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Journal articles on the topic 'Idea-forces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Oehrle, Elizabeth. "Creativity: Support for and Forces against this Basic Educational Idea in Western Music Education." British Journal of Music Education 3, no. 2 (July 1986): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700005301.

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A challenge was issued, in the first International Journal of Music Education, to find ways to achieve a principle of music education which progressive music educators and traditional African music education have in common:‘an all-round development of the child’. This paper takes up this challenge by exploring the idea that creativity is an essential part of western education. Even though this idea receives the unprecedented support of widely respected western educators of the 20th century and of the Tanglewood Symposium, ‘…those with creative potential are neglected, if not discriminated against, at all levels in American education’ (MacKinnon, 1978, p. 169.) To ascertain why this is so, socio-economic studies are presented which reveal how closely linked the issue of creativity in education is to issues which are beyond the realm of music education or of education in general. The suggestion is that these connections adversely effect the all-round development of the child.

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2

Chopra, B. K. "Disease registry in the Armed Forces Medical Services: An Idea Whose Time Has Come." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 72, no. 2 (April 2016): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.04.001.

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3

Zhechev, Michael M. "On the Admissibility of Given Acceleration-Dependent Forces in Mechanics." Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, no. 1 (December 15, 2005): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2187528.

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In his book “A Treatise on Analytical Dynamics,” Pars asserted that acceleration-dependent forces are inconsistent with one of the fundamental principles of mechanics, namely, with the superposition principle, thus spreading among mechanical scientists the idea that such forces are not admissible in mechanics. This article demonstrates that given forces that depend on acceleration or higher derivatives are admissible in mechanics and shows that this assertion in Pars’s book is fallacious and the only condition for the applicability of such forces is the equation of motion possessing a unique solution.

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4

Gao, Ming, Shiju Li, and Weiming Wang. "An Analysis and Design of the Redirection Schema in ForCES." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/674057.

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The idea of Forwarding and Control Element Separation has widely accepted by next generation network researchers, the regain attention of IETF (The Internet Engineering Task Force) ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) is the best proof. An IP tunnel-based redirection schema was proposed to solve the problem of routing protocol messages interaction between ForCES router and the external merchant routers. The technology of network virtualization is introduced to map network interface from ForCES FE (Forwarding Element) to CE (Control Element) which collaborating with the redirect schema.

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Pokrovskaya, Daria M. "To the issue of the formation of peacekeeping idea (on the example of the Suez Crisis of 1956)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 184 (2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-184-192-200.

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The Suez Crisis of 1956 is considered one of the most acute regional conflicts of the Cold War period. Two of the five member states of the Security Council were involved in the conflict, who actively exercised the right of “veto” during any attempts at settlement, which paralyzed the existing mechanism for resolving conflicts within the UN. The disagreements of the “great” powers threatened to grow from a diplomatic confrontation into a military one, and conflict from regional to global. The solution was found at one of the sessions of the General Assembly, where Canadian L.B. Pearson presented his idea of resolving the conflict by creating the UN Emergency Forces. The study is devoted to the idea of creating a UN peacekeeping force, the founder of which is Canadian diplomat L.B. Pearson. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of L.B. Pearson in the formation of the idea of peacekeeping, on the example of participation in the settlement of the Suez Crisis. We discuss the historical aspects and conditions for the creation of the UN Emergency Forces, a comparative analysis was conducted with the first observation missions of the UN, substantiate principles, which became the basis for the functioning of peacekeeping forces. We draw conclusion that it was L.B. Pearson’s ideas that contributed to the resolution of one of the most acute crises of the second half of the 20th century, and the creation of peacekeeping forces proved the effectiveness of the UN in maintaining international peace and security, conflict resolution, and also laid the foundation for modern peacekeeping.

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Brański, A., M. Borkowski, and S. Szela. "The Idea of the Selection of PZT-Beam Interaction Forces in Active Vibration Protection Problem." Acta Physica Polonica A 118, no. 1 (July 2010): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.118.17.

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7

Morris, Lydia. "Cosmopolitanism — Beyond the ‘Beautiful Idea’." Irish Journal of Sociology 20, no. 2 (November 2012): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.20.2.4.

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This article outlines the key features of the ‘big idea’ of cosmopolitanism (Beck 2002), which are viewed against a set of commonly recognised countervailing forces. The article then argues for both conceptual elaboration and empirical observation to be focused on the social processes which mediate between the normative ideal and concrete manifestations of cosmopolitanism. Examples are provided in relation to three issues: the allocation of rights, participation through law, and the concept of the world citizen.

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8

Zhang, Xiao Ying, Kun Lu, Huai Jun Wang, and Hai Hui Ma. "Research on Armored Mechanized Forces’ Equipment Support Simulation Training System." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.724.

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Armored mechanized forces’ equipment support simulation training system is the use of HLA technology combines emulator, computer generated forces and other devices as a whole which form a virtual battlefield environment in time and space coupling by network. This paper simulation training, introduces the construction of project, establishes the System architecture, and designs the idea which is used in distributed equipment support simulation training system based on the concepts、methods and principles of HLA.

