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Journal articles on the topic 'Iconoclasme'

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1

Delannoi, Gil. "Un nouvel iconoclasme." Commentaire Numéro160, no. 4 (2017): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.160.0875.

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2

Hooper, Steven. "La collecte comme iconoclasme." Gradhiva, no. 7 (May 15, 2008): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gradhiva.1101.

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3

Goody, Jack. "Icônes et Iconoclasme en Afrique." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 46, no. 6 (December 1991): 1235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1991.279009.

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On considère souvent l'Afrique comme le continent des icônes figuratives, des masques, de la sculpture, de la fonte du bronze et des « fétiches ». Dans les musées, les restes sanglants d'offrande montrent que ces objets avaient une fonction cultuelle et non pas seulement une valeur esthétique d'exposition. Les sculptures figuratives africaines sont présentes de façon dominante dans la plupart des collections d'art non européen et elles ont eu, au début de ce siècle, une grande influence sur les peintres européens eux-mêmes ; le cas bien connu du masque Fang acquis par Derain et admiré de Picasso est un exemple typique à cet égard.
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4

Gamboni, Dario. "Iconoclasme, histoire de l’art et valeurs." Perspective, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/perspective.11401.

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5

Raison du Cleuziou, Yann. "La politisation sacerdotale comme iconoclasme religieux." Histoire, monde et cultures religieuses 42, no. 2 (2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hmc.042.0103.

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6

Sénina, Tatiana A. "Notes hagiographiques sur l’époque du second iconoclasme." Scrinium 11, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00111p25.

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7

Trigueros, Marc. "Un iconoclasme télévisuel. Récurrences et ambiguïtés d’une critique." Revue des sciences sociales 34, no. 1 (2005): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revss.2005.2814.

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8

Podoroga, Ioulia. "Abstraction et iconoclasme : les cas Kandinsky et Malevitch." Ligeia N° 157-160, no. 2 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lige.157.0055.

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9

Caviness, Madeline H. "Iconoclasme et iconophobie : quatre études de cas historiques." Diogène 199, no. 3 (2002): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dio.199.0119.

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10

Andrist, Patrick. "Les Objections des Hébreux : un document du premier iconoclasme?" Revue des études byzantines 57, no. 1 (1999): 99–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rebyz.1999.1968.

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11

Sénina, Tatiana A. "NOTICES SUR L’ATMOSPHÈRE INTELLECTUELLE À L’ÉPOQUE DU SECOND ICONOCLASME." Scrinium 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2008): 318–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-90000192.

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12

WALTER, JOHN. "POPULAR ICONOCLASM AND THE POLITICS OF THE PARISH IN EASTERN ENGLAND, 1640–1642." Historical Journal 47, no. 2 (May 24, 2004): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0400370x.

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This article explores the extent of popular iconoclasm in England in the period immediately before the start of civil war and for a region – eastern England – thought to lie at the heart of these events. It explores systematically the evidence for the extent of destruction (and the problems in its recording and recovery), the nature of the targets attacked, and the identities of the iconoclasts. The article argues that this first phase of iconoclasm was directed largely against Laudian innovations. Claiming an agency to police sacred space, iconoclasts derived legitimation from the public condemnation of Laudianism in parliament, print, and pulpit. Narrowing the focus, the article moves on to explore the occurrence of iconoclasm through a series of case studies of the complex process of conflict and negotiation within the politics of the parish that preceded, accompanied, and sometimes pre-empted popular destruction. The evidence of iconoclasm is used to show how the implementation of the Laudian programme might politicize local churches as sites of conflict and the potential therefore inherent in its aggressive enforcement for a wider political conflict.
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13

Desmet, Mathias. "Vernieling en plundering als iconoclasme en bron voor illegale handel in antiquiteiten." Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit 11, no. 2 (August 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tcc/221195072021011002002.

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14

Osborne, Catherine. "The repudiation of representation in Plato's Republic and its repercussions." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 33 (1987): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500004922.

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This paper surveys a selection of texts from the fourth century B.C. to the ninth century A.D. and considers the continuing repercussions of Plato's famous attack on art for the present as well as the past. I propose to treat the subject in five sections:1. A brief consideration of the iconoclast controversy of the eighth and ninth centuries A.D., to highlight the theory behind the iconoclasts' rejection of pictorial art from the Church (and effectively from society).2. A general discussion of Plato's apparently iconoclastic argument in Republic 10, to suggest that it too, like the later iconoclasm, was rejecting certain implicit claims made about the value of representation as such.3. A closer analysis of the arguments in Republic 10 to clarify precisely what theories of art are vulnerable to them.4. A survey of some subsequent defences of art on the basis that it imitates nature, to show that Plato was right to say that a defence on those lines would not make art sufficiently important to justify the place we accord it in society (or the Church).
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15

Fureix, Emmanuel. "L�iconoclasme, un objet d�histoire politique�? Souverainet� et recharge r�volutionnaire, 1830-1831." Raison publique N�21, no. 1 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpub.021.0097.

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16

Balan, Jérémy. "Réflexion sur l'« iconoclasme tridentin » dans le diocèse de Bordeaux aux xviie et xviiie siècles." Revue d'Histoire de l'Eglise de France 105, no. 1 (January 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rhef.5.118146.

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17

Figeac, Michel. "Révolution et urbanisme à la fin du XVIIIesiècle : Bordeaux entre vandalisme, iconoclasme et spéculation immobilière." Histoire, économie & société 33e année, no. 3 (2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hes.143.0067.

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18

Feld, Helmut. "Iconoclasm and Iconoclash. Struggle for Religious Identity." Church History and Religious Culture 89, no. 1 (2009): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124109x463392.

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19

Vsevolodovich Lukhovitskiy, Lev. "Additional Considerations on the Iconoclast Issue in the Hesychast Controversy." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa 67, no. 2 (March 25, 2023): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2022.2.05.

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"Mid-fourteenth-century Byzantine sources bear witness to an increased interest in Iconoclasm among the theologians involved in the Hesychast Controversy. The writings of the defenders of icon veneration were mined for authoritative quotations and the history of Iconoclasm became a repository of historical role models. This article is comprised of two sections. The first part expands a catalogue of texts of the epoch which make explicit reference to precedents in the Iconoclast period. The second part assesses, first, the polemical advantages and disadvantages of the accusation of iconoclasm in mid-fourteenth-century Byzantium by revisiting the afterlife of this label after the Triumph of Orthodoxy. Secondly, it traces the dynamics of how Iconoclasm was remembered in the Hesychast debate, distinguishing between the mythologizing and the philological levels of remembrance. The conclusion draws a connection between Nikephoros Gregoras’ approaches to theological polemics and to hagiography. The initial success and eventual fading-away of the iconoclastic motif in Hesychast polemics is explained by the uniqueness of Gregoras’ literary method and his personal circumstances. Keywords: Nikephoros Gregoras, John Kyparissiotes, Theodore Graptos, Byzantine literature, cultural memory, Palaeologan period, Iconoclasm, Hesychasm "
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20

Bermúdez Dini, Renato. "Entre los intersticios de la imagen: economías de lo (in)visible e imaginación iconoclasta." Eikon / Imago 13 (March 21, 2024): e90234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.90234.

