Journal articles: 'ICR studies'

1

Allgeier, Steven C., Hiba M. Shukairy, and James J. Westrick. "ICR treatment studies." Journal - American Water Works Association 90, no. 11 (November 1998): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1998.tb08535.x.

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MARUYAMA, Shigeo, Tetsuya YOSHIDA, and Masamichi KOHNO. "FT-ICR Studies of Laser Desorbed Carbon Clusters." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 65, no. 639 (1999): 3791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.65.3791.

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KHAN, SALMAN N., and PANOS S. SHIAKOLAS. "TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF INTRASTROMAL CORNEAL RING GEOMETRY AND SURGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE POSTSURGICAL OUTCOMES THROUGH FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 07 (November 2016): 1650101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416501013.

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Intrastromal corneal ring (ICR) is a transparent circular implant inserted in the cornea to provide structural support in an attempt to alleviate preexisting refractive errors. This is a surgical procedure whose success depends on control parameters such as, ICR geometry which includes ICR thickness and diameter, and surgical conditions which includes ICR implantation depth and diameter of corneal pocket. This research utilizes finite element (FE) analysis techniques to develop a high fidelity and computationally efficient three-dimensional axisymmetric cornea model to study the relative effects of ICR implant geometry and surgical conditions on the postsurgical shape of the cornea utilizing corneal apical displacement results. The FE analysis results indicate that ICR implantation reduces myopia, and the amount of myopic rectification is dependent on the control parameters which include ICR geometry and surgical conditions. The results show that an increase in ICR thickness leads to an increase in myopic rectification, whereas an increase in ICR radius leads to a decrease in myopic rectification. ICR implantation depth analysis results suggest that corneal depth of 40–75% provides steady myopic rectification. Corneal pocket diameter analysis revealed that smaller corneal pockets lead to increase in myopic rectification. Overall, the FE model results are in qualitative agreement with published clinical studies. Finally, the combined impact of the control parameters on myopic rectification was studied by conducting a sensitivity analysis and an equation relating myopic rectification with control parameters was developed utilizing simple linear regression analysis.

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Smalley, R. E. "Ft-Icr Studies With Laser-Generated Supersonic Cluster Beams." Instrumentation Science & Technology 17, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739148808543664.

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Myla, Subbarao, and Sepideh Kazemi. "Interventional Perspectives on Carotid Stenting – Examining the Trial Data." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 1 (2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.1.76.

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Over the past two decades, carotid stenting has been one of the most extensively studied endovascular innovations for stroke prevention. The technique has evolved from a carotid balloon angioplasty, to treating a few hard-to-reach carotid lesions in the thorax or upper cervical and intracranial areas, to treating hostile necks not suitable for carotid endarterectomy. Eventually, refined carotid stenting with distal and more recently, proximal embolic protection rose to the challenge and is now competing for a legitimate position against carotid endarterectomy in the mainstream routine revascularisation of low-risk patients. As we track the evolution of carotid stenting from individual case studies through registries to randomised studies we gain insights into technique, pharmacological therapy, indications and unique complications.

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O’Connor, Cliodhna, and Helene Joffe. "Intercoder Reliability in Qualitative Research: Debates and Practical Guidelines." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940691989922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919899220.

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Evaluating the intercoder reliability (ICR) of a coding frame is frequently recommended as good practice in qualitative analysis. ICR is a somewhat controversial topic in the qualitative research community, with some arguing that it is an inappropriate or unnecessary step within the goals of qualitative analysis. Yet ICR assessment can yield numerous benefits for qualitative studies, which include improving the systematicity, communicability, and transparency of the coding process; promoting reflexivity and dialogue within research teams; and helping convince diverse audiences of the trustworthiness of the analysis. Few guidelines exist to help researchers negotiate the assessment of ICR in qualitative analysis. The current article explains what ICR is, reviews common arguments for and against its incorporation in qualitative analysis and offers guidance on the practical elements of performing an ICR assessment.

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Qualman, Stephen J., Cheryl M. Coffin, William A. Newton, Hiroshi Hojo, Timothy J. Triche, David M. Parham, and William M. Crist. "Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study: Update for Pathologists." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 1, no. 6 (November 1998): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900076.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, and 75% of such cases in the United States are reviewed at the Pathology Center for the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG). The first four generations of IRSG therapeutic trials (IRS I–IV) and supportive pathologic studies have generated a new International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) that offers new morphologic concepts to the practicing pathologist. The objective of this report is to clearly define emerging histopathologic categories of RMS as defined by the ICR, and to emphasize correlative immunohistochemical or molecular studies. Emerging ICR variants of RMS place the patient in widely divergent prognostic categories (superior, botryoid or spindle cell variants; poor, solid alveolar or diffusely anaplastic variants). The cardinal histopathologic features of the ICR combined with results of studies of fusion genes seen with t(1;13) and t(2;13) will help delineate therapeutic subgroups of RMS for the fifth generation (IRS V) of IRSG studies. Consequently, it is imperative for the practicing pathologist to be familiar with the practical workup and diagnosis of RMS in childhood.

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Burns, Philip A., Jane H. Kinnaird, Brian J. Kilbey, and John R. S. Fincham. "SEQUENCING STUDIES OF ICR-170 MUTAGENIC SPECIFICITY IN THE am (NADP-SPECIFIC GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE) GENE OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA." Genetics 113, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/113.1.45.

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ABSTRACT The acridine half-mustard ICR-170-induced reversion of the mutant am15, which has a single base-pair deletion, at a frequency of between 9 and 28 × 10-6. In each of three classes of revertants, the mutagen had induced the insertion of a (see PDF) base pair at a (see PDF) site. The mutant am6, which has a single base pair insertion, is known to be revertible, with UV light, by deletion of a (see PDF) base pair at a (see PDF) site. This mutant reverted with ICR-170 at a frequency of 0.1 × 10-6. These results show that ICR-170 is able to induce addition frameshifts in Neurospora crassa within short, monotonous runs of G:C base pairs, but indicate a lack of deletion activity at such sequences.