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9

Petrović, Ivan, Aleksandar Gadžić, and Radovan Ilić. "The effects of programmed training on motor skills of the Serbian armed forces members." Vojno delo 72, no. 2 (2020): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2002005p.

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Physical training is an integral part of the overall training in the Serbian Armed Forces. It is a basis of combat preparedness of every soldier, hence it has to be an inherent part of their lives. The main idea of the current research is to examine weather high intensity interval exercises have a positive influence on the functional and motor abilities of the members of the Serbian Armed Forces. Repetitive strength, as one of the tested abilities, was significantly better in the experimental group of participants, which implies that applied interval exercise had improved the results of repetitive strength tests. These findings are in line with previous studies. Furthermore, it has been found that the experimental program of exercise did not influence functional abilities, i.e. there is no differences in aerobic fitness between the experimental and the control group. The experimental program should serve as an idea and basis for the finding, creation and designing of new ways of exercise within physical training at all levels in the system such is the Serbian Armed Forces.

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10

Wang, Der-An, and Yii-Mai Huang. "Vibration Control of a Beam Using the Nearly Optimal Control Algorithm with a Disturbance Force Observer." Journal of Mechanics 17, no. 4 (December 2001): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001908.

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ABSTRACTActive vibration control of a flexible beam subjected to arbitrary, unmeasurable disturbance forces is investigated in this paper. The concept of independent modal space control is adopted. Both the feedforward and feedback control is implemented here to reduce the beam vibration. Because of the existence of the disturbance forces, the feedforward control is applied by employing the idea of force cancellation. A modal space disturbance force observer is then established in this paper to observe the disturbance modal forces for the feedforward control. For obtaining the feedforward and feedback control gains with the optimal sense, the nearly optimal control law is derived, where the modal disturbance forces are regarded as additional states. The vibration control performances and the asymptotic properties of the control law are discussed.

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11

DROHOBYTSKYI, Ihor. "FEATURES OF USING THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ARMED STRUGGLE FOR STATEHOOD, 1918-1919, IN THE CREATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SELF-DEFENSE, 1943." Contemporary era 6 (2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2018-6-32-40.

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The article covers some aspects of the use of military experience of Ukrainian armed groups of the period of the national liberation struggle 1917–1921 by the members of the nationalist wing of the national resistance movement during World War II. Much attention is given to measures aimed at the development of tactical units of the structure of the Ukrainian People's Self-Defense (Ukrainska Narodna Samooborona; UNS) in the second half of 1943 in Galicia. These facts are analyzed in the context of the development of a national army concept among leaders of Ukrainian nationalists at the various stages of the Nazi-Soviet war (1941–1945). The main stages of their vision evolution of the development process of the domestic armed forces are outlined. The author highlights the reasons and the factors of shifting focus from the idea of creating a regular army to the idea of deploying a partisan form of struggle against the occupation regimes, characterized the role of the armed forces in the implementation of the idea of national statehood. The specifics of the ideological motive of the armed struggle are revealed with emphasis on the tradition of struggle for the nation's interest. The paper also concentrates on external and internal preconditions for expanding the geography of armed resistance to the occupiers, regional specifics in the processes of deployment of military structures run by the nationalist wing of the Ukrainian resistance movement. Keywords tradition, statehood, armed forces, resistance, nationalism.

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12

Femat, R., and C. Jiménez-gallegos. "Unveiling uncertain forces in second-order driven oscillatorsviainternal model: A discrete-time feedback." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 5, no. 2 (2000): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022600000443.

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Unveil uncertain forces acting into (or onto) systems is a very interesting and old problem. Indeed, a lot effort has been devoted to develop procedures which results in the understanding of the uncertain forces and its effects. This contribution deals with recovering of the dynamics of the uncertain forces from measurements (time series). The main idea is to construct aninternal modelof the nonlinear system and design a discretetime feedback in such way that the model/system differences be stabilized at origin. In principle, if the internal model tracks the trajectory of the nonlinear system, then the uncertain force is recovered by the stabilizing command.

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13

Wang, Yuan Yuan, and Bing Qiang Wang. "Study on Countermeasures of Water Pollution Accident after Chemical Industry Fire." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.219.

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Nowadays, fire forces should incorporate the idea of environmental protection and green fire to the rescue action. Every year fire forces dispose of many chemical fire, in the disposal process the surrounding ecological environment should be fully considered , especially the impact on the local water area after the disposition. At present the effect of pollutants on the environment is often neglected, so the fire rescue operations of water pollution prevention is a appreciable problem, we should think and study the countermeasures of water pollution accident for chemical industry fire.

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14

Barr, G. D. I. "Macroecenomic identification of the pricing factors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 1/2 (March 31, 1990): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i1.911.

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This paper considers the main economic forces which drive the various sectors of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, over the period 1979-1987. A factor-analysis approach identified these main forces as the price of gold, the short-term rate of interest, the performance of foreign stock markets, and local business confidence. The period considered is broken down into several subperiods in which these economic factors performed differently and where one or other dominated. This enables one to obtain a precise idea of which economic variables move which sectors and when.