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Este artículo propone la noción de imaginación iconoclasta a partir de las imágenes como intersticios. Para hacerlo, en primer lugar, se plantea una revisión histórica de la iconoclasia no como mera destrucción sino como disputa sostenida por la visualidad y el poder, a partir de la economía de lo (in)visible, según Marie-José Mondzain. En segundo lugar, desde esa perspectiva de la administración política a partir de las imágenes, se recurre a la categoría conceptual del intersticio en la filosofía de Gilles Deleuze para explicar la iconoclasia como una práctica de entrecruzamientos y yuxtaposiciones desde donde proliferan nuevas imágenes. Por último, se propone la noción de imaginación iconoclasta, recurriendo a la performatividad de las imágenes planteada por Andrea Soto Calderón, para sostener que a través de ella podemos articular otras formas de relación con las imágenes y con las potencias políticas que en ellas habitan. Este artículo contribuye a los debates sobre la incidencia de las imágenes desde el cruce interdisciplinar entre los estudios de la cultura visual y la filosofía política de la imagen, y desborda la perspectiva patrimonialista desde la que la historia del arte ha estudiado la iconoclasia, para reivindicarla como práctica de intervención crítica en nuestros imaginarios.
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21

Aloy Ricart, Rita, and Nathaniel Sola Rubio. "Something is coming: La iconoclasia anticolonial hispánica en los Estados Unidos." Diablotexto Digital 10 (December 24, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/diablotexto.10.21505.

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La iconoclasia ha sido una práctica constante pero cambiante a lo largo del tiempo. En este sentido, el presente artículo estudiará la “iconoclasia anticolonial” contemporánea imbricada al territorio estadounidense, ejercida, específicamente, sobre conmemoraciones que celebran la expansión peninsular en el país, mediante monumentos designados a Cristóbal Colón o Fray Junípero Serra. Por tanto, se analizarán las razones del surgimiento de esta oleada iconoclasta y su difusión, sujetas al sentido de la identidad y el conflicto de la preservación tradicional, manteniendo como principal motor la plusvalía ejercida sobre las imágenes.
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22

Bremmer, Jan. "Iconoclast, Iconoclastic, and Iconoclasm: Notes Towards a Genealogy." Church History and Religious Culture 88, no. 1 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124108x316413.

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AbstractThis article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genealogy of the terms 'iconoclast(ic)' and 'iconoclasm.' After some observations on the beginning of early Christian art that stress the necessity of abandoning a monolithic view of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic art regarding their iconic/aniconic aspects, it is noted that 'iconoclast' is mentioned first just before the start of the iconoclastic struggle and always remained rare in Byzantium. It became known in the West by Anastasius's Latin translation of Theophanes' Chronographia Tripartita. From there it was probably picked up by Thomas Netter, whose Doctrinale against Wycliffe and his followers proved to be very influential in the early times of the Reformation when images were a focus of intense debate between Catholics and Protestants. Thus the term gradually gained in popularity and also gave rise to 'iconoclasm' and 'iconoclastic.' The present popularity of the term has promoted the grouping together of events that probably should not be considered together. It has also made scholars focus on Protestant vandalism during the Reformation period rather than on the much greater damage to medieval art caused by the Catholic Baroque period.
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23

Lachmann, Renate. "Russia’s Iconoclasms." European Review 30, S1 (November 2022): S126—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798722000448.

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Two iconoclasms took place in twentieth-century Russian history: the iconoclasm after the October revolution, and the iconoclasm after the breakdown of the Soviet Union. These two (ideologically opposite) phases of iconoclastic actions (dismantling, destruction) were incited by programmes concerning the abolition of tsarist monuments of 1918 and met by controversial reactions to the removal of the statues of the former Soviet politicians in the 1990s. The revolutionary demolition of the symbols of the imperial past was executed in accordance with a clear-cut plan and included the erection of new monuments for outstanding communist activists. The official aim of the post-soviet removal of these monuments, to delete traces of a problematic past, was confronted with a revitalized communist ideology on the one hand and with the reaction of the Human Rights Organization Memorial on the other, which criticized the insufficient demolition of soviet symbols. This multifaceted situation is complicated by the reconstruction of destroyed pre-revolutionary monuments of Russian (predominantly religious) history.
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24

Рамазян, А. С. "Vrt’anês K’rtoł. Treatise “On the iconoclasts”." Theological Herald, no. 3-4(18-19) (September 15, 2015): 393–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2015-18-19-393-425.

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Статья посвящена переводу и комментарию одного из древнейших в истории христианской Церкви трактатов по теме иконоборческих споров, имевших место в Армении в конце VI – начале VII в., то есть более чем за сто лет до появления византийского иконоборчества при императоре Льве III Исавре (726 г.). Изучение данного источника позволяет пролить свет на природу иконоборчества в Армении и его возможное влияние на появление иконоборческих идей в Византии. Опираясь на текст трактата «Об иконоборцах» Вртанеса Кертога, автор анализирует аргументацию первых армянских иконоборцев и находит, что она во многом схожа с последующей позицией византийских иконоборцев (ссылки на ветхозаветный запрет изображений, отождествление иконопочитания с поклонением материи, опора на авторитет Евсевия Кесарийского), хотя имеет и свои характерные особенности (ссылки на св. Григория Просветителя и события армянской истории). Основные темы, раскрываемые в статье, – это формулирование учения иконоборцев и иконопочитателей, а также определение факторов, повлиявших на возникновение и развитие иконоборчества в Армении. The article is devoted to the translation and commentary of one of the oldest in the history of the Christian Church treatises on the iconoclastic controversy that took place in Armenia in the late VI – the beginning of the VII century, that is, more than a hundred years before the advent of the Byzantine iconoclasm under Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (726 g.). The study of this source sheds light on the nature of iconoclasm in Armenia and its possible impact on the emergence of the iconoclastic ideas in Byzantium. Based on the text of the treatise «On Iconoclasts» by Vrt’anês K’rtoł, the author analyzes the argumentation of the first Armenian iconoclasts and finds that it is very similar to the subsequent position of the Byzantine iconoclasts (e.g. references to the Old Testament prohibition of images, the identification of the veneration of icons with the worship of matter, relying on the authority of Eusebius of Caesarea), although it has its own characteristics (references to St. Gregory the Illuminator and events of Armenian history). The main topics covered in the article are: the formulation of the iconoclastics’ doctrine, cross veneration, as well as identification of the factors that influenced the emergence and development of iconoclasm in Armenia.
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Senina, Tatiana. "Representation of the Iconoclast Emperors in the Byzantine Offices in Honour of the Confessors of Iconoduly." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (December 2022): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.10.

