To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Idealized cognitive model.
Journal articles on the topic 'Idealized cognitive model'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Idealized cognitive model.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wang, Xiao Ying. "Idealized Cognitive Model for Engineering Education." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3444.
Full textAbstract:
This study from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the English ditransitive construction structural polysemy in conjunction the antisense strand of the comparative study of the constructions, reasoning semantic motivation. After the construction grammar and cognitive semantic analysis of center, semantic and extending semantic construal, pointed out in the English ditransitive construction system implementation and the first object semantic constraints. Not only the construal of English ditransitive construction implementation of the voluntary, but found the English ditransitive construction of non voluntary, so many in the ditransitive construction system is considered to be abnormal expressions to construal, formed the English ditransitive construction rational cognitive model.
2
Miller, Steven I. "‘Evidence’ as an idealized cognitive model." Social Epistemology 8, no. 2 (April 1994): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691729408578741.
Full text
3
Printsipalova, O. V. "Image as a Model in the German Language: Practices of Definitional Analyses." Philology at MGIMO 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-1-25-83-90.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers the semantic structure of the concept IMAGE in the German language. The article presents the results of the definitional analysis of the lexeme “Image”. The procedure of the definitional analysis, which enabled us to identify cognitive integral elements in order to objectify the concept of IMAGE, is specified. The classification of all identified semes is given in accordance with the activity-based approach; and the dominants of the ideal cognitive model of IMAGE are singled out, which include SUBJECT, OBJECT, MOTIVES, RESULTATIVE, and PROCEDURAL-SUBSTANTIVE SIDES of the concept. The structure of the idealized cognitive model of IMAGE is constructed of the units identified at the three stages of componential analysis. It is argued that the idealized conceptual model is associated with positive characteristics of an individual or a group of people in the eyes of others. At the same time the terminals included in the slots of the cognitive model are attacked in order to discredit a political opponent or to indicate the negative consequences of the politics conducted by the members of the outgroup. The author comes to the conclusion that the speaker purposefully tries to present his political opponents as inconsistent with the idealized cognitive model of IMAGE, discrediting their positive image in the eyes of others.
4
Salamh, Sami Ben, Zouheir Maalej, and Mohammed Alghbban. "To be or not to be your son’s father/mother." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 28, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.00001.ben.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The current article offers a comparative account of the address system of two dialects of Arabic, Najdi and Tunisian Arabic. Capitalizing on the theory of Idealized Cognitive Model, the article defends the view that the two systems display Idealized models, which are central to the system, and non-Idealized models, which are peripheral to it. Najdi Arabic includes Idealized terms such as first names, teknonyms, and kinship terms while non-Idealized models include a battery of terms of address. Tunisian Arabic Idealized models hinge on Si/Lalla + first names, first names, and kinship terms while non-Idealized models make use of endeared first names, kinship terms, and diminished kinship terms. The two systems are shown to differ at the level of types of encounter (including formality, closeness, and deference), availability of address options, social horizontality-verticality, and use of metaphor and metonymy.
5
Sun, Jing, and Yuewu Lin. "On Application of Metonymy in Advertisements." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 3, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v3n2p127.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Metonymy, as a thinking way, on the basis of contiguity, uses one object to replace another object to activate the association for them in the same Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM). In other words, metonymy stresses on the mentally transformed process from the source domain to the target domain in the same Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM). Idealized cognitive models are those structures which help conceptualizing some certain entities, events and even abstract ideas in his mind in a specific cultural background. There are some main characteristics of idealized cognitive models. The most principal and prime point is that ICMs are idealized and cultural-based. What’s more important, ICMs are embodied because of the interaction between human beings and the outside world. Last but not least, ICMs are a kind of complex gestalt structure due to the compositions of many cognitive models. Later, as the media and Internet have developed dramatically, the merchants want to use a brief way to promote their products so that there appears the advertisement. Gradually, the advertisement gets into our life and then it is a part of our life. The characteristics of advertisement are brief and clear to attract most of the consumers. It is universally known that there is an AIDA principle in advertisements. “A” means attention. “I’ is interesting. “D” shows desire. “A” refers to action. In the end, not only can we draw the conclusions that the application of metonymy in advertisement can help highlight the features of advertisements so that it makes the advertisement more vivid and interesting, but also that the advertisements containing metonymy can give the customers great impressions as well as they can attach to the final destination to help the boss sell more products.</em>
6
Qin, Yang. "An Idealized Cognitive Model Analysis of Metaphors in American Economic News Report." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 128 (March 2018): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012002.
