 (2000): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00336-6.

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4

Sun, Yingying, Hui Li, Xiao Ma, et al. "Purification and Screening of the Antialgal Activity of Seaweed Extracts and a New Glycolipid Derivative against Two Ichthyotoxic Red Tide Microalgae Amphidinium carterae and Karenia mikimotoi." Marine Drugs 22, no. 6 (2024): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22060279.

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Ichthyotoxic red tide is a problem that the world is facing and needs to solve. The use of antialgal compounds from marine macroalgae to suppress ichthyotoxic red tide is considered a promising biological control method. Antialgal substances were screened and isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcate, Hizikia fusifarme, Laminaria japonica, Palmaria palmata, and Sargassum sp. to obtain new materials for the development of algaecides against ichthyotoxic red tide microalgae using bioactivity-guided isolation methods. The fractions of seven macroalgae exhibited selective inhibitory activities against Amphidinium carterae and Karenia mikimotoi, of which the ethyl acetate fractions had the strongest and broadest antialgal activities for the two tested red tide microalgae. Their inhibitory effects on A. carterae and K. mikimotoi were even stronger than that of potassium dichromate, such as ethyl acetate fractions of B. purpurea, H. fusifarme, and Sargassum sp. Thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy were further carried out to screen the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum sp. Finally, a new glycolipid derivative, 2-O-eicosanoyl-3-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-glycerol, was isolated and identified from Sargassum sp., and it was isolated for the first time from marine macroalgae. The significant antialgal effects of 2-O-eicosanoyl-3-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-glycerol on A. carterae and K. mikimotoi were determined.

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5

Gavagnin, Margherita, Aldo Spinella, Guido Cimino, and Guido Sodano. "Stereochemistry of ichthyotoxic diacylglycerols from opisthobranch molluscs." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 42 (1990): 6093–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98037-7.

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6

Lanzetta, Rosa, Giuseppe Lama, Giacomo Mauriello, Michelangelo Parrilli, Rocco Racioppi, and Guido Sodano. "Ichthyotoxic sesquiterpenes and xanthanolides from Dittrichia graveolens." Phytochemistry 30, no. 4 (1991): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95185-9.

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7

Cimino, G., A. Crispino, A. Spinella, and G. Sodano. "Two ichthyotoxic diacylglycerols from the opisthobranch mollusc." Tetrahedron Letters 29, no. 29 (1988): 3613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(88)85308-5.

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8

Rao, Koppaka V., and Richard Davies. "The Ichthyotoxic Principles of Zanthoxylum clava-herculis." Journal of Natural Products 49, no. 2 (1986): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50044a027.

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9

Iwagawa, Tetsuo, Shun Nakamura, Hiroaki Okamura, and Munehiro Nakatani. "Ichthyotoxic Cembranoids from the Soft Coral,Sarcophytonsp." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 69, no. 12 (1996): 3543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.3543.

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10

Ito, Hideyuki, Satomi Onoue, Yoko Miyake, and Takashi Yoshida. "Iridal-Type Triterpenoids with Ichthyotoxic Activity fromBelamcandachinensis." Journal of Natural Products 62, no. 1 (1999): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np980271b.

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11

Seoane, S., P. Riobó, and J. Franco. "Haemolytic activity in different species of the genus Prymnesium (Haptophyta)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 3 (2016): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001077.

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The genus Prymnesium includes several species that produce toxins with cytotoxic, ichthyotoxic, neurotoxic and haemolytic activity. Bloom episodes of Prymnesium species have been reported from several parts of the world (North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia), especially from temperate and subtropical regions and most of them from brackish waters. Blooms cause great economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries around the world. The ichthyotoxic and allelopathic effects of Prymnesium have been linked to the presence of Haemolysin 1, Prymnesins 1 and 2 and, more recently, fatty acids and fatty acid amides. The toxicology of this genus with regard to different growth conditions such as light, nutrients and other parameters has been well documented. It is unknown, however, whether different species and strains from the Prymnesium genus all produce the same types and level of toxins. In this study, we have determined the haemolytic activity of eight different strains from the genus Prymnesium in both exponential and stationary phases of growth. We have also evaluated the efficiency of the extraction solvent.

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12

A., K. Siddhanta, and Shanmugam M. "Metabolites of tropical marine algae of the family Codiaceae (Chlorophyta): chemistry and bioactivity." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Jul 1999 (1999): 323–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5848584.