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9

Hampsey, D. M., R. A. Koski, and F. Sherman. "Highly mutable sites for ICR-170-induced frameshift mutations are associated with potential DNA hairpin structures: studies with SUP4 and other Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 12 (December 1986): 4425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.12.4425.

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The majority of the mutations induced by ICR-170 in both the CYC1 gene (J. F. Ernst et al. Genetics 111:233-241, 1985) and the HIS4 gene (L. Mathison and M. R. Culbertson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2247-2256, 1985) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recently shown to be single G . C base-pair insertions at monotonous runs of two or more G . C base pairs. However, not all sites were equally mutable; in both the CYC1 and HIS4 genes there is a single highly mutable site where a G . C base pair is preferentially inserted at a [sequence in text]. Here we report the ICR-170 mutagen specificity at the SUP4-o tyrosine tRNA gene of yeast. Genetic fine structure analysis and representative DNA sequence determination of ICR-170-induced mutations revealed that there is also a single highly mutable site in SUP4-o and that the mutation is a G . C base-pair insertion at a monotonous run of G . C base pairs. Analysis of DNA sequences encompassing the regions of highly mutable sites for all three genes indicated that the mutable sites are at the bases of potential hairpin structures; this type of structure could not be found at any of the other, less mutable G . C runs in SUP4, CYC1, and HIS4. Based on these results and recent information regarding novel DNA structural conformations, we present a mechanism for ICR-170-induced mutagenesis. (i) ICR-170 preferentially binds to DNA in the beta conformation; factors that increase the temporal stability of this structure, such as adjacent stem-and-loop formation, increase the frequency of ICR-170 binding; (ii) the observed mutagen specificity reflects formation of a preferred ICR-170 intercalative geometry at [sequence in text] sites; (iii) during replication or repair, ICR-170 remains associated with the single-stranded template; (iv) stuttering or strand slippage by the polymerization complex as it encounters the mutagen results in nucleotide duplication; (v) subsequent replication or mismatch repair fixes the insertion into the genome. This mechanism accounts for both the IRC-170 mutagenic specificity and the molecular basis of the highly mutable sites in S. cerevisiae.

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10

Hampsey, D. M., R. A. Koski, and F. Sherman. "Highly mutable sites for ICR-170-induced frameshift mutations are associated with potential DNA hairpin structures: studies with SUP4 and other Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 12 (December 1986): 4425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.12.4425-4432.1986.

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The majority of the mutations induced by ICR-170 in both the CYC1 gene (J. F. Ernst et al. Genetics 111:233-241, 1985) and the HIS4 gene (L. Mathison and M. R. Culbertson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2247-2256, 1985) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recently shown to be single G . C base-pair insertions at monotonous runs of two or more G . C base pairs. However, not all sites were equally mutable; in both the CYC1 and HIS4 genes there is a single highly mutable site where a G . C base pair is preferentially inserted at a [sequence in text]. Here we report the ICR-170 mutagen specificity at the SUP4-o tyrosine tRNA gene of yeast. Genetic fine structure analysis and representative DNA sequence determination of ICR-170-induced mutations revealed that there is also a single highly mutable site in SUP4-o and that the mutation is a G . C base-pair insertion at a monotonous run of G . C base pairs. Analysis of DNA sequences encompassing the regions of highly mutable sites for all three genes indicated that the mutable sites are at the bases of potential hairpin structures; this type of structure could not be found at any of the other, less mutable G . C runs in SUP4, CYC1, and HIS4. Based on these results and recent information regarding novel DNA structural conformations, we present a mechanism for ICR-170-induced mutagenesis. (i) ICR-170 preferentially binds to DNA in the beta conformation; factors that increase the temporal stability of this structure, such as adjacent stem-and-loop formation, increase the frequency of ICR-170 binding; (ii) the observed mutagen specificity reflects formation of a preferred ICR-170 intercalative geometry at [sequence in text] sites; (iii) during replication or repair, ICR-170 remains associated with the single-stranded template; (iv) stuttering or strand slippage by the polymerization complex as it encounters the mutagen results in nucleotide duplication; (v) subsequent replication or mismatch repair fixes the insertion into the genome. This mechanism accounts for both the IRC-170 mutagenic specificity and the molecular basis of the highly mutable sites in S. cerevisiae.

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11

Schindler, Thomas, Christian Berg, Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg, Vladimir E. Bondybey, Catherine Lugez, Andre Schriver, and Louise Schriver. "FT-ICR Studies of the Reaction of O+ with Methanol." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 16 (April 1994): 4316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100067a018.

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12

Wald, David S., and Jonathan P. Bestwick. "Preventive Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction – The Primacy of Randomised Trials." Interventional Cardiology Review 10, no. 1 (2015): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2015.10.1.32.

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Randomised trials show a benefit of preventive (non-infarct artery) percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, but non-randomised studies do not. The evidence on each is quantified and assessed. The primacy of randomised trials reveals the danger of using non-randomised studies that can, as in this case, give the wrong answer.

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13

McNulty, Edward. "Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Disease – A Review." Interventional Cardiology Review 8, no. 1 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2013.8.1.14.

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There have been over a dozen studies in the drug-eluting stent era comparing the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for the treatment of unprotected left main disease. These studies have been both randomised and observational in nature. While both methodologies provide important insights, careful consideration of their respective strengths and limitations is imperative in generalising their findings.

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14

Dekaney, Christopher M., Jerry J. Fong, Rachael J. Rigby, P. Kay Lund, Susan J. Henning, and Michael A. Helmrath. "Expansion of intestinal stem cells associated with long-term adaptation following ileocecal resection in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 5 (November 2007): G1013—G1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00218.2007.

