Books: 'Ideal victim'

1

Ideala offer, och andra: Konstruktioner av brottsutsatta i medier. Malmö: Gleerups, 2010.

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Zernova, Margarita. Restorative justice: Ideals and realities. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2007.

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3

Davidson, Rondel Van. Did we think victory great?: The life and ideas of Victor Considerant. Lanham: University Press of America, 1988.

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4

Restorative justice: Ideas, values, debates. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan Pub., 2002.

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5

Christus Victor: An historical study of the three main types of the idea of atonement. New York: Collier, 1986.

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6

Christus victor: An historical study of the three main types of the idea of atonement. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003.

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7

Hillis, Newell Dwight. Great books as life-teachers: Studies of character, real and ideal. Chicago: F.H. Revell, 1988.

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8

United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations. The Torture Victims Relief Act of 2005; supporting the goals and ideals of a National Weekend of Prayer and Reflection for Darfur, Sudan; and condemning the Democratic People's Republic of Korea for abductions and continued captivity of citizens of the Republic of Korea and Japan as acts of terrorism and gross violations: Markup before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, on H.R. 2017, H. Res. 333 and H. Con. Res. 168, June 23, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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9

United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. East Asia Security Act of 2005; Torture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 2005; condemning the DPRK for the abductions and captivity of citizens of the ROK and Japan; acknowledging African descendants of the transatlantic slave trade; commemorating the 60th anniversary of the conclusion of the war in the Pacific and honoring veterans of WWII; recognizing the 25th anniversary of the workers' strikes in Poland; supporting the goals and ideals of a national weekend of prayer and reflection for Darfur, Sudan; and commending Kuwait for granting women certain important political rights: Markup before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, on H.R. 3100, H.R. 2017, H. Con. Res. 168, H. Con. Res. 175, H. Con. Res. 191, H. Res. 328, H. Res. 333 and H. Res. 343, June 30, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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10

Duggan, Marian, ed. Revisiting the “Ideal Victim”. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338765.001.0001.

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Revisiting the ‘Ideal Victim’ is a collection of academic responses to the late Nils Christie’s (1986) seminal piece on the ‘ideal victim’ in which he addressed the socially constructed concept of an idealised form of victim status or identity. Highlighting the complex factors informing the application or rejection of victim status, Christie foregrounded the role of subjective and objective perspectives on personal and societal responses to victimisation. In sum, the ‘ideal victim’ is: “a person or category of individuals, who – when hit by crime – most readily are given the complete and legitimate status of being a victim” (1986: 18, original italics). This concept has become one of the most frequently cited themes of victimological (and, where relevant, criminological) academic scholarship over the past thirty years. In commemoration of his contribution, this volume analyses, evaluates and critiques the current nature and impact of victim identity, experience, policy and practice in light of Christie’s framework. Demonstrating how the very notion of what constitutes a ‘victim’ has undergone significant theorisation, evaluation and reconceptualization in the intervening three decades, the academic contributors in this volume excellently showcase the relevance of this ‘ideal victim’ concept to a range of contemporary victimological issues. In sum, the chapters critically evaluate the salience of Christie’s concept in a modern context while demonstrating its influence over the decades..

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11

Rhodes, Neil. Literature in Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198704102.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the ways in which the Reformation produces a crisis for humanist literary values and the Erasmian ideal of bonae literae. Initially attacked by conservatives such as Martin Dorp, literature then falls victim to a Reformation ideology which denigrates fiction and the imagination. This is evident in the debates between More and Tyndale and is reinforced by censorship at the end of Henry VIII's reign. The chapter ends with a discussion of the extreme case of Cornelius Agrippa, whose comprehensive denunciation of the arts and sciences would abolish literature altogether. The fracture between democracy and the imagination which emerges in this chapter is what makes the English Renaissance so late.

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12

Meško, Gorad, Eszter Sárik, and Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac, eds. Mapping the Victimological Landscape of the Balkans : A Regional Study on Victimology and Victim Protection with a Critical Analysis of Current Victim Policies. Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30709/978-3-86113-279-0.

