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Nordström, Jenny. "HOW OLDER WOMEN ARE AFFECTED OF SOCIETY IDEAL BEAUTY?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24630.
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Nordström är J, Waldesten, S. En studie om äldre kvinnor och hur de påverkas av samhällets ideal skönhet. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 poäng. Malmö högskola. Hälsa och samhälle 2011. ABSTRAKT Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska och fördjupa förståelsen av äldre kvinnors relationer till kroppsliga utseende. Problem: En förutfattad mening som vi båda kände att vi stötte på var att de gamla inte bryr sig om hur de ser ut. Varför skulle du sluta bry sig om sin kropp bara för att du blir gammal? Media visar ofta en bild av äldre som svaga och utsatta grupp. På nyheterna är det ofta äldre människor som har exponerats för något. Vi är intresserade av hur äldre kvinnor drabbas av samhällets skönhetsideal. Det är ett aktuellt ämne publicerar media ständigt artiklar och annonser om hur man kan uppnå sina kroppsuppfattning genom olika metoder. Rubriker kan ses i tidningarna är "ät dig smal", "hålla sig ung längre" och "träna dig till den perfekta kroppen". Metod: Kvaliativ, semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sju kvinnor har genomförts. De är 65-91 år gamla. Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visar att äldre kvinnor känner kroppen ideal. de är mycket medvetna om hur de ska klä sig för att inte bryta mot några normer. de tar hand om sin kropp och är aktiva med sitt utseende.Nordström, J, Waldesten, S. Youthful norms of beauty is prevailing in the society. A study about older women and how they affected of society ideal beauty. Degree project in social work 15 poäng. Malmö University. Health and Society 2011. ABSTRACTPurpose in this paper is to explore and deepen the understanding of older womens relations to bodily appearance. Problem: A bias that we both felt that we encountered was that of old do not care how they look. Why would you stop caring about their body just because you grow old? Media often show an image of the elderly as weak and vulnerable group. On the news, it is often older people who have been exposed to something. We are interested in how older women are affected by society's beauty ideals. It is a topical subject, the media constantly publishes articles and ads about how to achieve their body image through various methods. Headlines can be seen in the newspapers is "eat yourself thin", "stay young longer" and "train yourself to the perfect body". Method: Qualitive, semi-structured interviews with seven womens were conducted. They are 65-91 years old. Result: The result of this study shows that older women know the body ideals. they are very aware of how they should dress so as not to violate any standards. they care for their body and are active with their appearance.
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Albani, Francesca. "Thinness Matters: The Impact of Magazine Advertising on the Contemporary Beauty Ideal." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122572653.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Mass Communication, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iii, 80 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-80).
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Bertilsson, Elina, and Emma Gillberg. "The Communicated Beauty Ideal on Social Media : Perceptions of young women in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35961.
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Holloway, Hannah R. "The thin ideal : the role of positive and negative expectancies /." Read thesis online, 2009. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/HollowayHR2009.pdf.
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Roedl, Sara J. "Campaigning for Real Beauty or Reinforcing Social Norms? An Analysis of the Correlation of the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty and Advertisements in Fashion Magazines." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/241.
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Since 2004, the Dove personal care product brand has received much praise for widening the definition and discussion of beauty through the use of nontraditional models in its Campaign for Real Beauty advertisements. This study examined the content of the Campaign for Real Beauty ads and the content of ads in magazines that ran Campaign for Real Beauty ads. This textual analysis of a series of five Campaign for Real Beauty billboards, commonly referred to as the Dove Vote Ads, sought to determine whether the message of the Dove Vote Ads was consistent with the Campaign for Real Beauty's stated mission of societal change and widening the societal definition of beauty. The content analysis portion of this study examined 785 female models in fashion magazine advertisements in a longitudinal analysis spanning the five years surrounding the introduction of the campaign. While the textual analysis questioned whether there were conflicting messages inherent in the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty advertisements, the content analysis sought to determine whether there was a measurable change in the appearance of stereotypical beauty ideals and gender role portrayals after the introduction of the advertising campaign. This was accomplished through an examination of the 785 female models that appeared in the September 2004 and 2008 issues of Cosmopolitan and Glamour, the highest circulation fashion magazines. This mixed-method study addressed two research questions and seven hypotheses. The manifest message of each advertisement, which encourages the audience to rethink standard notions of beauty, is contradicted by the latent themes. The five years between 2003 and 2008 saw a significant increase in diversity of the female models shown in advertisements. Additionally, women were shown as more powerful in 2008 using a variety of techniques. These shifts, if sustained over time, will serve as evidence of the social and cultural influence of advertising campaigns.
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Lynch, Megan S. "An exploration of the relationship between personal ideal(s) of female beauty, self perception(s) of female beauty, and self esteem in women a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/995.
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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67).
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Swain, Fiana O. "Negotiating Beauty Ideals: Perceptions of Beauty Among Black Female University Students." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/65.
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This thesis explores the college lives of Black women who attend or recently attended majority white colleges and universities in the United States. Emphasis is placed on how Black women’s college experience is influenced by the way they define beauty, as well as how they perceive their White peers to define beauty. Through the collection of ten in-depth interviews, I examine how Black women’s perceptions of beauty compare with those of mainstream United States standards and those of the dominant culture of their schools. I explored how the Black women I interviewed responded when confronted with these mainstream beauty standards and how these standards influence their social and academic lives on campus.
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Vorobej, Elizabeth Francka Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Emulating the thin ideal : the impact of the beauty backlash on women's perceptions of control and self-worth." Ottawa, 1997.
