Academic literature on the topic 'Ideal social self-image congruence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ideal social self-image congruence"
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Campos, Alfredo. "Self-Ideal Congruence as Measure of Self-Esteem." Psychological Reports 58, no. 3 (1986): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.729.
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This study concerned whether self-ideal congruence correlates with general self-esteem and what aspects of self-esteem are better measured by the self-ideal congruence. For 25 men and 82 women ( M age = 21 yr.) self-ideal congruence correlated (-.28 to -.48) with general self-esteem and measured Sociability and Social Intelligence better (.34 to .42).
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Han, Jeongsoo, Mina Jun, Miyea Kim, and Sookyoung Key. "Influence of Congruency between Ideal Self and Brand Image on Sustainable Happiness." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 4076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114076.
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Building on the Sustainable Happiness Model, this study examines how congruency between ideal self-concepts and brand image influences a sense of happiness. The findings show that when the ideal self-image and the ideal social self-image are congruent with brand image, a sense of happiness can be enhanced through brand identification and positive emotions. An additional two-mediation analysis confirms that there are full mediation effects of brand identification and positive emotions between ideal self/ideal social self-brand congruency and happiness. This study contributes to the literature as it reveals the mechanism of how congruency between ideal self-concepts and brand image positively affects happiness. In addition, this study also provides useful insights for business practitioners as previous studies suggest that enhancing consumer well-being helps increase firms’ long-term sustainability in many ways.
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Mackowiak, Robert, Kristen M. Lucibello, Jenna D. Gilchrist, and Catherine M. Sabiston. "Examination of Actual and Ideal Body-Related Characteristics and Body-Related Pride in Adult Males." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 5 (2019): 155798831987464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319874642.
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Body image concerns are becoming more prevalent in males. Discrepancies between actual and ideal body muscularity and thinness have been studied from a pathological perspective whereby perceiving the body as discrepant from an internalized ideal is associated with body dissatisfaction, negative emotions, and harmful body-altering behaviors. It is unclear if agreement among actual and ideal self-perceptions is associated with positive emotion in males. The present study examined the associations between actual and ideal congruence and discrepancies in muscularity and thinness, and two facets of pride (i.e., authentic and hubristic pride) in male adults. Participants ( n = 294; Mage = 34.80 years; MBMI = 27.31 kg/m2) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. Results from polynomial regressions indicated that actual and ideal self-perceptions of muscularity and thinness were significant predictors of both authentic ( R2 = .37 and .20) and hubristic pride ( R2 = .33 and .19), respectively. Response surface values demonstrated that extremely high or low scores that were congruent for muscularity ( a2 = .35 and .40) and thinness ( a2 = .18 and .18) perceptions were associated with higher reports of authentic and hubristic pride. These findings demonstrated that congruence in actual and ideal self-perceptions contribute to feelings of pride, suggesting interventions that promote actual and ideal self-perception congruence may be important for fostering positive emotional experiences in males.
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Japutra, Arnold, Yuksel Ekinci, Lyndon Simkin, and Bang Nguyen. "The role of ideal self-congruence and brand attachment in consumers’ negative behaviour." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 3/4 (2018): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2016-0318.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of ideal self-congruence in instigating two types of negative consumer behaviours – compulsive buying and external trash-talking – and the mediating role of brand attachment on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were designed using a structural equation modelling methodology. Study 1a was based on a mail survey of 280 respondents, whereas Study 1b was based on an electronic survey of 152 respondents. Study 1b was conducted to test the external validity of the research model. Findings In Study 1a, ideal self-congruence affects emotional brand attachment and in turn emotional brand attachment affects compulsive buying behaviour and external trash-talking. The mediation analysis indicates that emotional brand attachment mediates the relationships. Study 1b offers support to the results of Study 1a. Practical implications From a practical point of view, this study is useful for policymakers seeking to regulate and prevent excessive consumerism. For marketers, they should understand that brand attachment leads to compulsive buying and external trash-talking, which may provide immediate benefit for the brand or the firm. However, marketers should understand that these two negative behaviours may harm the firm image and consumers’ well-being in the long run. Social implications Apart from practical implications, firms should consider alleviating compulsive buying, as it is harmful to society. Similarly, excessive external trash-talking may lead to physical aggression. Consumers expect firms to be socially responsible. Thus, firms should start conducting activities that promote responsible shopping and reduce external trash-talking. Originality/value The study highlights a dark side of ideal self-congruence and brand attachment. The results suggest that ideal self-congruence with the help of emotional brand attachment predicts compulsive buying behaviour and external trash-talking. This may not only damage brand image but also the consumers’ well-being.