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15

Wang, G., and X. Chen. "Nonstationary time series prediction combined with slow feature analysis." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussions 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2015): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npgd-2-97-2015.

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Abstract. Almost all climate time series have some degree of nonstationarity due to external driving forces perturbations of the observed system. Therefore, these external driving forces should be taken into account when reconstructing the climate dynamics. This paper presents a new technique of combining the driving force of a time series obtained using the Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) approach, then introducing the driving force into a predictive model to predict non-stationary time series. In essence, the main idea of the technique is to consider the driving forces as state variables and incorporate them into the prediction model. To test the method, experiments using a modified logistic time series and winter ozone data in Arosa, Switzerland, were conducted. The results showed improved and effective prediction skill.

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16

Allison, Walter. "Unplanned Obsolescence: Interpreting the Automatic Telephone Dialing System After the Smartphone Epoch." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.1 (2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.1.unplanned.

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Technology regulations succeed or fail based upon their ability to regulate an idea. Constant innovation forces legislators to draft statutes aimed at prohibiting the idea of a device, rather than a specific device itself, because new devices with new capacities emerge every day. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) is a federal statute that imposes liability based on the idea of an automatic telephone dialing system (ATDS). But the statute’s definition of the device is ambiguous. The FCC struggles to coherently apply the definition to new technologies, and courts interpret the definition inconsistently. Federal circuit courts have split over these inconsistent interpretations. This Note explains the problems associated with the TCPA’s definition and outlines a solution that ensures uniform and workable enforcement of federal rules.

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Herzog, W., E. M. Hasler, and T. R. Leonard. "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF IN VIVO PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN BIOLOGIC JOINTS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 04, no. 01 (March 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957700000021.

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The purpose of this communication is to present an idea, and its technical implementation, on how to estimate experimentally in vivo joint contact pressure distributions. The idea is illustrated for the cat patellofemoral joint. For this particular joint, the approach requires muscle force and hindlimb movement measurements during unrestrained locomotion, and the quantification of the joint contact pressures in situ for conditions approximating the in vivo conditions as closely as possible. Although the approach is time-consuming and has its limitations, it is, as far as we know, the first purely experimental approach to determine the in vivo joint contact pressures during normal movement. "Purely experimental" refers to the idea that the required movements, muscle forces and contact pressures are all measured rather than estimated theoretically.

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18

Liang, Thow Yick. "Intelligence strategy: the evolutionary and co-evolutionary dynamics of intelligent human organizations and their interacting agents." Human Systems Management 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2004): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2004-23208.

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In the knowledge economy, the human minds are the most vital center of analysis. They are the complex adaptive systems capable of processing information, establishing knowledge structure, conceptualizing idea, and making decision. The intrinsic intelligence of the individual minds, as well as the organizational/collective intelligence, drives the dynamic of all human systems. Primarily, the local self-enrichment processes of the interacting agents are autopoietic. In addition, global forces are also present in all human organizations. The global forces are constructive only if they support the elementary processes. The global forces originate from the orgmind of the organization. A complex relationship exists between the interacting agents and their systems. Traditionally, the decision-making dynamic of the human thinking systems has been dealt with in economics concepts such as the “economic” man that focuses on perfect rational decision, and Herbert Simon's “administrative” man that incorporates the idea of bounded rationality. In this study, the dynamic of an “intelligent” person is introduced. An intelligent person does not concentrate on optimality at all times. Instead, such a person adopts the intelligence strategy. An intelligent person is mindful and contributes continuously towards the collective intelligence of the system. The mindset of an intelligent person encompasses continual fast learning, longer-term survival, exploitation of the butterfly effect, and co-evolution with his/her system. In this respect, an intelligent person is a rather dissimilar interacting agent.

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19

Schumann, Andrew. "On the Origin of Logical Determinism in Babylonia." Logica Universalis 15, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-021-00282-5.

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AbstractIn this paper, I show that the idea of logical determinism can be traced back from the Old Babylonian period at least. According to this idea, there are some signs (omens) which can explain the appearance of all events. These omens demonstrate the will of gods and their power realized through natural forces. As a result, each event either necessarily appears or necessarily disappears. This idea can be examined as the first version of eternalism – the philosophical belief that each temporal event (including past and future events) is actual. In divination lists in Akkadian presented as codes we can reconstruct Boolean matrices showing that the Babylonians used some logical-algebraic structures in their reasoning. The idea of logical contingency was introduced within a new mood of thinking presented by the Greek prose – historical as well as philosophical narrations. In the Jewish genre ’aggādōt, the logical determinism is supposed to be in opposition to the Greek prose.

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Goncharov, S. V., and D. M. Kozhevnikov. "GOVERNANCE MODEL TO PROTECT PERSONNEL OF TACTICAL MILITARY FORMATIONS FROM NEGATIVE INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 27 (2019): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-2-245-251.