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This timely and comprehensive collection of discussions on victimology, victims of crime and victim protection policies in the Balkans and beyond engages readers with the current state of the art of regional victimology in the Balkans and Central Europe. Original contributions from as many as ten countries of the region analyse the development of victimology, victim protection policies and practices, as well as major areas of victimological research. The main idea of the book at hand is to provide an insight into the complex nature of victimisation in contemporary societies and a deeper understanding of the nature of, and responses to, victimisation in the context of the criminal justice system and civil society. Chapters about the recent developments of victimology in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey reflect on cultural victimology and contextualisation of victimology and victimological thought from a broader societal perspective. More importantly, the chapters thus present, for the first time, a comparative and contextual account of regional contributions to present-day victimology. This publication is a milestone of victimological research calling for a follow-up and more comparative victimological studies in the future, improvement of practice in victim protection and more feasible victim protection policies.

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13

High, Casey. Victims and Warriors. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039058.003.0008.

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This chapter brings together several strands of the book's argument that memories of violence are not only about establishing a sense of mutual experience and kinship but are also the basis of alterity and revenge. Located at the intersection of indigenous cosmology, intercultural relations, and ongoing social transformations, these memories construe the relationships between past and present in ways that challenge dominant ideas about tradition, modernity, and indigenous peoples as historical objects. Just as shamans, kowori outsiders, and “uncontacted” people become targets of violence, so too are they remembered in certain contexts as kin. For many Waorani, violence not only leads to feelings of loss and anger but also to a certain “mutuality of being” with people whose kin become victims of violence. This chapter also considers recent events that have important consequences for the future of Waorani communities, such as changes in Ecuadorian national politics, proposals to halt oil development in the Yasuní National Park, and the escalation of violence between Waorani and Taromenani people.

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14

Dean, Carolyn J. Aversion and Erasure. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801449444.001.0001.

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This book offers a bold account of how the Holocaust's status as humanity's most terrible example of evil has shaped contemporary discourses about victims in the West. Popular and scholarly attention to the Holocaust has led some observers to conclude that a “surfeit of Jewish memory” is obscuring the suffering of other peoples. The text explores the pervasive idea that suffering and trauma in the United States and Western Europe have become central to identity, with victims competing for recognition by displaying their collective wounds. It argues that this notion has never been examined systematically even though it now possesses the force of self-evidence. It developed in nascent form after World War II, when the near-annihilation of European Jewry began to transform patriotic mourning into a slogan of “Never Again”: as the Holocaust demonstrated, all people might become victims because of their ethnicity, race, gender, or sexuality—because of who they are. The recent concept that suffering is central to identity and that Jewish suffering under Nazism is iconic of modern evil has dominated public discourse since the 1980s. The book also argues that we believe that the rational contestation of grievances in democratic societies is being replaced by the proclamation of injury and the desire to be a victim. Such dramatic and yet culturally powerful assertions, however, cast suspicion on victims and define their credibility in new ways that require analysis.

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15

Ochoa, Rolando. Intimate Crimes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798460.001.0001.

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This book analyses the survival strategies that wealthy people in Mexico City have designed and implemented to protect themselves from kidnapping, with special focus on household employment relationships. This particular crime has demonstrated a particular evolution in the last twenty years that deserves analysis. Once a political crime, it became an economic crime that at first only targeted wealthy individuals and then over time began targeting working-class victims. This book presents a detailed history of the evolution of kidnapping in the period 1968 to 2009. It links this evolution to processes of democratization and liberalization which took place in Mexico since the 1980s. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the strategies used by potential kidnapping victims to protect themselves from this crime, from the community level to the micro-individual level. Special attention is focused on the hiring process of household employees, namely drivers, as evidence suggests that most kidnappings are organized or facilitated in some way by a close collaborator of the victim. In this case, the book focuses on the hiring of drivers in the household. The hiring process is approached as a problem of trust. Signaling theory is the main framework used for solving this problem, as well as some ideas found in transaction cost economics, namely vertical integration.

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16

Flood, Dawn Rae. Black Victims and Postwar Trial Strategies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036897.003.0004.