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Sustained increases in mucosal surface area occur in remaining bowel following massive intestinal loss. The mechanisms responsible for expanding and perpetuating this response are not presently understood. We hypothesized that an increase in the number of intestinal stem cells (ISC) occurs following intestinal resection and is an important component of the adaptive response in mice. This was assessed in the jejunum of mice 2–3 days, 4–5 days, 6–7 days, 2 wk, 6 wk, and 16 wk following ileocecal resection (ICR) or sham operation. Changes in ISC following ICR compared with sham resulted in increased crypt fission and were assayed by 1) putative ISC population (SP) by flow cytometry, 2) Musashi-1 immunohistochemistry, and 3) bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) label retention. Observed early increases in crypt depth and villus height were not sustained 16 wk following operation. In contrast, long-term increases in intestinal caliber and overall number of crypts per circumference appear to account for the enhanced mucosal surface area following ICR. Flow cytometry demonstrated that significant increases in SP cells occur within 2–3 days following resection. By 7 days, ICR resulted in marked increases in crypt fission and Musashi-1 immunohistochemistry staining. Separate label-retention studies confirmed a 20-fold increase in BrdU incorporation 6 wk following ICR, confirming an overall increase in the number of ISC. These studies support that expansion of ISC occurs following ICR, leading to an overall increase number of crypts through a process of fission and intestinal dilation. Understanding the mechanism expanding ISCs may provide important insight into management of intestinal failure.

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15

Malviya, Manoj, Natascha T. Buswell, and Catherine G. P. Berdanier. "Visual and Statistical Methods to Calculate Intercoder Reliability for Time-Resolved Observational Research." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 1, 2021): 160940692110024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211002418.

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While calculating intercoder reliability (ICR) is straightforward for text-based data, such as for interview transcript excerpts, determining ICR for naturalistic observational video data is much more complex. To date, there have been few methods proposed in literature that are robust enough to handle complexities such as the occurrence of simultaneous event complexity and partial agreement by the raters. This is especially important with the emergence of high-resolution video data, which collects nearly continuous or continuous observational data in naturalistic settings. In this paper, we present three approaches to calculating ICR. First, we present the technical approach to clean and compare two coders’ results such that traditional metrics of ICR (e.g., Cohen’s κ, Krippendorff’s α, Scott’s Π) can be calculated, methods previously unarticulated in literature. However, these calculations are intensive, requiring significant data manipulation. As an alternative, this paper also proposes two novel methods to calculate ICR by algorithmically comparing visual representations of each coders’ results. To demonstrate efficacy of the approaches, we employ all three methods on data from two separate ongoing research contexts using observational data. We find that the visual methods perform as well as the traditional measures of ICR and offer significant reduction in the work required to calculate ICR, with an added advantage of allowing the researcher to set thresholds for acceptable agreement in lag time. These methods may transform the consideration of ICR in other studies across disciplines that employ observational data.

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Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon, and Vladimir E. Bondybey. "FT-ICR Studies of Solvation Effects in Ionic Water Cluster Reactions." Chemical Reviews 100, no. 11 (November 2000): 4059–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr990065o.

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17

Abboud, José-Luis M., Balázs Németh, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Peeter Burk, Aiko Adamson, and Eva Roos Nerut. "Dihydrogen Generation from Amine/Boranes: Synthesis, FT-ICR, and Computational Studies." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 13 (February 22, 2012): 3981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201102611.

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Fujii, Toshihisa, and Yoshifumi Hirabayashi. "Histochemical studies of glycosaminoglycans in developing periodontal ligaments of ICR mice." Anatomical Record 254, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(19990401)254:4<465::aid-ar2>3.0.co;2-8.

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19

Bolin, David C., William W. Carlton, R. E. Peterson, and Michael D. Grove. "Studies of the teratogenicity of xanthomegnin and viridicatumtoxin in ICR mice." Toxicology Letters 55, no. 3 (March 1991): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(91)90007-s.

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20

Rotondi, Olivia, PhiAnh Waldon, and Sahng G. Kim. "The Disease Process, Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Review." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8030064.

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Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a localized, subepithelial, supra-osseous resorptive process of the tooth. Although there are several predisposing factors associated with ICR, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The damage to the protective layer on the external root surface appears to allow for the attachment of clastic cells and initiate the resorptive process, which is confined by the inner protective pericanalar resorption-resistant sheet surrounding the root canal space. The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended for the diagnosis and assessment of a resorptive lesion. Based on the thorough evaluation of the size and location of the ICR lesion using CBCT, surgical or nonsurgical treatment can be chosen to address the source of the resorption. This review discusses the current status of knowledge regarding the biology of ICR lesions as well as their external or internal treatment using hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials. Future clinical outcome studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials on the healing of ICR lesions.

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21

Jean-Philippe, Collet. "Current Concepts in the Clinical Utility of Platelet Reactivity Testing." Interventional Cardiology Review 8, no. 2 (2013): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2013.8.2.100.

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The pharmacodynamic effect of clopidogrel varies among individuals; approximately a third will have high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to adenosine diphosphate and may benefit from more intensive antiplatelet therapy. Platelet reactivity testing has an important role in monitoring the therapeutic efficiency of clopidogrel and the safety of more potent drugs that confer an increased bleeding risk, because it provides a direct measure of the biological effect of these drugs. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between HTPR and the risk of cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While the prognostic value of platelet reactivity testing following PCI has been demonstrated repeatedly in cohort studies and meta-analyses, randomised controlled studies investigating the clinical utility of the technique to guide treatment decisions failed to improve clinical outcomes of clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing stent implantation. Available data suggest that platelet function monitoring may be carried out in clopidogrel-treated patients with a higher risk of thrombotic events. These include patient risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes, and those prior unexpected ischemic events such as stent thrombosis, as well as procedural risk factors. As we move towards conclusively defining a therapeutic window associated with both cardiovascular (upper threshold) and bleeding risk (lower threshold) for antiplatelet agents, platelet reactivity testing will become a central tool in the practice of personalised strategies.

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Routledge, Helen. "Questioning ‘Keep it Simple’ in Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Disease." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.2.150.