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Wang, Weisha, Cheng-Hao Steve Chen, Bang Nguyen, and Paurav Shukla. "Collaboration between East and West: influence of consumer dialectical self on attitude towards co-brand personality traits." International Marketing Review 37, no. 6 (2020): 1155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2019-0012.
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PurposeWith rising globalization, Western and Eastern brands are increasingly collaborating and co-branding. Drawing on the theory of dialectical self that captures the degree of cognitive tendency to tolerate conflicts, inconsistencies and ambiguities in self-concept, this paper investigates the effect of consumer dialectical self on co-branding that encompasses Western and East Asian cultural brand personality traits.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted using Chinese participants to examine the effects of the dialectical self on co-brand evaluation under single-and dual-personality conditions and to explore the mediating role of ideal social self-congruence and the moderating role of product type (high vs low conspicuous).FindingsThe findings suggest that counterintuitive to the received wisdom, the dialectical self negatively influences one's attitude towards a co-brand in the dual-personality condition only. Further, ideal social self-congruence mediates the relationship between the dialectical self and dual-personality co-brand evaluation in the high conspicuous product condition only.Practical implicationsImportant implications are offered to international marketing managers for managing the dialectical self that lead to positive co-brand evaluations. Moreover, managers should highlight ideal social self-congruence for co-branding success for particular product types.Originality/valueThis paper examines co-branding from a novel perspective of consumer dialectical self and shows the pivotal role it plays when brands carry varying cultural traits engage in co-branding. By identifying the role of the dialectical self and the important mediator and moderator, the paper fulfils an important gap in co-branding literature and offers key implications.
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Huang, Yu-Shan (Sandy), Yao-Chin Wang, and Pei-Jou Kuo. "Face Gain and Face Loss in Restaurant Consumers’ Brand Advocate Behaviors." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 3 (2018): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348018813733.
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Face plays a key role in guiding consumers’ consumptions in social settings. The purpose of this research is to understand how the desire to gain face and the fear to lose face affect consumers’ self-brand congruence and brand advocate behaviors toward their favorite restaurant brands. Using structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data, the results indicated (1) that ideal-self attainability encouraged the desire to gain face while discouraging the fear to lose face, (2) that the desire to gain face exerted positive effects on positive word-of-mouth and negative avoidance through actual self-brand congruence, and (3) that the fear to lose face exerted negative effects on positive word-of-mouth through actual self-brand congruence.
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Chang, Chingching. "Ideal Self-Image Congruency as a Motivator for Smoking: The Moderating Effects of Personality Traits." Health Communication 22, no. 1 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410230701310240.
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Al-Hoorie, Ali H. "Unconscious motivation. Part II: Implicit attitudes and L2 achievement." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 6, no. 4 (2016): 619–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.4.4.
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This paper investigates the attitudinal/motivational predictors of second language (L2) academic achievement. Young adult learners of English as a foreign language (N = 311) completed several self-report measures and the Single-Target Implicit Association Test. Examination of the motivational profiles of high and low achievers revealed that attachment to the L1 community and the ought-to L2 self were negatively associated with achievement, while explicit attitudes toward the L2 course and implicit attitudes toward L2 speakers were positively associated with it. The relationship between implicit attitudes and achievement could not be explained either by social desirability or by other cognitive confounds, and remained significant after controlling for explicit self-report measures. Explicit–implicit congruence also revealed a similar pattern, in that congruent learners were more open to the L2 community and obtained higher achievement. The results also showed that neither the ideal L2 self nor intended effort had any association with actual L2 achievement, and that intended effort was particularly prone to social desirability biases. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Castro, Lorena, and Jose Marquez. "The use of Facebook to explore self-concept: analysing Colombian consumers." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-12-2015-0086.