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Introduction. Present article examines the representation of the iconoclast emperors in the Byzantine offices in honour of the confessors of iconoduly of the 8th – 9th centuries, and shows how this representation relates to the general view of icon-worshipers on the imperial power and its role in the spread of iconoclasm. Methods. Methods employed in this article are source research, information analysis, and comparative research. Sources on the subject include the offices in honor of the saints of the iconoclastic era which contain mentions of the iconoclastic emperors, published in the printed Menaion in Greek and Church Slavonic, as well as in Analecta hymnica Graeca. Analysis. An iconoclast emperor is usually represented by hymnographers as a tyrant, a lawless ruler, an enemy and persecutor of saints, godless and unholy, bestial and cruel, arrogant and daring, ignorant, insane and reckless, incurably sick with heresy; his teachings are hated by God, he is responsible for spreading the iconoclastic heresy. The term “tyrant” for the Byzantines meant a ruler who went against the law and the common good, preferring personal arbitrariness to the observance of laws, including church laws; a tyrant is the antipode of a legitimate emperor, his orders are illegal and criminal, and the overthrow of such an emperor is permissible. Therefore, the confessors of iconoduly are glorified for rejecting the orders and dogmas of the iconoclast emperors, and the death of such emperor is presented as the answer of God to the saints’ prayers confessors. For Byzantine hymnographers, the most odious figures among the six iconoclastic emperors in texts are Leo III and Leo V, as well as Constantine V; they are called by their names or nicknames in some hymnographic texts. Theophilus, thanks to his posthumous rehabilitation, escaped such a fate: he is nowhere called by name in the hymnographic texts, but he is anonymously reviled only in the offices in honour of Theophanes and Theodore Graptoi, who were tortured on his direct order. Results. On the whole, this corresponds to the picture that can be seen in the iconodule literature of other genres, primarily in hagiographical texts. Hymnographic texts were constantly used during public worship and reached the ears of the wide masses of believers; therefore they have significant contributed to the spreading of a number of legends about icon-worshipers and iconoclasts and to the formation of the image of the iconoclastic era in the minds of the Byzantines.
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26

Koch, Michael, and Martina Koll-Schretzenmayr. "Von Bild-Sturmfluten und Bildersturmern On Iconoclasm and Iconoclasts." disP - The Planning Review 34, no. 134 (January 1998): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.1998.10556677.

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27

Godfrey, R. M. "A reformed iconoclast looks at management. Part 1: Iconoclasm." Engineering Management Journal 1, no. 5 (1991): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/em:19910056.

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28

Tremblay, Vincent. "La stratégie et la réponse de l’État byzantin aux risques d’invasions barbares (VIIIe-IXe siècles)." Cahiers d'histoire 33, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1029366ar.

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La période iconoclaste byzantine est considérée à tort comme une période de recul politique et intellectuel. En effet, du XVIIIe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les historiens ont fait perdurer le discours négatif des sources grecques dans l’historiographie, de sorte que notre conception de cette période n’a pratiquement pas changé depuis le IXe siècle : les empereurs iconoclastes Léon III (717-741) et Constantin V (741-775) sont principalement reconnus pour avoir instauré la doctrine iconoclaste et mené une campagne de destruction massive des images religieuses et de persécution de leurs défenseurs (majoritairement des moines). Cette lecture, suite aux derniers développements historiographiques, est complètement battue en brèche, et Léon III et Constantin V sont aujourd’hui accrédités comme d’excellents généraux et administrateurs. Cet article s’inscrit pleinement dans cette ligne directrice et propose de nuancer l’image des empereurs afin de faire ressortir leur rôle politique et militaire dans la restauration de l’Empire byzantin à la suite des invasions arabes au VIIe siècle.
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29

Niewöhner, Philipp. "A Hidden Agenda of Imperial Appropriation and Power Play? Iconological Considerations Concerning Apse Images and Their Role in the Iconoclast Controversy." Millennium 18, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2021-0008.

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Abstract According to the written sources, the Iconoclast controversy was all about the veneration of icons. It started in the late seventh century, after most iconodule provinces had been lost to Byzantine rule, and lasted until the turn of the millennium or so, when icon veneration became generally established in the remaining parts of the Byzantine Empire. However, as far as material evidence and actual images are concerned, the Iconoclast controversy centred on apse images and other, equally large and monumental representations, none of which were ever venerated. Prior to Iconoclasm, such images had not been customary at Constantinople, where the early Christian tradition had been largely aniconic and focused on the symbol of the cross. Thus, the introduction of monumental Christian imagery to Constantinople appears to have been a major aspect of the Iconoclast controversy. This paper asks why and finds that the images in question, whilst not for veneration and therefore not essential to the theological debate, stood out for imperial propaganda. They led to close visual integration of the emperor and the church that had previously been kept apart, because aniconic traditions used to limit imperial presence inside Constantinopolitan church buildings. It seems, then, that the Iconoclast controversy, although conducted in religious terms, was partly driven by a hidden agenda of imperial appropriation and power play.
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Denny, Christopher. "Iconoclasm, Byzantine and Postmodern: Implications for Contemporary Theological Anthropology." Horizons 36, no. 2 (2009): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900006356.

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ABSTRACTMedieval Byzantine debates regarding icons included fine distinctions between image, prototype, and symbol as these terms related to personhood. Iconodules and iconoclasts differed regarding the ability of art to represent the person. Must artistic representations of a person, to be justified, be consubstantial with the person represented and thus circumscribed, as iconoclasts believed? Or is it sufficient to refer to artistic representations as being symbolic of their human subjects? Embracing the victorious iconodule distinction between a person and artistic representations of the person raises questions regarding the manner in which an image can reveal a human being. Post-structuralist philosophers Maurice Blanchot and Kevin Hart have inverted this problematic. They begin the interpretation of icons and personhood not from the traditional understanding of the honor or worship paid to Christian icons. Instead, they examine the icon's deconstruction of the viewer. What results is an iconodule defense of a post-Cartesian “anthropological iconoclasm.”
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31

Raison du Cleuziou, Yann. "Utopie sociale, contestation politique et iconoclasme religieux: les revendications «communautaires» dans la Province dominicaine de France après Mai 68." Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 27 (May 2018): 65–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/007.27.65-95.

