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Journal articles on the topic 'Idealistic conception'
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1
Silva Jr, Almir Ferreira da. "Arte e Verdade: da imitação à apresentação da verdade em Platão e Hegel/Art and Truth: from mimesis to presentation of truth in Plato and Hegel." Pensando - Revista de Filosofia 3, no. 6 (2013): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/pensando.v3i6.986.
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A comunicação tem como propósito uma análise comparativa sobre o problema filosófico da arte como expressão de verdade, tendo em vista o idealismo platônico e o idealismo estético moderno de G.W.Hegel. Parte-se da hipótese que a presente análise sustenta uma relação paradoxal entre ambas propostas idealistas, na medida em que se em Platão é afirmada a tese da arte como distanciamento da verdade, considerando o seu caráter essencialmente mimético, em Hegel , a arte ao constituir-se como momento de realização efetiva (Wirklichkeit) do Espírito só pode ser assim compreendida a partir do paradigma da ideia, de inspiração platônica. Ressalta-se a compreensão da arte oriunda da teoria metafísica platônica e de sua concepção idealista de aisthesis, bem como o caráter científico da estética, segundo Hegel, cuja fundamentação filosófica reivindica a compreensão da ideia, enquanto razão absoluta que se autodesdobra historicamente e se efetiva nos limites da finitude sensível. Pretende-se mostrar que a pretensa superação hegeliana da concepção idealista platônica acerca da arte não pode prescindir do fundamento do platonismo - a idéia universal, o infinito. Abstract: The Communication aims a comparative analysis on the philosophical problem of the art as an expression of truth, considering the Platonic idealism and the modern esthetic idealism from Hegel. The starting point is the assumption that this analysis holds a paradoxical relationship between both idealistic proposals, Insofar as Plato affirms the art thesis as detachment from the truth, considering his character essentially mimetic, Hegel says that the art to establish itself as a moment of effective realization from the Spirit (Wirklichkeit) can only be understood from the paradigm of the idea, of Platonic inspiration. We emphasize the art understanding coming from the Platonic metaphysics theory and his idealistic conception of aisthesis, as well as the scientific character of aesthetics, according to Hegel, whose philosophical foundation claims the understanding of the idea, as absolute reason that self unfolds historically carries up within the limits of finitude sensitive. It is intended to show that the Hegelian overcoming supposed from Platonic idealist conception about the art can not prescind from foundation of Platonism - the universal idea, the infinity. Keywords: Plato, Hegel, Idea, art, truth,idealism
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Sytnik-Czetwertyński, Janusz. "Concept of Personal Identity." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 10 (2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.10.009.
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Leibniz's concept of monads had of great importance for the development of the idealistic conception. Through Kant and his "Physical Monadology" she infiltrated into modern German philosophy. However, not only modern idealists referred to the concept of monads. Especially, that many scientific disciplines, which emanated from philosophy, related to the scope of idealistic notions, for example: psychology or sociology. German psychology and its creators have many often referred to monads theory. Freud, Fromm and Jung presented even their own point of views on this topic. Later theories, such as Lowe's theory, also refer to the concept of monads. These relations and the historical connections between monad theory and modern German psycho-philosophy are shown in this work.
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Yovanovich, Tamara G. "PHILOSOPHIC CONCEPTIONS OF BEAUTY IN ANCIENT AESTHETICS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, no. 1 (2023): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-1-205-218.
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The research work is devoted to the examination of the definition of beauty in ancient philosophers’ worldview conceptions such as Aristotle, Platon, Pythagoras and Stoics. The author studied the basis development of philosophic ideas in the period of the ancient philosophy applied to idealistic conception of world understanding the definition of beauty.
 Materials for research are based on works of ancient philosophers and scientific publications on the topic of research as well.
 The method of research is a comparative analysis that allows synthesizing theoretical and conceptual basis of definitions; the interpreting method of scientific and fiction philosophy works; synthesis method and analogy of receiving data for systematization and definition patterns of world view ancient philosophers positions’ conceptual basis.
 Results. The definition of beauty is examined consequently with words “soul”, “body”, “good’, so, it is morally oriented in the ancient philosophers’ work. It is used with strong relationship with idea about beauty in surrounding material and spiritual world. The conception of beauty was analyzed and generalized in the ancient philosophers’ treatises and arguments. The author evaluated aesthetics aspect of the idealistic conception of beauty.
 The period under consideration characterized by rising and formation of anthropological aesthetics replaced cosmological theory and made a great impact on the definition of beauty in nature and art. The author examined idealistic and subjective approach to the definition of beauty. The conclusion is that ancient philosophers enrich the definition of beauty in art and nature, focusing their statements on subjective side of the relationship between a person and surrounding world. The article presents the analysis and interpretation of Aristotle, Plato’s philosophical writings, defined idealistic concepts’ basis of beauty in ancient philosophy.
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Barry, Laurence. "Insurance, Big Data and Changing Conceptions of Fairness." European Journal of Sociology 61, no. 2 (2020): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975620000089.
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AbstractThis paper aims to show how insurance mechanisms that historically propelled a conception of fairness based on solidarity and a collective approach shifted along the 20th century towards an idealistic adjustment to individual risk. Insurance originally assumed that, while individual hazards remained unknown, risk could be measured and managed on the aggregate. An examination of the proceedings of the American Casualty Actuarial Society (CAS) during the 20th century demonstrates the slow crystallization of another conception of fairness, that aims at a scientific adjustment of insurance premiums to actual “individual risks.” I argue that this conception of fairness deconstructs the one based on solidarity. Big data technologies have further radicalized this shift. By aiming at predictive individual risk scores rather than average costs estimated on the aggregate, the algorithms contribute to replacing fairness as solidarity by the correctness of a computation.
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Petersen, Nikolaj Pilgaard. "Non-Constitutive Cosmopsychism." Idealistic Studies 51, no. 1 (2021): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/idstudies2021429128.
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Due to the difficulties of providing an adequate physicalist solution to the problem of consciousness, recent years have seen explorations of different avenues. Among these is the thesis of cosmopsychism, the view that the cosmos as a whole possesses consciousness. However, constitutive cosmopsychism is faced with the difficult problem of decombination: how to consistently maintain the claim that individual subjects are grounded in one absolute consciousness. This paper suggests a solution by outlining a theoretical model of a broadly idealistic and quantitative substance-monistic character. The key idea here is a triadic rather than monistic or dualistic conception of the subject. This conception allows us to affirm that the individual subject exists while simultaneously holding that its substance component is part of the one, undivided substance. This substance is in turn the substantive component of an all-encompassing, absolute subject. Notably, this model avoids the problem of decombination.
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QUERO SÁNCHEZ, Andrés. "El hombre, «propiedad de Ia libertad»: la Metafísica de la libertad-del Maestro Eckhart." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 11 (January 1, 2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v11i.9219.
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Master Eckhart's metaphysics can be interpreted as a metaphysics of freedom. He doesn't understand freedom, however, as what comes about by fulfilment of the particulare being of man (esse proprium ), but as the contrary: What in a proper sense is the being of man (esse proprie), i.e. absolute being, comes about only insofar as man is not any more what he was as a creature. This is a conception which caracterizes any idealistic metaphysics, presenting essential analogies with post-Kantian systems and against which the bull In agro dominico (1329) reacted, mantaining a realistic metaphysical point of view.
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Gotz, Lyudmila. "Transhumanism in Synchrony and Diachrony of Culture: Conceptions, Typology and Periods." Issues in Cultural Studies, no. 39 (March 28, 2022): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1311.39.2022.256888.
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Transhumanistic intentions has been manifested in one form or another throughout the existence of humankind. However, the culture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries receives powerful scientific and technological means for the embodiment of transhumanist ideals in physical reality and the development of a new transhuman reality. Transhumanism acquires an independent ideological significance, necessitating a holistic and multifaceted cultural analysis of its issues. The purpose of the article is to form a concept of the transhumanism term, considering it in a broad cultural and historical context, in the synchrony and diachrony dimension of the cultural continuum. The study’s objectives include analysing key features of the main varieties of transhumanism, the creation of appropriate definitions, typology and periods, and the analysis of the main trends in the development of transhumanism. The author’s complex solution to the above-listed problems includes the scientific novelty of this work. The research methodology in cultural studies is based on historical and cultural, 20 Гоц, Л.С. Трансгуманізм у синхронно-діахронному вимірі культури: концептуалізація, типологія і періодизація synchrony and diachrony, system, structural approaches and the following qualitative methods: conception and terminology analysis, typology and historical backgrounds, comparative, problem and chronological analysis. Conclusions. The conception of the transhumanism term in the synchrony and diachrony dimension of culture has made it possible to create a holistic typology and historical background of transhumanism and develop appropriate definitions. The author’s typology of transhumanism by type of worldview is given in the chronological and logical order of their emergence: 1) sacral transhumanism (idealistic), i.e. mythological, magical, religious and idealistic philosophical transhumanism; 2) secular (materialistic) transhumanism, i.e. materialistic philosophical, scientific and technological transhumanism; artistic transhumanism exists during all human history — first as sacral, then as secular. These types of transhumanism often form hybrid forms and coexist in time in parallel. The steady tendency of the evolution of transhumanism from the ideal to the material is explained in the study.
