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1
Zusman, Tal, Gal Yerushalmi, and Gil Segal. "Functional Similarities between the icm/dot Pathogenesis Systems of Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 7 (July 2003): 3714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.7.3714-3723.2003.
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ABSTRACT Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, is an obligate intracellular pathogen, whereas Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is a facultative intracellular pathogen. During infection of humans both of these pathogens multiply in alveolar macrophages inside a closed phagosome. L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication was shown to be dependent on the icm/dot system, which probably encodes a type IV-related translocation apparatus. Recently, genes homologous to all of the L. pneumophila icm/dot genes (besides icmR) were found in C. burnetii. To explore the similarities and differences between the icm/dot pathogenesis systems of these two pathogens, interspecies complementation analysis was performed. Nine C. burnetii icm homologous genes (icmT, icmS, icmQ, icmP, icmO, icmJ, icmB, icmW, and icmX) were cloned under regulation of the corresponding L. pneumophila icm genes and examined for the ability to complement L. pneumophila mutants with mutations in these genes. The C. burnetii icmS and icmW homologous genes were found to complement the corresponding L. pneumophila icm mutants to wild-type levels of intracellular growth in both HL-60-derived human macrophages and Acanthamoeba castellanii. In addition, the C. burnetii icmT homologous gene was found to completely complement an L. pneumophila insertion mutant for intracellular growth in HL-60-derived human macrophages, but it only partially complemented the same mutant for intracellular growth in A. castellanii. Moreover, as previously shown for L. pneumophila, the proteins encoded by the C. burnetii icmS and icmW homologous genes were found to interact with one another, and interspecies protein interaction was observed as well. Our results strongly indicate that the Icm/Dot pathogenesis systems of C. burnetii and L. pneumophila have common features.
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Gal-Mor, Ohad, Tal Zusman, and Gil Segal. "Analysis of DNA Regulatory Elements Required for Expression of the Legionella pneumophilaicm and dot Virulence Genes." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 3823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.14.3823-3833.2002.
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ABSTRACT To investigate the regulation of the Legionella pneumophila icm and dot genes required for intracellular growth, a series of nine icm::lacZ fusions were constructed. These icm::lacZ fusions were found to have different levels of expression in L. pneumophila, and five of them were more highly expressed at stationary phase than at exponential phase. When the expression of these fusions in Escherichia coli was tested, all of them were found to be expressed but three of them had dramatic changes in their levels of expression in comparison to those in L. pneumophila. Site-directed and PCR random mutagenesis with these icm::lacZ fusions was used to identify DNA regulatory elements of icm genes. Four icm genes (icmT, icmP, icmQ, and icmM) that had low levels of expression in L. pneumophila were found to contain a 6-bp sequence (TATACT) essential for their expression. This sequence was shown by primer extension to serve as their −10 promoter elements. A similar sequence, which constitutes the −10 promoter elements of the icmV, icmW, and icmR genes which had high levels of expression in L. pneumophila, was also identified. In addition, regulatory elements that probably serve as binding sites for transcription regulators were found in these genes. Altogether, 12 regulatory elements, 7 of which constitute the −10 promoter elements of the icm genes, were found. Even though all the icm and dot genes are part of one system required for L. pneumophila intracellular growth and even though their promoters are probably recognized by the vegetative sigma factor, it seems that they are subjected to different regulation mediated by several regulatory factors.
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Purcell, Mary, and Howard A. Shuman. "The Legionella pneumophila icmGCDJBFGenes Are Required for Killing of Human Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 2245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.5.2245-2255.1998.
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ABSTRACT Previously, a collection of mutants of Legionella pneumophila that had lost the ability to multiply within and kill human macrophages was generated by Tn903dIIlacZ transposon mutagenesis and classified into DNA hybridization groups. A subset of these mutants was complemented by a plasmid, pMW100, containing a 13.5-kb genomic DNA insert. This plasmid restored the ability to multiply within and produce cytopathic effects on human macrophages to members of DNA hybridization groups II, IV, VI, and XVII. A region of the genomic insert of pMW100 was sequenced, and eight potential genes were identified and named icmE,icmG, icmC, icmD, icmJ,icmB, icmF, and tphA. None of the genes encode potential protein products with significant homology to previously characterized proteins, except for tphA, whose product has significant homology to a family of metabolite/H+ symport proteins from gram-negative bacteria. The positions of the Tn903dIIlacZ insertions within the genes were determined by nucleotide sequencing. No Tn903dIIlacZ insertions mapped toicmG, icmJ, or tphA; therefore, these loci were mutated to test whether they were required for macrophage killing. Complementation analysis was used to evaluate the roles of the potential gene products and provide information on the organization of transcriptional units within the region. The results indicate that all identified open reading frames excepttphA are required for killing of human macrophages.
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Kim, Hye Sook, Myung Ho Jeong, Hyun Ju Yoon, Yongcheol Kim, Seok-Joon Sohn, Min Chul Kim, Doo Sun Sim, et al. "Predictors of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Korean Journal of Medicine 95, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2020.95.3.188.
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Background/Aims: Many patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suffer from heart failure due to progressive ischemic left ventricular (LV) remodeling. This study investigated the predictors of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) in patients with AMI who underwent successful percutaneous intervention.Methods: A total of 547 patients with AMI were divided into two groups: ICMP (n = 66, 67.1 ± 11.9 years, 78.8% males) and non-ICMP (n = 481, 62.5 ± 12.2 years, 70.1% males).Results: On echocardiography, the LVEF was significantly decreased (41.7 ± 10.5 vs. 55.4 ± 10.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but the LV end-diastolic (54.1 ± 7.2 vs. 49.3 ± 5.3 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and systolic (42.1 ± 8.0 vs. 33.5 ± 6.0 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001) dimensions significantly increased in the ICMP group compared with the non-ICMP group. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, LVEF < 50% (odds ratio [OR] 8.722, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.986–25.478, <i>p</i> < 0.001), LV end-diastolic dimension > 55 mm (OR 4.511, 95% CI 1.561–13.038, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/e’) ≥ 15 (OR 3.270, 95% CI 1.168–9.155, <i>p</i> = 0.024) were independent predictors of ICMP development.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that a larger LV size, lower LV function, and increased E/e’ (≥ 15) were independent predictors of ICMP. Therefore, the development of ICMP should be carefully monitored in AMI patients with these features.
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Myasoedova, E. I. "Effect of Concomitant Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Markers of Collagen Metabolism in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease." Kardiologiia 59, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.5.10250.
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Aim. To study parameters of collagen myocardial metabolism in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) and to assess the effect of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on their levels.Materials and methods. We examined 130 patients with ICMP (mean age 55.5 [43; 63] years) and 42 patients with ICMP and COPD (mean age 54.8 [41; 63] years). Determination of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and autoantibodies to collagen types I and III was carried out with the help of commercial test systems based on the method of solidphase enzyme immunoassay. Calculation of the volume fraction of interstitial collagen (VFIC) of the myocardium was carried out by the method of J. Shirani.Results. In patients with ICMP combined with COPD, as well as in patients with ICMP we found disbalance in the metabolism of collagen of the extracellular matrix. At the same time, in patients with ICMP+COPD, processes of collagen degradation at the background of extracellular matrix fibrosis were found to be even more pronounced than in patients with ICMP. This was evidenced by the absence of statistically significant differences in the myocardial VFIC (p=0.703), and the level of TGF-β1 (p=0.074), as well as statistically significant higher activity of MMP-1 (p=0.037), MMP-1 / TIMP-1 ratio (p=0.045), and production of autoantibodies to collagen types I and III (p=0.042, p=0.039, respectively).Conclusion. The presence of COPD in patients with ICMP is associated with increased disbalance of the proteolysis-antiproteolysis system in the direction of collagen breakdown that can lead to more pronounced structural changes of the myocardium, and, as consequence, to aggravate functional impairment of the organ.
