Academic literature on the topic 'Icon-FES'

Abstract Background Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. Empirical evidence is needed to justify the selection of a specific instrument to measure the intended construct. Objectives To summarize evidence on the development, content validity and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults using Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Study Design and Setting MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology guided the review of eligible studies and methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesized. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis. Results 35 studies on 18 instruments were included in the review. High quality evidence showed that modified Falls-Efficacy Scale (FES)–13 items (mFES-13) is relevant but not comprehensive for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported the FES-10 had sufficient relevance and the mFES-14 had sufficient comprehensibility. Only the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) had sufficient relevance of moderate quality evidence to measure balance confidence. Low to very low quality evidence underpinned content validity of other instruments. High quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, mFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion Content validity of the instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate the broader continuum of falls efficacy.

Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM), aging and falls have been recognized as a growing and a challenging triad. Despite many tools to assess risk of falls, they may not be applicable for fall risk assessment in DM patients. The aim of the study was to develop a low- cost tool to predict the faller status of DM people. Methods People with DM (n=103) were recruited from diabetic clinics in Sri Lanka. Demographic, neuropathy status, contrast sensitivity (Melbourne Edge test) lower limb (LL) sensation, cognitive functions, fear of falling (Icon-FES), LL strength (maximal isometric quadriceps strength), hand reaction time, balance abilities (postural sway, maximal balance range, coordinated stability, unipedal stand time (UST) and tandem and near tandem standing ability), mobility (Timed up and go test-TUG) and gait parameters were assessed. Falls were prospectively recorded over six months. Data were analyzed using SPSS and STATA with negative binominal regression. Results Fall rates were significantly associated with DM symptoms (p=0.001) and examination scores (p=0.026), HbA1c (p=0.012), contrast sensitivity (p=0.033), TUG (p=0.006), quadriceps strength (p=0.015), sway path on floor eyes closed (p=0.002), sway on foam eyes opened (p=0.009), near tandem (p=0.006) and tandem (p=0.008) balance, UST (p=0.027), stride length (p=0.009), TUG times with cognitive task (p=0.007), dual task backward walking (p=0.005). A multivariate negative binomial regression model comprised two significant and independent variables influencing falls: quadriceps strength and tandem balance ability (likelihood ratio Chi square=12.43, p=0.002). For 1kg increase in quadriceps strength fall rates decreased by 0.94% and the presence of poor tandem balance increased fall rates by a factor of 2.48. Discussion and Conclusion We identified multiple factors that elucidate why people with DM fall. A simple, easy to use tool comprising two independent risk factors: tests of quadriceps strength and tandem balance ability are suggested as a simple screen for fall risk in this population. Such patients may then warrant further detailed assessment and a tailored intervention.

Abstract Background Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. In order to be informed of the choice of the best measurement instrument for a specific purpose, empirical evidence of the development and measurement properties of falls efficacy related instruments is needed. Methods The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Intruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to summarise evidence on the development, content validity, and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults. Databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on the development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology was used to guide the review of eligible studies and in the assessment of their methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesised. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis. Results Thirty-five studies, of which 18 instruments had been identified, were included in the review. High-quality evidence showed that the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)-13 items (MFES-13) has sufficient relevance, yet insufficient comprehensiveness for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported that the FES-10 has sufficient relevance, and MFES-14 has sufficient comprehensibility. Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) has sufficient relevance in measuring balance confidence supported by moderate-quality evidence. Low to very low-quality evidence underpinned the content validity of other instruments. High-quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, MFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion Content validity of instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate a broader construct for falls efficacy.

Introduktion: Fallolyckor bland äldre orsakar stora samhällskostnader och bidrar även till stort lidande i det vardagliga livet. Bortsett från fysiska skador så är fallrädsla även ett stort folkhälsoproblem. Fallrädsla defineras som en upplevd frånvaro av trygghet för att hålla balans vid aktiviteter, som resulterar till en mängd olika hälsoproblem. Vanligtvis används Fall Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I) och Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-scale) som bedömningsinstrument för självskattning av fallrädsla. Däremot så saknas utvärdering av fallrädsla utifrån ett funktionellt perspektiv. Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) är ett självskattningsformulär som ursprungligen utformats för bruk vid intervjuer för äldre 60 år och uppåt.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan självskattad funktionsnivå enligt LLFDI samt självskattad fallrädsla enligt Iconographical - Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES) och ABC scale bland äldre personer över 70 år. Delsyftet var att undersöka korrelationen bland de tre domänerna i LLFDI för att se vilka nedsättningar som korrelerar bäst med fallrädsla. Metod: Sambandet mellan skattad funktion enligt LLFDI samt upplevd fallrädsla enligt ABS-scale och Icon-FES undersöktes med Spearmans Rho i ett datamaterial med 67 deltagare över 70 år som deltagit i en tidigare studie av fallpreventiv träning. Resultat: En hög statistisk signifikant korrelation enligt Hinkel hittades mellan de funktionella domänerna hos LLFDI och ABC-scale (FU och GNE) och Icon-FES (FU och ANE). Måttliga korrelationer observerades även mellan LLFDI och ABC-scale (ANE) och Icon-FES (GNE). Enbart en domän övre extremitet visade väldigt låg korrelation med fallrädsla.  Slutsats: Eftersom hög korrelation kundes ses bidrar resultat stärker det sambandet mellan självskattad funktion och fallrädsla bland äldre som bor i en hemmiljö. Framtida studier bör undersöka resultatet bland ett könsuppdelat stickprov i form av en tvärsnittsstudie för att mäta prevalens av fallrädsla samt exponering av fysisk inaktivitet os deltagarna.