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LAVRYNENKO, Oleksandr. "A Study of the Cognitive Synesthetic Mechanism as a Supplement to the Sound Imitation Theory of Lingual Genesis." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 1, no. 2 (2014): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3233706.
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<strong>Abstract. </strong>In this article, an analytical view of the general theories of language genesis is presented. The evolutional, idealistic and cognitive approaches to the exploration of language origins are described in the theoretical part. At the end of this part the author explains the meaning and origin of the term "synesthesia" and demonstrates the foundation of its practical reasonability. In the practical part of work an empirical study of the phenomenon of synesthesia is carried out, based on literary Ukrainian-language material. The phenomenon referred to is considered to have been one of the sources of the creation of new words during the development of civilization. It is ascertained that synesthesia is a genuine phenomenon which, in the author’s opinion, is able to reinforce the sound imitation theory of language genesis, along with the concept of memes.
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Wandschneider, Dieter. "From the Separateness of Space to the Ideality of Sensation. Thoughts on the Possibilities of Actualizing Hegel's Philosophy of Nature." Hegel Bulletin 21, no. 1-2 (2000): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200007412.
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AbstractThe Cartesian concept of nature, which has determined modem thinking until the present time, has become obsolete. It shall be shown that Hegel's objective-idealistic conception of nature discloses, in comparison to that of Descartes, new perspectives for the comprehension of nature and that this, in turn, results in possibilities of actualizing Hegel's philosophy of nature.If the argumentation concerning philosophy of nature is intended to catch up with the concrete Being-of-nature and to meet it in its concretion, then this is impossible for the finite spirit in a strictly a priori sense — this is the thesis supported here which is not at all close to Hegel. As the argumentation rather has to consider the conditions of realization concerning the Being-of-nature, too, it is compelled to take up empirical elements — concerning the organism, for instance, system-theoretical aspects, physical and chemical features of the nervous system, etc. With that, on the one hand, empirical-scientific premises are assumed (e.g. the lawlikeness of nature), which on the other hand become (now close to Hegel) possibly able to be founded in the frame of a Hegelian-idealistic conception. In this sense, a double strategy of empirical-scientific concretization and objective-idealistic foundation is followed up, which represents the methodical basic principle of the developed considerations.In the course of the undertaking, the main aspects of the whole Hegelian design concerning the philosophy of nature are considered — space and time, mass and motion, force and law of nature, the organism, the problem of evolution, psychic being — as well as Hegel's basic thesis concerning the philosophy of nature, that therein a tendency towards coherence and idealization manifests itself in the sense of a (categorically) gradually rising succession of nature: from the separateness of space to the ideality of sensation. In the sense of the double strategy of concretization and foundation it is shown that on the one hand possibilities of philosophical penetration concerning actual empirical-scientific results are opened, and on the other hand — in tum — a re-interpretation of Hegel's theorem on the basis of physical, evolution-theoretical and system-theoretical argumentation also becomes possible. In this mutual crossing-over and elucidation of empirical and Hegelian argumentation not only do perspectives of a new comprehension of nature become visible, but also, at the same time — as an essential consequence of this methodical principle — thoughts on the possibilities of actualizing Hegel's philosophy of nature.
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Åkerström, Ulla. "Collective Motherliness in Italy. Reception and Reformulation of Ellen Key’s feminist ideas in Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri (1905-1921)." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1389.
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This paper aims to explore how the Swedish writer Ellen Key’s ideas on collective motherliness and on the relationship between man and woman were received and reformulated in the articles, poetry and prose of Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri before and after the First World War. The ideas in Aleramo’s autobiographical novel Una donna (1906) were close to Key’s theories, but her autobiographical novel Il passaggio (1919) was quite different. Ada Negri’s idealistic view of motherhood, as expressed in her collection of poetry Maternità (1904), corresponded to parts of Key’s conception of motherhood, while Negri’s dream of single motherhood and the realisation of that ideal is emphasized in her autobiographical novel Stella mattutina (1921).
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Caprioli, Efraim, Flavia Carrijo Nunes, and Henrique Lacerda Nieddermeyer. "Democracy and freedom in Robert A. Dahl: democratic principles and the minimum model of democracy." Caderno Pedagógico 21, no. 2 (2024): e2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n2-034.
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Robert A. Dahl is one of the most important American thinkers of the 20th century, having written about democracy and political science in a troubled era in the post-World War II era. The author brings in his writings definitions of the concept of modern democracy and institutes a new way of conceiving this form of government, which he describes as "polyarchy". The author is highly critical of theorists of idealistic societies and is quite sensible in his analyzes free of ideological tendencies. The present work aims to describe how Dahl thinks about democracy, describe his democratic conception of "polyarchy" and critically compare Dahl's thinking with some contemporary liberal ideas, in order to explore the understanding of the relations between liberalism and democracy.
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Gajic, Aleksandar. "Тhe impact of Werner Sombart`s Merchants and Heroes on the conception of geopolitical dualism of tellurocracy and thalassocracy". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, № 171 (2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971423g.
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This paper examines the connection between the war pamphlet ?Merchants and Heroes? (1915) of Werner Sombart, one of the greatest European sociologists of the 20th century, and geopolitical theories about the conflict between land and sea powers. Although Sombart?s pamphlet emphasizes the spiritual-moral and cultural-sociological dualism between Germany and England in the First World War, where the first represents the characteristics of heroes and idealists and the other of merchants and opportunists, the paper shows that this conflict was primarily a war for the territories - a geopolitical conflict, and, only secondary, a cultural-normative conflict. Historical anal?ysis shows that German geostrategic actions before the Great War (in their colonial policy) and during the Great War were not in opposition, but very similar to Great Britain`s policies. Therefore, it can be assumed that the war between Germany and Great Britain 435 broke out because of the rivalries based on their similarities, both in actions and pretensions. Moreover, Wilhelmine Germany was almost copying Britain?s colonial expansion, so it became the greatest threat to Great Britain`s geostrategic interest. Further, the research established the links between the views of Sombart and Karl Schmitt and, later, with the oversized opposition between land and sea powers as ?the second law of geopolitics? in the views of some geopolitical thinkers during the 20th century. The paper shows that the sources of both views are the same and that they lie in the German romantic-idealistic youth subculture movements at the turn of the 20th century adopted in academic circles before the Great War, primarily in the philosophy of Kurt Hiller and sociology of George Simmel, from which they were accepted by Werner Sombart.
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Chaeratunnisa, Elsa, Fitria Sari, and Sholeh Hidayat. "Konsepsi Filsafat Idealisme Dalam Penerapan Pembelajaran Di Sekolah Dasar." Literasi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 15, no. 1 (2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2024.15(1).27-38.
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<p><em>This research discusses the conception of the philosophy of idealism and its implementation in the context of learning in elementary schools. The philosophy of idealism includes the view that world reality is formed by ideas and thoughts, placing emphasis on spiritual values and abstract concepts. The main aim of this research is to understand how the philosophical conception of idealism is reflected in learning strategies and methods in the elementary school environment. The research method used is literature study and content analysis to explore the concept of idealism in elementary school learning. The research results show that the idealistic conception is reflected in a learning approach that emphasizes the development of moral values, creativity, and understanding abstract concepts. Teachers in elementary schools are expected to be facilitators in encouraging students' critical and reflective thinking and guiding them towards a deeper understanding of life values. Apart from that, this research also highlights the challenges and opportunities in applying the concept of idealism in learning in elementary schools. This challenge involves integrating abstract concepts into a curriculum that sometimes focuses on purely cognitive aspects. However, the opportunities involve the potential to create learning environments that support students' spiritual and moral development. This research contributes to further understanding of the implementation of the philosophical conception of idealism in the context of basic education, with the hope of providing useful guidance for the development of more holistic and value-oriented learning strategies.</em><em>.</em></p>
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Grishin, Kirill S. "PRE-WAR AND POST-WAR CONCEPTIONS OF LAW IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF GUSTAV RADBRUCH." Lomonosov Law Journal 65, no. 2, 2024 (2024): 68–86. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0113-11-65-2-4.