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Myasoedova, E. I., Yu G. Schwarz, O. S. Polunina, and L. P. Voronina. "Influence of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on left ventricular-arterial interaction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-2-38-43.
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Aim. To assess the influence of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).Material and methods. We examined 130 patients with ICMP and 42 patients with ICMP and COPD. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography using the MyLab 70 (Italy) according standard method, followed by calculation of the left ventricular-arterial interaction and left ventricular (LV) energy. Statistical data processing was performed using the program “Statistica 12.0” (Stat Soft, Inc., USA).Results. We found that patients with isolated ICMP and in combination with COPD often have a functional imbalance between the activity of LV and arterial system, as evidenced by an increase in the left ventricular-arterial interaction ratio. The increase in the left ventricular-arterial interaction ratio is due to an insufficient increase in left ventricular stiffness, but not a change in the elastic properties of the arterial system. This is indicated by a pronounced decrease in left ventricular elasticity against the background of the relative constancy of arterial elasticity. At the same time, in patients with ICMP and COPD we detected significantly more severe impairment in the parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction and LV energy than in isolated pathology.Conclusion. The presence of COPD in patients with ICMP allows us to consider it as a significant negatively modifying factor that has a negative impact on the functionality of LV and parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction.
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Chumakova, Svetlana P., Vladimir M. Shipulin, Olga I. Urazova, Darya A. Pogonchenkova, Maria V. Vince, Andrew S. Pryakhin, Yulia V. Kolobovnikova, Elena G. Churina, and Vyacheslav V. Novitskiy. "Ischemic cardiomyopathy: blood monocytes and mediators of their differentiation." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 74, no. 6 (January 21, 2020): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn1185.
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BACKGROUND: The three-year survival rate of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) is 535 %; its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Violation of cytokine-dependent differentiation of monocytes/macrophages involved in atherogenesis may play an important role in the development of ICMP.
AIMS: To characterize the disorders of monocytes subpopulation composition and mediators spectrum of blood in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), associated with the development of ICMP.
METHODS: A one-stage, clinical, controlled (case-control) study was conducted from February 2017 to December 2018. 45 patients with CHD (all men), who were in a cardiac surgery hospital, were examined before coronary bypass surgery: 19 people suffering from ICMP, and 26 people who do not suffer from ICMP, as well as 14 healthy men. In the blood of the examined individuals CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++ and CD14+CD16- monocytes were determined with respect to all CD14-positive cells by flow cytometry, in blood plasma ― concentration of galectin 2 and 9, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-, M-CSF, HIF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The development of the ICMP accompanied by deficiency of HIF-1 and CD14+CD16++ monocytes (0.037 [0.020; 0.045] ng/ml, p = 0.019, and 5.05 [4.08; 6.58] %, p = 0.011) in combination with an excess of IL-10 (30.05 [24.75; 33.50] ng/ml, p = 0.042) in the blood. It is shown in blood of patients without ischemic cardiomyopathy the increase in the content of CD14++CD16+ cells and lack of CD14+CD16- monocytes (25.27 [15.78; 31.39] %, p = 0.038, and 2.68 [2.63; 4.09] %, p = 0.027) at normal concentration of IL-10 and HIF-1. In patients with CHD and ischemic cardiomyopathy and without ICMP in the blood the concentration of M-CSF and galectin-2 (2.00 [1.21; 3.24] pg/ml, p = 0.028, and 0.40 [0.12; 2.37] ng/ml, p = 0.004; 3.00 [1.90; 4.05] pg/ml, p = 0.003, and 3.20 [2.07; 4.00] ng/ml, p = 0.002, respectively) is reduced at normal content of galectin-9, and CD14++CD16- monocytes. IL-4 and IFN- in blood plasma are not determined (zero values).
CONCLUSIONS: The development of ICMP is associated with excess of IL-10 and HIF-1 deficiency, which is accompanied by inhibition of CD14+CD16++ monocytes maturation.
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Chepurnaya, A. N., G. Sh Safuanova, V. I. Nikulicheva, T. Y. Lekhmus, and A. R. Rakhmatullina. "ERYTHROCYTOSES IN PATIENTS WITH DILATED AND ISHAEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-222-227.
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The aim of research was to evaluate the impact of erythrocytoses on processes of cardiovascular system’s remodelling in patients with dilated and ishaemic cardiomyopathies. 35 (42,2%) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) with erythrocytoses, 19 (23,5%) without erythrocytosis, 34 (28,4%) patients with ishaemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) with erythrocytosis and 50 (60,1%) without erythrocytosis were included in the study. It has been established that erythrocytoses don’t wield major influence on the heart’s haemodynamics, they appear as a consequence of main diseases and not as their reason, which confirms the domination of congestive heart failure’s signs of III-IV stages. In patients with DCMP and ICMP signs of tissue hypoxia were established as well as oxygen reduction in arterial blood to 60,70 ± 1,24 mm Hg in cases of DCMP and 59,60 ± 1,24 mm Hg in cases of ICMP (in verification 75,44 ± 0,93) - p ˂ 0,001. Arguably, erythrocytoses in cases of DCMP and ICMP are a consequence of congestive heart failure, leading to hypoxic erythrocytosis.
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علي حسين, نصير. "خوارزمية اكتشاف لدودة الانترنت الماسحة التي تستخدم بروتوكول الرسائل المسيطرة للانترنت." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 18 (January 19, 2018): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss18.301.
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دودة الإنترنت هو نوع من البرمجيات الخبيثة (البرامج الضارة) التي تكرر نفسها عن طريق توزيع نسخ من نفسها إلى الشبكة. تقوم دودة الإنترنت بهجمات على الضحايا ذات وجهات مختلفة عن طريق بروتوكول الإنترنت والذي يدعم ثلاثة بروتوكولات رئيسية هي TCP و UDP و ICMP حسب بروتوكول النقل و التحكم. هذا البحث يتناول تصميم خوارزمية التي تركز على هجوم المسح ICMP فقط. ان فحص المسح بتركيز على البروتوكولات المختلفة بخوارزمية محددة تجعل من الصعب الكشف عن الدودة, هناك عدة طرق لاكتشاف دودة الإنترنت. معظم هذه الطرق تعتمد على المسح العام للكشف والتي يطلق عليها في هذا البحث مختصر (GPSD), وهذا البحث ركز على أسلوب السلوكية لدودة الإنترنت عندما تستخدم ICMP للمسح واكتشاف الحاسبة الضحية بتركيز على الفشل الاتصال الذي يحدث عند استخدام هكذا نوع من المسح. ولكن تقنية GPSD ركزت على اتصال الفشل العام التي يتم تلقي من بروتوكولات مختلفة، وعندما تم مقارنة GPSD والخوارزمية المقترحة في هذا البحث تبين ان الخوارزمية المقترحة لكشف المسح باستخدام ICMP هو اسرع من الاسلوب الذي يعتمد على .GPSD
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Sheu, Shih-Yi, Ming-Hui Chen, Wendy Y. Y. Liu, Mitchell Andrews, Euan K. James, Julie K. Ardley, Sofie E. De Meyer, et al. "Burkholderia dipogonis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Dipogon lignosus in New Zealand and Western Australia." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_12 (December 1, 2015): 4716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000639.