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Marine Algae Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002, India <em>Manuscript received 31 March 1998, revised 30 November 1998, accepted 11 February 1999</em> The chemistry and bioactivity of metabolites produced by some Codiacean plants (Species of the genera : <em>Avrainvillea; Chlorodesmis; Codium; Halimeda; Penicillus; Rhipocephalus </em>and <em>Tydemania </em>and <em>Udotea) </em>have been reviewed. The metabolites isolated include halogenated compounds, terpenoids, oxygenated sterols, sulphated polysaccharides, proteoglycans and lectins; bioactivities such as antiviral (including anti-HIV), antibacterial, antifungal, ichthyotoxic, cytotoxic, antitumor, blood anticoagulant etc. have been reported.

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13

Kim, Tae, Tsutomu Hatano, Keinosuke Okamoto, et al. "Antifungal and Ichthyotoxic Sesquiterpenoids from Santalum album Heartwood." Molecules 22, no. 7 (2017): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071139.

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14

Okuda, R. K., and P. J. Scheuer. "Latrunculin-A, ichthyotoxic constituent of the nudibranchChromodoris elisabethina." Experientia 41, no. 10 (1985): 1355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01952094.

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15

Glasgow, H. B., J. M. Burkholder, S. L. Morton, and J. Springer. "A second species of ichthyotoxic Pfiesteria (Dinamoebales, Dinophyceae)." Phycologia 40, no. 3 (2001): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-234.1.

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16

Gavagnin, Margherita, Rosa Rita Vardaro, Conxita Avila, Guido Cimino, and Jesus Ortea. "Ichthyotoxic Diterpenoids from the Cantabrian Nudibranch Chromodoris luteorosea." Journal of Natural Products 55, no. 3 (1992): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50081a014.

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17

Ito, Hideyuki, Satomi Onoue, Yoko Miyake, and Takashi Yoshida. "Iridal-Type Triterpenoids with Ichthyotoxic Activity fromBelamcanda chinensis." Journal of Natural Products 62, no. 5 (1999): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np990054q.

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18

Baekman, J. C., D. Daloze, M. Kaisin, and B. Moussiaux. "Ichthyotoxic sesterterpenoids from the neo guinean sponge carteriospongia foliascens." Tetrahedron 41, no. 20 (1985): 4603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82355-3.

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19

Igarashi, Tomoji, Shiro Aritake, and Takeshi Yasumoto. "Mechanisms underlying the hemolytic and ichthyotoxic activities of maitotoxin." Natural Toxins 7, no. 2 (1999): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<71::aid-nt40>3.0.co;2-0.

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20

Singh, Kangjam Sonamani, and Athokpam Haribhushan. "Traditional Piscicidal Knowledge along the Chakpi River and other Water Bodies in Chandel District, Manipur State : Past and Present Scenario." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 1 (2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/jan_mar/86-91.

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The present study was undertaken with an aim to expound the various indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) practices centring around the stagnant or semi-stagnant water bodies in Chandel district of Manipur. The prevailing indigenous practices were considered and only three groups of indigenous practices were found to be rational in the present scenario which could be further assessed, documented and propagated for the benefit of farming community. The three group of indigenous practices involve the age-old methods of stupefying the fish in ponds or rivers using tree barks, roots and leaves of specific trees or plants having ichthyotoxic properties. Two filters were applied to identify the ITKs. The first filter being rationality therein only ITK practices having rationality score more than 2.4 being explained in the study. The second filter was mean perceived effectiveness index (MPEI). Of the 17 practices evaluated, 3 were rational (42.08%) while the remaining 14 were rejected as irrational (57.92%). The perceived effectiveness and adoption rate analysis of these age-old ITKs indicated that, the traditional use of stupefying barks was rated as rational (3.01), perceived as highly effective (2.60) and adopted by 78 per cent of the respondents whereas on the lower end, the method incorporating the juice extract of ichthyotoxic leaves was rated as rational (2.48), perceived as effective (1.9) and adopted by 48 per cent of respondents.

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21

Van de Putte, J. Argüello. "Toxic, Ichthyotoxic, Insect-Repellent, and Bee-Attractant Plants Used in the Serra Do AÇOr (Portugal)." Journal of Ethnobiology 25, no. 2 (2005): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771_2005_25_228_tiiabp_2.0.co_2.

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An ethnobotanical study was carried out in the Portuguese Serra do Açor, situated in the center region of Portugal amid the Serra da Estrela and the Serra da Lousa mountains, between January and June 2003. This work was based on 60 interviews with 30 inhabitants from 12 villages of this mountain chain who were acquainted with the uses of its vegetation. Information about 14 taxa with toxic, ichthyotoxic, insect-repellent, and bee-attractant uses was compiled, including their vernacular names, toxic principles, parts used, and preparations.