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32

Daniel J. Sahas. "Iconoclasm and Iconoclash: Struggle for Religious Identity (review)." Catholic Historical Review 95, no. 3 (2009): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0461.

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33

Bachelot, Luc. "L’invisible du visible." Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 14, no. 27 (June 29, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v14i27.10106.

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Ce travail tente une analyse ontologique de l’image visant à expliquer son omniprésence dans l’histoire de l’humanité. En effet, il n’existe pas de société qui ait ignoré les images. Même celles qui les ont condamnées avec vigueur, en agissant ainsi, ne faisaient que souligner l’importance qu’elles leur accordaient.Les images ont donc suscité des passions aussi bien négatives (condamnation théorique, interdiction pratique, iconoclasme, etc.) que positives (amour des images, de la représentation, etc.). On défend ici l’hypothèse que ce qui est au fondement de l’image, c’est sa capacité à faire le lien entre le visible (ce qui sedonne effectivement à voir dans l’image) et l’invisible (tout ce qui ne s’y voit pas, mais vers lequel on se tourne pour interpréter). En effet, aucune description aussi détaillée qu’elle puisse être n’en épuise la signification. C’est dire que ce qui n’est pas dans l’image compte autant, sinon plus, que ce qui s’y trouve. Pour étayer cette démonstration, on s’appuie à la fois sur la très suggestive documentation de la Mésopotamie ancienne et sur certaines créations emblématiques de l’art contemporain à la lumière de deuxdes courants de pensée qui ont marqué le XXe siècle, la psychanalyse et la philosophie de Jacques Derrida (1930-2004).
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ΚΟΥΝΤΟΥΡΑ-ΓΑΛΑΚΗ, Ελεωνόρα Σ. "Κοινωνικὲς ἀνακατατάξεις καὶ στρατὸς στὰ τέλη τοῦ Η΄ αἰώνα." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 6 (September 29, 1985): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.700.

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<p> </p><p> </p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'"><p>Eléonora S. Countoura-Galaki</p><p>Le nouveau rapport des forces sociales et l'armée vers la fin du VIlle siècle<em> </em></p><p> </p><p>Vers la fin du VIIIe siècle agité, la société byzantine a subi des crises violentes. Les deux partis qui se combattaient entre eux pendant la querelle des images étaient l'armée et le clergé. Les premiers empereurs Isauriens ont favorisé le renforcement de l'armée, tandis que, d'autre part, ils ont essayé de réduire la puissance du clergé et des moines. Le résultat du conflit entre l'armée et le clergé fut la domination de l'armée sur la société byzantine. Mais, à partir de 775, l'armée capitule avec le haut clergé (ses chefs du moins) et ainsi se termine le premier Iconoclasme. Les vies de saints de ce temps reflètent le désespoir de repré­sentants du clergé et des moines à cause du traitement cruel des empereurs Isauriens (banissements-koinôseis) et surtout de Constantin V.</p><p> </p></span>
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Delgado, Manuel, and Sarai Martín López. "La violencia contra lo sagrado. Profanación y sacrilegio: una tipología." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.09.