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Seven strains, ICMP 19430T, ICMP 19429, ICMP 19431, WSM4637, WSM4638, WSM4639 and WSM4640, were isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of the invasive South African legume Dipogon lignosus (subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Phaseoleae) in New Zealand and Western Australia, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by using a polyphasic approach. All seven strains grew at 10–37 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and with 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of NaCl). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains showed 99.0–99.5 % sequence similarity to the closest type strain, Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJNT, and 98.4–99.7 % sequence similarity to Burkholderia caledonica LMG 19076T. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (21.0 % of the total fatty acids in strain ICMP 19430T), C16 : 0 (19.1 %), C17 : 0 cyclo (18.9 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 10.7 %) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (7.5 %). The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content of strain ICMP 19430T was 63.2 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness of the novel strains with respect to the closest neighbouring members of the genus Burkholderia was 55 % or less. On the basis of 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence similarities and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, these strains represent a novel symbiotic species in the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia dipogonis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain ICMP 19430T ( = LMG 28415T = HAMBI 3637T).
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Sahren, Sahren. "IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI FIREWALL SEBAGAI KEAMANAN SERVER DARI SYN FLOOD ATTACK." JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi) 7, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v7i2.933.
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Abstract: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the centralized academic information system is very vulnerable to various forms of attacks, such as SYN Flood, ICMP Flood, DoS, etc. This attack will cause the server to slow down, so that it takes a long time to access the application. For this reason, a method is needed so that server security is guaranteed. The method used is packet filtering firewall. The results obtained from this study can improve server security and capturing traffic that leads to the server. So this method can be used to increase security on the server. Keywords: DoS; Firewall; ICMP Flood; Packet Filtering; SYN Flood; Server Abstrak: Dimasa pandemi Covid-19 saat ini sistem informasi akademik secara terpusat sangat rawan terhadap berbagai bentuk serangan, seperti SYN Flood, ICMP Flood, DoS, dll. Serangan ini akan mengakibatkan server menjadi lambat, sehingga lama dalam mengakses aplikasi. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan suatu metode agar keamanan server lebih terjamin. Metode yang digunakan adalah packet filtering firewall. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat meningkatan kemanan server dan capturing traffic yang mengarah kepada server. Sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keamanan pada server. Kata kunci: DoS; Firewall; ICMP Flood; Packet Filtering; SYN Flood; Server
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Srikanth*, P., S. Pallam Shetty, and K. Venkata Krishna R. "Taguchi Approach for Determining the Most Essential Aspect in Enhancing the RPL Performance." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (August 30, 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9412.08101021.
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Wireless Networks to support real time communication is a challenging issue due to limited bandwidth and limited energy. Internet a best-effort model with IPv4 have complication in handling the limited network connections. To prune the network connection problem IPv6 a QoS model has been incorporated. IPv6 implementation using internet over various devices/things connected wirelessly is Internet Of Things(IOT). RPL a routing protocol best suits for IOT communication needs to implement best effort model with ICMP highly adaptable for IPv4. A series of experiments have been conducted on Cooja simulator to analyse for enhancement for QoS parameters metric on RPL Routing Protocol. The experimental results yields that no of nodes, Tx Ratio, ICMP intervals and ICMP interval are four factor having an remarkable influence on the QoS Metric of RPL routing protocol. A Design of experiments have been conducted to an optimum level using the Taguchi approach to pick out the most influential factor among the four factors. Taguchi experimental analysis revealed that ICMP time interval as most significant factor for QoS metric in RPL routing protocol for minimizing the energy consumption and enhancing the network lifetime.
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Szkil, Andrea M. "Its like every other job: a consideration of forensic specialists professional identities in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 1 (2016): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.2.1.6.
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The subject of forensic specialist‘s work with human remains in the aftermath of conflict has remained largely unexplored within the existing literature. Drawing upon anthropological fieldwork conducted from 2009–10 in three mortuary facilities overseen by the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), this article analyses observations of and interviews with ICMP forensic specialists as a means of gaining insight into their experiences with the remains of people who went missing during the 1992–95 war in BiH. The article specifically focuses on how forensic specialists construct and maintain their professional identities within an emotionally charged situation. Through analysing forensic specialists encounters with human remains, it is argued that maintaining a professional identity requires ICMP forensic specialists to navigate between emotional attachment and engagement according to each situation.
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Shlevkov, N. B., A. A. Zhambeev, A. Z. Gasparyan, V. N. Shitov, and O. V. Stukalova. "Characteristic of fibrotic myocardial lesions associated with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890942-47.
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Aim. To identify the features of myocardial scar and fibrosis associated with the occurrence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) in high-risk patients with ischemic (ICMP) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP). Materials and methods. This prospective study included 50 patients (41 men, 9 women), age = 60 ± 13 years, 30 patients of them with ICMP and 20 patients with NICMP, who underwent echocardiography (Echo) and contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart followed by implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) or resynchronizing devices with defibrillator (CPTD) to prevent sudden cardiac death. Results. Sustained VTs were reported in 20/30 (67%) patients with ICMP and in 5/20 (25%) patients with NICMP on follow-up [26 (22-37) months]. Successive univariate and ROC-analyses of Echo and MRI-indices between patients with and without recurrence of VTs found different results for ICMP and NICMP patients groups. In ICMP patients the VTs were associated with wide transmural fibrosis on contrast MRI that covered 3 or more segments of left ventricular. These segments were preferably localized in the middle parts of the inferior and inferolateral segments of the left ventricle. The independent predictors of VTs in NICMP patients were non-transmural fibrosis at 4.5% of the left ventricular mass by contrast MRI as well as low left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 26%) by Echo. Conclusion. To determine the indications for implantation of the ICD and CRTD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, it is advisable to take into account not only the value of ejection fraction of left ventricular, but also the features of the fibrosis of the left ventricle by contrast MRI of the heart.
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NUGROHO, KUKUH, and AHMAD YOGI KURNIAWAN. "Uji Performansi Jaringan menggunakan Kabel UTP dan STP." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 5, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v5i1.48.
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ABSTRAKUnshield Twisted Pair (UTP) dan Shield Twisted Pair (STP) merupakan tipe kabel untuk menghubungkan antar komputer sehingga dapat membentuk sebuah jaringan. Secara teori, maksimal panjang kabel yang diperbolehkan adalah 100 meter. Namun secara praktik, belum pernah diujikan tentang jarak maksimal antar dua komputer yang diperbolehkan ketika pilihan media menggunakan kabel UTP atau STP. Penelitian ini akan menguji performansi jaringan dimana media yang digunakan adalah kabel UTP cat6 dan STP cat5. Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mengirimkan paket ICMP. Pada saat pengujian, ukuran dari paket ICMP yang digunakan adalah sebesar 1000 Byte yang dikirimkan sebanyak 50 kali. Dengan menggunakan informasi paket ICMP Reply tersebut, kemudian diukur kinerja jaringan yang meliputi latency, throughput, dan packet loss. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai latency jika digunakan kabel STP lebih kecil sekitar 13% dari penggunaan kabel UTP. Namun untuk mencapai packet loss sebesar 0%, maksimal panjang kabel jika digunakan UTP cat6 adalah sebesar 256 meter, sedangkan untuk kabel STP lebih pendek yaitu sebesar 246 meter.Kata kunci: UTP, STP, latency, throughput, packet loss.ABSTRACTUnshield Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shield Twisted Pair (STP) are a cable type that used to connect between computers so that can build the network. Theoretically, the maximum cable length that allowed is 100 meters. However, in practice, it has never been tested about the maximum distance between two computers that allowed when media options used is UTP or STP cable. This research will be tested network performance when the media used is UTP cat6 and STP cat5. The testing process is done by sending ICMP packet. At the time of testing, the size of ICMP packet used is 1000 Bytes that is sent 50 times. By using information of ICMP "Reply" packet received by the sender computer, then it measures the network performance encompass latency, throughput, and packet loss. From the test results it is obtained that latency values if used STP cable is smaller about 13% than the use of UTP cable. However, to achieve packet loss close to the value of 0%, the maximum cable length when UTP Cat6 used is 256 meters, while shorter STP cable is equal to 246 meters.Keywords: UTP, STP, latency, throughput, packet loss.