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Purpose This research aims to explore the way companies can use social network sites, in particular Facebook, to understand the elements of the actual and ideal-selves of their target market. An important issue is whether the brand’s personality should match consumers’ actual or ideal-self; this complex decision depends on specific characteristics of target markets and products. Design/methodology/approach Photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews were carried out and applied to 15 interviewees. This exploratory phase seeks to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon clarifying important concepts through the users’ rich descriptions and explanations. A primary exploratory qualitative research is conducted, as there is only little information available to answer the research question. Secondary data have also been used to support or contrast the findings with those made by other authors Findings The results indicate that Facebook users construct their virtual identity with elements from both the actual and the ideal-self, although they predominantly stress those aspects, which make them look more socially desirable. Each Facebook feature is used with different intentions, and that is why different elements of the self can be extracted from each. Practical implications Companies can enhance emotional connections with consumers by applying “self-congruence”, which refers to the correspondence between the consumer’s self-concept and the brand’s personality. Originality/value To analyse the empirical findings, the paper draws on the self-concept, brand personality and self-congruence theory. More particularly, on Facebook representations and its relationship with the way people think about them and the manner in which they are expressed.
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Wallace, Elaine, Isabel Buil, and Sara Catalán. "Facebook and luxury fashion brands: self-congruent posts and purchase intentions." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (2020): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-09-2019-0215.
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PurposeThis study explores consumers' self-congruence with luxury fashion brands they mention on Facebook. It investigates the extent to which those brands are congruent with the actual self (ASC) or the ideal self (ISC), and whether ASC or ISC of luxury fashion brands on Facebook predicts purchase intention. It also examines trait antecedents of both ASC and ISC Facebook mentions of luxury fashion brands, specifically materialism, self-monitoring and self-esteem.Design/methodology/approachFindings are presented from a survey of Facebook users who mention luxury fashion brands on the social medium.FindingsSelf-esteem was revealed as an antecedent of ASC luxury fashion brands mentioned on Facebook, while materialism and high self-monitoring predicted ISC luxury fashion brands. Only ASC luxury fashion brands mentioned online were positively associated with purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsResults are exploratory, and they are limited to those who are active Facebook users and who mention a luxury fashion brand on Facebook.Practical implicationsThe study offers implications for managers of luxury fashion brands seeking to utilise Facebook to enhance the purchase intention for their brands or to increase the idealisation of the brand.Originality/valueThe paper provides new insights into the relationship between self-congruent mentions of luxury fashion brands on Facebook and purchase intention of those brands, distinguishing between ISC and ASC. This research also offers valuable and useful insights into ISC and ASC antecedents.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ideal social self-image congruence"
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Holmström, Lena. "Dekonversion och självuppfattning : En religionspsykologisk studie av dekonvertiters berättelser." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181366.
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This study focuses on aspects of cult experiences, given by deconverted former members of closed religious movements. Their testimonies were published in books or interviews. The aims of the study were to understand the interaction between the religious group and its members, living in high tension towards mainstream society and their testimonies of altered self-esteem during attraction, membership, deconversion and defection. The purpose was to understand how a person´s self-esteem is affected by inner mechanisms of closed religious movements and how these experiences affects a persons identity. Another aspect was whether there might be differences in altered self-esteem, between those who enlisted as adults, and those who were born into the closed religious contexts. Social Identity Theory, Sigmund Freud´s and Carl Rogers models of personal ego were used as models of interpretations. Qualitative methods have been used for analysis of data. The defectors´ testimonies could be interpretated in terms of altered social identity. During attraction and membership, the members perceived him or herself as an in-group member, which boosted their self-esteem. Their perceived selves existed in congruence with group norms. Being a former member lead to a reversed process of socialisation and self perception, during which the out-group became a new in-group in order to enhance self-esteem. Those, who enlisted as adults, reformed back to their former identity and thereby enhanced their self-esteem by integrating their cult experiences with their former self. Those, who were born into the religious movements, had troubles to adapt to mainstream society, as they did not have any alternative personal identity outside the group, and therefore experienced difficulties to enhance self-esteem.
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Ahlbom, Joel, and Daniel Andersson. "E-bike users are lazy… and healthy : A study in consumer behaviour on the symbolic values of e-bikes, why some want e-bikes and others avoid them." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centre for International Marketing and Entrepreneurship Research (CIMER), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40354.