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The article gives an idea of the variant of the logical-mathematical model of managing the protection of the personnel of a tactical military formation from the negative informational and psychological impact in a combat situation. Methods are proposed for a formalized assessment of the capabilities of the forces and means of the psychological operations of the enemy, as well as forecasting the extent of its information and psychological impact on the units and military units in the area of the forthcoming actions. The mechanism of determining the optimal content of work to prevent and neutralize the destructive influences on the troops (forces) in modern conditions is revealed.

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Navarro, Sebastián Rojas. "MEDICALISATION IN NEOLIBERAL CONTEXTS: IMAGINING OTHER FUTURES IN SCHOOLS." Práxis Educacional 15, no. 36 (December 4, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/praxisedu.v15i36.5886.

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This article advances an alternative to traditional approaches to the medicalization of childhood in the school setting. Considering that processes of medicalization must be understood in relation to other forces and dynamics set in motion with which they interact and mutually affect each other, this article advances the idea that the use of diagnoses and psychotechnologies for purposes of classification and segregation are, to a large extent, linked to their implementation by an educational model ruled by principles of competition and accountability. To explore other potential unfoldings of medicalisation, I analyse a case where medicalisation processes enter the arena but concerning other dynamics and forces.

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Zalewski, Robert, and Piotr Bartkowski. "Prototype of a controllable damper based on granular materials subjected to partial vacuum." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925405009.

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In the paper a proposal of granular damper prototype has been introduced. The granular damper works on the basis of a core made of Vacuum Packed Particles. Idea of Vacuum Packed Particles consists of placing loose granular grains into a hermetic envelope, wherein in the next stage a partial vacuum is generated. The difference between an atmospheric pressure, externally surrounding the core and internal one, causes occurring friction forces between single grains. Interacting friction forces are greater for higher values of internal underpressure. In presented paper the authors focus on analysis of experimental results obtained for various values of underpressure. Variations in energy dissipation possibilities are particularly described in this paper.

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23

Le, Tom. "Japan and the Revolution in Military Affairs." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 5, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 172–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797018783112.

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The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has not only changed how the USA engages in warfare but also how it maintains its military supremacy and how other nations budget and strategize. The very idea of the RMA has impacted how nations manage their technological advantages and raises the questions of can the RMA be monopolized and if not, which nations can adopt their own RMA? In September 2000, the Japan Defence Agency (now the Ministry of Defence [MOD]) produced a report titled ‘“Info-RMA”: Study on Info-RMA and the Future of the Self-Defence Forces’ to explore the prospects of implementing RMA principles in the Japan Self-Defence Forces. In this article, I explore to what extent can RMA principles be implemented in the Self-Defence Forces? I argue that although several significant changes have been implemented in technology, doctrine, operations and organization, various normative and technical constraints have directed the MOD to craft an RMA with Japanese characteristics, emphasizing defence and interconnectedness with the US armed forces. These findings suggest that current efforts to ‘normalize’ the Self-Defence Forces can succeed if crafted to appeal to the sensibilities of the Japanese public.

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Schmidtz, David. "HISTORY AND PATTERN." Social Philosophy and Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 148–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052505041063.

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This essay compares Rawls's and Nozick's theories of justice. Nozick thinks patterned principles of justice are false, and offers a historical alternative. Along the way, Nozick accepts Rawls's claim that the natural distribution of talent is morally arbitrary, but denies that there is any short step from this premise to any conclusion that the natural distribution is unjust. Nozick also agrees with Rawls on the core idea of natural rights liberalism: namely, that we are separate persons. However, Rawls and Nozick interpret that idea in different ways-momentously different ways. The tension between their interpretations is among the forces shaping political philosophy to this day.

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DOKTOR, JUDY E., and JOHN POERTNER. "Kentucky's Family Resource Centers." Remedial and Special Education 17, no. 5 (September 1996): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259601700505.

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Similar developments in education and social services offer an opportunity for these two systems to come together to better meet the needs of all children and families. both systems are seeking to be inclusive, to decategorize, and to address growing problems and decreasing resources with coordination and collaboration. these movements have joined forces in what is called the “school-linked service movement,” of which the family resource center idea is representative. this article explores this idea by identifying lessons learned in the development of family resource centers in kentucky and discussing policy issues that are essential for both education and social services to address to assure continued development of this movement.

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DROHOBYTSKYI, Ihor. "AN EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE DEPLOYMENT OF AN ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST THE OCCUPATION REGIMES AMONG OUN(B) (1942–1944)." Contemporary era 7 (2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-100-107.

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The article covers the features of the military doctrine formation of the national resistance movement's nationalist wing during World War II. The gradual process of forming a conscious conviction to create its own armed forces is outlined. The specificity of the conceptual military developments of the nationalist movement's leadership in the objective circumstances of the time is emphasized. This predetermines the use of a comparative approach in the process of research. Emphasized the importance of external and internal factors in the crystallization of the idea of the national army. Ideas about ways of achieving the goal of activities in the OUN(B) leadership environment in the designated chronological period are specified. The role of external factors, in particular occupation regimes, in the process of formation of national armed forces is pointed out. Their presence led to the emergence and assertion of the inevitability of struggle on several fronts while gaining national statehood. The vision of the role of the armed forces in the realization of the idea of national statehood is represented by the representatives of the direction mentioned above of social and political life. The author stressed the tradition of fighting for the realization of the nation's state aspirations. Working on outlined topics and creating an objective picture of the national past relate to the essential aspects of the formation of a proper state position in society. Keywords: armed struggle, army, statehood, resistance movement, nationalism, ideology, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Ukrainian People's Self-Defense.