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Tun, Thazin. "A Forensics Analysis of ICMP Flooded DDoS Attack using WireShark." Transactions on Networks and Communications 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 08–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tnc.83.8250.
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The usage of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) packets by the assailant may change and dependent on various sorts of administrations and protocols. A flooding DDoS attack depends on an immense volume of assault traffic which is named as a Flooding based DDoS packet. Flooding-based DDoS packet endeavors to block the injured individual's system transfer speed with genuine-looking however undesirable IP information. Because of which Legitimate IP packets can’t arrive at the unfortunate casualty in view of the absence of data transfer capacity asset. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Flood started by sending countless ICMP packets to a remote host. Thus, the deceived framework's assets will be devoured by taking care of the assaulting packets, which in the long run makes the framework be inaccessible by different customers. In this paper, we distinguish of ICMP Flood DDoS packet by utilizing WireShark.
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Prasetyo, Inung Bagus. "Analisa Sniffing Paket ICMP menggunakan Wireshark." SISTEMASI 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v8i1.339.
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Meningkatnya perkembangan teknologi komputer, telekomunikasi dan informasi yang sangat cepat, membuat kebutuhan manusia akan teknologi semakin meningkat juga. Kemudahan mengakses informasi, berkomunikasi, saling bertukar informasi sampai data pribadi tidak bisa dihindari. Hal ini menimbulkan kejahatan komputer dari orang ketiga yang ingin mendapatkan data milik orang lain. Sniffing adalah salah satu jenis kejahatan komputer yang sering dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi dari korban. Sniffing dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai cara, salah satunya yaitu dengan menggunakan software wireshark untuk merekam aktifitas sebuah jaringan komputer yang sedang diincar. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa informasi apa saja yang dapat diterima oleh wireshark ketika melakukan sebuah teknik kejahatan komputer sniffing, agar dapat dilakukan pengoptimalan kemanan jaringan untuk mencegah bocornya sebuah informasi atau data.
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Cristea, M., and B. Groza. "Fingerprinting Smartphones Remotely via ICMP Timestamps." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 6 (June 2013): 1081–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.040913.130419.
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Kaushik, Atul Kant, and R. C. Joshi. "Network Forensic System for ICMP Attacks." International Journal of Computer Applications 2, no. 3 (May 10, 2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/649-906.
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Shipulin, V. M., S. P. Chumakova, D. A. Pogonchenkova, O. I. Urazova, M. V. Vins, A. S. Pryakhin, and V. V. Novickiy. "Interleukin-10 and non-classical monocytes as biomarkers of ischemic cardiomyopathy." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 24, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2020-1-45-53.
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<p><strong>Background.</strong> Chronic heart failure frequently occurs against the background of ischemic heart disease (IHD), and has also been associated with the diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). While there are significant commonalities with respect to underlying mechanisms, it would be most important to identify differential diagnostic markers to facilitate diagnosis and verification at the early stages of disease.</p><p><strong>Aim.</strong> The intent of this study was to perform a quantitative assessment of non-classical monocytes in patients diagnosed with IHD with or without ICMP and to identify any relationships between non-classical monocytes and plasma concentrations of proinflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) cytokines.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> We examined 44 patients diagnosed with IHD, aged 49 - 63 years, with class II-III heart failure as per the New York Heart Association criteria. Of this group, 18 were also diagnosed with ICMP. The comparison group included 14 age-matched healthy controls. Percentages of non-classical (CD14+CD16+) monocytes in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry and the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Amongst the patients diagnosed with ICMP, the concentration of IL-10 in blood plasma was higher than in those without this diagnosis, detected at 30.05 pg/ml (range 24.75 - 33.50 pg/ml, р=0.0412); the percentage of non-classical monocytes was lower, at 5.05% (range 4.08 - 6.58%, р=0.0094). Amongst patients diagnosed with IHD without ICMP, these parameters were within normal limits. The plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-13 in both groups were comparable to values obtained from healthy donors and IL-4 was undetectable throughout. Amongst patients diagnosed with ICMP, plasma TNF-α was detected at elevated levels that were comparable to those determined for patients diagnosed with IHD without ICMP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Imbalance of cytokines in blood in patients with coronary artery disease is characterized by excess TNF-α, absence of IL-4, and normal levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-13, regardless of the type of ischemic myocardial injury. In patients with ICMP, we detected an overall decrease in the fraction of non-classical monocytes in association with an increase in plasma IL-10; these features were not detected in patients diagnosed with IHD without ICMP. As such, these biological responses may be used for timely diagnosis of ICMP.</p><p>Received 27 May 2019. Revised 7 October 2019. Accepted 30 October 2019.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The work is supported by grants of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-015-00160\19 and the President of the Russian Federation No. НШ-2690.2018.7 and No. МД-2788.2019.7.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Conception and study design: V.M. Shipulin, S.P. Chumakova</p><p>Data collection and analysis: V.M. Shipulin, S.P. Chumakova, O.I. Urazova, M.V. Vins, V.V. Novickiy</p><p>Literature review: S.P. Chumakova, D.A. Pogonchenkova, A.S. Pryakhin</p><p>Drafting the article: S.P. Chumakova, D.A. Pogonchenkova, O.I. Urazova</p><p>Critical revision of the article: V.M. Shipulin, V.V. Novickiy</p><p>Statistical analysis: S.P. Chumakova</p><p>Final approval of the version to be published: V.M. Shipulin, S.P. Chumakova, D.A. Pogonchenkova, O.I. Urazova, M.V. Vins, A.S. Pryakhin, V.V. Novickiy</p>
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Polunina, O. S., L. P. Voronina, G. N. Mukhambetova, G. Yu Maslyaeva, and P. N. Voronina. "Analysis of level of apoptosis markers in patients with coronary heart disease." Medical alphabet 4, no. 35 (January 21, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-35(410)-5-8.
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Objective. To study and analyze the level of markers of apoptosis of annexin A5 (AnxA5) and Bcl‑2 in patients with past myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP), depending on the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) of a constant form.Materials and methods. It were examined 43 patients with past MI and 47 patients with ICMP. All patients are divided into subgroups depending on the presence of AF of a constant form (patients with right heart rate and with AF a constant form). As a comparison group, 30 somatically healthy individuals were examined. Plasma levels of Bcl‑2 and AnxA5 in all examined individuals were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Statistically significant changes in the level of AnxA5 and Bcl‑2 were revealed in all examined patients compared with somatically healthy individuals. It was found that the level of AnxA5 was statistically significantly higher in patients with AF constant form compared with patients with right heart rate and statistically significantly higher in patients with ICMP in the corresponding subgroups (patients with right heart rate and AF constant form) compared with patients with MI. The level of Bcl‑2 was statistically significantly lower in patients with AF constant form compared with patients with right heart rate and statistically significantly lower in patients with ICMP in the corresponding subgroups (patients with the correct rhythm and AF constant form) compared with patients with MI. According to the results of the correlation analysis, statistically significant positive (AnxA5) and negative (Bcl‑2) correlations between the level of apoptosis markers and the duration in the history of AF of a constant form were revealed in all examined patients.Conclusion. More pronounced changes in the level of apoptosis markers were detected in patients with ICMP, compared with patients with previous MI in both the subgroup of patients with with right heart rate and the subgroup of patients with AF with a constant form. All the examined patients in the subgroup of patients with AF have a constant form, the severity of changes in the level of studied markers of apoptosis is higher than in patients in the subgroup with right heart rate. The results of the correlation analysis indicate the presence of correlations between the level of markers of apoptosis AnxA5 and Bcl‑2 and the duration of AF of a constant form in the anamnesis in patients with past MI and ICMP.