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Bann, Erin Elaine. "Effects of media representations of a cultural ideal of feminine beauty on self body image in college-aged women : an interactive qualitative analysis /." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1624.
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Sewell, Rachel. "What is appealing? sex and racial differences in perceptions of the physical attractiveness of women." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/508.
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In today's society a beauty ideal exists in America, which attempts to define female beauty as fitting into a certain mold. Certain characteristics have been deemed the most attractive when it comes to female physical attractiveness, and an ideal image of beauty has been presented by the media. This research focuses on whether or not everyone buys into that beauty ideal, and examines the impact that a person's sex and race has on the physical characteristics which that individual defines as the most appealing. Surveys were administered to 300 UCF students age 18-35. Participants were asked about ten different physical characteristics relating to women, and were asked to choose the characteristic among each group that they found the most physically attractive or beautiful. The study showed that both sex and racial differences do exist, and that there are variations in what different people consider beautiful. Not everyone has the same opinion on what is attractive in regards to the physical appearance of women.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Sociology
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Obeidat, Sandra, and Seval Kanat. "Kvinnors attityder till skönhetsideal : En kvalitativ studie om unga kvinnors upplevelser kring det rådande skönhetsidealet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28928.
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Skönhetsideal är ett område som är aktuellt i dagens samhälle. Skönhet har genom alla tider haft en stor inverkan på framförallt kvinnor. Syftet med vår uppsats är att studera, förstå och förklara åtta unga kvinnors upplevelser och attityder till det rådande skönhetsidealet samt vad det är som påverkar kvinnorna till att de vill eller har genomgått skönhetsförändringar. Uppsatsen har sin utgångspunkt i våra frågeställningar som är följande: (1) Hur upplever unga kvinnor det rådande skönhetsidealet? (2)Vad är drivkrafterna som gör att unga kvinnor genomgår skönhetsförändringar? Undersökningen är en kvalitativ studie baserad på semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med åtta unga kvinnor i Halmstad. Reflexivitet i det moderna samhället, objektifiering och intrycksstyrning, användes som teoretiska perspektiv. Dessa teorier är sociologiska analysverktyg som har använts för att förstå och förklara kvinnors attityder till det rådande skönhetsidealet. Resultatet visade att de unga kvinnornas upplevelser av det rådande skönhetsidealet innebar att man som kvinna ska vara ung, smal, vacker och vältränad. Dagens rådande skönhetsideal visade sig vara det ideal som ansågs vara mest hälsosamt, jämfört med tidigare skönhetsideal. De unga kvinnorna blev i största utsträckning inspirerade av sociala medier när det kommer till skönhet. Kvinnorna var positivt inställda till skönhetsoperationer och plastikkirurgi ansågs vara ett medel för att förbättra utseendet samt stärka kvinnors självkänsla samt självförtroende.The beauty ideal constitutes a significant part of today's society. Beauty has throughout the time had a great impact on women in particular. The purpose of our paper is to study, understand and explain eight young women's experiences and attitudes towards society’s ideal of beauty, and what it is that makes them want to or go through beauty changes. The study has its starting point in our two questions: (1) How do young women experience the current beauty ideal? (2) What are the driving forces for young women to undergo beauty changes? This study, is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with eight young women in Halmstad. Our theoretical perspective used are reflexivity of modern society, objectification and impression management. These theories will be the sociological analysis tools in order to understand and explain women's attitudes to the current ideal of beauty. The results indicated that the young women's experiences of the current ideal of beauty meant that the women should be young, slim, beautiful and fit. Today's current ideal of beauty proved to be the ideal that was considered most healthy, comparing to previous beauty ideals. The young women were very inspired by social media when it comes to beauty. The women were positive about cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery was considered out to be a tool to improve the appearance and enhance women's self-esteem and self-confidence.
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Parsmo, Emma, and Camilla Guzmán. "If Only... : A design exploration of kroppshets." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86008.
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This design project explores the complexity of kroppshets on a sociocultural and individual level. The design research has studied patriarchal and capitalist structures and looked into industries that feed and benefit from women’s body dissatisfaction. It also looks closer at media and its part in maintaining and transmitting the unattainable body ideal created by these structures. Through autoethnographic methods and practise based research this project aims to visualise kroppshets and how it affects women in their everyday life. The project collaborates with a dozen of women that have, through interactive interviews, given a deeper insight of the subjective experience of kroppshets to add to a collective definition. The design research and its finding have resulted in a short film that give a glimpse into what situations kroppshets raise in everyday life and acknowledge women’s struggle to fit within patriarchal beauty standards. Through visualisation the issue is made accessible for a wider audience, raising awareness and making it a catalyst for change that hopefully can result in a more wholesome and sustainable life quality for women.
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Olby, Brian C. "Perceived Attractiveness and Personality Attributes: A Gender and Racial Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2509/.
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Subjects rated 12 female body shapes with respect to their physical attractiveness, and the extent to which they would be expected to possess various personality characteristics. The shapes were varied using 3 levels of overall weight and 4 levels of body shapeliness. The sample was modified to control for socioeconomic factors and results are based on 297 undergraduates from Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic racial backgrounds.
Loglinear analyses revealed that men and women, regardless of racial background, rated shapely underweight females as most physically attractive, sexy, and ideal for a woman, followed by normal weight figures of similar proportion. African Americans, women in particular, judged the shapely normal weight figures more favorably than the other subjects. Multidimensional scaling and subsequent frequency analyses showed that those figures judged as most attractive, sexy, and ideal were also expected to be fairly emotionally stable, and most successful and interpersonally competitive, but least faithful, kind, and family-oriented. Overweight female shapes, while rated as least physically attractive, sexy, and emotionally stable, were expected to be most family-oriented, kind, and faithful. Shapely normal weight figures were judged to be attractive and sexy, and were assumed to possess a moderate amount of the personality traits in question.