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22

Griffith, AW, and CJ Gobler. "Temperature controls the toxicity of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides." Marine Ecology Progress Series 545 (March 8, 2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11590.

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23

Ulrich, Gauthier Mayombo Mouele, Atteke Nkoulembene Christiane, Kokolo Bertrand, Lendzele Sevidzem Silas, and Ibrahim. "Ethnobotanical and ethno-pharmacological approach to ichthyotoxic plants of Gabon." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 16, no. 5 (2022): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmpr2022.7224.

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24

Cho, Eun-Seob, and Chang-Su Jeong. "Genetic Evolution and Characteristics of Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides(Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)." Journal of Life Science 17, no. 11 (2007): 1453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2007.17.11.1453.

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25

Capon, Robert J., and D. John Faulkner. "Herbasterol, an ichthyotoxic 9,11-secosterol from the sponge Dysidea herbacea." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 24 (1985): 4771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00224a023.

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26

Ismail, Intan Safinar, Hideyuki Ito, Teruo Mukainaka, et al. "Ichthyotoxic and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Triterpenoids from Sandoricum koetjape Bark." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 26, no. 9 (2003): 1351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1351.

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27

Soriente, Annunziata, Guido Sodano, K. Chase Reed, and Christopher Todd. "A New Ichthyotoxic Diacylglycerol from the Nudibranch Archidoris pseudoargus 1." Natural Product Letters 3, no. 1 (1993): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10575639308043834.

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28

Mallin, Michael A., JoAnn M. Burkholder, L. Michael Larsen, and Howard B. Glasgow. "Response of two zooptankton grazers to an ichthyotoxic estuarine dinoflagellate." Journal of Plankton Research 17, no. 2 (1995): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/17.2.351.

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29

Higuchi, Ryuichi, Tomofumi Miyamoto, Koji Yamada, and Tetsuya Komori. "Cytotoxic and ichthyotoxic compounds from marine Opisthobranchia and soft coral." Toxicon 36, no. 11 (1998): 1703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00163-9.

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30

Ortega, G. González, and E. P. Schenkel. "Ichthyotoxic activities of Ateleia glazioviana Baill. And Thinouia coriacea Britt." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 20, no. 2 (1987): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90081-x.

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31

Ndinga, Adrien Boika Mondzoi, Willy Lusasi Swan, Clément Munganga Kilingwa, Santos Kavumbu Mutanda, Victor Pwema Kiamfu, and Dieudonné Musibono Eyul’Anki. "Fishing techniques used for the exploitation of fish in the flooded swamp forest of the Lake Tumba micro-basin on the Mbandaka-Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF Mabali) road axis in Bikoro in the Equateur Province (R.D Congo)." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 10, no. 1 (2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v10i1.10825.

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The objective of this study was to inventory the different fishing techniques used for the exploitation of fish in the flooded swamp forest of the Lake Tumba micro-basin on the Mbandaka-Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF Mabali) road axis in Bikoro in the Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The exchange-based surveys were carried out using a pre-established survey form to exchange with the fishermen working in the different study sites in order to obtain the expected data. The harvesting of fish was done in a traditional manner using the different fishing gears and techniques used by the fishermen in the study area. The results obtained show that the majority of the fishing practices implemented in this area are not sustainable. In total, ten (10) fishing techniques were identified, among which five (5) easily provide fish, namely, creel fishing, scooping, fishing with ichthyotoxic plants, longline fishing and line fishing, which are the most used by the fishermen. Four fishing techniques (fishing with traditional traps, scooping, fishing with ichthyotoxic plants and fishing by weeding the areas) were considered non-selective and capable of creating an imbalance in the different aquatic ecosystems surveyed. This study contributes to the improvement of the knowledge on the exploitation of the animal biodiversity of the Democratic Republic of Congo, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the perpetuation of the knowledge of the local population whose obsolete character is not in doubt.Keywords: Bikoro; Fishing gear; Fishing techniques; Ichthyological fauna; R.D Congo

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32

Mondzoi Ndinga, Adrien Boika, Willy Lusasi Swana, Clément Munganga Kilingwa, Santos Kavumbu Mutanda, Victor Pwema Kiamfu, and Dieudonné Musibono Eyul’Anki. "Fishing techniques used for the exploitation of fish in the flooded swamp forest of the Lake Tumba micro-basin on the Mbandaka-Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF Mabali) road axis in Bikoro in the Equateur Province (R.D Congo)." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 10, no. 2 (2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v1i2.8758.