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Zhu, Na Fei, Yue Zhou, Wei Wang, and Li Lou. "Analysis of the Technologies for Host and Port Scanning." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4286.
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Host scanning and port scanning are the basis for attacking information system. The technologies commonly used in these scans can be classified as ICMP scanning, TCP scanning and UDP scanning. We analyze these technologies and make comparisons among them. Totally, ICMP are mainly used to discover the host, while the TCP and UDP are mainly for port scanning, except for ACK. At the same time, using certain special TCP datagram such as SYN packets and ACK packets, and UDP datagram, we can make a host scanning in a secret manner.
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Postol, A. S., N. M. Neminushchiy, G. N. Antipov, A. V. Ivanchenko, V. V. Lyashenko, A. B. Vygovsky, and Yu A. Shnejder. "The Necessity of an ICD-Therapy in Patients with Indications for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. One Center Experience." Kardiologiia 61, no. 4 (May 6, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1335.
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Aim Analysis of responses of cardioverter-defibrillators implanted in patients with cardiomyopathies (CMPs) of various origins and a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) to assess the effectiveness of a modern strategy for primary prevention of SCD.Material and methods In the Federal Center for High Medical Technologies in Kaliningrad from 2014 through 2018, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-D) were installed in 165 patients. Major indications for device implantation in these patients included left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction with ejection fraction (EF) ≤35 %; chronic heart failure (CHF) consistent with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (FC) II-III (IV for CRT-D) without previous episodes of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, circulatory arrest and resuscitation, which was consistent with the current international strategy for primary prevention of SCD. The study patients were divided into two groups based on the CMP origin; group 1 included 101 (61.2 %) patients with CMP of ischemic origin (ICMP) and group 2 consisted of 64 (38.8 %) patients with CMP of non-ischemic origin (NCMP). Information about arrhythmic episodes and device activation was retrieved from the device electronic memory during visits of patients to the clinic and was also transmitted to the clinic by a remote monitoring system. This information was studied and evaluated for the validity and effectiveness of the device triggering. If necessary, the parameters of detection and treatment were adjusted taking into account the obtained information. Information was analyzed and statistically processed with the SPSS Statistics 20.0 software.Results The patients were followed up for 28.3 ± 15.6 months, during which the devices delivered therapy to 55 (33.3%) patients of the entire group. In the ICMP group, the devices were activated in 44 (26.7 %) patients and in the NCMP group, the devices were activated in 11 (6.7 %) patients. In group 1 (ICMP), appropriate triggering was observed in 33 (20.0%) patients and inappropriate triggering was observed in 11 (6.7%) patients. In group 2 (NCMP), appropriate triggering was observed in 2 (1.2 %) patients and inappropriate triggering was observed in 9 (5.5 %) patients. The main cause of inappropriate triggering was atrial fibrillation (AF). 17 (10.3 %) patients with ICMP had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), which did not reach the detection frequency for ICD therapy; these VTs were only detected by devices and terminated spontaneously. Intragroup differences in the number of patients who received an appropriate treatment were statistically significant: 33 (32.6 %) in the ICMP group vs. 2 (3.1 %) in the NCMP group (р<0.006). Differences in the number of patients who received an inappropriate treatment were not statistically significant although their number was greater in the NCMP group than in the ICMP group (9 (14.1 %) vs. 11 (10.9 %), р>0.05).Conclusion A higher requirement for the ICD treatment was revealed in patients with ICMP compared to patients with NCMP. The low demand for the ICD treatment in patients with NCMP and the more frequent inappropriate actuation of the devices in this patient group due to AF allow a conclusion that the criteria for primary prevention of SCD with ICD (LV EF ≤35% and clinically significant CHF) are not equally effective indications for ICD implantation in patients with ICMP and NCMP. It can be assumed that life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are evident in patients with NCMP before the development of hemodynamically significant LV dysfunction and CHF, which warrants further research in this direction.
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Park, D., D. Than, K. R. Everett, J. Rees-George, M. K. Romberg, and B. J. R. Alexander. "Screening of historical isolates stored in New Zealand culture collections for Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.6003.
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Subsequent to the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) on kiwifruit in Te Puke (November 2010) isolates of Pseudomonas spp from kiwifruit stored in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) and at Plant Food Research (PFR) were tested by PCR for Psa A total of 139 isolates from ICMP were assayed with the previously published primer pairs PsaF1/PsaR2 and PAV1/P22 An amplicon of expected size for Psa was produced from 19 isolates using primers PAV1/P22 but no amplicons were obtained using the primers PsaF1/PsaR2 Amplicons produced by primers PAV1/P22 were sequenced and these isolates were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava A further 52 Pseudomonas isolates collected from kiwifruit and stored at PFR did not amplify a PCR product with primers PsaF1/PsaR2 These PCR tests confirm that Psa was not detected in any of the cultures held in the ICMP or at PFR The screening of historical Pseudomonas isolates associated with kiwifruit suggests that Psa strains had not been isolated from New Zealand kiwifruit samples prior to the detection in 2010
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Rai, K. N., F. R. Bidinger, K. Hussain Sahib, and A. S. Rao. "Registration of ICMP 94001 Pearl Millet Gemplasm." Crop Science 38, no. 5 (September 1998): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800050065x.
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Parsons, Thomas J., Rene M. L. Huel, Zlatan Bajunović, and Adnan Rizvić. "Large scale DNA identification: The ICMP experience." Forensic Science International: Genetics 38 (January 2019): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.11.008.
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Gomez-Valero, Laura, Alvaro Chiner-Oms, Iñaki Comas, and Carmen Buchrieser. "Evolutionary Dissection of the Dot/Icm System Based on Comparative Genomics of 58 Legionella Species." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 2619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz186.
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Abstract The Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system of Legionella pneumophila is essential for its pathogenesis by delivering >300 effector proteins into the host cell. However, their precise secretion mechanism and which components interact with the host cell is only partly understood. Here, we undertook evolutionary analyses of the Dot/Icm system of 58 Legionella species to identify those components that interact with the host and/or the substrates. We show that high recombination rates are acting on DotA, DotG, and IcmX, supporting exposure of these proteins to the host. Specific amino acids under positive selection on the periplasmic region of DotF, and the cytoplasmic domain of DotM, support a role of these regions in substrate binding. Diversifying selection acting on the signal peptide of DotC suggests its interaction with the host after cleavage. Positive selection acts on IcmR, IcmQ, and DotL revealing that these components are probably participating in effector recognition and/or translocation. Furthermore, our results predict the participation in host/effector interaction of DotV and IcmF. In contrast, DotB, DotO, most of the core subcomplex elements, and the chaperones IcmS-W show a high degree of conservation and not signs of recombination or positive selection suggesting that these proteins are under strong structural constraints and have an important role in maintaining the architecture/function of the system. Thus, our analyses of recombination and positive selection acting on the Dot/Icm secretion system predicted specific Dot/Icm components and regions implicated in host interaction and/or substrate recognition and translocation, which will guide further functional analyses.
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Xu, Wei, and Qiao Hong Xu. "Research on Attack Source Traceback." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3644.