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Research question: To examine what aspects affect some consumers to avoid e-bikes and others to desire them. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to see if e-bikes have a symbolic value. We aim to see if e-bikes is associated as an environmentally friendly product. We will examine stereotypes and brand avoidance. Further we will see what attributes consumers associate with typical users of e-bikes. Theory: To test our research question we chose our main theory of the matching process between self-image and typical user. Prior studies on e-bikes in areas as typical users and environment were analyzed. Previous studies on e-bikes were analyzed in areas such as environment and typical users. Methodology: A survey was made on two groups who are underrepresented in sales of ebikes. Students aged 21-30 and cycling enthusiasts. Results and conclusions: • We found that e-bikes have symbolic value. • Many respondents perceive e-bike users as environmentally friendly, comfortable and lazy. • E-bikes being perceived as environmentally friendly can be a pre-purchase indicator for students, but not for cycling enthusiasts • Different groups of students have conflicting user imagery, one group describe e-bikers as lazy, and another group describe e-bike users as healthy • The stereotype that e-bike users are old is not very frequent • Viewing e-bike users as lazy influences impacts the perceived value and are likely to lead to brand avoidance
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Postica, Doru. "Self-image congruence and brand preference: analysis by product usage role and level of country development." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4805.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais.<br>Past research assumed and successfully proved self-image congruity to have a positive impact on product/brand choice, purchase intentions, and brand preference. The purpose of the research is to study the self-concept dimensions (actual and ideal) and their relation to brand preference. Type of product (conspicuous and inconspicuous) and type of country (Moldova as developing country and Portugal as developed country) were examined in the relationship between actual/ideal self-image congruence and brand preference. Hypotheses were formulated and data were collected through survey method. A preliminary questionnaire was designed to test the instrument’s efficiency and choose the most representative brands. Then, data were collected through student surveys, written in Romanian for Moldova, in Portuguese for Portugal and in English for Erasmus students. The perceptions of 208 respondents about their self-congruity and brand preference were obtained for two types of products: clothes and toothpaste, with two brands being compared for each type. An understanding of self-image congruence impact can give clearer directions in developing better marketing programs. These notions are also crucial in determining the relation between the person’s image and the final purchase behavior. It was found that self-image congruence has a significant impact over brand preference, while actual self-image congruence influencing more the inconspicuous products and ideal self-image congruence – conspicuous ones. Other practical and theoretical implications are also discussed. The work’s originality is in the cross-analysis of products and countries.<br>Investigações anteriores provaram com êxito o impacto positivo da congruidade da auto-imagem sobre a escolha do produto / marca, intenção de compra e preferência de marca. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar as dimensões de auto-conceito (real e ideal) e sua relação com a preferência de marca. O tipo de produto (conspícuos e discreto) e do tipo de país (Moldávia como país em vias de desenvolvimento e Portugal como país desenvolvido) foram examinados na relação entre a congruência entre a auto-imagem real/ideal e a preferência da marca. As hipóteses foram formuladas e os dados foram recolhidos por meio de sondagem. Um questionário preliminar foi elaborado para testar a eficiência do instrumento de recolha e para escolher as marcas mais representativas. Em seguida, os dados foram recolhidos por meio de uma sondagem a estudantes, escrita em romeno para a Moldávia, e em português para Portugal, e em inglês para os estudantes Erasmus. As perceções dos 208 inquiridos sobre a sua auto-congruência e a marca foram obtidas através de dois tipos de produtos: roupa e pasta de dentes, com duas marcas utilizadas respetivamente para cada tipo. Uma compreensão do impacto da congruência da auto-imagem pode dar indicações mais claras no desenvolvimento de melhores programas de marketing. Essas noções são também cruciais para determinar a relação entre a imagem do consumidor e do comportamento de compra final. Verificou-se, assim, que a congruência da auto-imagem tem um impacto significativo sobre a preferência de marca, embora a congruência da auto-imagem real influencie mais os produtos discretos e a congruência da auto-imagem ideal, os produtos conspícuos. Outras implicações práticas e teóricas também são discutidos. A originalidade do trabalho reside na análise cruzada de produtos e países.
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Romero, Joshua Paul. "The effects of priming body shape on men's selective exposure to magazine advertising featuring models with ideal and non-ideal body shapes A social comparison approach /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211985495.