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The objective of this study was to inventory the different fishing techniques used for the exploitation of fish in the flooded swamp forest of the Lake Tumba micro-basin on the Mbandaka-Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF Mabali) road axis in Bikoro in the Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The exchange-based surveys were carried out using a pre-established survey form to exchange with the fishermen working in the different study sites in order to obtain the expected data. The harvesting of fish was done in a traditional manner using the different fishing gears and techniques used by the fishermen in the study area. The results obtained show that the majority of the fishing practices implemented in this area are not sustainable. In total, ten (10) fishing techniques were identified, among which five (5) easily provide fish, namely, creel fishing, scooping, fishing with ichthyotoxic plants, longline fishing and line fishing, which are the most used by the fishermen. Four fishing techniques (fishing with traditional traps, scooping, fishing with ichthyotoxic plants and fishing by weeding the areas) were considered non-selective and capable of creating an imbalance in the different aquatic ecosystems surveyed. This study contributes to the improvement of the knowledge on the exploitation of the animal biodiversity of the Democratic Republic of Congo, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the perpetuation of the knowledge of the local population whose obsolete character is not in doubt.Keywords: Fishing techniques, Fishing gear, Ichthyological fauna, Bikoro, D.R. Congo

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33

Noga, E., S. Smith, J. Burkholder, C. Hobbs, and R. Bullis. "A new ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate: cause of acute mortality in aquarium fishes." Veterinary Record 133, no. 4 (1993): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.133.4.96.

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34

Naar, Jerome P., Leanne J. Flewelling, Allison Lenzi, et al. "Brevetoxins, like ciguatoxins, are potent ichthyotoxic neurotoxins that accumulate in fish." Toxicon 50, no. 5 (2007): 707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.06.005.

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35

Braekman, J. C., D. Daloze, R. Bertau, and P. Macedo De Abreu. "Cavernosine, a Novel Ichthyotoxic Terpenoid Lactone from the Sponge Fasciospongia Cavernosa." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 91, no. 9 (2010): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19820910907.

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36

Har, Lee Wei, Khozirah Shaari, Lee Hong Boon, Fadzly A. Kamarulzaman, and Intan S. Ismail. "Two New Phloroglucinol Derivatives and Five Photosensitizing Pheophorbides from Syzygium polyanthum Leaves (Salam)." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 8 (2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700818.

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Two new phloroglucinol derivatives, identified as anthuminoate (1) and anthuminone (2), were isolated from the ichthyotoxic ethyl acetate fraction of Syzygium polyanthum leaves. In addition, bioassay-guided fractionation followed by dereplication of the photocytotoxic fraction of this plant part has resulted in the identification of five known pheophorbides as the bioactive constituents. The compounds were identified as pheophorbide-a, methyl pheophorbide-a, methyl hydroxypheophorbide-a, pheophorbide-b and hydroxypheophorbide-b. Inhibition of cell viability shown by the compounds ranged from 83.3 to 86.1% at a test concentration of 5 μg/mL. This shows that Syzygium polyanthum leaves are a potential new source in the studies of photocytotoxicity for photodynamic therapy.

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37

Eschbach, E., U. John, M. Reckermann, AD Cembella, B. Edvardsen, and LK Medlin. "Cell cycle dependent expression of toxicity by the ichthyotoxic prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina polylepis." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 39 (2005): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame039085.

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38

Jingliang XU, Steven, Kin Chung HO, Doris Wai Ting AU, Francis Feng ZHANG, and Sam King Fung YIU. "The Tolerance of Rabbitfish Siganus oramin to the Ichthyotoxic Alga Chattonella marina." Journal of Marine Biology and Aquaculture 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2381-0750.17.1612.

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39

Marshall, J. A. "Photosynthesis does influence superoxide production in the ichthyotoxic alga Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae)." Journal of Plankton Research 24, no. 11 (2002): 1231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/24.11.1231.

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40

Cimino, Guido, Antonio Crispino, Margherita Gavagnin, et al. "Archidorin: A New Ichthyotoxic Diacylglycerol from the Atlantic Dorid Nudibranch Archidoris tuberculata." Journal of Natural Products 56, no. 9 (1993): 1642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50099a033.

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41

Orjala, Jimmy, Dale G. Nagle, Victor Hsu, and William H. Gerwick. "Antillatoxin: An Exceptionally Ichthyotoxic Cyclic Lipopeptide from the Tropical Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 31 (1995): 8281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00136a031.