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This chapter refocuses attention on the treatment of rape victims during the 1950s exclusively, when African American women began regularly appearing in court, challenging the idea that they did not trust the system, or that the State did not consider theirs to be winnable cases. Although these women did not do so without difficulties, their voices came to be a part of an expanded culture of rights in which numerous groups and individuals challenged inequality in modern American society. Moreover, despite the State's efforts to portray black rape victims as deserving of protection and justice, defense attorneys maintained racist and sexist stereotypes in court, causing an evolution of the rape trial into the hostile territory that contemporary rape victims face and feminists continue to reform.

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17

Hinton, Alexander Laban. Aesthetics (Theary Seng, Vann Nath, and Victim Participation). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820949.003.0007.

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The second part of the book, “Turbulence,” centers on the transitional justice encounter of three survivors (Theary Seng, Vann Nath, and Bou Meng) involved in victim participation at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). Chapter 4, for example, is loosely structured around the idea of aesthetics and the experience of two victims who participated in the proceedings, Theary Seng and former S-21 prisoner Vann Nath. If the 2008 reenactment highlighted the performative dimensions of the transitional justice imaginary, it also suggested an implicit aesthetics as a former prison that had been converted into a genocide museum was, in this moment, envisioned as a crime site now inhabited by court personnel, victims and witnesses, and defendant, and evidence. The ECCC has a similar aesthetics of justice, ranging from court regalia and symbols to courtroom demeanor, technologies, styles of speech and movement, and public participation. The first part of the chapter centers on the experience of the first civil party, Theary Seng. Originally skeptical of the ECCC, Seng came to believe it had transformative possibilities in terms of promoting democracy in Cambodia. To this end, in a series of pretrial hearings, she sought to speak directly in court. Initially successful, Seng was eventually silenced as the Pre-Trial Chamber ruled that civil parties could only speak through their lawyers. Seng, for her part, became increasingly critical of the court, stating that she refused to be a piece of “décor” in a “sham.” Eventually she would renounce her civil party status and become an outspoken critic of the court, which was increasingly beset by controversy. The remainder of the chapter focuses on Vann Nath’s Case 001 testimony. On the day of his testimony, the 500-seat courtroom was packed, as it would be during many subsequent trial sessions. Vann Nath’s art, much of which he had produced during People’s Republic of Kampuchea for display at Tuol Sleng, was reintroduced as juridical evidence and shown in court. The chapter explores some of these aesthetic dimensions of the transitional justice imaginary even as it considers the lived experience and practices that informed Vann Nath’s art, including Buddhist aesthetics and beliefs.

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18

van Prooijen, Jan-Willem. Revenge, Gossip, and Restorative Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609979.003.0009.

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Besides formal third-party punishment, punishment can take alternative forms such as revenge, gossip, and restorative justice. This chapter examines these alternative punishment forms in light of the idea that punishment is a basic moral instinct. Revenge means that the victim (or people close to the victim) directly punishes the perpetrator. Revenge has a behavioral-control function similar to third-party punishment’s, but it is less successful due to a lack of legitimacy and proportionality. Gossip enables group members to harm an offender’s reputation. These reputational concerns stimulate cooperation, even among the most powerful members of the group, if group members are likely to gossip. Finally, although restorative justice (e.g., healing an injustice through victim–offender mediation) is frequently portrayed as alternative to punishment, it actually works best if it contains punishment. Restorative justice is mostly an improved procedure to implement punishment, increasing fairness and hence cooperation.

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19

The Ideas of Victor Serge: A Life as a Work of Art. Merlin Press, 1997.

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20

Weissman, Susan C. The Ideas of Victor Serge: A Life as a Work of Art. Critique Books, 1997.

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21

Hinton, Alexander Laban. Breaking the Silence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820949.003.0010.

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This Preamble to Part III begins with a description of a play performed in collaboration with the Documentation Center of Cambodia and the Cambodian Branch of AMRITA Performing Arts. This part focusses on the lived experience of victim participation and how the transitional justice imaginary ideas of reconciliation and healing did not necessarily accord with the understandings of Cambodians.

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22

Johnstone, Gerry. Restorative Justice: Ideas, Values, Debates. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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23

Johnstone, Gerry. Restorative Justice: Ideas, Values, Debates. Willan Publishing (UK), 2001.