Full text
7
Williamson, Robert Jr. "Pesher: A Cognitive Model of the Genre." Dead Sea Discoveries 17, no. 3 (2010): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851710x513575.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEarlier models of the genre of the pesharim have tended either to subsume pesher into the genre of midrash, on the one hand, or to doubt its coherence as a genre due to a perceived lack of common features shared among all the member texts, on the other. Cognitive genre theory offers a way forward by challenging previous conceptions of the way genre categories are formed. Rather than fixed sets of texts belonging equally to a genre, cognitive theory proposes that genres are radial categories extending outward from a “prototypical” center toward a fuzzy boundary, with texts participating in the genre to varying degrees. A cognitive model of the pesher genre provides a flexible enough construction of the genre to account for the variation among the constituent texts, yet still firmly distinguishes the genre from other forms of Early Jewish literature through the concept of the idealized cognitive model (ICM) of reality that animates the genre.
8
Gutiérrez Pérez, Regina. "A cross-cultural analysis of heart metaphors." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 21 (November 15, 2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2008.21.03.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we propose a cognitive model which results of metaphorical expressions gathered from dictionaries and thesauri and their later examination and classification. We begin with basic conceptual operations, such as reification and personification, to arrive at more complex metaphors which constitute the “Idealized Cognitive Model”.
9
Milkevich, Yelena S. "Cognitive Metonymic Models of ‘Hollywood’: Corpus Analysis." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-2-63-70.
Full textAbstract:
Within the framework of cognitive linguistics metonymy exists only between concepts belonging to the same Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM). Metonymic relationships between concepts are not chaotic but regulated by a set of cognitive and communicative principles. They dictate the choice of metonymic source and metonymic target. Cognitive linguistics also assume, that we think in terms of metaphor and metonymy, so they are not examples of our creativity in figurative language, but regular, standard and default. This fact is proven by numerous data from text corpora. The case study of the article is the ICM ‘Hollywood’ and its metonymic models.
10
Baicchi, Annalisa. "Conceptual metaphor in the complex dynamics of illocutionary meaning." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 106–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.1.05bai.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to illustrate the role that conceptual metaphor plays in the complex dynamics of interpersonal communication, with the focus being placed upon the synergistic relationship that metaphor holds with other Idealized Cognitive Models (Lakoff, 1987) in the construction of illocutionary meaning. This goal is pursued under the scope of the Cost-Benefit Cognitive Model(Baicchi & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2010), which has been elaborated to overcome the shortcomings of traditional relevance-theoretic approaches and to ground illocutionary activity within the constructionist strand of Cognitive Linguistics. The qualitative analysis of Webcorp data retrieved for the suggesting high-level situational cognitive model offers an exemplification of the interplay that metaphor holds with frames, image schemas, and metonymy.
11
Williams, Robert F. "The source-path-goal image schema in gestures for thinking and teaching." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00041.wil.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article examines source-path-goal image-schematic structure in gestures used to solve counting problems (gesture for thinking) and to teach children how to read a clock (gesture for teaching). The analyses illustrate how path schemas inherent in idealized cognitive models are exhibited in gesture forms and in gesture sequences and combinations, manifesting conceptual content beyond that articulated in speech. While at times the path structure is incidental, enacting part of a cognitive model that is not the focus of discourse, at other times the path structure is essential, in that listeners must perceive the source-path-goal structure in the gesture in order to construct the proper understanding. The examples support the view that image schemas at the heart of cognitive models partly motivate and structure gestures for cognitive and communicative purposes, and that listener attunement to this structure contributes to intersubjective understanding and the perpetuation of cultural practices for distributed cognition.
12
Forceville, Charles. "Visual representations of the idealized cognitive model of anger in the Asterix album La Zizanie." Journal of Pragmatics 37, no. 1 (January 2005): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.002.
Full text
13
Periñán-Pascual, Carlos. "The situated common-sense knowledge in FunGramKB." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 184–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.10.1.06per.
Full textAbstract:
It has been widely demonstrated that expectation-based schemata, along the lines of Lakoff’s propositional Idealized Cognitive Models, play a crucial role in text comprehension. Discourse inferences are grounded on the shared generalized knowledge which is activated from the situational model underlying the text surface dimension. From a cognitive-plausible and linguistic-aware approach to knowledge representation, FunGramKB stands out for being a dynamic repository of lexical, constructional and conceptual knowledge which contributes to simulate human-level reasoning. The objective of this paper is to present a script model as a carrier of the situated common-sense knowledge required to help knowledge engineers construct more “intelligent” natural language processing systems.