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The favoured approach for coronary bifurcation disease is provisional stenting, which involves stenting the main vessel (MV) and ignoring the side branch unless clinical circumstances warrant placement of a second stent. This approach is based on a number of studies showing that provisional stenting is superior to conventional two-stent approaches. There is reason to suspect, however, that the conventional wisdom regarding provisional stenting does not accurately reflect the risks and benefits of a traditional two-stent approach. Analysis of studies (e.g. Nordic I; Coronary Bifurcations: Application of the Crushing Technique Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stents [CACTUS]; and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study: Old, New and Evolving Strategies [BBC ONE]) shows that provisional stenting frequently has similar long-term outcomes to a conventional two-stent approach in some patient populations. The long-term superiority of provisional stenting in coronary bifurcation disease depends on measuring a periprocedural or post-procedural rise in cardiac enzymes; removing this measure results in similar long-term outcomes between provisional and conventional two-stent approaches. New technologies or techniques will hopefully yield clear, unambiguous improvement in coronary bifurcation stenting.

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23

Pires de Matos, A., M. A. Freitas, A. G. Marshall, N. Marques, A. Carvalho, P. C. Isolani, and G. Vicentini. "FT-ICR studies of polypyrazolyl-1-yl borates of europium(II) adducts." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 323-324 (July 2001): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01107-0.

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24

Maruyama, Shigeo, Lila R. Anderson, and Richard E. Smalley. "Direct injection supersonic cluster beam source for FT‐ICR studies of clusters." Review of Scientific Instruments 61, no. 12 (December 1990): 3686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141536.

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25

Romanzin, C., E. Louarn, J. Lemaire, J. Zabka, M. Polasek, J.-C. Guillemin, and C. Alcaraz. "FT-ICR studies of anionic reactions for the chemistry of planetary ionospheres." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 635, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 032112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032112.

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Natarajan, Deepak. "Combined Intracoronary Glycoprotein Inhibitors and Manual Thrombus Extraction in Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction – Does Incorporation of Both Have a Legitimate Role?" Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.2.182.

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In a substantial number of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), myocardial perfusion at the myocardial cellular level continues to be impaired despite achieving brisk antegrade flow in the infarct-related coronary artery by primary percutaneous intervention. This is attributable to embolisation of the coronary thrombus into the distal vasculature, producing microvascular plugging, vasospasm, interstitial oedema and cellular injury. There is consequently less salvage of infarct size, reduced left ventricular function and poorer clinical outcomes. Glycoprotein inhibitors are the most potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation and have been repeatedly shown to improve clinical outcomes in acute STEMI when administered intravenously. In recent years, randomised trials have demonstrated that glycoprotein inhibitors administered by the intracoronary route are safe and effective in reducing infarct size and providing better clinical outcomes than when given intravenously. Simultaneously, numerous randomised studies using adjunct manual thrombus extraction during primary percutaneous intervention in patients with acute STEMI have shown significantly better ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush grade, suggesting improved myocardial reperfusion, and, more importantly, significant one-year reductions in mortality. However, manual thrombus extraction cannot be used in all patients because there are occasions when the thrombus burden is too large to be aspirated completely or it is impossible to negotiate the thrombus extraction catheter beyond the occlusion. Similarly, glycoprotein inhibitors albeit delivered by the intracoronary route are unable to produce disaggregation of thrombus in all STEMI patients. A small pilot study involving 40 patients with acute STEMI demonstrated that the combination of intracoronary tirofiban and manual thrombus extraction is both safe and effective. However, there are no randomised data on the combined usage of intracoronary tirofiban and manual thrombus extraction in acute ST-elevation and, therefore, it is imperative that large, adequately powered, randomised studies are undertaken to study the synergistic effects of these two modalities. This article describes the various studies that have compared intracoronary glycoprotein inhibitors with the intravenous route and the rationale behind the advantages of manual thrombus extraction in the setting of acute STEMI.

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Pankov, V. A., N. V. Efimova, M. V. Kuleshova, and V. R. Motorov. "Carcinogenic risk assessment in aircraft construction workers." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-2-122-126.

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Individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) was assessed in workers of main occupations in aircraft construction industry of East Siberia. Levels of ICR were evaluated for the main occupations workers during 1 to 30 years of service. Th e workers’ exposure was assessed according to longstanding average shift concentrations in the air of workplace, for the population — by average annual concentrations in the ambient air. To evaluate the risk not associated with occupation, the dose was taken for a period of 70 years life. Calculating dose of toxic chemicals in the air of workplace, the authors used “standard” parameters of pulmonary ventilation for adults, weight, days of exposure (240), working time (8 hours as a working day). Individual carcinogenic risk for Irkutsk population equaled 3.0E–04, in Ulan-Ude — 4.8E–04. Th e risk value for the general population is due to formaldehyde and chromium VI. Th e workers of main occupations in enterprises with carcinogenic jeopardy have ICR dozens of times higher than the general urban population. Considering a share in ICR, leading carcinogens for the aircraft construction enterprise workers are: formaldehyde — vulcanizers, chromium and nickel — for other occupations. ICR is considered as unacceptable for occupational groups in 5–15 years aft er starting work under hazardous conditions. Despite high level of ICR, the occupational control incompletely covers monitoring of carcinogens. Existing system of occupational studies fails to disclose etiologic role of occupational factors in occurrence of malignancies.

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Belkacemi, Anouar, Pierfrancesco Agostoni, Michiel Voskuil, Pieter Doevendans, and Pieter Stella. "Drug-eluting Balloons in Coronary Artery Disease – Current and Future Perspectives." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.2.157.

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Percutaneous treatment of complex coronary lesions, such as small-vessel disease, diabetes and long diffuse disease, remain hampered by suboptimal results, even with the use of drug-eluting stents (DES). The paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon (DEB) is an interesting emerging device that optimises clinical outcomes in these specific lesions. The DEB may become a viable alternative treatment option for the inhibition of coronary restenosis and subsequent revascularisation, as it allows local release of a high-concentration antirestenotic drug, paclitaxel, into the coronary vessel without using a metal scaffold or durable polymers. Several studies have already shown promising and consistent results in the treatment of in-stent restenosis. The DEB has demonstrated its added value compared with certain DES. Inspired by these results, an increasing number of studies have been started in different coronary lesion subsets to explore the value of the DEB in a broader range of lesions. It will be interesting to see whether the DEB will find more indications beyond in-stent restenosis treatment. Moreover, will all DEBs offer the same added value, or will there be differences in efficacy among the DEBs produced by the various manufacturers? As was the case in the development of DES, now the puzzle pieces have to be put together for DEB.