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RESUMENDe entre todos los objetos, tiempos, espacios, palabras y seres que componen el mundo físico, algunos están investidos de un valor especial por cuanto se les atribuye la virtud de visibilizar las instancias invisibles de las que dependemos los mortales. Es lo sagrado. A lo sagrado se le depara un trato singular hecho de respeto, veneración o miedo, pero en ocasiones también de rencor y de odio por lo que encarna o representa. Es adorado, pero también, y acaso por las mismas razones, puede ser insultado, destruido, objeto de burla y, si tiene forma humana, martirizado o asesinado. La violencia contra lo sagrado puede caber en sistemas religiosos que le otorgan a la agresión un papel central en su universo mítico o ritual. También se ofende u agrede lo santo para grupos o pueblos a someter, puesto que en ello está resumido su orden del mundo. Desde esta perspectiva, el agravio, la irreverencia y el daño pasan a reclamar un lugar protagonista en los estudios sobre la institución religiosa de la cultura bajo las figuras del sacrilegio y la profanación.PALABRAS CLAVE: sagrado, profanación, sacrilegio, violencia religiosa, iconoclastia.ABSTRACTOf all the objects, times, spaces, words and beings that make up the physical world, some are invested with a special value because they are attributed the virtue of making visible the invisible instances on which we mortals depend. This is the sacred. The sacred is given a singular treatment combining respect, veneration or fear, but sometimes also resentment and hatred of what it embodies or represents. It is adored, but also, and perhaps for the same reasons, it can be insulted,destroyed, mocked and, if it has a human form, martyred or killed. Violence against the sacred can fit into religious systems that give aggression a central role in their mythical or ritual universe. Also offended or attacked is what is sacred for groups or peoples to be subdued, since in it an embodiment of their world order. From this perspective, aggravation, irreverence and damage occupy a central place in the studies on the religious institution of culture under the figures of sacrilege and profanation.KEY WORDS: sacred, profanation, sacrilege, religious violence, iconoclasm. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgamben, G. (2005), Profanaciones, Barcelona, Anagrama.Arbeola, V. M. (1973), Socialismo y anticlericalismo, Madrid, Taurus.Arce Fustero, G. (2018), De espaldas a Cristo. Una historia del anticlericalisme en Colombia, 1849-1948, Medellín, Editorial Universidad de Medellín.Aston, M. (1988), England’s Iconoclasts, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Auzépy, M. F. (1987), “L’iconodulie: Défense de l’image ou de la devotion de l’image”, en Boesfplug, F. y Lossy, N. (comp.), Nicée II, 787-19 87. Douze siecles d’imagerie religieuse, París, Cerf, 157-164.Bataille, G. (2007 [1957]), El erotismo, Barcelona, Tusquets.Bateson, G. y Bateson, M. C. (1989), El temor de los ángeles. Epistemología de lo sagrado, Barcelona, Gedisa, 29-64.Bajtin, M. (1988 [1965]), La cultura popular en la Edad Media y el Renacimiento. El contexto de François Rabelais, Madrid, Alianza.Beçanson, A. (2003), La imagen prohibida: Una historia intelectual de la iconoclastia, Madrid, Siruela.Benjamin, W. (2014 [1921]), El capitalismo como religión, Madrid, La Llama.Benedict, R. (1938), “Religion”, en Boas, F. (ed.), General Anthropology, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 627-655.Beránek, O. y Ťupek, P. (2018), The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam. Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry, Edimburgo, Edinburgh University Press.Bernard, C. y Gruzinski, S. (1993), De la idolatría. Hacia una arqueología de las ciencias de la religión, México DF, FCE.Blom, P. (2007), Encyclopédie. El triunfo de la razón en tiempos irracionales, Barcelona, Anagrama.Caillois, R. (2014 [1939]), El hombre y lo sagrado, México DF, FCE.Crew, Ph. M. (1978), Calvinist Preaching and lconoclasm in the Neederlanden, 1544-1566, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Cottret, B. (1984), “Pour une sémiotique de la Réforme: Le Consensus Tigurinus (1549) et la Brève résolution... (1555) de Calvin”, Annales ESC, 40 (2), 265-285.Crouzet, D. (1990), Les Guerriers de Dieu. La violence au temps des troubles de religion, París, Champ Vallon, 2 vols.Cueva, J. de la, (1998): “El anticlericalismo en la Segunda República y la Guerra Civil”, en La Parra López, E. y Suárez Cortina, M. (eds.), El anticlericalismo español contemporáneo, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 211-230.–(2000), “’Si los curas y frailes supieran…’ La violencia anticlerical”, en Juliá, S. (dir.), Violencia política en la España del siglo XX, Madrid, Taurus, 191-233.Cueva Merino, J. de la, y Montero García, F. (eds.) (2007), La secularización conflictiva. España (1898-1931), Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva.–(2009), Laicismo y catolicismo. El conflicto político-religioso en la segunda república, Alcalá de Henares, Universidad de Alcalá.De Baets, A. (2014), “The Year Zero: Iconoclastic breaks with the past”, Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Politologica, 13, 3-18.Delgado, M. (2012), La ira sagrada. Anticlericalismo, iconoclastia y antirritualismo en la España contemporánea, Barcelona, RBA.Di Stefano, R. (2010), Ovejas negras. Historia de los anticlericales argentinos, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana.Durkheim, É. (2006 [1906]), “Determinación del hecho social”, en Sociología y filosofía, Buenos Aires, Schapire, 35-65.– (2008 [1912]), Las formas elementales de la vida religiosa, Alianza, Madrid.Davis, N. Z. (1993), “Los ritos de la violencia”, en Sociedad y cultura en la Francia moderna, Barcelona, Crítica, 149-185.Eliade, M. (1981 [1957]), Lo sagrado y lo profano, Madrid, Guadarrama.Freedberg, D. (2017), Iconoclasia. Historia y psicología de la violencia contra las imágenes, Vitoria-Buenos Aires, Sans Soleil Ediciones.Hubert, H, y Mauss, M. (2010 [1899]), “Ensayo sobre el sacrificio”, en Mauss, M., El sacrificio. Magia, mito y razón, Buenos Aires, Las Cuarenta.Gamboni, D. (2014), La destrucción del arte: iconoclasia y vandalismo desde la Revolución Francesa, Madrid, Cátedra.Garrisson Estebe, J. (1975), “The rites of violence: Religious riot in Sixteenth Century France”, Past & Present, 66, 127-150.Giobellina, F. (2014), El lado oscuro. La polaridad sagrado/profano en Durkheim y sus avatares, Buenos Aires, Katz.Girard, R. (1983), La violencia y lo sagrado. Anagrama, Barcelona.Gofmann, E. (2009 [1959]), La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana, Buenos Aires, Amorrortu.Goody, J. (1999), “¿Iconos e iconoclastia en África? Ausencia y ambivalencia”, en Representaciones y contradicciones, Barcelona, Paidós, 51-90.Grabar, A. (1998), La Iconoclastia bizantina, Madrid, Akal.Gruzinski, S. (2014), La Colonización de lo imaginario, México DF, FCE.Gumbrecht, H. U. (2005), Producción de presencia. Lo que el significado no puede transmitir, México DF, Universidad Iberoaméricana.Habermas, J. (2011), El poder de la religión en la esfera pública, Madrid, Trotta.Hermant, D. (1978), “Destructions et vandalisme pendant la Révolution française”, Annales ESC, 33 (4), 703-719.Hill, Ch. (2015), El mundo trastornado. El ideario popular extremista en la Revolución inglesa del siglo XVII, Madrid, Siglo XXI.La Parra López, E. y Suárez Cortina, M. (eds.) (1998), El anticlericalismo español contemporáneo, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva.Lalouette, J. (1997), “El anticlericalismo en Francia, 1877-1914”, en Cruz, R. (ed.), El anticlericalismo, Madrid, Marcial Pons, (27), 15-38.Lannon, F. (1990), Privilegio, persecución y profecía. La iglesia católica en España, 1875-1975, Madrid, Alianza.Latour, B. (2002), “What is Iconoclash? or Is there a world beyond the image wars?”, en Weibel, P. y Latour, B., Iconoclash, Beyond the Image-Wars in Science, Religion and Art, Cambridge, ZKM and MIT Press, 14-37.Ledesma, J. L. (2005), “La ‘santa ira popular’ del 36: la violencia en guerra civil y revolución, entre cultura y política”, en Muñoz, J., Ledesma, J. L. y Rodrigo, J. (coords.), Madrid, Sierte Mares, 147-192.Leiris, M. (2007 [1931]), El África fantasmal. De Dakar a Yibuti, 1931-1933, Valencia, Pre-textos.Llobera, J. (1996), El dios de la modernidad. El desarrollo del nacionalismo en Europa occidental, Barcelona, Anagrama.Luther, M. (2012 [1529]), Grand Catéchisme, Florencia, Nabu Press.Mannelli, S. (2002), Anticlericalismo e democrazia: Storia del Partito radicale in Italia e a Roma, 1901–1914, Soveria Marelli, Rubbettimo.Martínez Assad, C. (1991), El laboratorio de la revolución. El Tabasco garridista, México DF, Siglo XXI.Mellor, A. (1967), Historia del anticlericalismo francés, Bilbao, Mensajero.Milhazes, J. (2012), “Comunismo como fase suprema do anticlericalismo”, Cultura, Espaço & Memória, 3, 63-78.Mitchell, T. J. (1988), Violence and Piety in Spanish Folklore, Minesotta, University of Pennsylvania Press.Mochizuki, M. M. (2006), The Netherlandish Image after Iconoclasm, 1566–1672. Material Religion in the Dutch Golden Age, Londres, Routledge.Otaola, J. (1999), Laicidad. Una estrategia para la libertad, Barcelona, Bellaterra.Otto, R. (1980 [1917]), Lo santo. Lo racional y lo irracional en la idea de Dios, Madrid, Alianza.Philipps, J. (1973), The Reformation of lmages: Destruction of Art in England, 1535-1600, Berkeley, University of Berkeley Press.Prades, J. A. (1998) Lo sagrado. Del mundo arcaico a la actualidad, Barcelona, Península.Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1996 [1939]), “Tabú”, en Estructura y función en la sociedad primitiva, Barcelona, Península, 153-173.Rambelli, F. y Reinders, E. (2012), Buddhism and Iconoclasm in East Asia: A History, Londres/Nueva York, Blombsbury.Ranzato, G. (1997), “Dies irae. La persecuzione religiosa nella zona republicana durante la guerra civile spagnola (1936-1939)”, en La difficile modernità e altri saggi sulla storia della Spagna contemporanea, Turín, Edizioni dell’Orso, 195-220.Reinders, E. (2004), “Monkey kings make havoc: iconoclasm and murder in the Chinese cultural revolution”, Religion, 34, 191-209.Ríos Figueroa, J. (2002), Siglo XX. Muerte y resurrección de la Iglesia Católica en Chiapas, San Cristóbal de las Casas, UNAM.Romero, P. G. (2002), El ojo de la batalla. Estudios sobre iconoclastia e iconodulia, historia del arte y vanguardia moderna, Valencia, Col·legi Major Rector Peset.Sansi, R. (2009), « Intenció i atzar en la historia del fetitxe », Quaderns de l’Institut Català d’Antropologia, 23 (8), 139-158.Sarró, R. (2009), The Politics of religious change on the Upper Guinea Coast: Iconoclasm done and undone, Edimburgo, Edinburgh University Press.Simmel, G. (1986 [1908]), “El secreto y la sociedad secreta”, en Sociología, Madrid, Alianza, vol. I, 357-424.Thomas, M. (2014), La Fe y la furia: violencia anticlerical popular e iconoclasta en España, 1931-1936, Granada, Comares.Tylor, R. P. (1985), The Death and the Resurrection Show. From Shamanism to Superstars, Londres, Blond.Ullman, J. C. (2009 [1968]), La Semana Trágica, Barcelona, Ediciones B.
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Monzón Pertejo, Elena. "Con flores a María. La resignificación de imágenes como estrategia del artivismo feminista." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte, no. 11 (June 12, 2023): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.36361.