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The paper compares the relativistic and absolutist-idealistic philosophical and legal concepts of the outstanding German jurist G. Radbruch with each other. Starting as a relativist (although admitting the methodological «skeleton» of law in the person of three basic principles: justice, stability and expediency), G. Radbruch ends by rejecting comprehensive relativism and recognizing methodological justice as a property that distinguishes legal categories from non-legal ones. The post-war, absolute-idealist conception loses signi cantly in the detailing of its main provisions and contains internal contradictions. Contrary to G. Radbruch’s aspiration to give law an a priori substantive beginning, this approach is again reduced to relativism of the purpose of law. The natural-law principles proved by practice can later be disproved by it. Despite the crude nature of the theory, the late G. Radbruch’s rejection of the position that the form of law inevitably testi es to the legal character of a phenomenon had a signi cant impact on the development of the philosophy of law in Western Europe and the English-speaking world. The increased interest to it is generated both by the un nished character of the theory (which creates a fruitful eld for further work for other theorists of various directions) and by deep analysis of fundamental problems of law, to the study of which G. Radbruch devoted his life. The relevance of the work is due to the continuing need to develop a methodology for understanding legal phenomena, unresolved problems of auditing malicious legislation and ensuring the observance of objectivity in conducting international tribunals
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Sudakov, K. V. "THE INFORMATIVE MECHANISMS OF SYSTEMIC ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHIC ACTIVITY." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 67, no. 8 (2012): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v67i8.350.
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In this review on the basis of functional systems theory developed by P. Anokhin theoretical approaches to informative mechanisms of systemic organization of psychic activity are presented. Author formulates the conception on discrete system quantums of psychic and behavioral activity from needs to its satisfaction and develops its informative equivalents. It was shown that informative equivalents of needs and its satisfaction are reflected in structures of action acceptors in the form of dynamic informative images. On the basis of acceptors of results of action informative systemic quantums are developed which constantly control its manifestation in behavioral systemic quantums. Informative systemic quantums are extracted in advance by predominate motivations and are associated with negative emotions of needs and positive emotions of their satisfaction. The content of this review confirms I.P. Pavlov’s foresight on possible confluence of material and idealistic processes in psychic human activity.
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Houwen, Andrew. "Thinking by Images: Kamo no Chōmei's Hōjōki and Basil Bunting's Chomei at Toyama." Translation and Literature 25, no. 3 (2016): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2016.0263.
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Basil Bunting's Chomei at Toyama, a poetic adaptation of Kamo no Chōmei's thirteenth-century prose text Hōjōki (‘Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut’), has been positively received by such diverse figures as Hugh Kenner, Lorine Niedecker, and Philip Larkin. Bunting's version pivots on Chōmei's apparent scepticism towards the Buddhism he adopted when living in the hut. Previous critics have considered this depiction of Chōmei's scepticism to be in keeping with the original text. But, by comparing Bunting's version with Chōmei's Japanese, this discussion reveals fundamental difference between them. Bunting's interpretation is rooted in his own rejection of ‘idealistic’ philosophies in favour of an embrace of the world apprehended through the senses. His alterations, making Hōjōki more Poundian, derive from this aesthetic position. Bunting was influenced in this regard by his reading of Ezra Pound's conception of the Japanese as ‘thinking by images’ rather than ‘ideas’.
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Butter, Michael. "“Trust no one”: Narrative Complexity and Character Opacity in Damages." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 67, no. 2 (2019): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2019-0013.
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Abstract This article analyzes the first season of Damages (2007) as an early example of the representation of ‘difficult’ women on television. More specifically, I investigate the relationship between the show’s character conception and its complex narration. I argue that all the major male and female characters on the show are ‘difficult’ in the sense that the audience experiences close alignment but troubled allegiance to them. However, the two female protagonists – top-notch lawyer Patty Hewes and her young and initially idealistic associate Ellen Parsons – are also opaque characters about whose thoughts and plans the audience is largely left in the dark. This opacity is mirrored and enhanced by the narration, which constantly teases the audience by withholding information about the plot, suggests inferences that then turn out to be wrong, and generally provides far more insight into the male characters than into the female characters.
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Turchetto, Maria. "Althusser and Monod: A 'New Alliance'?" Historical Materialism 17, no. 3 (2009): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920609x436126.
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AbstractAlthusser dedicated the fourth lesson of his 'course of philosophy for scientists' at the Ecole Normale Supériere in the autumn of the 1967 to the inaugural lecture held by Jacques Monod at the Collège de France on 3 November in the same year. Althusser defined the concepts of 'living system' and of 'emergence' that Monod uses in his interpretation of evolution as 'materialist'; whereas he judged his conception of human history as the evolution of ideas in the 'noosphere' as 'idealistic'. Against the latter, Althusser counterposed a reading of Marx's work centred on the notion of 'structure' – which is very close to that of 'system' used within biology – and on the refusal of teleology and finalism. This last position, which Althusser takes up particularly in the writings of the 1980s on the 'materialism of the encounter', represent a particularly significant break with orthodox Marxism.
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Bovan, Saša. "Creative jurisprudence of Miodrag D. Tucaković." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 6, no. 1 (2024): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2401077b.
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This paper discusses the legal-hermeneutic ideas of M. Tucaković, one of the youngest and most talented authors in the field of legal theory between the two world wars. The basic hypothesis of this paper branches in two directions. Firstly, we were interested in which theoretical orientation in the theory of legal interpretation M. Tucaković adheres to. Secondly, we were interested in whether there are elements of a sociological approach to this issue in his legal-hermeneutic ideas. Regarding the first task, it can be said that the conception of legal reasoning of this author belongs to the idealistic variant of objective theory (leaning towards objective law as a hermeneutic instrument). Regarding the second hypothesis, we concluded that if his academic career had not been interrupted, M. Tucaković would most likely have evolved towards a realistic (pragmatic), and then towards a sociological school of legal interpretation, considering his great respect for advocates of this theory in our country (B. Marković, Ž. Spasojević), and considering how he elaborates this conception in detail, further, considering his effort to precisely and comprehensively expound the theoretical sources and essence of sociological theory of legal interpretation. Finally, evidence in this direction is also that M. Tucaković points out the importance of the minor premise of juristic conclusion, as well as his inclination and need to substantiate his ideas and conclusions with examples from legal practice.
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Omatowski, Cezar M. "“I Leapt over the Wall and They Made Me President”: Historical Context, Rhetorical Agency and the Amazing Career Of Lech Walesa." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 8, no. 1 (2005): 155–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.8.1.0155.
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Abstract The rise of Lech Walesa from shipyard electrician to leader of “Solidarity,” international icon of freedom, and first president of democratic Poland was closely bound up with rhetoric. Walesa's idiosyncratic verbal style galvanized the masses and successfully confronted communist propaganda. The revolution of the workers on the Baltic coast was to a large extent a revolution in language. Walesa was also a skilled negotiator. As president, however, he was a controversial figure; his conception of democracy as a continuing war of words is widely credited with spelling the end of the idealistic “Solidarity” era. Today, allegations remain that Walesa was an agent provocateur and that the Polish revolution may have been a provocation that got out of hand. Some allege that Walesa's myth was a creation of Western media, a function of people's desires, and an accident of the historical moment. While there is no proof that any of these allegations are true and the documentary record reveals Walesa's undeniable rhetorical prowess and political talent, his case provides material for reflection on the relationship between history, rhetoric, and political agency.
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Leite, Carolina. "Digital spectacle and its impact on architecture and the architectural image." Sophia Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-8976_2021-0006_0001_4.
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We live in a world of digital excess, and architecture is a part of this: on the one hand, abundant and instantaneously available references, and on the other, a medium that takes an enormous amount of time to be finalized. As some argue that architecture is too slow for the digital revolution1, the recent resurrection of the collage appeared as a viable strategy to critically reclaim architecture’s place: one that, unlike simulations of binary realities, was to be a raw and ambiguous like an “open project” even if computer-simulated. Due to its success, however, the collage has been taken over by the market for its “arresting novelty”. As a commodity, it compensates for architecture’s slow pace: faster to produce and consume, less related to the disciplinary process of the conception, more evocative, and less ideological. To some, the “collage era” represents the return of a more prosperous, stronger profession2, as others claim they are blank postcards of a post-idealistic age, one where built quality rarely holds up.(...)