The results suggest that Caucasian and Hispanic subjects prefer shapely underweight women, while African Americans, particularly women, find shapely underweight and shapely normal weight women to be physically appealing. African American women also rate shapely normal weight women favorably with respect to personality traits. This perceptual difference may help inoculate them from developing eating disturbances and account for the low prevalence rate of eating disorders in African Americans compared to women of other racial backgrounds. It is suggested that future research identify those beliefs, values or behaviors that seem to inoculate African American women from developing eating disorders. Once identified, mental health professionals may facilitate their development in those women who are likely to have eating problems.
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Rosshandler, Michelle. "A historiography of idealized portraits of women in Renaissance Italy : the idea of beauty in Titian's La Bella." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83147.
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Renaissance art historians concur that women were characteristically depicted as ideal types in Renaissance portraiture. Nonetheless, the historiography of portraits of women in Renaissance Italy reveals generational shifts between scholars. Male scholars writing in the nineteenth-century to the mid twentieth-century applied formalist and cultural historical methodologies. Recent scholars raise issues that were previously neglected, such as social historical and feminist concerns. Following this rationale, I argue that the changing interests of scholars have altered the interpretations of portraits of Renaissance women. Moreover, this historical difference is split along gender lines in the historiography of Titian's La Bella. A critical review of the literature on this painting shows that male scholars, such as John Pope-Hennessey, Harold E. Wethey, and Charles Hope define the work in formal terms, such as "charming" and "pretty," whereas female scholars such as Elizabeth Cropper, Patricia Simons and Rona Goffen concur the work to be a synecdoche for the beauty of painting itself. A historiography of Titian as a portrait painter confirms that recent scholars have shifted focus from formal studies to an assessment of the social context, conditions of patronage and the feminist issues surrounding the artist's portraits.
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Johnson, Tonya M. "BLACK WOMEN ARE HUMAN BEINGS, NOT PROPERTY:A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE OF SPIKE LEE’S 1986 AND 2017 PRODUCTIONS OF SHE’S GOTTA HAVE IT." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1551869687395502.
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Cosic, Kristina, and Hanna Markgren. "Filter och retuschering - ett sätt att leva upp till skönhetsidealet? En kvalitativ studie om unga kvinnors upplevelser av bildmanipulationsverktyg på sociala medier." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94152.
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For a long period, the fashion- and advertising industry have contributed to unattainable beauty ideals among young women and retouching is not a new phenomenon. However, the rise of social media has led to easy access to free retouching applications and beautifying camera filters. The beauty ideals are maintained in today's society through camera filters' allusion to female beauty ideals. Young women can easily transform their appearance to fit within societal norms. Due to this, the study aims to investigate young women’s experiences of image manipulation tools. The study also aims to analyze whether image manipulation is important for young women's self-image and whether self-presentation on social media is adapted to the expectations of the individuals in the environment. The results of this qualitative study are based on six semi-structured interviews with women between the ages of 18 - 25, who continuously use image manipulation tools on social media. Furthermore, the study's theoretical framework is based on Goffman's dramaturgical perspective, Hirdman's gender system and West and Zimmerman's concepts of 'doing gender'. The results of this study clearly illustrate an ambivalence in young women's reasoning concerning camera filters and retouching. On the one hand, a positive attitude to the possibility of changing one's appearance is emphasized. On the other hand, negative consequences and their damage are clarified. Consequently, a prominent conclusion is that image manipulation tools have an impact on young women's self-image, which results in a normalized approach to beauty procedures. The results also show that individuals in the environment are important for female self-presentation on social media. Preparation of self-portraits and feedback in terms of likes and comments is an important part of self-presentation.Reklam- och modebranschen har sedan länge bidragit till utseendefixering bland unga kvinnor och retuschering är därmed inget nytt fenomen. Framväxten av sociala medier har dock skapat en lättillgänglighet av retuscherande gratis-applikationer och förskönande kamerafilter. Detta har medfört att utseendenormer upprätthålls genom kamerafilters anspelan på kvinnligt skönhetsideal. Unga kvinnor kan genom endast en knapptryckning förvandla utseendet för att passa in i samhällsnormerna. Syftet med studien är därmed att få en djupare förståelse för unga kvinnors upplevelser av bildmanipulationsverktyg. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om bildmanipulation har betydelse för unga kvinnors självbild och om självpresentationen på sociala medier anpassas efter omgivningens förväntningar. Resultatet av den kvalitativa studien baseras på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor i åldrarna 18 till 25 år, som kontinuerligt använder bildmanipulationsverktyg på sociala medier. Vidare utgår studiens teoretiska ramverk från Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv, Hirdmans genussystem samt West och Zimmermans begrepp “doing gender”. Studiens resultat betonar en ambivalens i unga kvinnors resonemang om kamerafilter och retuschering. Å ena sidan poängteras en positiv inställning till möjligheten att förändra det egna utseendet. Å andra sidan tydliggörs negativa konsekvenser och dess skada. Ytterligare en framträdande slutsats är att bildmanipulationsverktyg har betydelse för unga kvinnors självbild, vilket i sin tur innebär ett normaliserat förhållningssätt till skönhetsingrepp. Resultatet belyser ytterligare att individer i omgivningen har en avgörande betydelse för unga kvinnors självpresentation på sociala medier. Förberedelser av självporträtt och feedback i form av likes och kommentarer utgör en viktig del av självpresentationen.