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The existing methods of attack traceback still have many defects, such as input debugging method requires the professional intervention; ICMP traceback message takes up the network bandwidth resources and so on, so a new collaborative network is picked up, based on ant source of ideological attack tracking method. This method is mainly used strategy from ICMP traceback message, that is, data packet attacked is backed-up on the network monitor, and then the scope of the query path information is reduced using the ant colony algorithm, enabling rapid construction of the attack path. Experiments show that the method improves the query speed of tracking information and the accuracy of positioning the source attack.
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Gal-Mor, Ohad, and Gil Segal. "Identification of CpxR as a Positive Regulator of icm and dot Virulence Genes of Legionella pneumophila." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 16 (August 15, 2003): 4908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.16.4908-4919.2003.
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ABSTRACT To date, 24 Legionella pneumophila genes (icm and dot genes) have been shown to be required for intercellular growth and host cell killing. A previous report indicated that the regulation of these genes is complicated and probably involves several regulatory proteins. In this study, a genetic screen performed in Escherichia coli identified the CpxR response regulator as an activator of the L. pneumophila icmR gene. Construction of an L. pneumophila cpxR insertion mutant showed that the expression of icmR is regulated by CpxR. In addition, a conserved CpxR binding site (GTAAA) was identified in the icmR regulatory region and L. pneumophila His-tagged CpxR protein was shown to bind to the icmR regulatory region using a mobility shift assay. Besides its dramatic effect on the icmR level of expression, the CpxR regulator was also found to affect the expression of the icmV-dotA and icmW-icmX operons, but to a lesser extent. The role of CpxA, the cognate sensor kinase of CpxR, was also examined and its effect on the icmR level of expression was found to be less pronounced than the effect of CpxR. The RpoE sigma factor, which was shown to coregulate genes together with CpxR, was examined as well, but it did not influence icm and dot gene expression. In addition, when the cpxR mutant strain, in which the expression of the icmR gene was dramatically reduced, and the cpxA and rpoE mutant strains were examined for their ability to grow inside Acanthamoeba castellanii and HL-60-derived human macrophages, no intracellular growth defect was observed. This study presents the first evidence for a direct regulator (CpxR) of an icm-dot virulence gene (icmR). The CpxR regulator together with other regulatory factors probably concerts with the expression of icm and dot genes to result in successful infection.
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Suganya, S., and P. Subramaniam. "Spitri Single Packet ICMP Traceback Using Router Interface." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v6i12.662669.
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周, 明. "A Method of Information Tracing Based on ICMP." Software Engineering and Applications 06, no. 01 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sea.2017.61001.
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Naldi, Maurizio. "ICMP-based Third-Party Estimation of Cloud Availability." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v6i1.208.
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Cloud availability is an important parameter present in a typical Service Level Agreement (SLA). In order to check compliance with SLA commitments, a third party availability measurement is strongly needed. An availability estimation methods is evaluated here, based on the periodic repetition of sequence of probing packets in ICMP. Majority Voting, which declares a cloud to be available only if a majority of probing packets gets an echo from the cloud, appears to provide an accurate estimation even when the packet loss probability is rather high.
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Gutor, S. S., V. A. Kazakov, I. V. Suhodolo, V. M. Shipulin, V. Ye Babokin, O. N. Ogurkova, S. L. Andreyev, and A. V. Safonova. "NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AND HIS PROGENITORS AS PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSIVE POSTOPERATIVE LEFT VENTRICLE REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 12, no. 6 (December 28, 2013): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2013-6-23-30.
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The work is devoted to the study of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its precursors as one of possible predictors of left ventricular repeated remodeling in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) in the follow-up (postoperative period). Objects of the study are venous blood and intraoperative samples of right atrial auricle. Precursors of NUP were identified in blood serum by the immuno-fluorescence test. Ultrathin slices of auricle biopsy samples were examined with electronmicroscopy with the use of image processing ImageJ software (program). The concentration of NUP precursors in blood plasma and relation of minimal diameter of secretory granules to maximal one in right auricle cardiomyocytes reflect pathological processes taking place in the myocardium of patients with ICMP. Ratio of minimal and maximal diameters of secretory granules is a predictor of chronic heart failure progressing.
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Gunnam, Ganesh Reddy, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Do ICMP Security Attacks Have Same Impact on Servers?" Journal of Information Security 08, no. 03 (2017): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jis.2017.83018.
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Rai, K. N., B. S. Talukdar, S. D. Singh, A. S. Rao, A. M. Rao, and D. J. Andrews. "Registration of ICMP 423 Parental Line of Pearl Millet." Crop Science 34, no. 5 (September 1994): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400050084x.
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Kumar, K. Anand, K. N. Rai, D. J. Andrews, B. S. Talukdar, S. D. Singh, A. S. Rao, P. P. Babu, and B. P. Reddy. "Registration of ICMP 451 Parental Line of Pearl Millet." Crop Science 35, no. 2 (1995): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183x003500020077x.
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Lima, Francisco H. M. B., Luiz F. M. Vieira, Marcos A. M. Vieira, Alex B. Vieira, and José Augusto M. Nacif. "Water ping: ICMP for the internet of underwater things." Computer Networks 152 (April 2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.01.009.
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Madhaiyan, Munusamy, and Selvaraj Poonguzhali. "Methylobacterium pseudosasicola sp. nov. and Methylobacterium phyllostachyos sp. nov., isolated from bamboo leaf surfaces." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_7 (July 1, 2014): 2376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057232-0.
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Two strains of Gram-negative, methylotrophic bacteria, isolated because of their abilities to promote plant growth, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolates were strictly aerobic, motile, pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic, non-spore-forming rods. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates included the presence of C18 : 1ω7c as the major cellular fatty acid. The DNA G+C contents of strains BL36T and BL47T were 69.4 and 69.8 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strains BL36T and BL47T placed them under the genus Methylobacterium, with the pairwise sequence similarity between them and the type strains of closely related species ranging from 97.2 to 99.0 %. On the basis of their phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness and the results of DNA–DNA hybridization analysis, the isolates represent two novel species within the genus Methylobacterium , for which the names Methylobacterium pseudosasicola sp. nov. (type strain BL36T = NBRC 105203T = ICMP 17621T) and Methylobacterium phyllostachyos sp. nov. (type strain BL47T = NBRC 105206T = ICMP 17619T) are proposed.
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Bragança, C. A. D., A. F. Nogueira Junior, F. Rogério, and N. S. Massola. "First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola on Barbados Cherry (Malpighia emarginata) in Brazil." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0099-pdn.