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Laberge, Suzanne, and Yvan Girardin. "Questioning the Inference of Ethnic Differences in Achievement Values from Types of Sport Participation: A Commentary on White and Curtis." Sociology of Sport Journal 9, no. 3 (1992): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.9.3.295.
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White and Curtis’ recent papers (Sociology of Sport Journal, 1990, 7, pp. 347-368; International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 1990, 25, pp. 125-141) claiming a difference between Canadian Anglophones and Francophones in achievement values are critiqued. Two particular concerns are at issue. The first bears on the relationship these authors make between competitive sport participation and competition/achievement values. On that score, attention is focused upon some epistemological and methodological inadequacies. It is further argued that a conservative ideological perspective is implied in the inferring of achievement values from competitive sport participation. The second point challenges the idealistic conception conveyed by the authors’ contention that “studies outside the domain of work, on people’s ‘voluntary’ orientations to leisure activities, may more clearly show language group differences in achievement values.” Instead, it is proposed that sport practices are determined by the given social structure in which social agents live and by its specific social history. It is contended that an hermeneutical approach would be a more adequate alternative to the cross-cultural study of values differences.
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Nägele, Horst. "Warum wir uns mit N.F.S Grundtvigs idealismus-kritischen Abhandlungen beschäftigen." Grundtvig-Studier 46, no. 1 (1995): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v46i1.16189.
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Warum wir uns mit N.F.S. Grundtvigsidealismus-kritischen Abhandlungen beschäftigenBy Horst NägeleHorst Nägele begins his article with the statement that circumstantial evidence suggests that the democratic credibility of the Federal Republic of Germany may be questioned. Nägele argues for this view by comparing social conventions in Scandinavia and Germany.He adduces historical material to support his theory of a cultural difference on this point. The criticism levelled by the poet Jens Baggesen at the High German language for its remoteness from reality, is dealt with first. Then follows a discussion of the similar criticism by Grundtvig of the idealistic German philosophy, which, according to Grundtvig, is linked up with the Imperialist inclinations of Germany. Hence Germany’s propensity to .litism which finds expression in the New High German literary language as well as in philosophy. In Grundtvig’s view, the connection between the litist, and therefore Imperialist, unitary culture of Germany and the idealistic philosophy manifests itself in the detachment from reality that is characteristic of Schelling’s philosophy. When Schelling talks about the I that embodies itself, it becomes the image of nothing perceiving itself, in contrast to an I attached to a body. Grundtvig also finds evidence of this German tendency towards a missing sense of reality in Schiller’s poetical works. On a close examination of Grundtvig’s writings, it will appear that Friedrich Schiller’s (quasi-idealistic) tragedies are as a whole seen to convey the notion of heroes being (lifeless) shadows, easily killed. For Schiller’s higher, moral human nature, determined by liberty, cannot conquer death; in Grundtvig’s view, only the spirit of history can do that. Grundtvig’s view of life contrasts, for instance, with Schiller’s drama Wallenstein, where the protagonist chooses of his own free will to submit to death and evil.After discussing Grundtvig’s interpretation of Schiller’s dramas, Nägele returns to Schelling’s philosophy as an example of a tendency in German idealism. As Grundtvig understood it, life depends on truth. Grundtvig attaches importance to immediate actuality (‘fundamental and ultimate reality’) as it is the prerequisite for the conception that the ideal is the cause of .all temporal reality.. Grundtvig’s attitude contrasts sharply with what he calls the delusive view of the German idealistic philosophers who despise the body and annihilate life in order to idolize an egocentric construct, with the disastrous consequence that life doesn’t count. Thus Schelling mixes good with evil, truth with falsehood, since the absolute ideal, reason perceiving itself, is given the highest priority, i.e. preceding reality. According to Grundtvig, what is ideal, what is possible, always depends on reality, on what is real. In Grundtvig’s view, truth can only be perceived by man in his life on earth in contradistinction to falsehood; therefore it is impossible to identify the divine perception of the eternal truth and the human recognition of truth.This is the main line of thought in Grundtvig’s criticism of Schelling’s philosophy. It is Nägele’s argument that this criticism is highly topical since it is reflected in the debate over morals today, in the endeavours to create dignified social conventions, and in the complex issue of the future character of the European community as either a union or a loose cooperative structure.
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Sholomova, Tatiana V. "THE AESTHETIC AND SENSUAL IN CULTURE: PAINTING EXPERIENCE AND WINE TASTING IN THE CONCEPTION OF CONNOISSEURSHIP OF MAX FRIEDLÄNDER." Научное мнение, no. 9 (September 25, 2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2023_9_54.
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The article compares the features of sensory and aesthetic perception using the example of wine tasting and expert judgment about the authorship of a work of art from the standpoint of the philosophy of culture. The comparison belongs to the German art historian and theorist of knowledge M. Friedländer (1867–1958). This comparison might seem more conventionally artistic than able to really explain the specifics of aesthetic perception or reasons for the convergence of such cultural phenomena as wine tasting and artistic style, since taste is the most unreliable and most dependent of our senses, in contrast to vision. But the Belgian art theorist T. Lenain shows how a change in the understanding of a work of art (from a normative idealistic approach to a historicist one), firstly, changes our perception of art (which is now understood as a set of imprinted traces – from the cultural characteristics of the era in which the work was created, to the characteristics of the personality of the artist). Secondly, if a work of art grows as a fruit of a certain style and a certain person, then when we perceive it, we see all the features, all manifestations of this style, and we can judge the authorship – just like a true wine specialist will determine its pedigree in just one sip, true connoisseurs are able to recognise the master’s hand at a glance. Thus, the seemingly exotic comparison of the perception of art with the perception of wine becomes quite justified.
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Oakes, T. S. "The Cultural Space of Modernity: Ethnic Tourism and Place Identity in China." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 1 (1993): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110047.
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In this paper, the relationship between the political economy of tourism and ethnic cultural revival in southwest China is explored. It is suggested that cultural revival is a process of ‘place creation’ whereby identities may be consciously localized as a strategy for engaging structures of political economy which link local actors with broader geographical frameworks and more distant sources of power. Approaching the intersections between tourism and local cultural construction in this way reveals the inadequacy of Marxist analysis in theorizing the spatial relationship between political economy and culture. The theoretical argument has several prongs: (1) the local does not exist as an oppositional reality to the global, but rather constitutes a dynamic cultural negotiation with the changing structures of political economy, a negotiation in which dominant structures are mediated by individual agency; (2) ‘modernization’ is thus as much cultural as it is economic; (3) the traditional ‘space of places’, which a modern ‘space of flows' supposedly supersedes, is an idealistic construct of the past, based on a static conception of culture kept separate from a dynamic conception of economics; (4) historical materialism perpetuates this idealism in its preoccupation with the economic power of capital, relegating the cultural to a ‘response’. Last, the above approach makes it necessary to question the assumption that the ‘confused identities' of postmodernity arc the result of global capitalism's ‘annihilation of space through time’. Rather, a highlight upon the contentious nature of ‘place creation’ within broader systems of power suggests that identity has never been neatly provided by a naturally bounded place, but has always been negotiated within a complex and often confusing mesh of interaction across multiple geographic scales.
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GONZÁLEZ, ANTONIO. "THE EMERGENCE OF REALITY: ZUBIRI BEFORE MEETING HEIDEGGER." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 12, no. 2 (2023): 302–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2023-12-2-302-326.
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It is common to assume of an “objectivist” stage of Zubiri, prior to his meeting with Heidegger in Freiburg. However, if we analyze Zubiri’s philosophy before his stay in Freiburg, we already find a “metaphysical” orientation, and not merely an objectivist one. This orientation is intrinsically related to the early appearance of the notion of “reality” in his courses. The appearance of his concept of reality is at least partially motivated by Zubiri’s early reading of Heidegger’s habilitation thesis on Duns Scotus. Zubiri discovered in Heidegger the possibility of trying to carry out a phenomenological characterization of reality, which took him beyond the conception, basically idealistic, of being as a “position” or as a “belief.” With Heidegger, Zubiri was able to sustain that reality is not something extra animam. However, Zubiri could not follow Heidegger in his conceptualization of reality based on human existence, and with this he began his own path in philosophy. A path that, in a certain sense, breaks with all phenomenology, because reality is located at a moment prior to the meaning of things for a subject or for a human existent. And yet, a path that continues the phenomenological claim of a descriptive fidelity to the things themselves.
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Sytnik-Czetwertyński, Janusz. "The Concept of Personal Identity: Freud, Jung, Jaspers and Lowe." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 10 (2021): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.10.009.