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Barry, Marie Porterfield. "Lesson 05: Ideal Beauty in the Ancient World." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer/6.
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Battistoni, Alicia Rodriguez. "Miss America is No Ideal: The Repercussions of One Beauty." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3068.
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Thesis advisor: Lisa CuklanzThere are strict rules and expectations that govern the world’s idea of femininity and beauty. What are the repercussions of selecting one type of beauty to be ideal on a global scale? After watching the pageant and reading previous scholars’ findings, I argue that the Miss America Pageant presents its participants as women to be admired while its practices objectify women’s bodies. Several myths dictate how contestants should behave and historically diversity has failed to break into the pageant. On a global scale, Miss America has inspired other international beauty pageants, causing countries to compete with one another for the most beautiful woman. Selecting one beauty often times is based purely on appearance, like body type or racial characteristics. The implications of one beauty means that all women, all over the world, feel compelled to meet the standards set by this one beauty, this winner. In turn, women who do not measure up feel inadequate and strive to change their appearances to meet the mold. This model also homogenizes the concept of beauty that previously was diverse and culturally based. Pageants, like Miss America, therefore encourage women to objectify themselves in order to meet an international beauty standard that is historically based on white or western appearances
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Communication Honors Program
Discipline: Communication
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Andersson, Josefin, and Ebba Strömsten. "”Det första jag tänker på är att man ska vara vacker, lång och smal” : En kvalitativ studie om hur influerares sätt att göra reklam för och framställa skönhetsingrepp kan skapa betydelser för unga kvinnors kroppsuppfattning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33233.
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Listan över influerare som har gjort skönhetsingrepp kan göras lång. För att nämna ett exempel har Bianca Ingrosso med ett följarantal på 343 000 på Youtube talat öppet om att hon gjort lipfillers (Ingrosso, 2020). Dessa inlägg där influerare talar om hur de korrigerar sin kropp i kombination med att de unga är i majoritet på internet och sociala medier (Svenskarna och internet 2019) ligger till grund för vår vilja att genomföra denna undersökning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur influerares reklam och framställning av skönhetsingrepp kan skapa betydelse för hur unga kvinnor ser på den egna kroppen. För att genomföra studien har vi använt oss av sex stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor i åldrarna 15–17 år. Intervjuerna har spelats in och transkriberats och materialet har sedan analyserats för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Utifrån våra intervjuer kan vi se att influerares sätt att tala om och göra reklam för skönhetsingrepp har betydelse för unga kvinnors attityder till den egna kroppen. Några av respondenterna har även uttryckt att de blivit osäkra gällande sin egen kropp efter att ha sett inlägg gällande skönhetsingrepp från en influerare. Vi kan tydligt se att respondenterna tror att unga kvinnor är den grupp som påverkas mest av influerares framställning av skönhetsingrepp. Intervjuerna visar att respondenterna tar del av ett dominerande skönhetsideal på sociala medier och de beskriver idealet som att man ska vara smal, lång och vacker. Vi kan tydligt se, genom de analyserade intervjuerna, att de unga kvinnorna som deltog i denna studie är kritiska till influerare som talar om och gör reklam för skönhetsingrepp, då de tycker att det uppmanar andra till att korrigera sin kropp. Trots kritiken så spelar influerare en stor roll i de unga kvinnornas liv och de uttrycker att de får inspiration av influerare gällande var och vad man äter, hur man klär sig och hur man tränar. Vi kan därmed se en viss ambivalens i respondenternas svar då de följer specifika influerare samtidigt som de riktar kritik gentemot dessa.The list of influencers who has had cosmetic procedures done can be made long. To mention one example, Bianca Ingrosso with 343 000 followers on Youtube, has spoken openly about her lip fillers (Ingrosso 2020). These types of posts, where influencers talk about how they correct their body, in combination with the fact that young people are a majority of the internet and social media users (Svenskarna och internet 2019) forms the basis of our motivation to conduct this study. This study aims to analyze whether, and if so, how influencers advertising and speech about cosmetic procedures contribute in creating meaning regarding how young women view their own body. This study was conducted with six qualitative interviews, with women in age 15-17. The interviews have been recorded and transcribed and the material has been analyzed to answer our research questions. Throughout our analyzed interviews can we see that influencers' speech and advertising about cosmetic procedures are meaningful regarding young women's attitudes to their own body. Some of the respondents expressed that they felt insecure about their own body after seeing an influencer talk about cosmetic procedures. We can also see that the respondents think that young women as a group of people are affected by influencers' opinions about cosmetic procedures. In the interviews, we can also see that the respondents take part in constructing a dominating beauty ideal on social media and they define the ideal as being skinny, tall and beautiful. Clearly the young women who took part in this study are critical of how influencers talk and do commercials about cosmetic procedures, they think influencers tell others to correct their body. Despite the criticism, the young women in this study are still inspired by influencers, regarding where and what they eat, how they dress and how they work out. We can clearly see some ambivalence in the way the respondents answer as they follow specific influencers while they also are criticizing them.