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24

Johnstone, Gerry. Restorative Justice: Ideas, Practices, Debates. Willan Publishing (UK), 2001.

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25

Aulen, Gustaf. Christus Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of Atonement. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003.

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26

Restorative Justice: Ideals and Realities (International and Comparative Criminal Justice). Ashgate Pub Co, 2007.

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27

Hillis, Newell Dwight. Great Books as Life Teachers: Studies of Character Real and Ideal. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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28

Hillis, Newell Dwight. Great Books as Life Teachers: Studies of Character Real and Ideal. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2005.

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29

Song, Weijie. A Comparative Imperial Capital. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200671.003.0005.

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This chapter considers how Lin Yutang, Princess Der Ling, and Victor Segalen envision their indigenous and exoticist urbanscape of Beijing, viewed from near and afar—a universalist construction, an Orientalist self-exhibition, and an “aesthetics of diversity.” By presenting pleasant rather than painful, harmonious rather than contradictory images of an everyday and imperial capital, Lin Yutang describes Beijing as an ideal, mythical, metaphorical, and semiotic city, a cultural code surviving barbarism, looting, conquest, and turbulence in modern times. Princess Der Ling, First Lady-in-Waiting to the Empress Dowager Cixi, articulates the inner voices in “the Great Within,” and the fierce confrontations and subtle negotiations between Manchu imperial politics and Western thought/technology inside the Forbidden City. Obsessed with pure difference and disparity, Victor Segalen, a French writer and ethnographer, creates a fictional, mythical, and treacherous city underneath the Imperial Forbidden City, to incarnate his exoticist ideal in the twilight of the Manchu Empire. A comparative and transcultural image of Beijing showcases the pleasures and pitfalls of collecting local knowledge and presenting Orientalist and Cosmopolitan visions of an ancient captial.

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30

Lisa J, Laplante. Part IV The Right to Reparation/Guarantees of Non-Recurrence, A The Right to Reparation, Principle 33 Publicizing Reparation Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0037.

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Principle 33 focuses on the obligation of the State to publicize ‘ad hoc procedures’ for the distribution of reparations. The ‘publicity principle’ assures the right to compensation, restitution, non-material, symbolic reparations and other remedies and places the onus on policymakers to implement outreach campaigns that inform victims of these right and how to access them. Principle 33 emanates from the idea that ‘a reparation mechanism has little practical value if potentially eligible victims are not aware of the opportunity to make claims or are not given timely information on how to do so in a language they can understand’. After providing a contextual and historical background on Principle 33, this chapter discusses its legal framework and practice, with emphasis on United Nations guidelines and principles; international mass claims processes; international courts, commissions and committees; and country specific practice.

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31

Ivison, Duncan. Historical Injustice. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0028.

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This article examines the concept of historical injustice in the context of contemporary political theory. It examines the moral consequences of historical injustice for the descendants of both the perpetrators and the victims and outlines the six questions that any plausible defence of the idea of making reparations for past injustices must deal with. It suggests that taking historical injustice seriously is compatible with moral cosmopolitanism and it also helps with the understanding the nature of various kinds of inequalities that persist today.

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32

Miller-Idriss, Cynthia. The Extreme Gone Mainstream. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196152.001.0001.

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Far right politics and extremist violence are on the rise across Europe, prompting scholars and policymakers to question why extremism has become so appealing to so many people. This book examines how far right ideologies have entered mainstream German culture through commercialized products and clothing laced with extremist, anti-Semitic, racist, and nationalist coded symbols and references. Required reading for anyone concerned about the global resurgence of the far right, the book shows how these new brands desensitize consumers to extremist ideas, dehumanize victims, and are virtually indistinguishable from other popular clothing.

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33

Victor Gaviria : los márgenes al centro. Las peliculas, las ideas sobre cine, la poesia, los ensayos, los relatos, las crónicas. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia, 2004.

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34

The Torture Victims Relief Act of 2005; Supporting the Goals and Ideals of a National Weekend of Prayer and Reflection for Darfur, Sudan; And Condemni. Not Avail, 2005.

