Academic literature on the topic 'ICL 2904 (Computer)'

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias occur in 1 in 3500 live births. Among the congenital diaphragmatic hernias, morgagni hernias are the rarest accounting for 2-3% of all diaphragmatic hernias. They occur through a congenital defect in the anterior part of the diaphragm just behind the sternum. In most cases the defect in the diaphragm is small and the patient may remain asymptomatic. The occurrence of obstruction or strangulation in these hernias is a rare occurrence. We report a rare case of right sided Morgagni hernia in a 14 years old boy who presented with features of subacute intestinal obstruction. Chest X-ray showed a large right sided diaphragmatic hernia with stomach and bowel loops compressing the right lung. A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan indicated large right sided diaphragmatic hernia containing gastric volvulus with twisted small bowel loops causing right lung collapse, and congenital anomalies of the right kidney and liver. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with an upper midline incision with reduction of hernia and primary repair of the diaphragmatic defect found in the anterior aspect of right diaphragm without placement of a mesh. An ICD was placed in right thoracic cavity to allow the lung to expand. Due to inadequate lung expansion a second ICD was placed in the right third intercostal space on the 9th post-operative day and removed on the 18th post-operative day. Patient was discharged with a single ICD on 20th post-operative day which was removed on first follow up. Patient was asymptomatic and recovered well subsequently.

The paper discusses the distribution of porosity of the unconsolidated part of the keel of ten first-year ice ridges investigated in the central Arctic basin and the Shokalsky Strait (Severnaya Zemlya) in 2012–2019. These studies were performed using thermal drilling with the computer (logger) recording of penetration rate. Boreholes were drilled along the cross-section of the ridge crest, mainly at 0.25-m intervals. The porosity values for the unconsolidated part of the keel are presented on the diagram as a point cloud. The horizontal position of the points is determined by the relative distance between the borehole and the point where the keel has the maximum draft. As moving away from this point, the average porosity of the unconsolidated part of the keel tends to increase. This feature is a consequence of the Archimedes force effect and agrees with the model of porosity changes from the theory of granular media.

International audience Let $[u,v]$ be a Bruhat interval and $B(u,v)$ be its corresponding Bruhat graph. The combinatorial and topological structure of the longest $u-v$ paths of $B(u,v)$ has been extensively studied and is well-known. Nevertheless, not much is known of the remaining paths. Here we describe combinatorial properties of the shortest $u-v$ paths of $B(u,v)$. We also derive the non-negativity of some coefficients of the complete mcd-index of $[u,v]$. Soit $[u,v]$ un intervalle de Bruhat et $B(u,v)$ le graphe de Bruhat associé. La structure combinatoire et topologique des plus longs chemins de $u$ à $v$ dans $B(u,v)$ est bien comprise, mais on sait peu de chose des autres chemins. Nous décrivons ici les propriétés combinatoires des plus courts de chemins de $u$ à $v$. Nous prouvons aussi que certains coefficients du mcd-indice complet de $[u,v]$ sont positifs.

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend functional assessment in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) to guide further treatment. Computed tomography fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) has been proposed for non-invasive assessment of stable CAD. A cutoff value of FFRCT ≥0.8 has been shown cost-effective, and allowing to avoid inappropriate invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, no results from real-life hospital registries have been reported yet. Purpose We aimed to compare the impact of FFRCT with conventional coronary CT angiography (CTA) for detecting obstructive CAD in the daily practice of a tertiary referral hospital. Methods Patients referred to CTA for suspected CAD between 2013 and 2017 were included. FFRCT analysis was introduced in 2015 and performed at the discretion of the radiologist by Heartflow Inc. FFRCT was considered abnormal if FFR was <0.8 in at least one of 3 main vessels. Obstructive CAD was defined on both CTA and ICA by the presence of a stenosis ≥50% in at least one of 3 main vessels, or an invasive FFR<0.8. Propension to perform a FFRCT was modeled, based on gender, cardiovascular risk factors, completion of stress test and echocardiography and presence of a lesion of more than 50% stenosis on CTA. A logistic regression adjusted for the propensity score was then performed on the use of ICA, the presence of significant CAD on ICA and revascularization rate either by PCI or CABG. Results 2906 patients (50% of male, 56±12) were included in this registry. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking were present in respectively 12.3, 30.5, 27.5 and 9% of patients. A stress ECG and a transthoracic echo were obtained in respectively 37.1 and 49% of patients. FFRCT was performed in 757 (26%) and was abnormal in 323 (42.7%) of the patients. An ICA was performed in 622 (21.4%) patients and was abnormal in 292 (46.9%). After propensity score weighting, FFRCT was associated with an increase in ICA (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.02, p<0.01). There were no significant changes regarding ICA showing obstructive CAD with FFRCT (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.78–1.66, p=0.5) but a trend towards an increase of revascularization (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 0.98–2.24, p=0.06). In patient undergoing an ICA, a FFRCT ≥0.8 was decreasing the presence of significant CAD (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16–0.48, p<0.001), whereas a FFRCT <0.8 increased the rate of revascularization (OR=24.7, 95% CI: 12.3–49.7, p<0.001). Conclusion These real life data showed that, adding FFRCT to conventional CTA, and interpreting only the numerical values of FFRCT, would increase the use of ICA in patients suspected of CAD. A trend towards an increase in revascularization was also observed. Therefore, another index than the minimal FFRCT should be used to improve discrimination regarding the presence of obstructive CAD. However, normal values of FFRCT were strong predictors of the absence of significant CAD, and abnormal values of FFRCT for the need of a revascularization.

The Smart Grid will incorporate computer networking technologies into the electrical generation, transmission, and distribution sectors. Thus, there will be an underlying Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) based on these network connections. This CII is vulnerable to traditional cyber or computer based attacks typically geared toward disabling devices or networks. However, the Smart Grid is also vulnerable to physical attacks where sensors are tricked into reporting false conditions that cause the control system to react in an inappropriate manner. Cyber-physical attacks blending both cyber and physical attack components are also a possibility. Techniques to model cyber-attacks exist, and this chapter presents a modeling methodology, termed hybrid attack graphs, to model cyber-physical attacks. The hybrid attack graph formalism can be applied to develop best practice guidelines and security patches for the Smart Grid. This formalism can also be applied to other cyber-physical domains as well to help bridge the gap between the physical, logical, and network domains.