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Djukic, Djordje. "Generalized Lagrange-D’Alembert principle." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 91, no. 105 (2012): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1205049d.

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The major issues in the analysis of the motion of a constrained dynamic system are to determine this motion and calculate constraint forces. In the analytical mechanics, only the first of the two problems is analyzed. Here, the problem is solved simultaneously using: 1) Principle of liberation of constraints; 2) Principle of generalized virtual displacement; 3) Idea of ideal constraints; 4) Concept of generalized and ?supplementary" generalized coordinates. The Lagrange-D?Alembert principle of virtual work is generalized introducing virtual displacement as vectorial sum of the classical virtual displacement and virtual displacement in the ?supplementary" directions. From such principle of virtual work we derived Lagrange equations of the second kind and equations of dynamical equilibrium in the ?supplementary" directions. Constrained forces are calculated from the equations of dynamic equilibrium. At the same time, this principle can be used for consideration of equilibrium of system of material particles. This principle simultaneously gives the connection between applied forces at equilibrium state and the constrained forces. Finally, the principle is applied to a few particular problems.

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PILŻYS, Jan. "WAR AND MILITARY DOCTRINE IN THE YEARS 1921-1939." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 164, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.2815.

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Theoretical military thought from the interwar period pointed towards the issues of war and war doctrines many times. The views of the nature of future war developed in the context of real conditions, formed after World War I. Many interpretations of war and military doctrine were developed, including their objectives. The main goal was to leave the idea of positional warfare. It has been suggested that future war would be maneuvering, coalitional and total.Among military theorists, and not only, the opinion prevailed that the effectiveness of military doctrine, and also the effectiveness of war, will depend on the organization of armed forces. This means the principles and methods to change the forms of living and material forces of the nation into national defense. The war was not anymore among the armed forces but it became the war of the nations. It was important to find ways and methods to defend the nation, using not only armed forces, but also all the areas of life of the nation. It would mainly depend on the co-operation between civilian and military authorities.

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Pessagno, Stephen. "Prometheus and Bilski: Pushing the Bounds of Patentable Subject Matter in Medical Diagnostic Techniques with the Machine-or-Transformation Test." American Journal of Law & Medicine 36, no. 4 (December 2010): 619–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881003600404.

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AbstractIf nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it.

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Pilisi, Paul. "Les pays socialistes de l’Est et l’unité européenne – La tradition dans le socialisme et le socialisme dans la tradition." Études internationales 10, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 351–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/700944ar.

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Throughout the XIXth century federalism in Eastern Europe sought to regroup small nations and states within federal structures capable of guaranteeing their collective independence in the long-term vis-à-vis those powers directly interested in that region of the continent. After the First World War the federalist forces of Eastern Europe, conscious of the tragic effects of the balkanization of Central and Eastern Europe, had approached regional reconstruction in a spirit of unity. This unity, whose spirit and idea derived from a common historical experience, was taken up by the progressive forces active within the resistance during the Second World War. Shortly thereafter, among the political forces tending to promote regional unity, the socialist and communist parties engaged in activities of major importance. From their initial perspective, the solidarity of the Eastern Countries was to lead to the establishment of federal structures without the adhesion of the Soviet Union.

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Vaz de Carvalho, Carlos. "Improving Experiential Learning with Haptic Experimentation." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 9, S8 (December 4, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v9is8.3309.

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Experiential learning reflects the idea of knowledge construction as a behavior change resulting from the interaction between the user and the environment leading to experiences, feelings and sensations. The use of virtual simulators in education is a path to foster experiential learning because they provide interactive environments that students can explore and observe. The use of haptic devices with these simulators adds a new dimension, touch, increasing their immersive capacity and the studentsâ?? attraction and interest. Physics is an area particularly well-suited for the application of haptic simulators. The study of forces, for instance, is an area normally taught in a very abstract and theoretical way and students have extreme difficulty in relating those concepts with their practical application. The â??Forces of Physicsâ? haptic simulator described in this article allows experimenting various forces of physics such as the friction force, the aerodynamic force and the gravitational force.

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Conway, Paul. "London, BBC Maida Vale Studios: Justin Connolly's Piano Concerto." Tempo 58, no. 228 (April 2004): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298204280159.

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Many of Justin Connolly's works have been premièred and recorded by Nicholas Hodges, whose musicianship provided the inspiration for Connolly's Piano Concerto (2001–2003). The form and character of the piece are influenced by the ancient idea of the labyrinth, the forces of soloist and orchestra being well suited to the roles of Theseus and the Minotaur, where one protagonist signifies the existence of the other and the distinction between hero and villain is not always apparent. The orchestral forces employed are unexceptional. Brass and percussion are divided into two separate groups to the left and right of the conductor, whilst the first horn player sits apart from his colleagues and is mirrored by a fourth, offstage, horn player.