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Di, Natali Nicole, and Matthildur Ivarsdottir. "Perception meet Reality : A pilot study of the self-congruence of female online shoppers." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-811.
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The goal of this research is to better understand the gap between the consumer's actual self image versus their perceived ideal image; in which, could help an online retail company to respond more effectively and provide a better service to its target customer with an added goal of reducing the rate of returns. A two-phased mixed methods approach was applied to this research to test for participants perceived and actual ideas of themselves, as well as their attitudes towards ideals. The first phase consisted of manual measurements taken and recorded, following a semi-structured interviewed. The second phase consisted of a 3D scan (digital measurements) taken and recorded followed by a four question survey comprising of three Likert questions, and one open ended question, concluding with researcher observations noted. The results showed that while the participants were mostly congruent with regards to size, they were mostly incongruent with regards to shape, and had zero congruence between the actual and the ideal self. All participants also experienced varying levels of fit issues with several areas mentioned, though pants/bottoms being the number one fit struggle. All participants expressed interested in the 3D scanning technology, felt it was easy to use, but there was a lack of continuity between participant self-reported survey answers, and their verbal answers as well as research observations.
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Wang, Kurtto Jennifer. "Instagram and Millennials’ identity : Perceived ideal image on Instagram in relation to perceived real identity." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280663.
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Majority of millennials are daily users of Instagram and in conjunction with previous studies on Instagram displaying negative effects on psychological well-being, how individuals perceive their identity in relation to their Instagram use is interesting as it could be a part of how their psychological wellbeing is affected through use. Most previous research on Instagram and psychological well-being are general and based on quantitative methods. Descriptive findings on how individuals relate to their Instagram in terms of image or identity is not yet explored. The research question of this paper is therefore to investigate if there exists a perceived ideal image on Instagram and if individuals separate their Instagram image from their perceived real identities. Semi-structured interviews with 11 participants categorized through thematic analysis indicate a perceived ideal image on Instagram exists, and majority of participants cannot separate their Instagram image from their perceived real identity. It is assumed through findings that the level of awareness when applying one’s image or identity during Instagram use could indicate how risky it is for individuals to be affected negatively on their psychological well-being during usage. Increasing awareness of how one identify him- or herself based on his or her image or perceived real self could potentially decrease the risk of negative social comparison and self-discrepancy in interaction with one’s Instagram use. Findings showed there exists a perceived ideal image on Instagram while there is no coherent perception among participants in how they separate their perceived image from their perceived real identity. Future research could investigate whether this ’identity incongruence’ while using Instagram is part of a new way of constructing one’ identity in a world where virtual and real no longer has clear borders.<br>Majoriteten av Millennials är dagliga användare av Instagram och i kombination med tidigare studier om Instagram som tyder på negativa effekter på det psykosociala välmåendet - är hur individer upplever deras identitet i relation till deras Instagram-användande är intressant att undersöka, då det kan vara del av hur deras psykosociala välmående påverkas genom användning. Större delen av tidigare studier om Instagram och psykosocialt välmående är generell i naturen och baserat på kvantitativa metoder. Detaljerade resultat av hur individer relaterar till deras Instagram i form av image eller identitet är ännu inte undersökt. Frågeställningen är därför att undersöka om en upplevd idealisk image existerar på Instagram och om individer separerar deras Instagram image från deras upplevda riktiga identitet. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer med elva medverkande, kategoriserade genom tematisk analys, indikerar på att en upplevd idealisk image på Instagram existerar samt att majoriteten av dem medverkande inte kan skilja deras Instagram image från deras upplevda riktiga identitet. Det är antaget genom resultatet att nivån av medvetenhet man har i appliceringen av ens image eller identitet under användningen av Instagram kan indikera hur riskfyllt det är för individer att bli negativt påverkade psykosocialt under deras användning. Genom ökat medvetande av hur man identifierar sig själv baserat på sin image eller upplevda riktiga jag skulle risken för negativ social jämförelse och själv-diskrepans potentiellt minska i interaktion med ens Instagram-användande. Resultaten visar att en upplevd idealisk image på Instagram existerar samtidigt som en sammanhängande uppfattning av hur de medverkande separerar deras upplevda image från deras upplevda riktiga identitet inte existerar. Framtida studier kan undersöka närmare om denna ’identitets-inkongruens’ som uppstår under Instagram-användande är ett nytt sätt att skapa sin identitet på i en värld där det virtuella och det riktiga inte längre har tydliga gränser.