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Efimova, Natalya V., Natalya A. Sudeikina, Vladimir R. Motorov, Galina V. Kurenkova, and Elizaveta P. Lemeshevskaya. "Comparative assessment of the dynamics of individual carcinogenic risk for workers of the main professions of wagon repair production." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-5-260-265.

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Introduction.Part of the population working at carcinogenic enterprises is exposed to double exposure to carcinogens (in industrial and domestic conditions), however, studies to assess the total inhalation exposure is practically not carried out.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of the contribution of working environment factors to the formation of individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) for workers in the main professions in the car repair company, including the assessment of the predicted values of occupational risks in the dynamics of work experience.Materials and methods. There was the calculation of the levels of ICR for workers of the main professions in the wagon wheel, wagon meintenance, wagon assembly workshops. The assessment of exposure for workers is given on long-term average concentrations in the air of the working area and on average annual concentrations in the atmospheric air. When calculating the doses of toxicants in the air of the working area, «standard» parameters of pulmonary ventilation for an adult, body weight, work experience in contact with carcinogenic substances — from 1 to 30 years, the number of days in contact — 240, working time — 8 hours (in accordance with the duration of the working day) were used.Results.Workers of major occupations carcinogenic enterprise levels ICR differ in dozens of times. Calculation of ICR at 30-year work experience showed that in all studied main and auxiliary professions the total ICR was in the 4th range (more than 1,0·10–3). Unacceptable values for the predicted ICR for the professions of «painter», «locksmith-electrician», «impregnator», «mechanic of rolling stock» begin with a 5-year work experience, the least carcinogenic is the work of a tinker, whose risk reaches an unacceptable level after 20 years of the work experience. Among the most dangerous jobs should be attributed to the wagon assembly workshop. In contribution to the ICR the leading carcinogens are benzene, nickel, formaldehyde.Conclusions:The problems of monitoring carcinogens in the production environment, expert assessments to prove the professional genesis of malignant neoplasms were considered; it is noted that the rank number of carcinogenic professions of wagon repair production is as follows: painter, electrician, impregnator, mechanic of rolling stock.

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Armstrong, Ehrin J. "Determining the Most Appropriate Mode of Coronary Artery Revascularisation in Patients With Diabetes." Interventional Cardiology Review 11, no. 1 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2016.11.01.44.

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Obstructive coronary artery disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous research has demonstrated that the clinical sequelae of coronary artery disease remains the most common cause of death in this population. As a result numerous observational studies and randomised clinical trials have evaluated the timing and mode of coronary artery revascularisation within this population. In this review, we survey the currently available data informing the indications and optimal method of coronary revascularisation for diabetic patients.

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Schübel, Ruth, Johanna Nattenmüller, Disorn Sookthai, Tobias Nonnenmacher, Mirja E. Graf, Lena Riedl, Christopher L. Schlett, et al. "Effects of intermittent and continuous calorie restriction on body weight and metabolism over 50 wk: a randomized controlled trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy196.

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ABSTRACT Background Although preliminary evidence suggests that intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) exerts stronger effects on metabolic parameters, which may link obesity and major chronic diseases, compared with continuous calorie restriction (CCR), there is a lack of well-powered intervention studies. Objective We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether ICR, operationalized as the “5:2 diet,” has stronger effects on adipose tissue gene expression, anthropometric and body composition measures, and circulating metabolic biomarkers than CCR and a control regimen. Design One hundred and fifty overweight and obese nonsmokers [body mass index (kg/m2) ≥25 to <40, 50% women], aged 35–65 y, were randomly assigned to an ICR group (5 d without energy restriction and 2 d with 75% energy deficit, net weekly energy deficit ∼20%), a CCR group (daily energy deficit ∼20%), or a control group (no advice to restrict energy) and participated in a 12-wk intervention phase, a 12-wk maintenance phase, and a 26-wk follow-up phase. Results Loge relative weight change over the intervention phase was −7.1% ± 0.7% (mean ± SEM) with ICR, −5.2% ± 0.6% with CCR, and −3.3% ± 0.6% with the control regimen (Poverall < 0.001, PICR vs. CCR = 0.053). Despite slightly greater weight loss with ICR than with CCR, there were no significant differences between the groups in the expression of 82 preselected genes in adipose tissue implicated in pathways linking obesity to chronic diseases. At the final follow-up assessment (week 50), weight loss was −5.2% ± 1.2% with ICR, −4.9% ± 1.1% with CCR, and −1.7% ± 0.8% with the control regimen (Poverall = 0.01, PICR vs. CCR = 0.89). These effects were paralleled by proportional changes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. There were no significant differences between ICR and CCR regarding various circulating metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Our results on the effects of the “5:2 diet” indicate that ICR may be equivalent but not superior to CCR for weight reduction and prevention of metabolic diseases. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02449148.

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Vecchio, Daniela, Beatrice Arezzini, Alessandra Pecorelli, Giuseppe Valacchi, Piero A. Martorana, and Concetta Gardi. "Reactivity of mouse alveolar macrophages to cigarette smoke is strain dependent." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): L704—L713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00013.2009.