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En 2018, en el clima prelectoral de las elecciones generales, una obra realizada por la artista Charo Corrales sufrió un acto iconoclasta. Se trataba de la obra titulada Con flores a María, donde la artista presentaba su rostro en lugar del de la Inmaculada Concepción de Aranjuez de Murillo. Con el fotomontaje, Corrales se mostraba como una Inmaculada masturbándose ante el público. La obra formaba parte de una exposición colectiva bajo el título Maculadas sin remedio. En el presente texto se estudian las relaciones entre arte, transgresión e iconoclasia, entendiéndose la resignificación de imágenes religiosas como una estrategia del artivismo feminista. En la primera parte, se aportan los elementos teóricos clave para poder realizar este tipo de análisis, así como las pertinentes definiciones y precisiones en torno a los conceptos de transgresión y blasfemia. Posteriormente, se analiza la obra de Corrales en su contexto, para luego mostrar otras manifestaciones artísticas en las que la figura de María es reinterpretada. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la iconoclasia y la censura para dar paso a las conclusiones.
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SATTOUF, Nada. "D comme demain, ou le croisement des figures dans Le Cahier de Hana Makhmalbaf." Revue plurilingue : Études des Langues, Littératures et Cultures 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/ellic.v1i1.17.

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Abstract Under the orders of Mollah Omar, the Talibans imposed an iconoclasm prohibiting any living representation. Buddhas were demolished, while the children of Bamiyan, born of explosive powder, came to live in Hana Makhmalbaf's first feature film Le Cahier (2007). This film seeks to make poetry and thick. Two shots are blurred: the fiction of childish games and the reality of seriousness. Résumé Sous les ordres de Mollah Omar, les Talibans imposèrent une iconoclastie interdisant toute représentation vivante. Bouddhas furent démolis, alors que les enfants de Bâmiyân, nés de poudre des explosifs, vinrent habiter le premier long métrage de Hana Makhmalbaf, Le Cahier (2007). Ce film cherche à faire poésie et épaisseur. Deux plans s’y brouillent : la fiction des jeux enfantins et la réalité du sérieux.
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Puric, Jovan,. "The dialogue of the iconoclasts with the iconophiles." Zograf, no. 34 (2010): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1034013p.

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The study represents an analytical review of iconoclasm, a Christological heresy that appeared in Byzantium and lasted for two centuries. After the first section The possibilities of expressing Jesus Christ and the holy servants of God by means of icons, which describes the historical and theological background of the said problem, explanations are given of the kinds of "icons" and the different dimensions of the notion of an "icon" - the natural and hand-made icon, and subsequently, of the relationship of the image and the original, along with the dogmatic foundation of all hypotheses and claims. This two-part study, in addition to using the relevant sources, explains the relationship of the iconoclasts and the iconophiles, at that time in Byzantium and throughout history, right up to the present day
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Prat Altimira, Ignasi. "El poder en ausencia. Iconografía fantasma de Felipe VI." ANIAV - Revista de Investigación en Artes Visuales, no. 10 (March 31, 2022): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2022.16527.

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A pesar de que a lo largo de la historia ha sido una constante la manifestación de tipo de formas de rechazo hacia la imagen del jefe del estado en el territorio catalán, el aumento de la tensión política entre Cataluña y el estado español a partir del año 2012, ha dado lugar a un aumento del fenómeno iconoclasta. Las imágenes que integran el presente ensayo visual son el resultado de una actividad de arqueología de la imagen, que da cuenta del fenómeno iconoclasta anti borbónico que tiene lugar en los salones de plenos de Cataluña. Concretamente el artículo pone el foco en el registro de las huellas producto de la retirada del retrato oficial de Felipe VI. Esta forma de iconoclasia simbólica o indirecta se basa en el propósito de dañar, mediante el desplazamiento o la ocultación de la imagen, el principio de integridad de una obra de arte que ha sido concebida específicamente para un contexto de oficialidad. Los indicios de una antigua presencia en las imágenes invocan una iconografía ausente y se constituyen como agentes expresivos de las tensiones políticas del momento.
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Budd, Joel. "Rethinking Iconoclasm in Early Modern England: the Case of Cheapside Cross." Journal of Early Modern History 4, no. 3-4 (2000): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006500x00051.