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33

Mustafa, Al haj Salim. "Learning, Scholarship and Public Libraries in Pre and Colonial Sudan." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 17 (June 30, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n17p54.

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Although the idea of providing public library services to the general public is basically a westernized concept, nevertheless the Sudan has a long tradition of learning and scholarship in which one could argue that an embryonic and rudimentary public library service of some sort had been established. The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical overview of this learning and scholarship development and to explore the forces social, historical and political that led to the emergence of public libraries in pre and colonial Sudan. The historical research method was used to describe such forces employing mainly books, journal articles and to a lesser extent theses and dissertation. This will be followed by a discussion and conclusion.

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Hayashi, Brian Masaru. "Kilsoo Haan, American Intelligence, and the Anticipated Japanese Invasion of California, 1931–1943." Pacific Historical Review 83, no. 2 (November 2012): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.2.277.

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To what extent did U.S. intelligence believe that Imperial Japanese forces would invade the West Coast, an idea that many believe was responsible for the alleged atmosphere of wartime hysteria that led to mass confinement of West Coast Japanese Americans? Based on unused archival materials, this article shows that these agencies dismissed the idea of an impending Japanese invasion, shown by their negative reaction to Korean nationalist Kilsoo Haan’s “Yellow Peril” prediction of a Japanese invasion of California in 1943. It also demonstrates that assumptions about Yellow Peril ideas require more nuanced analysis, for they were not universally accepted or as widespread as often believed. The article concludes with observations on Kilsoo Haan, U.S. intelligence, and Japanese American internment.

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35

Peters, John, and Leoarna Mathias. "Enacting student partnership as though we really mean it: Some Freirean principles for a pedagogy of partnership." International Journal for Students as Partners 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v2i2.3509.

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The idea of student-staff partnership working is becoming increasingly popular in higher education. However, there is a risk that, as the idea spreads, the radical nature of partnership working can be diluted and domesticated by established power structures. This article explores the theoretical and practical implications of adopting approaches to partnership working informed by the ideas of Paulo Freire. This is partnership working with a political point—consciously seeking to resist the forces of neoliberalism and any attempts to domesticate partnership to that paradigm. Instead, a pedagogy of partnership, informed by Freire, is juxtaposed with neoliberal domesticated partnership, and six principles are offered for enacting partnership as though we really mean it.

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Zhang, Yao, Hai Sheng Zhao, and Seng Tjhen Lie. "A Simple Approach for Simulating the Road Surface Roughness Involved in Vehicle-Bridge Interaction Systems." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 07 (July 2018): 1871009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418710098.

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This paper presents an idea for modeling the road surface roughness in a vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) system, by simulating it equivalently as two external forces each acting on the two subsystems of vehicle and bridge. Such an idea can be easily included in general-purpose commercial finite element (FE) software like ABAQUS and ANSYS. Compared with frequently used coupled and uncoupled FE models, the present approach is more convenient, since it does not require any self-developed FE codes. The other advantage is that it does not require very small elements in the FE modeling, as is the case with conventional approaches for simulating the irregularity in the profile of road surface roughness, which may be computationally inefficient.

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37

Petrov, I. V. "Discussion about Belarussian Church autocephaly during Nazi occupation of Belarus." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity 6, no. 3 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2021-6-3-31-36.

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In 2020 in Belarus there was an intensification of the activities of forces sympathetic to the idea of separating the Orthodox on the territory of the Republic from the Russian Orthodox Church. This kind of reaction is not new to the republic. The idea of church autocephaly was most acutely discussed during the Nazi occupation of the BSSR. A book by the Belarusian church historian Andrey Pukanov is devoted to this period of history. The basis of the book is the materials of the Belarusian press. Memories of the participants, the legacy of the Belarusian post-war emigration. The article presents a critical analysis of the book of a modern Belarusian author

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Frantsvog, Dean A. "All Rights Reversed: A Study Of Copyleft, Open-Source, And Open-Content Licensing." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v5i1.6782.

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If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Thomas Jefferson

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Xu, Zhong Gen, Kang Qin, and Chang Gen Deng. "Analysis of a Transmission Tower Structure with Dynamic Elastic-Plastic Time History Method." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.10.

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The idea, procedures and equation of dynamic of analysis of an actual power transmission tower system by dynamic elastic-plastic time history were introduced. Considering P-DETA effect, the base shear forces and curves of top displacement time history were obtained. P-DETA effects on seismic performance of the transmission tower were calculated. The paper can be reference for the analysis of static elastic-plastic.

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40

LIBERACKI, Marcin. "PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF OFFICER CADRE FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE TERRITORIAL DEFENSE FORCES." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 184, no. 2 (April 2, 2017): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4896.