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Barbados cherry, also called acerola, is a fruit originated from tropical America that is well-known for its high content of vitamin C and nutritional value. Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases on Barbados cherry. In Brazil, this disease is associated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato (2). In 2012, necrotic and sunken spots were observed on Barbados cherry fruit (cv. Rubra) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, from which a Colletotrichum species was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolate was grown on PDA at 25°C and 12-h photoperiod under fluorescent light. The colony was gray on the upper surface and the reverse part was dark gray. Conidia (n = 50) were cylindrical to subcylindrical, hyaline, and 12 to 15 (avg. 12.7) × 3.8 to 5.9 (avg. 4.3) μm. Conidia length/width ratio was 2 to 3.6. Pathogenicity was confirmed on Barbados cherry fruit. Inoculation was carried out by depositing 40-μl droplets of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia ml−1) on fruit wounded with a sterilized needle and on non-wounded fruit. Fruit were incubated in a moist chamber at 25°C. First symptoms appeared 3 and 5 days after inoculation on wounded and non-wounded fruit, respectively. No symptoms were observed on control fruit inoculated with water. Six isolates recovered from inoculated fruit showed the same morphological characteristics of the previous isolate. The DNA of the fungus was extracted by a CTAB protocol (1) and the sequences of ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1, TUB, and CAL genes (4) were generated. Sequences were used in BLAST searches in GenBank and were 100% similar to C. theobromicola, except for GAPDH. The ITS (KC566724) and CAL (KC566437) sequences matched strain ICMP 17099 (JX010285 and JX009588, respectively) with 100% identity. The BTUB (KC566148), GAPDH (KC566578), ACT (KC566870), and CHS-1(KC566292) sequences matched with the strains ICMP 18649 (JX010447, 100% identity), ICMP 17099 (JX009957, 99% identity, 1 pb), ICMP 18567 (JX009457, 100% identity), and ICMP 18613 (JX009771, 100% identity), respectively. The sequences were also compared with authentic culture of C. gloeosporioides (IMI 356878) and the identities were: ITS 99% (JX010148), CAL 91% (JX009729), BTUB 90% (JX010445), GAPDH 83% (GU174561), ACT 93% (JX009494), and CHS-1 98% (JX009747). Based on the multi-gene sequencing, the isolate was identified as C. theobromicola. C. theobromicola was described in 2010 (3) and it is considered as a widely distributed species occurring on different hosts in tropical and subtropical regions (4). This report shows the necessity of the identification of Colletotrichum species from tropical fruits to elucidate the etiology of anthracnose diseases of which C. gloeosporioides sensu lato is considered to be the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. theobromicola on Barbados cherry. References: (1) M. G. Murray and W. F. Thompson. Nucleic Acids Res. 8:4321, 1980. (2) R. Ritzinger et al. Acerola em Foco 13:1, 2007. (3) E. I. Rojas et al. Mycologia 102:1318, 2010. (4) B. S. Weir et al. Stud. Mycol. 73:115, 2012.
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Albers, Urs, Katrin Reus, Howard A. Shuman, and Hubert Hilbi. "The amoebae plate test implicates a paralogue of lpxB in the interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Acanthamoeba castellanii." Microbiology 151, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27563-0.
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Legionella pneumophila is a bacterial parasite of freshwater amoebae which also grows in alveolar macrophages and thus causes the potentially fatal pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. Intracellular growth within amoebae and macrophages is mechanistically similar and requires the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system. This paper reports the development of an assay, the amoebae plate test (APT), to analyse growth of L. pneumophila wild-type and icm/dot mutant strains spotted on agar plates in the presence of Acanthamoeba castellanii. In the APT, wild-type L. pneumophila formed robust colonies even at high dilutions, icmT, -R, -P or dotB mutants failed to grow, and icmS or -G mutants were partially growth defective. The icmS or icmG mutant strains were used to screen an L. pneumophila chromosomal library for genes that suppress the growth defect in the presence of the amoebae. An icmS suppressor plasmid was isolated that harboured the icmS and flanking icm genes, indicating that this plasmid complements the intracellular growth defect of the mutant. In contrast, different icmG suppressor plasmids rendered the icmG mutant more cytotoxic for A. castellanii without enhancing intracellular multiplication in amoebae or RAW264.7 macrophages. Deletion of individual genes in the suppressor plasmids inserts identified lcs (Legionella cytotoxic suppressor) -A, -B, -C and -D as being required for enhanced cytotoxicity of an icmG mutant strain. The corresponding proteins show sequence similarity to hydrolases, NlpD-related metalloproteases, lipid A disaccharide synthases and ABC transporters, respectively. Overexpression of LcsC, a putative paralogue of the lipid A disaccharide synthase LpxB, increased cytotoxicity of an icmG mutant but not that of other icm/dot or rpoS mutant strains against A. castellanii. Based on sequence comparison and chromosomal location, lcsB and lcsC probably encode enzymes involved in cell wall maintenance and peptidoglycan metabolism. The APT established here may prove useful to identify other bacterial factors relevant for interactions with amoeba hosts.
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Wang, Jie, Bing Chen, and Cheng Xiang Tan. "Design and Implementation of Network Topology Discovery System Based on OSPF." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 2100–2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.2100.
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This paper presents an algorithm of network topology discovery based on OSPF protocol and introduces the implementation. It is different than the traditional topology discovery algorithms which are mostly based on SNMP and ICMP protocols. The test results show that it has made an efficient and useful solution to network topology discovery.
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Xu, Jianpo, Dandan Xu, Muyang Wan, Li Yin, Xiaofei Wang, Lijie Wu, Yanhua Liu, Xiaoyun Liu, Yan Zhou, and Yongqun Zhu. "Structural insights into the roles of the IcmS–IcmW complex in the type IVb secretion system of Legionella pneumophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 51 (December 4, 2017): 13543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706883115.
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The type IVb secretion system (T4BSS) of Legionella pneumophila is a multiple-component apparatus that delivers ∼300 virulent effector proteins into host cells. The injected effectors modulate host cellular processes to promote bacterial infection and proliferation. IcmS and IcmW are two conserved small, acidic adaptor proteins that form a binary complex to interact with many effectors and facilitate their translocation. IcmS and IcmW can also interact with DotL, an ATPase of the type IV coupling protein complex (T4CP). However, how IcmS–IcmW recognizes effectors, and what the roles of IcmS–IcmW are in T4BSSs are unclear. In this study, we found that IcmS and IcmW form a 1:1 heterodimeric complex to bind effector substrates. Both IcmS and IcmW adopt new structural folds and have no structural similarities with known effector chaperones. IcmS has a compact global structure with an α/β fold, while IcmW adopts a fully α-folded, relatively loose architecture. IcmS stabilizes IcmW by binding to its two C-terminal α-helices. Photocrosslinking assays revealed that the IcmS–IcmW complex binds its cognate effectors via an extended hydrophobic surface, which can also interact with the C terminus of DotL. A crystal structure of the DotL–IcmS–IcmW complex reveals extensive and highly stable interactions between DotL and IcmS–IcmW. Moreover, IcmS–IcmW recruits LvgA to DotL and assembles a unique T4CP. These data suggest that IcmS–IcmW also functions as an inseparable integral component of the DotL–T4CP complex in the bacterial inner membrane. This study provides molecular insights into the dual roles of the IcmS–IcmW complex in T4BSSs.
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Duechting, Anja, Carsten Tschöpe, Heike Kaiser, Tobias Lamkemeyer, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Susanne Aberle, Florian Lang, Joseph Torresi, Reinhard Kandolf, and C. Thomas Bock. "Human Parvovirus B19 NS1 Protein Modulates Inflammatory Signaling by Activation of STAT3/PIAS3 in Human Endothelial Cells." Journal of Virology 82, no. 16 (June 11, 2008): 7942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00891-08.
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ABSTRACT The pathogenic mechanism by which parvovirus B19 may induce inflammatory cardiomyopathy (iCMP) is complex but is known to involve inflammatory processes, possibly including activation of JAK/STAT signaling. The nonstructural B19 protein NS1 acts as a transactivator triggering signaling cascades that eventually lead to activation of interleukin 6 (IL-6). We examined the impact of NS1 on modulation of STAT signaling in human endothelial cells (HMEC-1). The NS1 sequences were identified from B19 DNA isolated from the myocardia of patients with fatal iCMP. B19 infection as well as NS1 overexpression in HMEC-1 cells produced a significant upregulation in the phosphorylation of both tyrosine705 and serine727 STAT3 (P < 0.05). The increased STAT3 phosphorylation was accompanied by dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding of pSTAT3. In contrast, NS1 expression did not result in increased STAT1 activation. Notably, the expression levels of the negative regulators of STAT activation, SOCS1 and SOCS3, were not altered by NS1. However, the level of PIAS3 was upregulated in NS1-expressing HMEC-1 cells. Analysis of the transcriptional activation of target genes revealed that NS1-induced STAT3 signaling was associated with upregulation of genes involved in immune response (e.g., the IFNAR1 and IL-2 genes) and downregulation of genes associated with viral defense (e.g., the OAS1 and TYK2 genes). Our results demonstrate that B19 NS1 modulates the STAT/PIAS pathway. The NS1-induced upregulation of STAT3/PIAS3 in the absence of STAT1 phosphorylation and the lack of SOCS1/SOCS3 activation may contribute to the mechanisms by which B19 evades the immune response and establishes persistent infection in human endothelial cells. Thus, NS1 may play a critical role in the mechanism of viral pathogenesis in B19-associated iCMP.