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AbstractProtestant iconoclasm has generally been understood as an assault on the beliefs and practices of traditional religion. This article challenges that understanding through a detailed study of Cheapside Cross, a large monument that was repeatedly attacked by iconoclasts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It draws on contemporary pamphlets and the manuscripts records of the City of London to reveal the complex variety of associations that Cheapside Cross acquired before and during the Reformation era. It argues that perceptions of the monument were shaped not only by its iconography but also by its involvement in ceremonies and rituals, including royal coronation processions. The iconoclastic attacks on Cheapside Cross should be interpreted not merely as a challenge to traditional beliefs but as attempts to restructure the monument's associations. The paper concludes that attacks on other images may be understood in a similar manner.
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O’Loughlin, Ben. "Deflating the iconoclash: shifting the focus from Islamic State’s iconoclasm to its realpolitik." Critical Studies in Media Communication 35, no. 1 (January 2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2017.1393098.

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Shore, Daniel. "Why Milton Is Not an Iconoclast." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 1 (January 2012): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.1.22.

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For thirty years the scholarly consensus has been that John Milton was an iconoclast, an idol breaker. I argue that instead of destroying idols, Milton's poems capture and preserve them under judgment. By investing captured idols with poetic care even as he hollows them out from the inside, Milton refashions them as the instruments of their own disenchantment. This alternative response resembles what the theorist Bruno Latour calls “iconoclash.” Even Eikonoklastes, which Milton wrote in refutation of Charles I's Eikon Basilike, is not an iconoclastic tract. I suggest that his late poems gain much of their aesthetic power from the idols they preserve, through a kind of Lucretian experience that I call the “idolatrous sublime.”
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Curelly, Laurent. "Anne-Marie Miller-Blaise, Le Verbe fait image. Iconoclasme, écriture figurée et théologie de l’Incarnation chez les poètes métaphysiques. Le cas de George Herbert." XVII-XVIII, no. 70 (December 31, 2013): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/1718.541.

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Pinazo Pinazo, Juan Manuel. "El Trasfondo político-religioso contra el Iconoclasmo en Juan Damasceno." Revista Eviterna, no. 13 (March 16, 2023): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/eviternare.vi13.15735.

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Aunque la fama de Juan Damasceno (ca. 675-ca. 754) como teólogo y defensor de las imágenes sagradas es un hecho reconocido, su influencia en la controversia iconoclasta de los siglos VIII y IX es difícil de precisar. Las fuentes que pudieran aportar datos fiables sobre el autor y su obra son problemáticas, lo que dificulta la labor de contextualizar correctamente al monje de Damasco. En este artículo tenemos la intención de mostrar su oposición a la intromisión de la esfera del poder temporal en los asuntos eclesiásticos tal como se desprende de su apología de los iconos. Creemos que, si se analiza este episodio a la luz de la disputa de Máximo el Confesor un siglo antes contra la herejía monotelita, puede reflejar apropiadamente el trasfondo político-religioso y doctrinal de la contienda de las imágenes sagradas, que llevó al iconoclasmo institucionalizado a excomulgar a nuestro autor en cuestión y condenarlo a una damnatio memoriae.
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Oliveira, Júlio César Magalhães De, and Júlio César Magalhães. "« Vt maiores pagani non sint! » Pouvoir, iconoclasme et action populaire à Carthage au début du Ve siècle (saint Augustin, Sermons 24, 279 et Morin 1)." Antiquité Tardive 14 (January 2006): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.at.2.302433.

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ΛΟΥΓΓΗΣ, Τηλέμαχος Κ. "Δοκίμιο για την κοινωνική εξέλιξη στη διάρκεια των λεγόμενων «σκοτεινών αιώνων»." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 6 (September 29, 1985): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.701.