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Ryrlén, Johanna, Fanny Andreasson, and Fröstrup Isabella Gunnarsson. "Influencers bidrar med ouppnåeliga ideal : en kritiskt granskande kvalitativstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23821.
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Forskning visar att på grund av sociala mediers tillväxt har företag alltmer börjat synas på sociala medier i syfte att marknadsföra sina produkter genom så kallad influencer marketing. Tidigare forskning visar att sociala mediers utveckling i kombination med de ouppnåeliga idealen som influencers framställer har som konsekvens att många individers självkänsla och kroppsbild påverkas negativt. Därmed är uppsatsens syfte att undersöka hur influencers i generation Y påverkar unga kvinnor i generation Zs konsumtion samt självbild. Ytterligare har studien som intention att medföra kännedom om hur influencers upplevs från konsumentens perspektiv. I studien tillämpas en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med hjälp av 15 individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor i generation Z. Under kodning uppkom teman som kopplades samman med två teoretiska perspektiv, jämförelse och påverkan. Dessa perspektiv används för att analysera individers beteenden på sociala medier i relation till influencers. Resultatet visar att influencers generar ett stort engagemang bland kvinnor i generation Z. De unga kvinnor i generation Z som presenterades i studien påverkades negativt av influencers på sociala medier på så sätt att individer jämför sig med influencers ideal som anses vara ouppnåeliga. Det är av stor vikt att kunna relatera till influencers man följer för att öka trovärdigheten och övertygelsen. Att relatera till en influencer visade sig även vara en bidragande faktor till att man jämför sig, vilket framkom tydligt i empirin. Samtidigt visades jämförelse vara en övergång till att respondenter påverkas. Köpintentionen grundas i att influencers ses som inspiratörer när det kommer till mode. Genom rabattkoder upplever en del att de måste passa på och får en positiv attityd till spontanköp. Samtidigt känner en del individer köphets och att reklam upplevs opersonligt och blir snarare stressande än inspirerande. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för både forskning och företag om konsekvenser som uppkommer vid användning av influencers samt en intention om hur influencers upplevs utifrån konsumentens perspektiv. Studien har begränsats till att undersöka hur unga kvinnor i generation Z upplever att de påverkas av influencers som exempelvis Bianca Ingrosso. Förslag till vidare forskning är att tillämpa ett företagsperspektiv då denna studien utgår från ett konsumentperspektiv. Ytterligare ett förslag är att undersöka generation Zs konsumentbeteende då det är den största generationen demografiskt.<br>Research shows that, due to the growth of social media, companies have increasingly begun to appear on social media in order to promote their products through so-called influencer marketing. Previous research shows that the development of social media in combination with the unreachable ideals of influencers has the consequence that many individuals' self-esteem and body image are adversely affected. The purpose of the essay is therefore to investigate how influencers in generation Y affect young women in generation Z's consumption and selfimage. Further, the study intends to bring awareness of how influencers are perceived from the consumer's perspective. The study uses a qualitative research method with the help of 15individual semi-structured interviews with women of generation Z. During coding, themes emerged that were linked to two theoretical perspectives, comparison and influence. These perspectives are used to analyze individuals' behaviors on social media in relation to influencers. The results show that influencers generate a high level of engagement among women of generation Z. The young women of generation Z presented in the study were adversely affected by influencers on social media in that individuals compare with influencers' ideals that are considered unreachable. It is of great importance to be able to relate to influencers you follow to increase their credibility and conviction. Relating to an influencer also proved to be a contributing factor in comparing oneself, which was evident in the empirical study. At the same time, comparison was shown to be a transition to the effect of respondents. The purchase intention is based on influencers being seen as inspirers when it comes to fashion. With discount codes, some people feel that they have to take care and get a positive attitude towards spontaneous purchases. At the same time, some individuals feel that buying and advertising are perceived as impersonal and rather stressful than inspiring. The study contributes to an increased understanding for both research and companies about the consequences that arise when using influencers and an intention about how influencers are experienced from the consumer's perspective. The study has been limited to examining how young women in generation Z feel that they are affected by influencers such as Bianca Ingrosso. Suggestions for further research are to apply a business perspective as this study is based on a consumer perspective. Another proposal is to examine Generation Z's consumer behavior as it is the largest generation demographically.