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<strong>Sytnik-Czetwertyński</strong> <strong>Janusz</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>The Concept of Personal Identity:</strong> <strong>Freud, Jung, Jaspers and Lowe</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Jou</strong><strong>rnal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>102-115</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>09</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>09</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/5579317</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2021;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>07</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2021. Revised: </strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2021. Accepted: </strong><strong>19</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2021.</strong> <strong>The Concept of Personal Identity</strong><strong>:</strong> <strong>Freud, Jung, Jaspers and Lowe</strong> <strong>Janusz Sytnik-Czetwertyński</strong> Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego w Warszawie <strong>Abstract</strong> Leibniz's concept of monads had of great importance for the development of the idealistic conception. Through Kant and his "Physical Monadology" she infiltrated into modern German philosophy. However, not only modern idealists referred to the concept of monads. Especially, that many scientific disciplines, which emanated from philosophy, related to the scope of idealistic notions, for example: psychology or sociology. German psychology and its creators have many often referred to monads theory. Freud, Fromm and Jung presented even their own point of views on this topic. Later theories, such as Lowe's theory, also refer to the concept of monads. These relations and the historical connections between monad theory and modern German psycho-philosophy are shown in this work. <strong>Key words:</strong> <strong>unity, atom, personal identity, being, consciousness, center of attention, i</strong><strong>ndividual subconscious.</strong>
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Mikhailov, Igor F. "Social computations and the origin of moral norms." Philosophy Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-51-68.
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The author proposes a conception in which society and a person are understood as a nested computing system of a multi-agent architecture. The ‘Computational’ as a concept extends beyond the Turing machine and is considered as the ability to compute and predict statistical distributions that best match the characteristics of the external environment to achieve the optimal value of an assumed control variable. Society induces the rules of behavior in agents similarly to the way by which a magnetic field induces a current in a moving conductor. Induction is carried out by selecting the patterns of behavior empirically derived by individuals and certifying the patterns that are most useful for achieving the target indicators of the system. Certified rules are perceived by individuals as, on the one hand, immanent to them, and on the other, as generally allowing for their violation, since both individual agents and the whole society are statistical machines. The objective probability of non-compliance with a rule is perceived as moral freedom, and hormonal reinforcement of adherence to the general rule is perceived as a sense of moral duty. The computational approach to morality overcomes the inductivism of naturalistic and utilitarian theories, and at the same time scientifically explains the ‘transcendentality’ of moral law, without resorting to idealistic metaphysics, as does Kantian deontism.
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Kreide, Regina. "Digital spaces, public places and communicative power." Philosophy & Social Criticism 42, no. 4-5 (2016): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453715623831.
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The deliberative model of politics has recently been criticized for not being very well equipped to conceptualize current developments such as the misinterpretation of political difference, the digital turn, and public protests. A first critique is that this model assumes a conception of public spheres that is too idealistic. A second objection is that it misconceives the relationship between empirical reality and normativity. Third, it is assumed that deliberative democracy offers an antiquated notion of a shared ‘we’ of political actors and because of this, fourth, fails to take into consideration the ‘digital turn’, in particular the de-personalizing effects of social media that have led to a rapid decline of the public sphere. And a fifth critique states that the deliberative model ignores the fact that politics is not, and especially protests and revolutions are not, seminar-like debates but spontaneous, chaotic and sometimes violent expressions. I will argue that all of these critiques fall short in a variety of ways. A deliberative model of politics allows us to address the tension between the ideal and the real, the ‘old media’ and the so-called digitalization of public spheres as well as peaceful discourse and violent uprisings. Especially the concept of communicative power, a notion also used by Hannah Arendt and Jürgen Habermas, reveals the potentials for future participation in digital spaces and public places.
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Jurgutienė, Aušra. "Vandos Zaborskaitės intelektualinės biografijos bandymas: formuojant literatūrologinius pagrindus." Lietuvos kultūros tyrimai 3 (2012): 29–47. https://doi.org/10.53630/lkt.2012_2.2.
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One of the most influential approaches to literary methodologies worked out by Zaborskaitė in the Soviet period made solid foundations for our contemporary fiction understanding. The aim of the article is to consider and assess the part of works dedicated to literary methodology by Vanda Zaborskaitė. That part consists of three books – The Art of Poem, Introduction to Literary Science and preparation of the anthology Poetics and Literary Aesthetics. Opposing to the official vulgar sociologization of lite rature she followed the humanistic hermeneutical literary tradition taken from Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas which stresses the psychological significance of art impact (Erlebnis) in human life and continues the pan-aesthetical art conception created by idealistic aesthetics. The inherited tradition of genetic, historical and aesthetic research of fiction was enriched by interpretation art, phenomenology and formalism approaches. Zaborskaitė maintained rather pluralistic but in a way clearly defined attitude to literature allowing to combine historicity with logics, genetic criticism with interpretational immanent. Her reading goal was to perceive the individuality of a literary work which is not only motivated by description of its artistic structure integrity but limited and concretized by investigations of its author‘s outlook. By introducing and rationalizing the practice of interpretation of a separate literary work she, in the same way as Staiger, pursued aesthetic and rhetoric suggestions of criticism.
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Gardner, Sebastian. "Kant's Third Critique: The Project of Unification." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 78 (July 2016): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246116000254.
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AbstractThis paper offers a synoptic view of Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgement and its reception by the German Idealists. I begin by sketching Kant's conception of how its several parts fit together, and emphasize the way in which the specifically moral motivation of Kant's project of unification of Freedom and Nature distances it from our contemporary philosophical concerns. For the German Idealists, by contrast, the CPJ's conception of the opposition of Freedom and Nature as defining the overarching task of philosophy provides a warrant and basis for bold speculative programmes. The German Idealist development therefore presupposes Kant's failure in the CPJ to resolve the problem of the relation of Freedom and Nature. What is fundamentally at issue in the argument between Kant and his successors is the question of the correct conception of philosophical systematicity and in this context I reconstruct Kant's defence of his claim to philosophical finality.
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Hall, Edward. "How to do realistic political theory (and why you might want to)." European Journal of Political Theory 16, no. 3 (2015): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885115577820.
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In recent years, a number of realist thinkers have charged much contemporary political theory with being idealistic and moralistic. While the basic features of the realist counter-movement are reasonably well understood, realism is still considered a critical, primarily negative creed which fails to offer a positive, alternative way of thinking normatively about politics. Aiming to counteract this general perception, in this article I draw on Bernard Williams’s claims about how to construct a politically coherent conception of liberty from the non-political value of freedom. I do this because Williams’s argument provides an illuminating example of the distinctive nature of realist political thinking and its attractions. I argue that Williams’s account of realist political thinking challenges the orthodox moralist claim that normative political arguments must be guided by an ideal ethical theory. I then spell out the repercussions Williams’s claims about the significance of political opposition and non-moralised accounts of motivation have for our understanding of the role and purpose of political theory. I conclude by defending the realist claim that action-guiding political theory should accordingly take certain features of our politics as given, most centrally the reality of political opposition and the passions and experiences that motivate them. On this reading political realism offers a viable way of thinking about political values which cannot be understood in terms of the categories of intellectual separation – ideal/nonideal or fact-insensitive/fact-sensitive – that have marked political theory in recent years.
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Malyshev, Artem. "Dogmatic aspects of the Christologies of Kant and St Innocent (Borisov)." SHS Web of Conferences 161 (2023): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316103003.
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In his momentous writing Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason, Kant attempted to conduct a complete rational-idealistic interpretation of traditional dogmatic Christology. The Son of God was represented by Kant as an idea of the good principle mystically existing in the human soul, and the Incarnation of the Son of God as a descent of the good principle into evil human nature. Therefore the Lord Jesus Christ, according to Kant’s representation, should be merely a simple man (an example for human beings) who realised the good principle in his life, becoming a model for us to copy and a proof that we also can realise this principle – having Christ as an example, though on our own, independently, i.e. without having any special ontological relation with Him, and without any other external factors having impact on us. St Innocent (Borisov) was the first thinker in the whole tradition of Russian theology who seriously dealt with the theological opinions of Kant, especially with his rational Christology. St Innocent did not neglect the meaning of Kant’s Christological views, but attempted, firstly, to incorporate their positive roots into traditional Christology and, secondly, to respond to Kant’s “challenge”, i.e. his notion that the doctrine of Christ’s native holiness is not compatible with the view of Him as an example and ideal. The Russian theologian stated that Christ is the Ideal and God Himself. To respond to Kant, he formulated the conception of the gradual manifestation of divinity in Christ.