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35

Schaller, Dominik J. Genocide and Mass Violence in the ‘Heart of Darkness’. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0018.

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This article discusses genocide and mass violence in Africa during the colonial period. While European colonial rule lasted only several decades, it had a profound impact on Africa. The history of European colonialism in Africa is of unprecedented socio-economic, political, and cultural change, mass violence, and exploitation. Until recently, the historiography of colonialism and genocide has portrayed the Africans as passive and apathetic victims of European power and violence. But Africa did not degenerate into a graveyard because of the Europeans' attempt to transform the continent and its inhabitants according to their ideas. European colonialism did not succeed in completely destroying African cultures and identities. Africans always found ways to preserve their cultures and to reconstitute their social organizations, however totalitarian and coercive the colonizers' policies and fantasies about absolute power were confirmed.

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36

Maienschein, Jane, and Kate Maccord. Changing Conceptions of Human Nature. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262533287.003.0008.

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To understand Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein in modern terms, it is useful to go back several millennia to Aristotle’s ideas of what it takes to become fully and normally human. Victor Frankenstein’s creation acts like and is perceived to be a monster. As Aristotle noted millennia ago, a monster is a being that has not developed normally. Victor’s creature definitely did not develop normally, resulting in an incomplete being – something with the structure and material of a living, human type but without having gone through the process of emerging gradually and acquiring all the components to become a whole individual. Perhaps Victor’s own incomplete and imperfect education left him also “monstrous” in some ways and let him create a being and then run away from it before it was complete. Seeing Victor and his creature this way, we also gain insight into current practical and policy assessments about why a developing embryo or fetus is not a fully normal human.

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Paul, David C. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037498.003.0001.

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This book explores the changing images of American composer and music icon Charles E. Ives across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, paying particular attention to issues of agency (how an idea transfers from one person to another) and constituency (the nature and size of the audience to which a person speaks). Ives has been, at various times, considered a hero, victim, villain—sometimes singly, sometimes simultaneously. He had been portrayed, for example, as a pioneer of American musical modernism and a symbol of American freedom, but at the same time the perpetrator of one of the greatest musical hoaxes of all times. This book examines the way Ives has been imagined by the critics, composers, performers, and scholars who have had the most impact in shaping the various conversations about him, from Leonard Bernstein and Henry Cowell to Aaron Copland and Elliott Carter. It argues that the history of Ives's reception is not only a series of portraits of an unusual composer, but also a series of mirrors that reflect the way Americans have viewed themselves.

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38

Sperino, Sandra F., and Suja A. Thomas. Down the Rabbit Hole. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278380.003.0004.

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The “stray remarks doctrine” is a court-created concept that allows courts to declare that certain discriminatory remarks are not relevant to an underlying claim of discrimination. This doctrine is one of many evidentiary rules and inferences that courts have created and that they sometimes use at the pretrial motion stage to evaluate discrimination claims instead of allowing cases to proceed to trial and to be decided by juries. In addition to the stray remarks doctrine, this chapter explores the “same-actor inference,” the “honest-belief doctrine,” “inference blindness,” and the idea that courts do not sit as “super-personnel departments.” These doctrines and inferences are unique to discrimination law, reflect stereotypical thinking, and are not justifiable. They prioritize the employer’s explanations over the interests of discrimination victims.

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Clarke, Katherine. The Conquest of Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0006.

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This chapter examines in detail the metaphorical language of desire, control, war and conquest which characterizes Herodotus’ account of Persian interaction with the natural world. After considering the appeal of beautiful lands more generally, it focuses on the particular and excessive desire for natural beauty which is most strongly manifested by Persian kings and their advisers. It argues that Herodotus associates a specific language of rage, passionate desire, punishment, enslavement, and control with the Persians in relation to their imperial bids, which marks them out as distinct from other characters. The argument is strengthened by Herodotus’ application of the metaphor of the alliance of the natural world with some of the victims of Persian imperialism. The idea that ‘the divine’ responds to the narrative through natural phenomena is also explored.

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Oropeza, Lorena. Women, Gender, Migration, and Modern US Imperialism. Edited by Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor and Lisa G. Materson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.35.