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Brown, Mitch. ""Train Real Hard, Brother!" Media Self-Assimilation of Masculine Ideals on Male Body Image and Physical Strength." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398342753.
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Landgraff, Emelie. "En undersökning om unga kvinnor, sociala medier - och framställandet av kroppsideal." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29217.
Full textAbstract:
En undersökning om hur bilder på sociala medier påverkar unga kvinnors självbild är en kandidatuppsats vars syfte är att undersöka hur unga kvinnor blir påverkade av bilder de ser på sociala medier, samt att undersöka hur denna påverkan ser ut. Syftet med undersökningen är även att se om kvinnornas ålder har någon inverkan på hur man uppfattar dessa bilder. Denna undersökning utgår från ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där intervjuer via mejl samt två kompletterande semistrukturerade intervjuer är grunden för empirin. Empirin har analyserats utifrån tidigare relevant forskning om sociala mediers effekt på unga kvinnor samt hur samhället ser på en hälsosam kropp. Undersökningen utgår från relevant teori angående hur media upprätthåller "tunnhetsidealet" i samhället, samt hur en kropp bör se ut för att vara attraktiv. För att så tydligt som möjligt redovisa resultaten har respondenternas svar delats upp i tre olika teman. I undersökningens analysavsnitt diskuteras och besvaras frågeställningarna som hela undersökningen bygger på. Undersökningen avslutas med en slutdiskussion där resultaten, problematiken och frågeställningarna diskuteras. I slutdiskussionen lägger jag även fram förslag för tidigare forskning inom samma ämne.<br>A study about how pictures on social media affects young women´s self-image is a candidate thesis aimed to investigate how young women are affected by images they see in social media.The purpose is to investigate if women´s age has a influence in how one perceives these images. The study arises from a qualitative approach where interviews via e-mail and two independent interviews are the basis of empirical data. Empirical data has been analyzed on the basis of previous relevant research absout social medias effect on young women and how society looks on a healthy body. The study is based on relevant theory on how media maintain thinness ideal in society and how the body should look to be attractive. I have then divided the respondents answers into three different themes to clarify the results for the reader. In the analysis section is the question at issue discussed and answered.The study concludes with en final discussion where the results, problems and issues are discussed. The final discussion of this thesis finishes with proposals for future research in the same field.
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Domoff, Sarah E. "The Short-Term Effects of Viewing Sexually Objectifying Media: A Test of Objectification Theory." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1345220448.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ideal social self-image congruence"
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Gissing, George. The Odd Women. Edited by Patricia Ingham. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538300.001.0001.
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`There are half a million more women than men in this unhappy country of ours . . . So many odd women - no making a pair with them.' The idea of the superfluity of unmarried women was one the `New Woman' novels of the 1890s sought to challenge. But in The Odd Women (1893) Gissing satirizes the prevailing literary image of the `New Woman' and makes the point that unmarried women were generally viewed less as noble and romantic figures than as `odd' and marginal in relation to the ideal of womanhood itself. Set in grimy, fog-ridden London, these `odd' women range from the idealistic, financially self-sufficient Mary Barfoot and Rhoda Nunn, who run a school to train young women in office skills for work, to the Madden sisters struggling to subsist in low-paid jobs and experiencing little comfort or pleasure in their lives. Yet it is for the youngest Madden sister's marriage that the novel reserves its most sinister critique. With superb detachment Gissing captures contemporary society's ambivalence towards its own period of transition. The Odd Women is a novel engaged with all the major sexual and social issues of the late-nineteenth century. Judged by contemporary reviewers as equal to Zola and Ibsen, Gissing was seen to have produced an `intensely modern' work and it is perhaps for this reason that the issues it raises remain the subject of contemporary debate.
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Ledger-Lomas, Michael. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0001.