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Böhlke, Rossana de Felippe. "Constructing ideal body appearance for women." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90962.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T17:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249877.pdf: 3076701 bytes, checksum: 84b006b41da206bf8e1853d6751d40b5 (MD5)
The multi-semiotic representations enacted by advertising disclose the world views in and through which it is created and consumed. Messages of gender promoting female body insecurity are strategically explored in advertisements to support diverse branches of body alteration industry including pharmaceutics. Thus, a discursive-semiotic content analysis of the national version of a 30-second television advertisement for Xenical, a prescription weight-management drug, is developed with a focus on the multimodal aspects of the dynamic displays of meaning-making resources. The key objective of this study is to carry out a critical examination of discursive-semiotic construction of gender identities, social relations and representations on the basis of the contextual and textual features of the film text. The dynamic unfolding of the images constituting the TV advertisement is based on a model of multimodal transcription of film genre proposed by Baldry & Thibault (2006) in which the visual configuration is divided into phases and organized according to the chronological sequence of the film and then aligned with its verbal information. At the micro level of visual analysis, the representational, interactional and compositional meanings of each shot are taken into account in line with the multimodal semiotic approach proposed by Kress and van Leeuven (1996; 2006). Similarly, the lexicogrammatical analysis of the verbal information/ utterances in the film is carried out in line with the tri-functional conceptualization of meaning proposed by Halliday (1994) and Halliday & Mathiessen, (2004). At the macro level, the contextual features are analyzed drawing upon principles of critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2003). The complex metafunctional interpretation of the structures of meaning indicates how visual and verbal meaning-making resources are expertly combined in order to produce, maintain and sustain ideological gender messages reinforcing social inequalities. As representações multi-semióticas oriundas da propaganda revelam as visões do mundo nas quais e através das quais a mesma é criada e consumida. Menssagens relacionadas ao gênero social que produzem inseguranças no corpo feminino são estrategicamente exploradas por comerciais com o objetivo de sustentarem diversos ramos da indústria de modificação do corpo incluindo o setor farmacêutico. Assim sendo, nesta tese desenvolve-se uma análise semiótica-discursiva do conteúdo de uma versão nacional de 30 segundos de uma propaganda de TV promovendo o medicamento Xenical, utilizado para o controle de peso, tendo em vista os aspectos multimodais da representação dinâmica dos recursos que compõem o significado do texto como um todo. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em promover uma investigação crítica envolvendo a construção semiótica-discursiva das identidades de gênero, suas relações e representações baseada em fatores textuais e contextuais de um texto sob o formato de filme. A investigação da dinâmica por das imagens de tal propaganda foi baseada em um modelo multimodal de transcrição de filme proposto por Baldry & Thibault (2006) no qual a formatação textual foi dividida em fases organizadas de acordo com a seqüência cronológica para a seguir serem alinhadas com as respectivas informações verbais. No que concerne a análise visual das fases, foi considerado o método semiótico multimodal proposto por by Kress e van Leeuven (1996; 2006). A análise lexicogramatical das informações verbais e das falas contidas no filme foi igualmente desenvolvida de acordo com o conceito tri-funcional de significado proposto por Halliday (1994) e Halliday & Mathiessen, (2004). Por sua vez, os aspectos contextuais são também examinados conforme os princípios de análise crítica do discurso (Fairclough, 2003). A complexa interpretação metafuncional deste tipo de texto indica como os recursos visuais e verbais são astutamente combinados para continuarem produzindo, mantendo e sustentando mensagens ideológicas em relação a gênero social as quais reforçam as desigualdades sociais.
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Zlokas, Rosemary E. "Consuming Beauty: The Impact of Prescriptive Beauty Literature on College Women, 1940-1950." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73602.
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My thesis looks at prescriptive beauty messages generated during 1940-1950 by using a case study of Margaret Morrison Carnegie College. I look at formal prescriptive beauty messages (advertisements, beauty manuals) and informal beauty messages (college yearbooks, newspapers, and beauty queen campaigns) to see what types of messages were created and why. I situate changes in these messages in a timeline of national culture, as it existed before, during, and after World War II. I then compare these messages by looking at which prescriptions were adapted by MMCC women as a group. I argue that these young women adopted an adapted version of the two prescriptions by following the advice given on a national level but also shaping their appearances based on what was occurring on campus. I infer that one set of prescriptions cannot exist in a vacuum; there will be a set of overarching goals to strive for, as well as a set based on standards within her immediate environment.
The digital component to this project is available at www.consumingbeauty.com.Master of Arts
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Clarke, Anastasia A. "BEAUTY & THE BEAST: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN COLOURISM AND THE FEMALE ‘BROWN BEAUTY IDEAL’ IN 21ST CENTURY TRINIDAD SOCIETY." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/567.
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Trinidad's history is both multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. Contemporary Trinidad society reflects this history; and many ethnicities and cultures can be found within Trinidadian culture. However, advertising media, I have found, usually does not reflect the total ethnic composition of Trinidad. Instead, a 'Brown', racially ambiguous, face is used as a brand ambassador. Viewing this phenomenon through the lens of women in media imagery, this work sought to investigate this phenomenon further.
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Vallely, Anne Marie. "Women and the ascetic ideal in Jainism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ41330.pdf.
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Price, Allison. "Playing the Ideal: Parenthood and Presentation of Idealized Femininity in youth on "Toddlers & Tiaras"." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367924148.
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McKenna, Emma. "A sociological study of young women and beauty." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394524.
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Lee, Kia. "The beauty perceptions of Hmong American college women." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009leek.pdf.
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Cannell, Fenella. "Catholicism, spirit mediums and the ideal of beauty in a Bicolano community, Philippines." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281811.
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Boyd, Elizabeth Bronwyn. "Southern beauty : performing femininity in an American region /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Price-Rhea, Kelly. "Beauty and Women's Professional Golf." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2761.
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Mawhood, Rhonda. "Images of feminine beauty in advertisements for beauty products, English Canada, 1901-1941." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60562.