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The United States as an empire—first spreading over the continent and then abroad—depended on ideas about the proper role of women, men, and families. Even before the United States began acquiring territory overseas, American women engaged in reform efforts abroad as missionaries and political activists. The presence of Anglo-American women and children allowed invading settlers across the continent to alternatively cast themselves as innocent victims who needed to resort to violence or as civilizing agents promoting assimilation. After 1898, Puerto Rico and the Philippines provided new arenas for women’s civilizing mission, while paternalism explained away US military violence. In turn, America’s harvest of empire included low-paid female immigrant laborers. With each wave of immigration, their bodies became the focus of white Americans’ fears over fecundity, poverty, and regulating the boundaries between the domestic and the foreign.

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41

Publishing, Alpha. List of My Victims : Funny Notebook, Personal Journal with Funny Saying on Cover, Humorous Gag Gift Idea for Coworkers/Friends/Family: 6 X9 Lined Blank 100 Pages Notebook. Independently Published, 2019.

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42

Boutin, Aimée. Aural Flânerie. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039218.003.0002.

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This chapter establishes that scholarly approaches to flâneurs have downplayed the broader impact of the urban experience on the senses and underappreciated their aural acuity. From the type's early formulations by Honoré de Balzac, Auguste de Lacroix, and Victor Fournel, the flâneur is attuned to city sounds, and flâneur-writing arranges them to portray the city as concert. The art of flânerie consists of transforming the empirical confusion of city sounds into a unified musical composition. As the clamor of the streets promoted selective hearing, street musicians were targeted as major contributors to the city as concert. Close readings of verbal and visual sketches by Delphine de Girardin, Maria d'Anspach, Bertall, and Old Nick show that class-biased ideas about concert music influenced their often humorous reactions to street noise; nevertheless, the neurasthenic bourgeois ear was often less than receptive to the intrusive noise of foreign street performers. In contrast, Victor Fournel waxed enthusiastic about the people's love of music. A close reading of his Ce qu'on voit dans les rues de Paris makes sense of his distinctive appreciation for street music.

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Swann, Julian. From Disgrace to Despotism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0012.

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Disgrace was the exercise of the sovereign will, usually independent of the regular judicial process, and it could be justified on the basis of both divine right and the ancient maxim that the king was the fount of all justice. Yet despite the emergence of a new model of disgrace in the seventeenth century, obedience did not necessarily mean acceptance. This chapter examines the progress of a parallel critique of the practice of disgrace founded on the law. From their inception, lettres de cachet were denounced as arbitrary, even despotic, and these ideas developed into a much broader critique of arbitrary punishment driven by judges and many victims of disgrace that by the reign of Louis XVI would lead to calls for their abolition. As this chapter demonstrates, the campaign for a French version of habeas corpus would sap the ideological justification of disgrace and prepare the ground for Revolution.

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Otgaar, Henry, and Mark L. Howe. When Spontaneous Statements Should Not Be Trusted. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612016.003.0004.

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Statements provided by eyewitnesses and victims have a paramount role in legal cases. Such statements are often the only piece of evidence in criminal trials, hence it is vital to understand how reliable these statements are. This chapter provides an overview of the latest work on how statements can be infected by spontaneous false memories. It first shows that statements that arise spontaneously and without any external suggestive pressure contain a high degree of accuracy. However, the chapter then shows that spontaneous statements can also lead to memory errors, especially when during the experience of an event associations are made concerning the experience. Interestingly, this chapter presents new evidence that when this idea of associative activation is taken into account, adults are more susceptible to the formation of spontaneous and suggestion-induced false memories than children.

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45

Lunn-Rockliffe, Katherine. French Romantic Poetry. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.7.