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Cigarette smoke (CS) is a main risk factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but only 20% of smokers develop COPD, suggesting genetic predisposition. Animal studies have shown that C57BL/6J mice are sensitive to CS and develop emphysema, whereas Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice are not. To investigate the potential factors responsible for the different susceptibility of ICR and C57BL/6J mice to CS, we evaluated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from these strains of mice the possible mechanisms involved in the inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by CS. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release revealed that C57BL/6J AMs were more susceptible to CS extract (CSE) toxicity than ICR. Differences were observed in inflammatory and oxidative response after CSE exposure. Proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were increased in C57BL/6J but not ICR AMs. Control C57BL/6J AMs showed a higher baseline production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2 with lower baseline levels of GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX2). This was associated with reduced histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) expression, activation of NF-κB, and higher basal levels of TNF-α and IL-6. CSE induced a decrease in HDAC2 protein levels in both C57BL/6J and ICR AMs; however, the level of HDAC2 was significantly lower in C57BL/6 than in ICR AMs. Furthermore, CSE enhanced NF-κB-dependent cytokine release only in C57BL/6J AMs. We suggest that an imbalance in oxidative stress decreases HDAC2 levels and facilitates NF-κB binding, resulting in a proinflammatory response in C57BL/6J but not in ICR AMs. These results could contribute in understanding the different susceptibility to CS of these strains of mice.

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Mountfort, Katrina, Didier Carrié, Marco Valgimigli, Gennaro Sardella, Shmuel Banai, Rafael Romaguera, and Pieter Stella. "Meeting the Unmet – The Cre8 Polymer-free Drug-eluting Stents Technology." Interventional Cardiology Review 9, no. 3 (2014): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2014.9.3.184.

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The use of first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) has been associated with safety concerns such as very late stent thrombosis. Today, with the release of newer DES, there is a need for comparative studies of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to demonstrate their value in patients with high risk of restenosis such as diabetic patients. In a satellite symposium presented at EuroPCR 2014, the Cre8™ DES was discussed. The Cre8 device has a number of unique clinical features, including polymer-free technology, abluminal reservoir technology and bio-inducer surface that ensure effective neointima suppression and rapid endothelialisation. The efficacy of the Cre8 DES has been demonstrated in the International randomised comparison between DES Limus Carbostent and Taxus drug-eluting stents in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions (NEXT) randomised clinical study, with equivalent efficacy in the diabetic and general populations, a unique finding. Ongoing clinical studies such as Investig8 and the Tel Aviv Medical Center (TLVMC) Cre8 study have confirmed the efficacy of the device in patient populations with a high proportion of diabetic patients. The Demonstr8 randomised trial has shown almost complete Cre8 strut coverage at three months with a numerical advantage versus bare metal stent (bare metal stents [BMS] – comparator device) at one month. In addition, use of the Cre8 DES may enable a shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following PCI. The Cre8 DES therefore represents a significant advance in stent technology and may be particularly useful in challenging clinical settings

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de Cillis, Emanuela, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, and Alessandro Santo Bortone. "Management of Haemostasis with Combined Use of Vascular Closure Devices and Bivalirudin – A Review." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.2.177.

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Bleeding and vascular complications related to invasive cardiovascular procedures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this article is to evaluate the literature to determine haemostasis strategies in percutaneous coronary intervention when using bivalirudin with or without a vascular closure device. The literature data seem to underline that the combination of vascular closure devices and bivalirudin was associated with significantly lower bleeding rates. However, these strategies were less often used among high-risk patients. We recommend that prospective clinical studies are undertaken to determine the potential disadvantages of using vascular closure devices and bivalirudin in combination in high-risk patients.

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Stankovic, Goran, Zlatko Mehmedbegovic, and Milorad Zivkovic. "Bifurcation Coronary Lesions – Approaches to Bifurcation Management." Interventional Cardiology Review 5, no. 1 (2010): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2010.5.1.53.

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The most important question in bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is selecting the appropriate strategy for an individual bifurcation and optimising the performance of this technique. Provisional T stenting remains the gold-standard technique for most bifurcations as routine two-vessel stenting does not improve either angiographic or clinical outcomes for most patients with coronary bifurcation lesions. However, further studies are required to determine which bifurcation lesions may particularly benefit from a two-stent strategy as an intention to treat. In this article, we highlight what we know about the treatment of bifurcation lesions and, based on this knowledge, offer our recommendations and a practical approach to bifurcation intervention.

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Nakazawa, Gaku, Masataka Nakano, Marc Vorpahl, Frank Kolodgie, and Renu Virmani. "HORIZONS and Drug-eluting Stent Usage in Acute Myocardial Infarction." Interventional Cardiology Review 4, no. 1 (2009): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2009.4.1.53.

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Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the few clinical presentations whereby percutaneous coronary intervention reduces the risk of death compared with medical therapy alone. However, treatment with drug-eluting stents (DES) – so-called ‘off-label’ use for patients with ST-segment-elevation MI (STEMI) – raises safety concerns with respect to the morbidity and mortality attributed to late stent thrombosis (LST). Pathology data clearly indicate delayed healing as the primary substrate in all cases of DES-related LST, where differences in lesion morphology invariably show a greater prevalence of uncovered struts, accumulated fibrin and inflammation in ruptures relative to stable plaques. The prolonged risk of LST appears to persist up to at least four years after DES implantation. Results from the recently published Harmonising Outcomes with Revascularisation and Stents – Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial of 3,006 prospective patients presenting with STEMI, randomised to paclitaxel-eluting (PES) or identical bare-metal stents (BMS), show similar 12-month death and stent thrombosis rates. Despite a significant reduction in ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation, a sub-study analysis showed a greater incidence of malapposition in patients receiving PES. Along these same lines, other registry studies point towards inconsistencies in advocating the use of DES for AMI. Considering that arterial healing in response to DES is delayed for periods longer than one year, long-term follow-up beyond this point is required to confirm the results of the HORIZONS trial. However, despite the final outcome, the results may remain disputable since the trial may not have been sufficiently powered to address the relative risks of LST or mortality. Clearly, there remains a need for larger randomised controlled studies before the broader use of this technology in AMI patients is settled.

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Kanawati, Basem, and Karl Peter Wanczek. "Characterization of a new open cylindrical ICR cell for ion–ion collision studies." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 269, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.09.007.

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Laut, Kristina Grønborg, Alma Becic Pedersen, Timothy L. Lash, and Steen Dalby Kristensen. "Barriers to Implementation of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Europe." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.2.113.