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One of the priorities of the Ministry of National Defense is the creation of a new branch of Armed Forces – the Territorial Defense Forces (Polish: WOT). It was initiated by the establishment of the Territorial Defense Bureau, and then the Command of the Territorial Defense Forces. The process of creating brigades and sub-units of these troops is parallel to the completion of the WOT Command. The main idea of their functioning is the widespread, optional access of volunteers to serve under the so-called territorial military service. Due to the intensive formation of new structures, a high-level military education is facing a major challenge, which is taking steps to urgently fill positions both for professional officers and for officers of territorial military service with graduates. The material presented in the present paper is an attempt to analyze and propose solutions that are not necessarily final but are treated as a basis for further substantive discussion.

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Kumar, Pardeep, Michaël Gauthier, and Redwan Dahmouche. "Path Planning for 3-D In-Hand Manipulation of Micro-Objects Using Rotation Decomposition." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080986.

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Robotic manipulation and assembly of micro and nanocomponents in confined spaces is still a challenge. Indeed, the current proposed solutions that are highly inspired by classical industrial robotics are not currently able to combine precision, compactness, dexterity, and high blocking forces. In a previous work, we proposed 2-D in-hand robotic dexterous manipulation methods of arbitrary shaped objects that considered adhesion forces that exist at the micro and nanoscales. Direct extension of the proposed method to 3-D would involve an exponential increase in complexity. In this paper, we propose an approach that allows to plan for 3-D dexterous in-hand manipulation with a moderate increase in complexity. The main idea is to decompose any 3-D motion into a 3-D translation and three rotations about specific axes related to the object. The obtained simulation results show that 3-D in-hand dexterous micro-manipulation of arbitrary objects in presence of adhesion forces can be planned in just few seconds.

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Denysenko, Volodymyr. "The Knight of the National-Statist Idea (To the 140th Anniversary of Symon Petliura, Architect of the National Idea, Statesman, Military Figure and Prominent Personality)." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-53.

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The article highlights the main life milestones of Symon Petliura, a Ukrainian statesman, one of the founders of the UPR army and a public figure, reveals his contribution to the development of spirituality and scientific heritage of our society. National idea always took centre stage in his life and work. Symon Petliura had a pen-chant for art, writing, and theatre. Being fond of Ukrainian antiquity and song creativity, he thoroughly investigated the history of Ukrainian culture. In the critical period of the Ukrainian revolution, he was destined to become the head of state and fight for freedom and independence of the people. The personality of Symon Petliura is inseparable from the history of the Ukrainian army, to which he contributed a lot of effort and energy. His contribution at the time of stormy military activities is especially striking, given that Symon Petliura had no special military education. Still, it was he who was able to understand the importance of Ukraine’s own armed forces and their role in the struggle for statehood. In his capacity as Head of State and Supreme Commander of the UPR Army, Symon Petliura served as a model for his contemporaries and successors and a prominent example of ardent struggle for his country. This struggle was not successful due to the prevailing forces of the external fronts and the Ukrainian forces were too fragmented altogether. Ukraine was faced with an array of complex problems and unforeseen circumstances, which could not be dealt with even by the most brilliant masters of the then world politics. Nonetheless, he did not lose faith in the revival of Ukraine as an independent state. Even in exile, Symon Petliura continued to be a guide for his people through his diplomatic services trying to maintain the international legal status of the government of the UPR in exile. Symon Petliura is an undisputed and uncompromising leader of the national liberation struggle. His name went down in Ukrainian history as one of the outstanding figures of the 20th century. Keywords: national idea, statesman, Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian army, spirituality, patriotism.

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43

Dubey, V. N., and S. K. Agrawal. "Study of an upper arm exoskeleton for gravity balancing and minimization of transmitted forces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 225, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 1025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411911420664.

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An upper-arm wearable exoskeleton has been designed for the assistance and functional training of humans. One of the goals of this design is to provide passive assistance to a user by gravity balancing, while keeping the transmitted forces to the shoulder joints at a minimum. Consistent with this goal, this paper discusses: analytical gravity balancing design conditions for the structure of the exoskeleton; a possible implementation of these conditions into practical designs; the minimization of transmitted joint forces to the shoulder while satisfying the gravity balancing conditions; the numerical optimization of the system for gravity balancing and minimization of transmitted forces; and the effect of parameter variation on joint moments and joint forces via numerical optimization. An implementation of the design was undertaken using zero-free-length springs. The design idea presented in this paper may be useful in relieving the actuators effort of exoskeletons to support the weight of the arm and therefore the possibility of using small actuators and making the system light and portable or even a stand-alone passive support device can be developed based on these gravity balancing conditions.

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44

Lee, Eun-Jeong, and Walter Herzog. "Residual force enhancement exceeds the isometric force at optimal sarcomere length for optimized stretch conditions." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 2 (August 2008): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01109.2006.