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42

Uchio, Y., S. Eguchi, J. Kuramoto, M. Nakayama, and T. Hase. "Denticulatolide, an ichthyotoxic peroxide-containing cembranolide from the soft coral lobophytum denticulatum." Tetrahedron Letters 26, no. 37 (1985): 4487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88937-6.

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43

De Medeiros, Edna Faria, John M. Herbert, and Richard J. K. Taylorw. "The synthesis and absolute configuration of the novel ichthyotoxic diacylglycerol, umbraculumin a." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 41 (1990): 5843–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97973-5.

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44

Johnsen, Geir, Runar Dalløkken, Wenche Eikrem, Catherine Legrand, Jan Aure, and Hein Rune Skjoldal. "ECO-PHYSIOLOGY, BIO-OPTICS AND TOXICITY OF THE ICHTHYOTOXIC CHRYSOCHROMULINA LEADBEATERI (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)." Journal of Phycology 35, no. 6 (1999): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3561465.x.

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45

Xuan, Bich Huyen Nguyen, Tan Xuan Nguyen Thi, Su Tan Nguyen, David S. Goldfarb, M. Barry Stokes, and Rahmin A. Rabenou. "Ichthyotoxic ARF after fish gallbladder ingestion: a large case series from Vietnam." American Journal of Kidney Diseases 41, no. 1 (2003): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2003.50008.

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46

ITO, Hideyuki, Takashi MURANAKA, Kazuko MORI, et al. "Ichthyotoxic Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Dryopteris fragrans and Their Anti-tumor Promoting Activity." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 48, no. 8 (2000): 1190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.1190.

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Kim, Choong-Jae, Hak-Gyoon Kim, Chang-Hoon Kim, and Hee-Mock Oh. "Life cycle of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Korean coastal waters." Harmful Algae 6, no. 1 (2007): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2006.07.004.

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Macías-de la Rosa, Adrián, Miguel Ángel González-Cardoso, María del Carmen Cerón-García, et al. "Bioactives Overproduction through Operational Strategies in the Ichthyotoxic Microalga Heterosigma akashiwo Culture." Toxins 15, no. 5 (2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050349.

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The red tide-forming microalga Heterosigma akashiwo has been associated with massive events of fish deaths, both wild and cultured. Culture conditions are responsible for the synthesis or accumulation of some metabolites with different interesting bioactivities. H. akashiwo LC269919 strain was grown in a 10 L bubble column photobioreactor artificially illuminated with multi-coloured LED lights. Growth and production of exopolysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and carotenoids were evaluated under different culture modes (batch, fed-batch, semicontinuous, and continuous) at two irradiance levels (300 and 700 µE·s−1·m−2). Continuous mode at the dilution rate of 0.2·day−1 and 700 µE·s−1·m−2 provided the highest production of biomass, PUFAs (132.6 and 2.3 mg·L−1·day−1), and maximum fucoxanthin productivity (0.16 mg·L−1·day−1). The fed-batch mode accumulated exopolysaccharides in a concentration (1.02 g·L−1) 10-fold over the batch mode. An extraction process based on a sequential gradient partition with water and four water-immiscible organic solvents allowed the isolation of bioactive fucoxanthin from methanolic extracts of H. akashiwo. Metabolites present in H. akashiwo, fucoxanthin and polar lipids (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)), or probably such as phytosterol (β-Sitosterol) from other microalgae, were responsible for the antitumor activity obtained.

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Kalinin, Vladimir I., Alexandra S. Silchenko, Sergey A. Avilov, and Valentin A. Stonik. "Progress in the Studies of Triterpene Glycosides From Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) Between 2017 and 2021." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 10 (2021): 1934578X2110539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211053934.

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Abstract:

Structural diversity of triterpene glycosides produced by sea cucumbers or holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) is extremely high, although all of them are either lanostane derivatives or, rarely, products of their molecular rearrangements. The majority of them are holostane derivatives possessing an 18(20)-lanostane lactone as aglycone. They contain carbohydrate chains consisting of one to six monosaccharide units including sulfated ones. The glycosides demonstrate interesting biological activities, mainly caused by membranolytic action, namely cytotoxic, ichthyotoxic, antifungal, and hemolytic properties, as well as a series of additional effects at sub-toxic doses, including immunomodulatory, and cancer preventive. This review summarizes the literature data concerning structures and biological activities of all the new triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers during 2017 to 2021.

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Yokokawe, Fumiaki, and Takayuki Shioiri. "Total Synthesis of Antillatoxin, an Ichthyotoxic Cyclic Lipopeptide from Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 58, no. 7 (2000): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.58.634.

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