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Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the recommended treatment for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite substantial evidence of its effectiveness, only 40–45 % of European STEMI patients are currently treated with PPCI and there are large differences in this proportion between different European countries. Several studies have emphasised that PPCI delivery is complex, with multiple potential barriers to implementation, but there is no comprehensive research estimating the significant characteristics, factors and structures that determine the diffusion of PPCI in Europe. The lack of complete implementation and large national and regional differences arise from the interplay between technology, patients, policy makers, culture and resources. Explanations for the variation in treatment access still remain a puzzle and access to valid data is needed.

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Apostolos, Tzikas, Mylotte Darren, and Bergmann Martin. "Real World Outcomes of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion." Interventional Cardiology Review 10, no. 2 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2015.10.2.109.

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Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a device-based therapy for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, the Watchman device (Boston Scientific, St Paul, MN, US) was approved in the US by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on the results of two randomised clinical trials that evaluated LAAO in patients eligible for oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy. However, in real-word clinical practice LAAO is typically offered to patients ineligible for OAC therapy, as they appear to have limited treatment options and consequently worse prognosis. Although LAAO has shown favourable clinical outcomes in OAC-ineligible patients in single or multicentre observational studies, these results need to be confirmed in randomised clinical trials.

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Sayan, Sen, and Davies Justin. "Integrating Physiology into the DNA of Coronary Revascularisation – A Historical Perspective, Contemporary Review and Blueprint for the Future of Coronary Physiology." Interventional Cardiology Review 10, no. 2 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2015.10.2.79.

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The clinical and economic benefits of physiologically guided revascularisation have been demonstrated, yet its clinical adoption remains unacceptably low. Recently, new indices of stenosis severity have been introduced that aim to improve adoption by circumventing the limitations of existing indices. The most validated of these new indices is the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). This review will describe the physiological basis of this index, how it avoids the problems of existing indices such as fractional flow reserve (FFR) and the clinical validation studies of iFR to date. We will then describe a novel use of iFR, which has the potential to transform the use of physiology in the catheter lab and finally integrate physiology into the DNA of coronary revascularisation.

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Liao, Po-Lin, Chien-Chen Wu, Tai-Ying Chen, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Wu-Shun Peng, Deng-Jye Yang, and Jaw-Jou Kang. "Toxicity Studies of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128TM Isolated from Spontaneously Fermented Mustard Greens." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120668.

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Probiotics are extensively available to consumers; however, the use of probiotics may not always be safe, and there are few reports on their side effects, including those of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus plantarum strain PS128TM isolated from spontaneously fermented mustard greens in Taiwan was recently reported to exhibit probiotic properties. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety of strain PS128TM for use in humans via examining genotoxic and oral toxic effects using in vitro and in vivo testing. Five strains of Salmonella typhimurium were evaluated by the Ames test; no signs of increased reverse mutation were observed following exposure to PS128TM. Additional testing of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to PS128TM revealed that the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells had not increased. PS128TM treatment also did not affect the proportion of immature to total erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of ICR mice. Moreover, following a 28 day study involving repeated oral dose toxicity tests (2400, 400, and 40 mg/kg body weight) utilizing an ICR mouse model, no observable adverse level (NOAEL) was found at any of the doses. PS128TM was sensitive to antibiotics; however, genes related to the production of biogenic amines were absent. While further research is required, these toxicological assessments suggest that PS128TM could be safe for human consumption.

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Prati, Francesco, and Fabrizio Imola. "Stent Sizing and Deployment with Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance." Interventional Cardiology Review 4, no. 1 (2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2009.4.1.31.

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The introduction of new technologies to enhance therapeutic solutions requires evidence of significant advantages in terms of clinical results. Recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been introduced in clinical practice as a potential improvement over current techniques, i.e. angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The feasibility and safety of this technique have convincingly been proved and the assessment of ambiguous lesions and consequently the interventional decisions are improved over IVUS, particularly in the setting of acute coronary syndrome. The strength, but also the limitation, of OCT lies in its ability to precisely display only the surface of the vessel and, therefore, its inability to assess plaque burden. The most important potential application of OCT is detailing stent strut characteristics in post-procedural studies, but the clinical importance of this finding still requires validation.

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Shao-Liang, Chen, and Imad Sheiban. "Dedicated Bifurcation Stents Strategy." Interventional Cardiology Review 4, no. 1 (2009): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2009.4.1.70.

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Coronary bifurcation lesions represent an area of ongoing challenges in interventional cardiology, mainly due to the higher rate of residual stenosis and restenosis at the side branch ostium. Multiple two-stent bifurcation strategies, including T-stenting, V-stenting, simultaneuos kissing stenting, culotte stenting and classic crush techniques, have no advantages over one-stent techniques. This led to provisional stenting being considered as a mainstream approach, based on the results of numerous randomised trials. Dedicated bifurcation stents have been designed specifically to treat coronary bifurcations with the aim of addressing some of the shortcomings of the conventional percutaneous approach and facilitating the provisional approach. The development of more drug-eluting platforms and larger studies with control groups demonstrating their clinical applicability, efficacy and safety are required before these stents are widely incorporated into daily practice.

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Colyer, William R., and Christopher J. Cooper. "Renal Revascularisation Therapy in 2011 – In Perspective." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 1 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.1.89.

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The management of renal artery stenosis (RAS) remains controversial. There is a large body of evidence from registries and cohort studies suggesting that revascularisation with stenting is beneficial in RAS; however, randomised trials of revascularisation versus medical therapy have failed to demonstrate that revascularisation improves outcome. Owing to significant methodological limitations, recent randomised trials have increased the controversy instead of resolving it, yet these trials cannot be disregarded. Currently, there appears to be a role for stenting in RAS, particularly among patients with at least moderate chronic kidney disease who seem to derive the greatest benefit from stenting. Additionally, there is probably some degree of blood pressure improvement; however, in most cases, stenting does not provide a cure. Thus, it is important that a physician evaluates each patient with RAS carefully and considers multiple issues to determine whether stenting would be beneficial.

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Panaich, Sidakpal, Theodore Schreiber, and Cindy Grines. "Bioresorbable Scaffolds." Interventional Cardiology Review 9, no. 3 (2014): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2014.9.3.175.