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Residual force enhancement (FE) following stretch of an activated muscle is a well accepted property of skeletal muscle contraction. However, the mechanism underlying FE remains unknown. A crucial assumption on which some proposed mechanisms are based is the idea that forces in the enhanced state cannot exceed the steady-state isometric force at a sarcomere length associated with optimal myofilament overlap. Although there are a number of studies in which forces in the enhanced state were compared with the corresponding isometric forces on the plateau of the force-length relationship, these studies either did not show enhanced forces above the plateau or, if they did, they lacked measurements of sarcomere lengths confirming the plateau region. Here, we revisited this question by optimizing stretch conditions and measuring the average sarcomere lengths in isolated fibers, and we found that FE exceeded the maximal isometric reference force obtained at the plateau of the force-length relationship consistently (mean ± SD: 4.8 ± 2.1%) and by up to 10%. When subtracting the passive component of FE from the total FE, the enhanced forces remained greater than the isometric plateau force (mean ± SD: 4.3 ± 2.0%). Calcium-induced increases in passive forces, known to be present in single fibers and myofibrils, are too small to account for the FE observed here. We conclude that FE cannot be explained exclusively with a stretch-induced development of sarcomere length nonuniformities, that FE in single fibers may be associated with the recruitment of additional contractile force, and that isometric steady-state forces in the enhanced state are not uniquely determined by sarcomere lengths.

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45

Noyes, John K. "Decolonizing the Literature Classroom." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 7, no. 3 (September 2020): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2020.11.

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What does it mean to decolonize the literature classroom? This short paper is intended as a personal reflection on teaching as an engagement with the social forces that bring neocolonial relations into the classroom, drawing on my experience teaching literature and literary theory in South Africa and Canada. I explore the idea of decolonizing the classroom as the production of an “outside” that provides meaning for the classroom’s “inside.”

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Mollin, Jiří, Zdeněk Pavelek, Jitka Navrátilová, and Alena Recmanová. "Effect of medium on dissociation of carboxylic acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 12 (1985): 2670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19852670.

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pK Values of carboxylic acids have been measured in mixtures water-organic solvent and confronted with the Born equation. Solubilities of benzoic acid have been measured. From the pK and solubilities found the ΔGt0(C6H5COO-) values have been calculated for various two-component solvents. The results agree with the idea that the ion transfer into another medium is affected not only by electrostatic, but also by non-electrostatic forces.

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47

Liu, Shu Zhi. "Improved Moment Distribution Method and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3163.

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Change the general idea of the moment distribution method to analyze problems,not repeat fixed and relax joints to achieve a balance moment, but by the correction of the bending stiffness,deduced the moment carryover factor,moment once distributed and transferred twice you can get the moment exact solution.. Particularly suitable for the calculation of continuous beam internal forces and determination of envelope diagram and the influence lines of beam.

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48

Sheng, Anfeng. "On the ‘Intrinsic Development’ of Higher Education in China." European Review 24, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871500068x.

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Since the 1990s, the Chinese government has begun to propose a neologism – the educational concept of ‘intrinsic development’. On the occasion of the 2012 Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress, President Jinping Xi again called upon people to promote the intrinsic development of higher education. During the past 25 years, Chinese higher education has gone through drastic changes and reforms, but regrettably the idea of intrinsic development has not been expounded or defined adequately, let alone properly practised. Based on actual developments in the past and on the present situation, the author of the present article aims to examine the concept of intrinsic development and how it has been neglected or even betrayed in reality. The author concludes that the core idea of the intrinsic concept lies in improving the academic quality and level of Chinese higher education instead of worshipping the dazzling numbers of papers published and projects undertaken, in the natural growth of education from the inside instead of the quantitative expansion pushed by outside forces, in building the higher institutions and the disciplines with distinctive features instead of pursuing universal ‘comprehensiveness,’ and in developing a higher education in accordance with its internal and intrinsic laws instead of submitting to external forces, whether they are political, economic, or commercial.

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Manale, JM. "On similarity solutions, curved particle motion and artificial gravitation: A case for hydrogen." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS 20 (March 18, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23202.2021.20.6.

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We demonstrate that suitable initial conditions exist for a particle motion along a curved path, like a circle, without any external forces acting on it. This we achieve by diverting from the popular practice of describing motions of macroscopic bodies through Newtonian mechanics, and instead opt for quantum mechanics. This we do for the hydrogen atom. The validity of the idea is demonstrated by presenting a formula for G, the universal gravitational constant.

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de Trémaudan, A. H. "Louis Riel’s Account of the Capture of Fort Garry, 1870." Canadian Historical Review 102, s1 (June 2021): s44—s55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-102-s1-002.

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The capture of Fort Garry, now Winnipeg, by the Red River expedition under Colonel Garnet Wolseley, on August 24, 1870, is an event in Canadian history about which some misapprehensions have been current. It has frequently been said, for example, that the arrival of Colonel Wolseley’s forces took Louis Riel and his associates completely by surprise. That such was not the case is made clear by the following narrative written by Louis Riel himself. For this narrative the present editor is indebted to the late Joseph Riel, who died on the old homestead at St. Vital on May 27, 1921. The manuscript is not apparently complete, for it breaks off abruptly, but it has never been published, and it gives a clear idea of what went on at Fort Garry while Wolseley’s forces were approaching.

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