14
Аникеева, Ольга, and Olga Anikyeyeva. "Development of Socio-Historical Models as a Cognitive Process: A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis." Servis Plus 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3886.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses the problems of modeling as a means of socio-historical cognition. The major discrepancy lies in the fact that the practice of cognition, as well as change-oriented activity, frequently
employ modeling, while the principles and methods of model-development have not been clearly defined. The article considers the correlation between modeling and the conventional methods of historical research, and identifies the common and specific aspects of their implementation, the peculiarities of socio-historical modeling and its Junctions.
Modern science regards a model as analogous to a protoimage (a fact, an event, a process), its symbolic representation, or an idealized pattern (actions, behavior). The article highlights the basic principles underlying the development of socio-historical models: a model is representational (reflecting the ontologicalfeatures of the protoimage), relevant, both conditional and autonomous, moreover, a model has its individual life cycle, with the existence and development of the model determined by its cognitive value.
Modeling as a cognitive method emerged in response to the new perspective which viewed socio-historical processes as products of the meaningful activity of the agent. One of the most significant constituents of the model is its axiological motivation, which reflects the axiological system and the ideology immanent to the protoimage, and, thus, accounts for both the specifics and the essence of modeling. Another peculiarity and forte of modeling is the possibility and tolerance of the quantification of socio-historical processes, that is, translating qualitative characteristics onto the quantitative plane and developing mathematical models which lend themselves to mathematical study and interpretation, reducing ideological and axiological influences.
15
Zhang, Kechen, Martin I. Sereno, and Margaret E. Sereno. "Emergence of Position-Independent Detectors of Sense of Rotation and Dilation with Hebbian Learning: An Analysis." Neural Computation 5, no. 4 (July 1993): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.4.597.
Full textAbstract:
We previously demonstrated that it is possible to learn position-independent responses to rotation and dilation by filtering rotations and dilations with different centers through an input layer with MT-like speed and direction tuning curves and connecting them to an MST-like layer with simple Hebbian synapses (Sereno and Sereno 1991). By analyzing an idealized version of the network with broader, sinusoidal direction-tuning and linear speed-tuning, we show analytically that a Hebb rule trained with arbitrary rotation, dilation/contraction, and translation velocity fields yields units with weight fields that are a rotation plus a dilation or contraction field, and whose responses to a rotating or dilating/contracting disk are exactly position independent. Differences between the performance of this idealized model and our original model (and real MST neurons) are discussed.
16
Waller, Niels G., and Leah Feuerstahler. "Bayesian Modal Estimation of the Four-Parameter Item Response Model in Real, Realistic, and Idealized Data Sets." Multivariate Behavioral Research 52, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2017.1292893.
Full text
17
Strugielska, Ariadna. "Between Galileo and Darwin, or Towards a Unified Mode of Idealization in Cognitive Linguistics." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 16 (December 31, 2016): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.015.
Full textAbstract:
Between Galileo and Darwin, or Towards a Unified Mode of Idealization in Cognitive LinguisticsThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Cognitive Linguistics is in need of a coherent model through which the meaning of symbolic units can be represented. Departing from the premise that scientific theorizing requires taking a stance on the nature of idealization, the current discussion concentrates on cognitive linguists’ perspectives on the process, and reveals a lack of uniformity in the models proposed.On the whole, generalizations in Cognitive Linguistics are conducted in a manner reflecting the basic commitments of the approach, and hence the idealized models discussed strive to capture the embodied nature of cognition reflected in the semantic poles of symbolic units.However, a detailed analysis shows that a number of significant choices underlying the process of abstraction are random. Consequently, the modes of idealization revealed through semantic frames and cognitive domains lead to the emergence of barely compatible semantic categories which are assumed to represent the meaning of the same symbolic unit.It is thus postulated that if Cognitive Linguistics aspires to become a mature scientific theory, whose constructs and hypotheses can be operationalized and falsified, it needs to develop a more unified framework in which the situated and distributed natures of meaning are accounted for in a motivated manner. Między Galileuszeam a Aarwinem albo o spójnym modelu idealizacji w językoznawstwie kognitywnymCelem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie konieczności stworzenia spójnego modelu reprezentacji znaczeniowej jednostek symbolicznych w obrębie językoznawstwa kognitywnego. Przyjmując jako punkt wyjścia założenie, że podstawą budowania teorii naukowych jest idealizacja, dokonany zostaje przegląd modeli reprezentacji semantycznej, proponowanych przez czołowych językoznawców kognitywnych.Analiza wyidealizowanych modeli kognitywnych w ujęciu Fillmore’a (1985), Lakoffa (1987) i Langackera (1987) wskazuje na zbieżności na poziomie ogólnym, czyli na zgodność, iż biegun semantyczny jednostki symbolicznej winien odzwierciedlać ucieleśnioną naturę poznania. Na poziomie szczegółowym jednakże można zauważyć szereg rozbieżności między omawianymi modelami, wynikających z nieuzasadnionych wyborów badaczy dotyczących sposobu abstrahowania.W rezultacie wykazano, że znaczenie tej samej jednostki symbolicznej jest w językoznawstwie kognitywnym definiowane odmiennie, w zależności od przyjętej procedury idealizacji. Zaobserwowane niekonsekwencje metodologiczne podają w wątpliwość dojrzałość językoznawstwa kognitywnego jako teorii naukowej.