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The nineteenth century was a very good century for Congregationalism in England and Wales. This chapter documents the significant numerical growth it achieved during this period, and its energetic efforts in the area of missions, both foreign and domestic. Congregationalists provided the lifeblood of the large, well-funded London Missionary Society, and the most celebrated missionary of the age, David Livingstone, was a Scottish Congregationalist. Throughout this chapter the question of whether generalizations about Congregationalism in England were also true of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland is kept in view. This chapter explores the denomination’s raison d’être in its distinctive view of church polity as local and the way that it was increasingly in tension with the strong trend towards greater union among the churches. Founded in 1831, the Congregational Union of England and Wales waxed stronger and stronger as the century progressed, and Congregational activities became progressively more centralized. Although women were excluded from almost all official positions in the churches and the Congregational Unions and generally were erased from denominational histories, they were nevertheless often members with full voting rights at a time when this was not true in civic elections. Women were also the force behind the social life of the congregations, including the popular institutions of the church bazaar and tea meeting. They were the main energizing power behind works of service and innumerable charitable and outreach efforts and organizations, as well as playing a significant part in fundraising. The self-image of Victorian Congregationalism as representing the middle classes is explored, including the move towards Gothic architecture and the ideal of the learned ministry. A mark of their social aspirations, the Congregational Mansfield College, founded in 1886, was the first Protestant Dissenting Oxbridge college. Congregationalists also gave leadership to the movement towards a more liberal theological vision, to an emphasis on ‘Life’ over dogma. English, Welsh, Scottish, and Irish Congregationalists all participated in a move away from the Calvinist verities of their forebears. Increasingly, many Congregational theologians and ministers were unwilling to defend traditional doctrines in regards to substitutionary atonement; biblical inspiration, historicity, authorship, dating, and composition; and eternal punishment. A particularly important theme is Congregationalism’s prominent place of leadership in Dissenting politics. The Liberation Society, which led the campaign for the disestablishment of the Church of England, was founded by the Congregational minister Edward Miall in 1844, and Dissenting Members of Parliament were disproportionately Congregationalists. Many Christians emphatically and passionately knew themselves to be Dissenters who were relatively indifferent about which Nonconformist denomination they made their spiritual home. In such an environment, Congregationalism reaped considerable, tangible benefits for being widely recognized as the quintessential Dissenting denomination.
Book chapters on the topic "Ideal social self-image congruence"
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Lin, Chien-nai, Yu-Tzu Lin, and Ching-Cha Hsieh. "Unfolding the Diminishing Image Control in Online Self Presentation." In Studies in Virtual Communities, Blogs, and Modern Social Networking. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4022-1.ch003.
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As the young generations grow up using applications like Facebook and as fans of social networking technologies, understanding the presentations of self in a virtual community becomes a worthwhile topic to be addressed. Drawing on the theory of dramaturgical theory (Goffman, 1959), this interpretive research was conducted to observe the self presentation of the participants in a virtual community to analyze their online behaviors and interactions. The observations found that only in the early stage of interaction, people can have a high degree of control over the ideal images creation; however, the clues to reveal actual images are accumulated over time and across cyberspaces. This research suggested that personal control over image delivery in a virtual community weakens over time, which challenged the assumption made by prior literature regarding how people have greater control in creating ideal images in the virtual community. The findings of this research could provide insight for people who use virtual community to search for credible personal information or to build ideal images. Besides, this research suggested that although Internet technologies facilitate access to a rich source of information, the convenience in information acquisition and verification comes at the expense of personal privacy.
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Neckel, Sighard. "Sociology of shame: basic theoretical considerations." In Shame and Social Work. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447344063.003.0003.
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In his chapter Sighard Neckel points out the social characteristics of shame. This emotion arises from the interweaving of social relationships and presupposes the difference between the self and its ideal image just as much as a violation of the norm before the eyes of others. In this respect shame is tied to sociality, normativity and morality. The author illustrates the structural anchoring of the loss of self-esteem in social conditions. Analogous to the dimensions of status acquisition used in sociology in modern societies, such as material prosperity, knowledge, position in organizations and in informal groups, different social shaming techniques are explained. Neckel shows that social devaluations arise when the work or need of people is not valued. The associated devaluations in material and social terms produce feelings of inferiority – feelings with which the addressees of social work are systematically confronted. The article concludes that individualizing social situations and interpreting social disadvantages as personal failure generate shame and the experience of one’s own unworthiness. It is shame that indicates how heterogeneous respect and recognition can be distributed in society.