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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has undergone major advances including the evolution in stent technology, from bare metal stents (BMS), to their drug eluting counterparts, to the development of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS). The primary notion of BRS was to facilitate complete vascular healing and restore normal endothelial function following the resorption of stent scaffold while providing equivalent mechanical properties of a metallic drug eluting stents (DES) in the earlier stages. BRS provide attractive physiologic advancements over the existing DES and have shown promising results in initial clinical studies albeit with small sample sizes. Their use has been primarily restricted to patients recruited in clinical trials with limited real-world applicability. Thus, data from larger randomised control trials is awaited. The major objective of this article is to review the evidence on BRS and identify their clinical applicability in current interventional practice.

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Barry, Hennigan, Robertson Keith, Berry Colin, and Oldroyd Keith. "Is Hyperaemia Essential for Accurate Functional Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Severity?" Interventional Cardiology Review 10, no. 2 (2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2015.10.2.72.

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Fractional flow reserve (FFR) requires the use of maximal hyperaemia as described in the original preclinical and clinical validation studies and subsequent practice changing randomized controlled trials. A perception that the need for hyperaemia (usually induced with adenosine) was one of the obstacles to more widespread adoption of FFR has led to interest in the use of resting non-hyperaemic indices to assess the functional significance of coronary stenoses. We examine the current evidence base and conclude that resting indices agree with FFR in only 80 % of lesions when a binary cut-off is employed but closer to 90 % when hybrid strategies utilising both resting indices and FFR are utilised. It seems counter intuitive to sacrifice diagnostic accuracy when in most patients and healthcare systems the induction of hyperaemia with adenosine is safe and emminently affordable.

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Carrié, Didier. "The Use of the Cre8 Stent in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus." Interventional Cardiology Review 11, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2016.11.01.47.

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Despite improved clinical outcomes following the availability of second-generation drug eluting stents (DES), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with worse clinical and angiographic outcomes among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than among non-diabetics. The Cre8™ Amphilimus-eluting DES is polymer-free, resulting in a reduced inflammatory response and lower risk of stent thrombosis. It showed equivalent efficacy and safety in diabetic and non-diabetic populations, a unique finding among DES studies. These findings were confirmed in a real-world study called INVESTIG8. Another real-world study, pARTicip8, is ongoing. The RESERVOIR clinical trial recruited patients with diabetes mellitus and showed noninferiority of the Cre8 DES compared to an everolimus-eluting DES but showed a statistical superiority of Cre8 in diabetic patients with higher metabolic dysfunctions. The Cre8 DES is therefore a valuable option for this important patient population.

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Carrié, Didier. "The Use of the Cre8 Stent in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus." Interventional Cardiology Review 11, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2016.11.1.47.

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Despite improved clinical outcomes following the availability of second-generation drug eluting stents (DES), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with worse clinical and angiographic outcomes among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than among non-diabetics. The Cre8™ Amphilimus-eluting DES is polymer-free, resulting in a reduced inflammatory response and lower risk of stent thrombosis. It showed equivalent efficacy and safety in diabetic and non-diabetic populations, a unique finding among DES studies. These findings were confirmed in a real-world study called INVESTIG8. Another real-world study, pARTicip8, is ongoing. The RESERVOIR clinical trial recruited patients with diabetes mellitus and showed noninferiority of the Cre8 DES compared to an everolimus-eluting DES but showed a statistical superiority of Cre8 in diabetic patients with higher metabolic dysfunctions. The Cre8 DES is therefore a valuable option for this important patient population.

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Gräni, Christoph, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Stephan Windecker, and Ronny R. Buechel. "Diagnosis and Management of Anomalous Coronary Arteries with a Malignant Course." Interventional Cardiology Review 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2019.1.1.

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Although the prevalence of anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (ACAOS) in the general population is low, more frequent use of invasive and non-invasive imaging to rule out coronary artery disease has seen an increase in absolute numbers of ACAOS. ACAOS are traditionally classified as malignant (with an interarterial course) and benign variants. Malignant variants have been recognised in autopsy studies to be an underlying cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Conversely, it seems that older people with ACAOS are less predisposed to adverse cardiac events. Non-invasive anatomic imaging is complementary to invasive imaging and helps to further identify high-risk anatomic features. Using functional non-invasive perfusion imaging can assess potential ischaemia induced by dynamic compression of malignant ACAOS. Information gained from clinical imaging guides the management of these patients.

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Muhammad-Azam, Fazil, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila, Raslan Ain-Fatin, Mohamed Mustapha Noordin, and Nurhusien Yimer. "Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1682-1688.

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Background and Aim: Laboratory mice are widely used as a research model to provide insights into toxicological studies of various xenobiotic. Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that is commonly known as paracetamol, an ideal hepatotoxicant to exhibit centrilobular necrosis in laboratory mice to resemble humans. However, assessment of histopathological changes between mouse strains is important to decide the optimal mouse model used in APAP toxicity study. Therefore, we aim to assess the histomorphological features of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in BALB/C and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ICR mice and 20 BALB/C mice were used where five animals as control and the rest were randomly divided into four time points at 5, 10, 24 and 48 hours post-dosing (hpd). They were induced with 500 mg/kg APAP intraperitoneally. Liver sections were processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and histopathological changes were scored based on grading methods. Results: Intense centrilobular damage was observed as early as 5 hpd in BALB/C as compared to ICR mice, which was observed at 10 hpd. The difference of liver injury between ICR and BALB/C mice is due to dissimilarity in the genetic line-up that related to different elimination pathways of APAP toxicity. However, at 24 hpd, the damage was markedly subsided and liver regeneration had taken place for both ICR and BALB/C groups with evidence of mitotic figures. This study showed that normal liver architecture was restored after the clearance of toxic insult. Conclusion: AILI was exhibited earlier in BALB/C than ICR mice but both underwent liver recovery at later time points. Keywords: acetaminophen, BALB/C, histopathology, institute of cancer research, liver injury, liver regeneration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ICR studies'

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