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French Romantic poetry marked a dramatic break with a national tradition of verse which had been inherited almost unaltered from the seventeenth century. During the eighteenth century, the neo-classical conception of poetry as a rule-governed and highly stylized art had continued to prevail; verse was characterized by a solemn tone and narrow lexis, and there was a rigid distinction between poetic genres. Whereas Romantic poetry in England and Germany seemed already to allow the imagination free reign, in France poets needed first to reject these neo-classical conventions. Victor Hugo declared in the preface to hisOdes et balladesof 1822 that ‘La poésie n’est pas dans la forme des idées, mais dans les idées elles-mêmes’ (poetry lies not in the form of ideas but in the ideas themselves), and the French Romantic poets were all in different ways engaged in reshaping the forms of poetry to suit their individual purposes.

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Stephens, Regina. Notebook Journal: VICTOR Fix Quote Funny Birthday Personalized Name Gift Idea Blank Lined Notebook 6x9 Inch / Journal Gift Lined Notebook for Neos, Officers, ... Diary. Independently Published, 2020.

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Caps, John. Almost to Broadway. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036736.003.0017.

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This chapter details the efforts to bring the film Victor/Victoria to Broadway. For thirteen years since Blake Edwards' successful experience with Julie Andrews on the film, he had been renewing the theatrical rights to the property, the story and characters, at considerable expense. His longtime producer and partner Tony Adams was urging him to do something with it or cut it loose. One idea was to take its song-and-dance aspects to Broadway. But first Edwards, Adams, and choreographer Rob Marshall would have to cobble together some kind of a show. Edwards started writing the musical's “book,” and of course Mancini and Leslie Bricusse would try to revisit the same story they had tackled in 1982 and come up with Broadway-styled songs. Victor/Victoria was supposed to go into previews in the spring of 1995 with a Broadway opening soon after. But so many things were out of shape; the real reason for the delays and for its ultimate weaknesses as a show was the sudden and quite unexpected health crisis of its composer.

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Kudlick, Catherine. Social History of Medicine and Disability History. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.1.

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Disability history and social history of medicine are two subfields that share many common topics and sources but that approach them very differently. For medical historians, disability takes center stage as a problem that requires fixing, and the “victims” are primarily patients. For disability historians, disability suggests not just the person or practitioner, but also a unique understanding of all the elements, including politics, economics, and culture, that shape relationships for the disabled. Following a brief history of each subfield, two examples are presented—responses to epidemics and the idea of cure—to discuss how scholars can be in more productive conversation. As is demonstrated here, disability is not just a topic to be studied, but rather a tool of analysis. While the distinctive roots and purposes of the two subfields ensure that they will always be fundamentally incompatible, they can, and should, engage in productive conversation.

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Stephenson, Barry. 3. Ritual and society. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199943524.003.0004.

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What does ritual do? Sociological and anthropological theory of the first half of the twentieth century proposes that ritual—secular or sacred—binds groups together, ensuring their harmonious functioning by generating and maintaining orders of meaning, purpose, and value. ‘Ritual and society’ discusses the theories of Emile Durkheim, Roy Rappaport, and Clifford Geetz and their ideas on ritual producing solidarity and effervescence and ritual's role in politics, power, and negotiation. In the 1970s, a sea change in ritual studies followed the work of Victor Turner and others who highlighted ritual's critical and creative potential. Public ritual is complex: rites can conserve, transmit, and protect tradition, but others are creatively, critically, strategically employed to enact change.

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Albert, Craig Douglas. Gender Issues in Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.189.

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Until recently, the role of women in nationalism and governance has received little scholarly attention, perhaps because men have historically exercised near exclusive control over nations and states. This is ironic because it is women who create the nation/state. The intersection between gender and nationalism can be broken down into three categories. The first category is women as biological reproducers of the nation. The second category includes women participating centrally in the ideological reproduction of the collectivity and as signifiers of ethnic/national differences. The third category involves the idea of gendered militaries and gendered wars. Women also affect the structure and power relations in the international arena as victims of various international crimes that have traditionally gone unnoticed because of the bias towards male dominance. One example is mass rape. National identity created through the construction of woman as nation allows women to be a target of war. The idea that women are symbols of national territory and identity makes targeting them a main tactic used by enemy groups. In the area of human rights, most conceptions stem from Western visions, which do not always mesh with local, tribal, or non-Western citizens. For women's rights truly to exist, human rights focus must change because it has been constructed with a male bias and understanding.

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Books on the topic 'Ideal victim'

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