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<p> </p><p>T. C. Lounghis</p><p>Essai sur l'évolution sociale à Byzance pendant les «siècles obscurs»<em> </em></p><p>Se basant sur les données des sources narratives (Chronographies de Théophane et de Nicéphore et quelques vies de saints) l'étude tâche de suivre les changements internes de la société byzantine, change­ments qui, depuis la révolution de Phocas en 602, ont abouti à la transformation radicale de ses structures vers le troisième quart du IXe siècle.</p><p>La première partie, sous le titre «la fin de l'aristocratie protobyzantine» mène de 602 à la mort du second empereur iconoclaste Constantin V en 775: pendant le VIIe siècle, la noblesse sénatoriale qui avait pu -jusqu'à la fin du VIe siècle - intégrer et assimiler dans ses rangs les débris de l'ex-aristocratie provinciale des <em>curiales, </em>mène une lutte de survie contre la force ascendante de la société byzantine de l'époque qu'est l'armée provinciale des thèmes. Entre ces deux camps qui se heurtent violem­ment, les empereurs de la dynastie d'Héraclius n'ont pas d'attitudes semblables: Héraclius et Constantin IV sont pour le sénat et ils ont à l'égard de l'armée une méfiance vindicative; par contre, Constant II et Justinien II mènent toute une lutte contre les nobles et les sénateurs et ils sont obligés à maintes reprises de prendre la fuite devant la haine de l'aristocratie. </p><p>Après maintes vicissitudes, l'armée peut renverser les empereurs qui soutiennent la noblesse sénatoriale Léonce, Philippicus et Anastase II, pendant que dans le camp des militaires le rapport des forces penche du côté des Anatoliques avec Léon l'Isaurien tandis que, jusqu'en 716/717 les soldats de l'Opsikion en constituaient la force pré­pondérante. Après 717 la noblesse sénatoriale passe à l'opposition et l'armée triomphante donne l'assaut contre la dernière partie de l'ari­stocratie protobyzantine qui est restée intacte jusqu'alors: le haut clergé et les moines. La lutte entre l'armée et le clergé constitue le noyau de la lutte sociale pendant le premier Iconoclasme. Tout au long de la narration sont eclaircis maints détails en aboutissant à d'identifications de détail (l'amiral Jean de 715 est le même amiral Jean de 698, le sceau d'Isôès, comte de l'Opsikion etc.).</p><p>La deuxième partie sous le titre «les débuts de la nouvelle aristocratie byzantine» a comme point de départ la capitulation idéologique des chefs de l'armée des thèmes devant l'autorité du clergé et des moines, peu après la victoire des militaires sous Constantin V. L'alliance entre les chefs de l'armée et le clergé constitue le noyau de la nouvelle ari­stocratie byzantine qui ne cessera dans l'avenir d'élargir son influence et ses activités, au point de rendre l'institution impériale de plus en plus inefficace pendant le IXe siècle. Nicéphore Ier et Staurakios qui sont déjà pleinement conscients du fait que l'aristocratie mentionnée comme nouvelle dans la Chronique de l'an 811 peut réduire le régime byzantin en <em>démocratie, </em>reprennent les réformes de Constantin V sans le prétexte iconoclaste qui ne peut plus leur assurer le support des stratèges; Léon V et Théophile font de vains efforts pour subjuguer l'alliance entre le clergé et l'armée en ranimant la querelle iconoclaste mais le prétexte iconoclaste n'a plus aucune chance. L'échec de Théophile prend des dimensions alarmantes sous le règne de Michel III qui est totalement dépassé par les initiatives de la nouvelle aristocratie qu'avait vainement combattu son père. Ainsi, l'avènement de Basile Ier peut être désigné comme une réaction de l'institution impériale devant le danger que constitue pour elle la nouvelle aristocratie. Le schéma théorique exposé ci-dessus est suivi pas à pas et presque rien n'est laissé au hasard: la disparition des institutions protobyzantines et leur remplacement par de nouvelles institutions depuis le VIIe siècle; l'évolution du régime des thèmes; la soi-disante rébellion des Arméniaques en 793 ; l'apparition de la nouvelle aristocratie dans la Chronique de l'an 811; le rôle des mouvements populaires (Thomas le Slave et, dans une certaine mesure, les Pauliciens); les relations entre l'armée et le clergé à tout moment donné; la destinée des officiers moyens de l'armée après la capitulation idéologique de leurs chefs; les initiatives politiques de la nouvelle aristocratie; l'attitude de Michel II le Bègue en tant que premier empereur qui s'appuie consciemment sur la nou­velle aristocratie; la révolte avortée de Bardanès Tourcos etc.</p><p>L'étude vise à démontrer que toutes les transformations politiques, institutionnelles etc. qui ont dû avoir lieu pendant les «siècles obscurs» sont des produits concrets et directs ou indirects d'une lutte sociale très réelle et très profonde à la fois qui a mené à de changements de structures, à de changements qualitatifs. Tandis que la noblesse proto­byzantine était composée par la noblesse sénatoriale, la noblesse des villes de province et le clergé, la noblesse mésobyzantine est composée principalement par l'armée et le clergé (vu que m. A. Guillou a déjà re­marqué en ce qui concerne l'exarchat de Ravenne au VIIe siècle). Une attention particulière est accordée aux vicissitudes du rôle des militaires, depuis la «terreur» de Phocas jusqu'à l'avènement de Basile Ier. Quelques empereurs, tel Constantin IV ou Anastase II perdent quelque chose de leur auréole, tandis que d'autres, tel Constant II et Justinien II sont placés sans louanges dans le vrai contexte politique de leur époque. Toute la structure de l'étude, en dernière analyse, tend à soutenir que des affirmations comme «Héraclius s'est trompé d'ennemi (au lieu d'atta­quer les Arabes, il a détruit la Perse!!!), ou «tel empereur est mort très jeune» ou encore «Michel III était bon ou mauvais empereur» n'ont au­cune place dans la science de l'Histoire et doivent en être définitivement exclus.</p>
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Tingle, Elizabeth. "Les Casseurs de l’ été 1566: L’ iconoclasme dans le Nord, by Solange Deyon and Alain LottinLille, citadelle de la Contre-Réforme, 1598–1668, by Alain Lottin." English Historical Review 131, no. 551 (July 14, 2016): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew145.

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48

Fahrudin, Akhyar. "Analisis Ikonoklasme Nurcholish Madjid pada Kaligrafi Abdul Djalil Pirous." Jurnal Riset Agama 2, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jra.v2i2.16744.

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The purpose of this. study was to analyze iconoclasm in A.D. Pirous's calligraphy using Nurcholish Madjid's iconoclasm theory. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results and discussion of this research include the biography of A.D. Pirous, the theory of iconoclasm of Nurcholish Madjid, and the analysis of iconoclasm in A.D. Pirous's calligraphy paintings. This study concludes that A.D. Pirous is an Acehnese Muslim artist who developed calligraphy in Indonesia. By establishing his school, Pirous calligraphy created a new style in Islamic art in Indonesia. According to Nurcholish Madjid, Islam is a religion that still applies the concept of iconoclasm in its teachings, including those related to works of art such as calligraphy. The analysis of Nurcholish Madjid's iconoclasm on A.D. Pirous's calligraphy can be seen from two aspects: the release of Pirous in following the rules of calligraphy and the elimination of the sacredness his calligraphy. This research is recommended for further and in-depth research on calligraphy painting or other works of art and the use of iconoclasm theory as an analytical tool, especially Nurcholish Madjid's iconoclasm and other theological studies.
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Mochizuki, M. M. "Iconoclasms." Oxford Art Journal 37, no. 1 (February 10, 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kct038.

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Parra-Bañón, José Joaquín. "Gabrielle Wittkop y Juan Rodolfo Wilcock: decreación y recreación literaria de imágenes." Laocoonte. Revista de Estética y Teoría de las Artes, no. 9 (December 19, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/laocoonte.0.9.24609.

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Escribir literariamente también puede ser una forma de practicar la iconoclasia. Hubo y hay en esta época visual escritoras y escritores, creadores verbales de imágenes, productores de representaciones y de simulacros, que son quirúrgica y terapéuticamente iconoclastas. Gabrielle Wittkop y Juan Rodolfo Wilcock son dos de los contemporáneos que con su obra han puesto en evidencia algunos de los métodos más útiles para ejercerla. Estrategias no de destrucción formal ni de negación ideológica, sino procesos de construcción basados en la decreación (como disolución de la forma) y la recreación (como resultado de un proyecto) de obras artísticas. Mediante la autopsia de cuatro obras marginales, de La sinagoga de los iconoclastas, El libro de los monstruos, El necrófilo y Cada día es un árbol que cae, en “Gabrielle Wittkop y Juan Rodolfo Wilcock: decreación y recreación literaria de imágenes” se postula que la literatura que se ha interesado por el arte, que lo ha integrado en ella, no como digresión o como asunto sujeto al análisis, sino como materia prima, ha sido iconoclasta.
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