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Nieborak, Tomasz. "Zakaz missellingu jako przykład zastosowania behawioralnej koncepcji prawa?" Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 3(19) (December 4, 2019): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2017.3.19.2.
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This article concerns the institution of misselling introduced recently to the Polish legal system. Misselling has been commonly defi ned as dishonest sale. Currently, the solution adopted by the Polish legislator applies only to fi nancial services provided by fi nancial institutions to consumers. This regulation is not extensive but it has already stirred a lively debate among the representatives of legal practice and doctrine. This article is a voice in the discussion and its purpose is to identify the public law aspect of the solutions adopted and propose certain actions to be taken at the level of the regulated and the regulating entities and which would account among other things for the new, behavioural way of perceiving a consumer as an informed subject even if not always rational. The need for the evolution of the paradigm of a rational consumer, which is a challenge for the contemporary legislator, has been dictated by the experience gained so far as well as by the changing reality. The market today off ers a range of new fi nancial instruments which while being innovative very frequently carry extreme risk. The intensive and sometimes intrusive advertising of these instruments off ered to ”rational consumers” uses diff erent persuasive marketing techniques and may in eff ect result in a potential loss of stability and security of the fi nancial market. Therefore while implementing the stabilisation narrative promoted within the European Union, legislative bodies in Member States adopt solutions like misselling which are intended to reduce at least partly the risk of another crisis in the fi nancial sector. Its sources go back to the conception of homo oeconomicus, that is a rational consumer who based on the information provided is capable of making a rational decision that is best for him. However, as experience and history show, this attitude is too idealistic and needs being redefi ned. Developing an optimal conception of an informed consumer requires an interdisciplinary approach which apart from the legal and economic elements will take into account the experiences of other branches of science, such as sociology or psychology as well.
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Lagerspetz, Olli. "The Linguistic Idealism Question: Wittgenstein’s Method and his Rejection of Realism." Wittgenstein-Studien 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2021-0003.
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Abstract After the publication of Wittgenstein’s posthumous work the question was raised whether that work involved idealist tendencies. The debate also engaged Wittgenstein’s immediate students. Resistance to presumed idealist positions had been ideologically central to G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell and other representatives of realism and early analytic philosophy. While Wittgenstein disagreed with them in key respects, he accepted their tendentious definition of ‘idealism’ at face value and bequeathed it to his students. The greatest flaw in the Realists’ view on idealism was their assumption of symmetry between realist and idealist approaches. For Realists, the chief task of philosophy was to establish what kinds of thing exist, and they took Idealists to offer an alternative account of that. However, the Idealists’ guiding concern was rather to investigate the subjective conditions of knowledge. In this respect, Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophical method was closer to theirs than to that of the Realists. This is especially obvious in his rejection of Moore’s idea of immediate knowledge. Ultimately, the trouble with Wittgenstein was not that he endorsed any kind of idealist ontology. It was his refusal to deliver the expected realist ontological messages on the supposed question of whether reality is independent of language or otherwise.
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Gavaris, Peter. "The Horror of the Real: Filmic Form, The Century, and Fritz Lang's M." Dianoia: The Undergraduate Philosophy Journal of Boston College 6, no. 1 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/dupjbc.v6i1.11731.
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It is not surprising that film became the dominant art form of the twentieth century. The promise of a medium that could capture life in motion proved exciting, though soon after its conception, debates cropped up pitting the merits of realism against those of expressionism. Should a medium predicated on recording life adopt expressionistic sensibilities? Writing on the burgeoning cinema, Walter Benjamin seemed to imply that film carried with it a distinctly political responsibility to show life as it really is. In attempting to rethink this argument, I argue for the political potential of an expressionistic cinema, as understood by considering the theoretical underpinnings of Alain Badiou’s The Century (2008) when read in relation to Fritz Lang’s M (1931)—a film that embodies Badiou’s musings on the twentieth century’s aesthetic ideals and violent tendencies. Badiou writes that “the torment of contemporary art” is that it is situated at a crossroads between “romantic pathos, on the one hand, and a nihilistic iconoclasm” on the other: a knowing admission that the Real can never be truly represented, and an oppositional desire to convey it anyways. M knowingly exposes these aesthetic contradictions at the heart of the filmic medium by leaning into its own artificiality, and, in doing so, it prophetically exposes the thinking behind a growingly fascist German state in the 1930s. By the end of my paper, I arrive at the conclusion that the violence found in both twentieth century aesthetics and politics came about as the result of a similarly idealistic principle.
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Ferreyra, Sandra. "Objetos, cuerpos y memoria en el teatro argentino contemporáneo." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 23 (December 30, 2020): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.460991.
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En la década de 1990, el campo teatral argentino se encuentra determinado por la aparición de una heterogeneidad de formas agrupadas por la crítica bajo el título “Nuevo teatro argentino”. Estas formas evidencian la tensión entre una concepción idealista de la escena que había dominado el teatro independiente hasta la década de 1980 y una perspectiva materialista que se había ido desarrollando subrepticiamente en tensión con los modos en que la primera planteaba las relaciones de la escena con la historia, de los sujetos con los objetos, de las palabras con las cosas y, como correlato, en tensión con el modo en el que el teatro se pensaba a sí mismo como dispositivo de memoria.En ese contexto surge y se fortalece el Periférico de Objetos. Analizaré aquí la producción de este grupo entendiendo que entre las innovaciones que propone se encuentra la exploración, a partir del procedimiento de la manipulación, de objetos y cuerpos como dispositivos de memoria involuntaria. Con el objetivo de señalar que la productividad de la relación manipulación/memoria no se limita al teatro de objetos sino que se expande también a la producción dramatúrgica, analizo dos obras dramáticas que Daniel Veronese escribe en esa misma década, en paralelo a su actividad como integrante de este grupo. In the 1990s, Argentine theater field is determined by the emergence of a heterogeneity of forms grouped by critics under the title “New Argentine Theater.” These forms put in evidence the tension between an idealistic conception of the scene that had dominated independent theater until the 1980s and a materialist perspective that had developed surreptitiously in clear tension with the ways in which idealism conceive the relations between scene and history, subjects and objects, words and things but also in tension with the ways in which theater had thought itself as a memory device.In this context, El Periférico de Objetos arises and become stronger. I will analyze the production of this group, understanding that among the innovations it proposes from the manipulation procedure, is the exploration of objects and bodies as involuntary memory devices. With the aim of demonstrating that the productivity of the relationship between manipulation and memory is not limited to object theatre but also expands to dramaturgical production, I analyze two dramatic works that Daniel Veronese wrote in that same decade, in parallel to his activity as member of this group.
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Savchenko, Vjacheslav. "IDEAS OF KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE RECEPTION OF UKRAINIAN THOUGHT (IN THE STUDIES OF P. KOPNIN, V. SHINKARUK, M. BULATOV, A. SAVCHENKO)." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 14, no. 2 (2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.14.10.
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The article covers the experience of reconstruction of Kant's logical and methodological conception of the norms and rules of posing questions (problems, problems) in the natural sciences and in the sciences of the pure mind. His epistemological justification of the problem of scientific knowledge is noted. The main focus is on the substantiation of the reception of Kantian philosophy in the works of P. Kopnin, V. Shinkaruk, M. Bulatov, and A. Savchenko. The article is devoted to the study of Kant's philosophy at the Taras Shevchenko State University in the 80's of the XX century. The importance of Kant's philosophy in a professional university environment and its influence on the development of domestic philosophical thought are considered. In the first half of the XX century, the mainstream of national philosophy was the idealistic direction. Kant's place in the development of domestic philosophy, especially his ethical teaching, was decisive. Kantian freedom has in its content the spiritual components: philosophical, psychological, religious – and defines Kant's place in national philosophy in the 80's of the XX century. Thus, considering Kant's philosophy in its own self-worth and integrity, concreteness, as a value in itself (not ignorant, of course, is the fact that it is an integral part of German classical philosophy), not only legitimate, but necessary. Most of the works are devoted to various (separate, individual) problems of Kant's philosophical system, the classification of which is carried out on several grounds. As a rule, researchers proceed from the division of Kant's work into two periods – critical and critical. There is a tendency (still weak) of research at the methodological level of communication between the pre-critical and critical periods.
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Kultaieva, Maria. "Political Implications of Philosophical Pedagogy." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 24, no. 1 (2019): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2019-24-1-32-51.