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This thesis is a study of magazine advertisements for beauty products in Canada between 1901 and 1941. It looks at the use of cosmetics and the growth of advertising in the context of the development of North American consumer culture, highlighting the role of gender in that culture. The period studied is divided in two by the mid-1920s to reflect changes in advertisers' views of consumers--from rational decision-makers to irrational creatures driven by their emotions--and in ideals of feminine beauty, as the use of cosmetics became an essential part of the ideal perpetuated by advertising. The thesis attempts to show the link between business history and cultural history by demonstrating how marketing professionals co-opted cultural trends in order to create effective advertising, and how traditional relationships and values were modified by the purchase and use of mass-marketed goods.
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Lai, Hoi-yan. "Beauty myth in Hong Kong : y Lai Hoi Yan." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21375525.
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Martell, Susan Elizabeth. "Dying to be thin, the social construction of the female beauty ideal and eating disorders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ30966.pdf.
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Karacan, Elifcan. "Women Under The Hegemony Of Body Politics: Fashion And Beauty." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608861/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to investigate women&rsquos oppression through analyzing the overlapping features of hegemonic ideology of beauty and fashion. The major goal of the study is to examine how beauty ideology is constructed and how it is practiced in the case of fashion. Additionally, the intersecting discourses of capitalist system and patriarchy have been questioned to understand women&rsquo
s oppression, as suggested by Dual-System theorists. Therefore, throughout the study, the common interests of capitalist and patriarchal systems in reproducing oppressive body politics have been demonstrated.
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Meckel, Gamine Beth. "Approximating an image : beauty among female university students /." View online, 1985. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211130497960.pdf.
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Stokvold, Mikaela, and Christina Andersson. "Skönhet vs Skönhetsideal : Hur en grupp unga kvinnor tolkar Doves kampanj ”Campaign for Real Beauty”." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-22353.
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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur en grupp unga, svenska kvinnor mellan 20-30 år upplever de kvinnliga skönhetsidealen, samt att granska vad målgruppen anser om Doves Campaign for Real Beauty. Syftet är att studera om informanterna upplever kampanjen som ett steg i rätt riktning för att öka diskussionen och vidga begreppet skönhet. Med detta hoppas vi uppnå en större förståelse för hur unga svenska kvinnor ser på skönhetsidealen idag och om kampanjer likt Doves, är rätt tillvägagångssätt för att nå ett förändrat ideal. Teori: Delar av feministisk teori, receptionsstudier samt Stuart Halls teori om inkodning och avkodning. Metod: Två kvalitativt semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt sju kvinnor. Slutsatser: Informanterna skiljer på skönhet och skönhetsideal. De anser att Doves kampanj, Campaign for Real Beauty är ett steg i rätt riktning för ett förändrat ideal. Däremot ifrågasätter de Doves uttalade budskap med kampanjen och menar att det huvudsakliga målet skulle vara att öka försäljningen och stärka varumärket, snarare än att öka kvinnors självförtroende.
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Krönström, Tobias. "Forever young : A study of the correspondence between sculptures of Aphrodite and Venus and the female physical ideal in ancient literature." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411699.
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This study aims to explore how the goddesses of beauty Aphrodite and Venus were portrayed in sculpture in comparison to physical beauty, as attested in ancient texts. The study uses iconography and iconology to analyse the sculptures and semiotics to analyse the ancient texts. In this study measurements were taken of Aphrodite and Venus sculptures at Berlin’s plaster museum (Abguss-Sammlung Antiker Plastik). The measurements were taken in order to compare the results from the ancient texts. In this study, 11 sculptures are analysed and compared to ancient texts from five different periods (700-400 BC, 400-1 BC, 1-200 AD, 200-500 AD and unknown dates). The sculptures and the ancient texts are then compared to each other and then compared with modern studies about nakedness, physical appearance and beauty during antiquity. The results conclude that it is difficult to specify exact beauty ideals, but the study shows that women should be curvy, white and rosy, have firm breast and a lovely face, and that the sculptures follow that beauty ideal closely.
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Lai, Hoi-yan, and 黎藹欣. "Beauty myth in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B21375525.
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Abstract
of thesis entitled Beauty Myth in Hong Kong submitted by Lai Hoi Van
for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in February 2000
After the first and second waves of feminism, women in Western societies have the right to vote and work in public. However, in late capitalism, many scholars proclaim images of female beauty are used as a new political weapon against women's advancement. This weapon is the beauty myth.
The general popularity of feminine culture of beauty and the abundance of related beauty consumption can be observed in Hong Kong. In order to find out how the beauty myth is operating in Hong Kong and whether women are the victims being hindered from social advancement because of the beauty myth, the case of Hong Kong is investigated.
There are two parts of the research. The first part makes use of secondary and primary data on the positions of women in Hong Kong to construct the dominant standard of beauty. It is found that the positions of women in Hong Kong are not as advanced as women in Western developed countries in terms of work, education and family. In addition, the existence of a dominant standard of beauty can also be found in Hong Kong from analysis of beauty parlors, magazines and beauty guidebook contents.
The second part of the research is an ethnography of 13 respondents who are supposed to be the victims of the beauty myth. It is discovered that they generally accept the dominant standard of beauty but negotiations and personal politics are detected in their daily encounters with the myth. They are not "cultural dopes" but express certain degrees of agency. They actively make choices under the circumstances not of their own making. In their beauty practices, they find the specific women's community and knowledge, in which pleasure is intertwined.