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Iqbal, Muhammad, Arini Arini, and Hendra Bayu Suseno. "ANALISA DAN SIMULASI KEAMANAN JARINGAN UBUNTU SERVER DENGAN PORT KNOCKING, HONEYPOT, IPTABLES, ICMP." Cyber Security dan Forensik Digital 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/csecurity.2020.3.1.1933.
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Keamanan jaringan komputer sangatlah penting untuk menjaga kerahasiaan data dan informasi yang terdapat pada server. Data dan informasi ini hanya ditujukan untuk administrator dan user yang berhak mengakses saja melalui port layanan. Membiarkan port penting terbuka adalah kesalahan fatal yang dapat mengakibatkan serangan terhadap server, umumnya teknik yang sering dilakukan adalah scan port dan bruteforce. Hal lain untuk melindungi server dengan firewall adalah salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan pula, namun penggunaan firewall tidak efektif dikarenakan akan memblok semua layanan tanpa memperdulikan siapapun termasuk administrator. Untuk tujuan tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan, dengan menggunakan metode port knocking yang di kembangkan dengan metode lainnya yaitu mengkombinasikan dengan Honeypot, IPtables dan ICMP. IPtables sendiri menggantikan peran dari firewall, untuk menentukan aturan port mana yang akan di filter, sehingga setiap paket yang masuk pada filtered port akan di-refused. Port knocking berfungsi untuk menentukan ketukan rahasia terhadap port layanan server. Honeypot untuk mengalihkan server port pada port tiruan dan sengaja terbuka agar kita tahu apa saja upaya yang dilakukan untuk memasuki server, dan ICMP berfungsi sebagai ping request dari client terhadap server.
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LIU, Jie. "ICMP-based method for logical network topology discovery and analysis." Journal of Computer Applications 28, no. 6 (October 21, 2008): 1498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.01498.
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Kumar, M. A. Vinoth. "Identifying and Blocking High and Low Rate DDOS ICMP Flooding." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i32/84409.
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Hayashi, Hiroaki, Keisuke Usui, Yuji Nakaguchi, Yuki Kanazawa, Takahiro Shimo, and Yuki Matsumoto. "Dispatch Reports on the International Conference on Medical Physics (ICMP)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 73, no. 3 (2017): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2017_jsrt_73.3.218.
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Sokibi, Petrus. "Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Perangkat Jaringan Berbasis ICMP dengan Notifikasi Telegram." ITEJ (Information Technology Engineering Journals) 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/itej.v2i2.16.
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Dalam dunia pendidikan sekarang, jaringan komputer merupakan hal yang penting untuk menunjang pembelajaran maupun untuk pertukaran informasi. Monitoring merupakan metode utama untuk menjaga kestabilan jaringan komputer. Proses monitoring jaringan pada SMK NU Kaplongan masih dilakukan secara manual, dengan kompleksnya jaringan yang ada, Network Administrator membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk menemukan gangguan yang terjadi pada jaringan serta belum lagi dengan faktor Network Administrator yang tidak selalu standby untuk me-monitoring jaringan. Untuk membantu Network Administrator dalam me-monitoringjaringan, penulis akan merancang sistem monitoring perangkat jaringan dengan memanfaatkan protokol ICMP dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MySQL sebagai database-nya serta Bot Telegram untuk pengiriman pesan notifikasi ketika terjadi perangkat yang terputus. Hasil penelitian ini berupa perangkat lunak berbasis web yang berfungsi untuk monitoring perangkat jaringan di lingkungan SMK NU Kaplongan. Sistem monitoring perangkat jaringan ini akan mampu membantu proses monitoring, identifikasi dan perbaikan terhadap gangguan yang terjadi pada jaringan serta membantu Network Administrator dalam menjaga stabilitas jaringan di SMK NU Kaplongan.
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Masic, Alma. "Prospective of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Temida 7, no. 4 (2004): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0404007m.
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In this paper current truth and reconciliation initiatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina are reviewed, with special emphasis on the activities of ICMP. Within the scope of its activities, ICMP has launched the implementation of the project "Paths to reconciliation", which is intended for the associations of the families of missing persons in the area of the former Yugoslavia. This project enables the missing families? associations to confront themselves within their national environments through a series of workshops, before tackling the difficult and painful issues that burden every ethnic community. This project also opens the possibility to explore various options that will ensure the implementation of justice and open space for a dialog between victim groups on the regional and international level and to encourage the exchange of experiences in searching for the truth and building trust. In the future, better coordination of all activities and initiatives concerning the confrontation with the past ought to be established. Such initiatives should provide a place and space for war victims groups, other NGO-s and other segments of the civic society to give their recommendations for the resolution of their common problems and for further activities in this process.
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Chumakova, S. P., M. V. Vins, O. I. Urazova, D. A. Azarova, V. M. Shipulin, A. S. Pryakhin, E. B. Bukreeva, et al. "Subpopulations of blood monocytes in patients with generalized hypoxia." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 18, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-277-285.
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The aimof the work is to establish general regularities and features of differentiation of blood monocytes into 4 subpopulations in diseases associated with circulatory and respiratory hypoxia.Materials and methods.18 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), 12 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP), 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 15 patients with newly diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 12 healthy donors were examined. In whole blood, we determined the relative number of different subpopulations of monocytes by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed by statistical methods.Results.It is shown that an increase in the number of classical (80.56 [77.60; 83.55]%) and the deficit of intermediate (10.38 [9.36; 11.26]%), non-classical (6.03 [5.24; 6.77]%) and transitional (2.14 [1.41; 3.92] %) monocytes in the blood is determined in patients with COPD when compared with the group of healthy donors (p< 0.05). In groups of patients with PTB and IHD, an increase in the number of intermediate monocytes (26.24 respectively [22.38; 42.88] % and 25.27 [15.78; 31.39]%) and the lack of transitional cells (1.77 [1.36; 3.74]% and 2.68 [2.63; 4.0]%) at the normal content of classical and non-classical forms of monocytes (p< 0.05) is detected. In patients with ICMP, a decrease in the number of non-classical monocytes (up to 5.05 [4.08; 6.58]%) is combined with the normal cell content of other subpopulations (p< 0.05). The interrelation between the number of classical and intermediate monocytes in patients with COPD (r= –0.63;p< 0.05), PTB (r= –0.72;p< 0.01), IHD (r= –0.59;p< 0.05), ICMP (r= –0.58;p< 0.05) was established.Conclusion.In COPD associated with generalized hypoxia, an increase in the number of classical monocytes is combined with a deficiency of their other subpopulations in the blood. In PTB and IHD, antigenic stimulation of the immune system mediates accelerated differentiation of monocytes from classical to intermediate forms with a decrease in the number of transitional cells regardless of the etiology of the disease (infectious or non-infectious) and the type of hypoxia (respiratory or circulatory).