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The article proposes the critical analyses of the P. Mehring conception of philosophical pedagogy founded on the German idealism and Humboldt’s philosophy of education. Transformations of the philosophical pedagogy are considering on the background of organizing changes in the education in the industrial and post-industrial contexts with regard to its meaning, logics and causes. The advantages of the interdisciplinary approach are proving on the problem field of the philosophical pedagogy in times of its rising and falls.The restoration of philosophical pedagogy of the early and developed industrialism is proposing with its idealistic and institutional paradigm (Humboldt-Hegel-Spranger) and the alternative one – the critical anti-institutionalism(Nietzsche -Adorno-Foucault), The heuristic metaphor of the invention of freedom shows on the political engagement of philosophical pedagogy what has both the negative and positive aspects. Some political pathologies of the state in the early post-industrial societies need pedagogical treating. That is why the revival perspective of philosophical pedagogy is inquiring. For this case some actual ideas of W. von Humboldt and its transformations are used to show the risks and dangerous of educational reforms in the post-industrial contexts.The Kantian and Hegelian transformations are researching with the aim to show different tendencies of the development of education in philosophical reflections of pedagogical issues with political consequences regarding as possible paradigmatic changes which can exist as complementary ones. The coherence of political and pedagogical ideas can exist in different constellations pursuing different purposes. The pedagogical construct of freedom as autonomy was often used in the political programs and political decisions, but the political reason is also an important factor for the transformations of contemporary educational systems and practices. The pedagogical construct of freedom foresees the autonomy of educational institutions and independency of individual which cal be lost by his transforming to a Wikipedia-citizen.
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Illingworth, Nicola. "The Internet Matters: Exploring the Use of the Internet as a Research Tool." Sociological Research Online 6, no. 2 (2001): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.600.
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The arrival of the virtual realm and computer mediated communication (CMC) continues to attract considerable interest from a wide range of disciplines. Hine (2000) has suggested that previously negative understandings of CMC have been transcended. The virtual realm is now welcomed as a site for richer and more sustained interaction than previously envisaged. For the research community, the rapid development of the World Wide Web has opened new horizons and provided access to a new frontier and tool for data collection. The researcher can now engage in research on a world-wide, low cost, almost instantaneous scale - and in ways which potentially overcome some of the barriers imposed by more conventional research approaches. However, this somewhat idealistic view obscures both methodological and ethical difficulties that have become apparent throughout this research. If these difficulties are left unchecked, they may serve to undermine the use of the Internet as a tool for social research. The primary aim of this paper is to expose these difficulties and thus broaden the scope of discourse surrounding the Internet. A secondary aim is to explore the implications of the use of the Internet for the feminist methodological and research project. My aim here is to problematise the transference of existing methodological frameworks to an online setting. In this respect, I have presented this paper in the form of a research trajectory, outlining the course of my research from its conception to latter stages. The intention here is to suggest an avoidance of the use of the Internet as an ‘easy option’ and encourage a more developed focus on the justification, applicability and benefits of Internet research to the particular project. What has become apparent is that the effectiveness of CMC is much dependent on who is being researched, what is being researched and why.
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Mtetwa, Archieford Kurauone. "“Small House! The Cross’s Religiously Modified Institution.” A Historical Cultural Materialist Approach to the Genesis, Growth and Development of Small Houses in Zimbabwe." Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, no. 3 (2022): p90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n3p90.
Full textAbstract:
The family is the most important basic social institution in any state since time immemorial. It is from this institution that clans, tribes and nations were born. It was the center of the means of production. Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, the family system tallies with the religious or the ideological system or vice versa. African Indigenous Religion (AIR) is a religious ideology anchored on communalism and it is anti-individualism in the same way the African family system operates. Through the historical cultural materialist approach this paper argues that the “empire” (imperial states) disrupted, dismembered and destroyed the pristine African family institution through its pervasive tool; “the cross” and its willing agents. The cross (church/temple or Christianity) and its agents criminalised the communal family for the individualistic idealistic family. Individualism is not an African value, it is a foreign model and as such foreign models will not work to the expectations of Africans. Among other causes, the cross, through cultural hegemony gave birth to the “small house” in Zimbabwe. The church is an anti-structure institution to the Zimbabwean communal kinship system. It is the argument of this paper that the cross was developed and deployed to criminalise, shame and stigmatize the African family or kinship values (among them polygamy) resulting in nefarious clandestine legitimation of an illegitimate Western construct “small house”. A family is ideologically unique and as such the conception of a family with regard to the religion of the empire is individualistic as its Christian religious ideology is. The paper goes behind the present through solely focusing on the historical cultural and material conditions that led to the genesis, growth and development of the ‘small house’ in Zimbabwe as an offspring of the church. This chapter concludes by arguing that the small house is a genetically modified institution of the church.
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P.M., Suresh Kumar. "Teaching the New Generation: Some Critical Concerns." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 11 (2023): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n11.015.
Full textAbstract:
The present-day academic scenario reveals a disturbing trend. Colleges and similar Higher Education Institutions are haunted by innumerable problems arising chiefly from the changed nature and characteristics of students. More than ever before present-day students pose a heterogeneous mix, chiefly segregated into two categories - Those who come with a sense of purpose and intention to study are the first category. The second set is the not-so-interested or serious in studies. They are driven to the institution either as a fulfillment of custom or a result of persuasion from parents or not having any other engagement, or by the sheer notion that sitting through would fetch a degree and getting a degree is a quick way to a job. Barring premier institutes and similar institutions where admission is very competitive, they outnumber others leaving the genuinely interested and strongly motivated students to an obvious minority. These students although take admission, behave indifferently in class, do not obey instructions, do not follow punctuality in attendance, skip classes and examinations, are involved in violence and clashes, indulge in politics, do not pay fees properly and on time, take to drinks and drugs and are disruptive of the positive campus atmosphere. Reared in indisciplined surroundings, achievement orientation, a sense of purpose, and strong life goals are lacking. The task before the teacher is to handle this negative heterogeneity to bring in positive homogeneity. In the modern day, a teacher is expected to be student-friendly for it costs his survival and growth. An unfriendly teacher has no existence in his profession. Battling these innumerable odds, he finds it threatening to wear this suit of idealistic conception. The present study aims to discuss the survival issues of the teachers and what complicates their tasks. The few crucial concerns discussed here are explanatory and not exhaustive.
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Gardner, Sebastian. "Value and idealism." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 47 (September 2000): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100006883.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is concerned with the attempt to base a general theory of value on an idealist metaphysics. The most explicit and fully developed instance of this approach is, of course, found in Kant, on whom I shall concentrate, though I will also suggest that the account I offer of Kant has application to the later German idealists. While the core of the paper is devoted to commentary on Kant, what I thereby wish to make plausible is the idea that Kant's endeavour to base a general conception of value on an idealist metaphysics is of contemporary, not merely historical, interest. Specifically, my suggestion will be that a correct understanding of what is demanded by our ordinary, pre-philosophical grasp of value shows there is reason to think that something along the lines of Kant's transcendental idealism (or, like absolute idealism, developed from it) is required for a fully adequate metaphysics of value. Essential to the case I will make is a distinction between Kant's moral theory and his broader account of value, my claim being that, whether or not Kantian moral theory is ultimately dependent on any metaphysics, the broader conception of value to be found in Kant cannot be detached from his doctrine of transcendental idealism.
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Prystash, Justin. "Times of the Timeless: May Sinclair, British Idealism, and the Stream of Consciousness." Twentieth-Century Literature 68, no. 2 (2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-9808078.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the relationship between British Idealist philosophy and modernist form, particularly the stream of consciousness technique. Idealism was ascendant from the 1870s to the 1920s, and the writer/philosopher May Sinclair participated in its conceptual discourse, finding the British Idealists’ contention that time is unreal an especially valuable insight for her literary agenda. For many of the idealists, time is unreal in the sense that multiple temporal series coexist within the universe or atemporal “Absolute.” This idea, which was debated in the journal Mind and elsewhere, played a significant role in the literary conception of “stream of consciousness,” a term first applied to literature by Sinclair in 1918. Considering the interplay of literature and philosophy during this period expands our understanding of the genealogy of modernist form and its effects. In particular, in evoking an experience of the timeless, for Sinclair stream of consciousness draws together authors, characters, and readers, generating among them complex investments, both ethical and ontological.
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Chernyaev, Anatoly V., and Aleksandra Yu Berdnikova. "CRISIS OF RENAISSANCE TYPE OF CULTURE IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN THOUGHT: IDEOLOGICAL SOURCES OF N. A. BERDYAEV'S “NEW MIDDLE AGES”." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 58 (2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2020-58-72-83.