Combining the macroscopic and the microscopic parts of research, women's pursuits of beauty should not be narrowed down to a totalitarian statement. For the advancement of women in Hong Kong, the present forms of beauty need not be abandoned. More perspectives and options in terms of beauty and other aspects of life such as work and education, have to be provided for women, as well as for men. The positions of women in education, work and family can only be advanced with the general political awareness of women and the struggle to change the structure. To advance the structure, the present ideologies of femininity and masculinity based on dualism have to be changed. Education, mass media and the present feminine communities of beauty can be viewed as the sites promoting a new political awareness.abstract
toc
Sociology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Hawkins, Nicole. "The Impact of the Ideal Thin Body Image on Women." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6121.
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Researchers and clinicians have postulated that the thin-ideal image portrayed in the media leads to body dissatisfaction and negative self-appraisals among women; however, there is little research that has directly examined the effects of these images on women. The purpose of this research investigation was to experimentally examine the effects of exposure to the thin-ideal on women's affect, self-esteem, body satisfaction, and level of internalization of the thin body image. This study also assessed how the thin-ideal image differentially impacted women with a diagnosed eating disorder. College women (N = 145) were randomly exposed to photographs from popular magazines containing either thin-ideal images or neutral images (nonmodels).
The results indicated that exposure to the thin-ideal images produced body dissatisfaction, negative mood states, and lowered self-esteems. It was also expected that exposure to the thin body image would result in higher levels of internalization of the thin-ideal; however, the results indicated that women exposed to these images had significantly lower levels of internalization compared to women in the neutral condition. The results also suggest that women with eating disorders exhibited significantly more body dissatisfaction and depression after exposure to the thin-ideal relative to all other subgroups of women. Implications for prevention of eating disorders and areas of future research are discussed.
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Santos, Helena Miranda dos. "Corpos perfeitos: o “ideal” de beleza das mulheres construído na contemporaneidade." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19060.
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Esta Dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo do discurso hegemônico sobre o modelo de beleza “ideal” que vem sendo socialmente construído para a mulher de classe média, na atualidade. Neste sentido, foram entrevistadas 20 mulheres (10 adolescentes e 10 jovens) residentes na cidade de Salvador e pertencentes às classes média-média e média-baixa, de modo a identificar as insatisfações e os desejos de modificar a sua aparência física (o corpo, o rosto e os cabelos) para alcance desse “padrão ideal". A base teórico-metodológica deste estudo se pautou em procedimentos da análise do discurso crítica articuladas a abordagens teóricas feministas contemporâneas nas discussões sobre gênero, corpo e mídia. A análise dos dados se restringiu às entrevistadas jovens e apontou para a presença, em suas falas, da ideologia dominante sobre a beleza articulada a constructos discursivos alternativos e da área médica/saúde. As discussões também acusaram o baixo nível de consciência dessas entrevistadas sobre a imposição social ao modelo de beleza que é estimulado pela mídia em favor da indústria de consumo e apontaram a existência de uma relação direta entre os investimentos de beleza e a busca ou manutenção de relacionamentos heterossexuais. The objective of this research project was to study the hegemonic discourse about the “ideal” beauty model that has been socially constructed for middle-class woman. To this end, 20 women (10 teenagers and 10 young women) were interviewed who live in the city of Salvador and belong to the middle and middle-lower social classes, to identify their dissatisfactions and desires regarding modifications of their physical appearance (body, face and hair) in order to obtain the “ideal model.” The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was founded on critical discourse analysis associated with contemporary feminist theoretical approaches in discussions on gender, body and the media. Data analysis was limited to interviews with the young women and demonstrated, in the information they provided, effects of a dominant beauty ideology related to alternative discursive constructs and to the medical / healthcare field. The discussions also demonstrated the low level of consciousness of the women interviewed with regard to the social imposition of a beauty model that is stimulated by the media to favor the industry of consumption and also demonstrated the existence of a direct relationship between investments in beauty and the search for or maintenance of heterosexual relationships.
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Gardner, Sheena Kaori. "Beauty standards negotiations of social life among African American college women /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10152008-164410.
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LIVRAMENTO, MARIANA NAZARE. "A STUDY ABOUT VALUES ON BEAUTY PRODUCTS BY LOW INCOME WOMEN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16852@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO mercado de baixa renda tem apresentado um significativo crescimento no seu potencial de consumo. No entanto, o restrito orçamento familiar deste mercado ainda limita o consumo de certos produtos. E mesmo convivendo com essa limitação financeira, muitas mulheres deste grupo consomem produtos que podem ser considerados supérfluos, como produtos de beleza. O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar os valores que levam as mulheres de baixa renda a consumir produtos de beleza. Conduziu-se um estudo exploratório, baseado em entrevistas em profundidade com 17 mulheres. A interpretação das entrevistas, realizada com as técnicas laddering e grupo de focus e com análise de conteúdo, sugere que mulheres de baixa renda, ao comprarem produtos de beleza buscam reconhecimento social, serem respeitadas como indivíduos e, principalmente, auto-estima.
The low-income market has shown a significant growth in its consumption potential. However, the limited family budget in this market have limited consumption of certain products. And even living with these financial constraints, many women in this group consume products that can be considered superfluous, as beauty products. The objective of this dissertation is to identify the values that takes low-income women to consume beauty products. It has conducted an exploratory study, based on interviews with 17 women. The interpretation of the interviews held with the laddering technique, focus group and content analysis, suggests that low-income women into buying beauty products seek social recognition, to be respected as individuals, and especially self-esteem.
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Arterbery, Andrea. "The Invisible Woman: A Study of Black Women in Magazine Beauty Advertisements." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505270/.
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Brännström, Andrea. ""Kvinnan ska eftersträva skönhet enligt rådande ideal" : En analys av myter i VeckoRevyns frågespalter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19488.