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The paper undertakes an analysis of the “New Middle Ages” concept articulated by N. A. Berdyaev. It is to show that this concept emerged as a result of Berdyaev's reinterpretation of a number of foreign and domestic thought traditions. To clarify the genesis and specifics of Berdyaev's historiosophical conception, the author provides a reconstruction of its prehistory in a broad cultural and historical context: starting from the origin of those ideas among representatives of German romanticism (and, in particular, the teachings of Novalis), Russian religious philosophy (the concept of “free theocracy” by V. S. Solovyov) up until the development of those ideas in the works of Russian 20th century thinkers (P. A. Florensky, S. N. Bulgakov, D. S. Merezhkovsky). In addition to that the paper renders the reconstruction of ideological evolution of Berdyaev himself. This reconstruction identifies the development of the concept of “New Middle Ages”; in particular, Berdyaev's appeal to such problems and questions as: revolution and reformation, idea of “theocratic socialism”, etc. The paper also highlights the biographical context of Berdyaev's concept of “New Middle Ages”. In particular the paper focuses on the analysis of an episode of the criticism of Berdyaev's early idealistic Marxist ideas brought about by A. A. Bogdanov and A.V. Lunacharsky [a direct consequence of which was Bogdanov's article “New Middle Ages. On “problems of idealism” (1903) ]; and also with Berdyaev's practical understanding of the phenomenon of the Reformation, which occurred in connection with the conflict between G. Fedotov and the leadership of the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute in Paris in 1939. Special attention is paid to the influence exerted on the development and shaping of this concept in Berdyaev's work by the ideas of Western thinkers — J. de Maistre and O. Spengler. The paper comes to the conclusion about the "inclusion" of Berdyaev's reasoning into the General trends of understanding the phenomenon of secularization in Russian religious thought at the turn of the 20th century.
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Duquette, David A. "Marx's Idealist Critique of Hegel's Theory of Society and Politics." Review of Politics 51, no. 2 (1989): 218–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500048099.
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The article is a comparative study of Hegel and Marx on the nature and function of the political state and it argues that Marx's critique of Hegel on this topic is aimed not at the “idealism” of the state, which concerns the principle of universal freedom, but rather at the “material” presuppositions of the state. Indeed, Marx's critique of political institutions is premised upon the way in which they are infected with the egoism and self-seeking of civil (bürgerliche) society. The relationship between the views of Hegel and Marx on these points is explored by (1) giving an exegesis of Hegel's conception of civil society as a foundation for freedom, (2) examining Marx's critique of Hegel's theory of the state, (3) distinguishing the Hegelian and Marxian philosophical conceptions of freedom, the individual, and community, and (4) evaluating the fairness and cogency of Marx's critique of Hegel.
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Burford, Mark. "Hanslick's Idealist Materialism." 19th-Century Music 30, no. 2 (2006): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2006.30.2.166.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-nineteenth century, materialist and empiricist modes of thought characteristic of natural science increasingly called into question the speculation of German idealist philosophy. Music historians have commonly associated Eduard Hanslick's Vom Musikalisch-Sch&#x9a;nen (On the Musically Beautiful, 1854) with this tendency toward positivism, interpreting the treatise as an argument for musical formalism. His treatise indeed sought to revise idealist musical aesthetics, but in a far less straightforward way. Hanslick devotes considerable attention to the "material" that makes up music and the musical work. The nature of music's materiality is in fact a central pillar of Hanslick's argument, which draws on the abundant literature of the 1840s and 50s promoting scientific materialism and on what might be described as an Aristotelian conception of matter. Hanslick's goal, however, was not to deny idealism, but rather to negotiate a middle ground between idealism and materialism, thereby reconciling a prevailing conception of music's metaphysical status with the physical properties of matter. This is most clearly observed in his carefully crafted conception of the musical "tone," which unites the inner world of thought and the external world of nature. Hanslick's somewhat ironic use of a materialist framework to demonstrate music's inherent ideality betrayed a desire not only to attune musical aesthetics with the latest materialist theories, but also to preserve art music's exclusivity. On the Musically Beautiful is perhaps best understood not as an unequivocal case for formalism but as evidence of the complex ways in which mid-century tensions between idealism and materialism informed German musical discourse.
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Weinberg, Justin. "THE PRACTICALITY OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY." Social Philosophy and Policy 30, no. 1-2 (2013): 330–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052513000162.
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AbstractMust principles of justice be practical? Some political philosophers, the “implementers,” say yes. Others, the “idealists,” say no. Despite this disagreement, the implementers and idealists agree on what “practical” means, subscribing to the “implementation-prediction” (IP) conception of practicality. They also seem to agree that principles of so-called “ideal theory” need not be (and often are not) IP-practical. The implementers take this as a reason to reject ideal theory as an approach to principles of justice, while the idealists do not. In this paper, I argue that we should reject the IP conception of practicality. The implementers make a mistake, then, by requiring principles of justice to be IP-practical. But the idealists make a mistake, too, by rejecting in general the requirement that principles of justice be practical. For there is a plausible alternative conception of practicality that political philosophers should accept: the “experimentation-learning” (EL) conception. EL-practicality makes for a more realistic and epistemically accessible standard of practicality, and thus should be welcomed by the realistically-inclined implementers. It also preserves a crucial role for ideal theory, so should be welcomed by the idealists, too.
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García Aranda, Oscar. "Estilos de dibujo realista en el manga japonés: entre lo ideal y lo objetivo en la obra de Ikegami Ryōichi y Ōtomo Katsuhiro." Imafronte, no. 32 (April 11, 2025): 194–208. https://doi.org/10.6018/imafronte.617051.
Full textAbstract:
The following article analyzes and defines a distinction between realistic drawing styles in manga during the early eighties, based on a comparison between the drawing styles of mangaka Ikegami Ryōichi and Ōtomo Katsuhiro. After the analysis of both styles, two stylistic categories are proposed — called idealistic - physical realism and objective - optical realism — to define both paths of formal realism within manga. Its main differences lie in the shape of its strokes, volumes, shadows and facial features, among other aspects that denote various drawing techniques as well as different conceptions of "realism": a more idealized and artistic one, while the another one is more naturalistic and photographic. The research also validates both categories as generally differentiated drawing "styles", both contrasting them with their historical precedents — from contemporary Japanese manga history and other kinds of referents — and also observing the influence of both styles on later manga cartoonists. In this sense, we propose that the idealistic - physical path is mainly congregated within the field of adult male manga, while the objective - optical path acquires a more eclectic continuity, combining with moe expression modes or the development of Japanese anime. El siguiente artículo analiza y define una distinción de estilos de dibujo realista en el manga a principios de los años ochenta, en base a una comparativa de los estilos de dibujo de los mangaka Ikegami Ryōichi y Ōtomo Katsuhiro. Tras el análisis de ambos estilos, se proponen dos categorías estilísticas — denominadas como realismo idealista - físico y realismo objetivo - óptico — para definir ambas vías de realismo formal al manga. Sus principales diferencias residen en el aspecto de sus trazos, volúmenes, sombras y rasgos faciales, entre otros aspectos que denotan diversas técnicas de dibujo como también concepciones diferentes de “realismo”: una más idealizada y artística, mientras que otra es más naturalista y fotográfica. La investigación también valida ambas categorías como “estilos" de dibujo generalmente diferenciados, tanto contrastándolos con sus precedentes históricos — de la historia del manga japonés y otro tipo de referentes — como también observando la influencia de ambos estilos en dibujantes de manga posteriores. En este sentido, proponemos que la vía idealista-física queda congregada principalmente en el ámbito del manga adulto masculino, mientras que la vía objetiva - óptica adquiere una continuidad más ecléctica, combinándose con los modos de expresión moe o el desarrollo del anime japonés.
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Wright, Crispin. "Truth: A Traditional Debate Reviewed." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 24 (1998): 31–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1998.10717495.
Full textAbstract:
Every student of English-speaking analytical metaphysics is taught that the early twentieth century philosophical debate about truth confronted the correspondence theory, supported by Russell, Moore, the early Wittgenstein and, later, J.L. Austin, with the coherence theory advocated by the British Idealists. Sometimes the pragmatist conception of truth deriving from Dewey, William James, and C.S. Peirce is regarded as a third player. And as befits a debate at the dawn of analytical philosophy, the matter in dispute is normally taken to have been the proper analysis of the concept.No doubt this conception nicely explains some of the characteristic turns taken in the debate. Analysis, as traditionally conceived, has to consist in the provision of illuminating conceptual equivalences; and illumination will depend, according to the standard rules of play, on the analysans’ utilizing only concepts which, in the best case, are in some way prior to and independent of the notion being analyzed — or, if that's too much to ask, then concepts which at least permit of some form of explication which does not in turn take one straight back to that notion.