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This essay is an analysis of mythologies in the Swedish women´s magazine VeckoRevyn. The magazine’s own explicit purpose is to break down the unhealthy opinion of what beauty is in their industry today. By content and linguistic analysis the results of this study are interconnected to the beauty myth as it was established by Naomi Wolf in 1991. The goal is to pinpoint how VeckoRevyn’s question and answer columns construct relationships to their readers, and the mythologies that they maintain. The columns mostly focus on the readers’ physical appearance, and the beauty myth is clearly an inevitable influence. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this is that the beauty myth is hard-wired into our society’s subconscious. VeckoRevyn is working to prevent this, and even though they have not fully succeeded, they are a part of bringing the phenomenon to the surface of society.
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Clarke, Hester Frances. "Becoming beautifully modern : an ethnographic study of the work of beauty amongst British Pakistani women in Sheffield." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/becoming-beautifully-modern-an-ethnographic-study-of-the-work-of-beauty-amongst-british-pakistani-women-in-sheffield(574e4a3f-7563-4fc9-8415-efac830844d5).html.
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My research explores the tension between being and becoming modern and moral for British-born Muslim Pakistani women in Sheffield through an investigation into the judgements that surround beauty, beautification, and beauty work. Through ethnography I unpack the raced and classed regimes in which my interlocutors are embedded, arguing that global Islam and Asian are affiliations that are realised in relation to the English (White British) community. Through comparisons to White British women (referred to as ‘English’ amongst my informants), the young Pakistani women I met negotiate an understanding of themselves and others within a schema of British multiculturalism, in which English are the standard for which to aim. Over the last 10 years, the number of young, British-born Pakistani women in Sheffield who are establishing Ladies Only beauty salons and training as Asian Bridal Make-Up Artists has increased rapidly. These specialised services, catering for Muslim and Asian women respectively, appear at first glance to be conflictual with the notion of piety. In my thesis, I demonstrate how these two narratives overlap and are brought together by the idiom of ‘good intention’, a trope which centres on a discussion of self-esteem and female empowerment. In the everyday, beauty and beautification are judged through perceptions of ‘naturalness’ and ‘balance’, a narrative that gives way to one of beauty-as-effort during celebratory occasions. Whereas everyday beautification is directly linked to the superior beauty and beautification of White English women through discussions of ‘natural’ fair skin and good taste, I suggest that the perception of Asian beauty-as-effort is also compared to perceptions of White English beauty. Although Asian beauty-as-effort and transformation are considered superior to the mere improvement undertaken by White English women during celebratory occasions, forms of beautification thought of as Asian, are used as a measure of the ‘progression’ of the Pakistani community as a whole along a continuum on which the White English community is thought of as the furthest progressed. The popularity of beauty work amongst my informants is due to the perception that such work has high earning potential as well as offering job flexibility and the possibility of being one’s own boss. These positive attributes are troubled, however, by a perception of beauty work as being specifically related to Pakistani women, low-skilled, and potentially immoral. In my thesis, I explore how beauty workers negotiate the negative connotations of beauty work through contemplation of their Islamic faith, kinship relations, and the notion that beauty work is just a hobby or a stepping stone to ‘proper’ work within a graduate profession.
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Harnett, Kerry A. "Appearing Modern: Women's Bodies, Beauty, and Power in 1920s America." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/686.
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Thesis advisor: Davarian BaldwinThis thesis explores the paradoxical role of American women in the 1920s. The Twenties was a decade of rapid industry and progressive liberalism that generated the birth of the “modern” woman. As a group, women gained significant power in political, economic, and educational domains and ushered in ideas of female independence, individuality, and free will. Yet it was also a period of superficial exploitation and objectification of female bodies. Women could express their individuality, but only within the bounds of what was deemed acceptable by the male-dominated commercial beauty culture. While women had increasing control over their lives, they used this control to scrutinize and regulate their own bodies to achieve standards of feminine beauty. The combined experience of the American woman’s new independence and power, the growing beauty culture, and new understandings of the body as a site for change was both liberating and restricting. Ultimately, this thesis shows that the Modern Woman liberated and empowered the modern American woman, while submerging her further into the strangling grasp of self-regulation and societal constructs
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: History Honors Program
Discipline: History
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Riise, Hege. "The effect of a cultural beauty ideal on body image : extending the social comparison paradigm to everyday life /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136094371&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Strothers, Evette Evelyn. "Beauty before the camera : the hiring of television newswomen /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299090312.
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Thompson, Joanne. "Social constructions of childbirth : 'real' women, 'ideal' mothers, minds, bodies and mastery /." Adelaide, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpst4732.pdf.
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Skelly, Julia. "No strangers to beauty : contemporary black female artists, Saartje Baartman and the Hottentot Venus body." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97824.
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Saartje BaartJnan was a South African woman who signed a contract in 1810 that effectively made her the property of two white men wishing to exhibit her in Europe because of the shape and color of her body. In this text 1 examine two very different categories of representations of Baartman. First, I discuss images that were produced during Baartman's lifetime that discursively transformed her from a black woman with an identity into a pathologized body known as the Hottentot Venus, and second, I discuss the contemporary black female artists who are producing art inspired by Baartman in order to problematize the racist and sexist assumptions that have been inscribed on the black female body. My research encompasses important scholarship done by white feminist art historians, as well as that by black feminist theorists, and my thoughts on this subject have also been informed tremendously by work that has been done on the visual culture of slavery and on racist stereotypes by post-colonial scholars.
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Gill, Elizabeth Clara. "Encoding beauty ovulating women encode the attractiveness of male and female social targets /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181950.
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