18
Li, Wei, and Huijun Tang. "A Case Study of Li Bai’s Poems from Cognitive Metonymic Perspective." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n2p237.
Full textAbstract:
Metonymy has long been treated as the forgotten trope while cognitive approach to metonymy sheds new light on the research of metonymy. Metonymy is not only considered as a figure of speech, but also a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity, the vehicle, provides mental access to another conceptual entity, the target, within the same idealized cognitive model (Radden & Kovecses, 1999). The investigation of concrete metonymy in Li Bai’s poems is aimed to offer a new perspective of metonymic devices for literary studies. Metonymy has the capacity to generate impressive aesthetic effects and highlight the theme in poetry. What’s more, it is a mirror to reflect the cognitive process the poet construes and thinks about the world. As far as readers are concerned, their interpretation of poetry partly depends on their mental construction of metonymic devices.
19
Rattray, Magnus. "Stochastic Trapping in a Solvable Model of On-Line Independent Component Analysis." Neural Computation 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08997660252741185.
Full textAbstract:
Previous analytical studies of on-line independent component analysis (ICA) learning rules have focused on asymptotic stability and efficiency. In practice, the transient stages of learning are often more significant in determining the success of an algorithm. This is demonstrated here with an analysis of a Hebbian ICA algorithm, which can find a small number of nongaussian components given data composed of a linear mixture of independent source signals. An idealized data model is considered in which the sources comprise a number of nongaussian and gaussian sources, and a solution to the dynamics is obtained in the limit where the number of gaussian sources is infinite. Previous stability results are confirmed by expanding around optimal fixed points, where a closed-form solution to the learning dynamics is obtained. However, stochastic effects are shown to stabilize otherwise unstable suboptimal fixed points. Conditions required to destabilize one such fixed point are obtained for the case of a single nongaussian component, indicating that the initial learning rate η required to escape successfully is very low (η = O (N−2) where N is the datadimension), resulting in very slow learning typically requiring O (N3) iterations. Simulations confirm that this picture holds for a finite system.
20
Kövecses, Zoltán. "Levels of metaphor." Cognitive Linguistics 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 321–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0052.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWhat is the appropriate conceptual structure involved in conceptual metaphors? Various authors offer a large number of terms to discuss the issue. While domain is the most common term, many others are also used, including frame, image schema, cognitive model, idealized cognitive model, scene, schema, scenario, etc. The problem is compounded by the fact that the terms mean different things to different researchers. The main goal of the paper is to create some clarity in this terminological and theoretical confusion. I propose that conceptual metaphors simultaneously involve conceptual structures, or units, on four levels of schematicity: the level of image schemas, the level of domains, the level of frames, and the level of mental spaces. I call the resulting framework the “multi-level view of conceptual metaphor.” The multi-level view of metaphor can provide us with insights into a number of problems that have been raised and debated in the CMT literature. I show that the study of metaphor within such a framework can legitimately be pursued on the four levels of schematicity and that no level can be singled out as the only appropriate level of analysis.
21
Ivanová, Martina. "Pragmatický Marker Fair Enough A Jeho Prekladové Ekvivalenty V AnglickoSlovenskom Paralelnom Korpuse." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 69, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Many works written by Klára Buzássyová from the 1970s onwards were devoted to the issues of contrastive research of languages. The study analyses the role of metonymy in speech acts expressing agreement in a contrastive perspective. The paper deals with linguistic variation of Slovak translation equivalents of English pragmatic marker fair enough in the exploitation of discoursiveillocutionary metonymy within indirect speech acts. It analyses data drawn from EnglishSlovak parallel corpus which form a translation paradigm of the given pragmatic marker. In a search for an explanation for usage of largely heterogeneous translation equivalents from various semanticpragmatic fields, metonymy is pointed out as a central motivating factor. It functions on the basis of evocation of various aspects constituting the idealized cognitive model of agreement.
22
Wright, Benjamin G. III. "Joining the Club: A Suggestion about Genre in Early Jewish Texts." Dead Sea Discoveries 17, no. 3 (2010): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851710x513557.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBiblical studies has traditionally worked with a classificatory or definitional approach to genre. Recent scholarship in genre studies, however, has pointed out the shortcomings of a classificatory system. Among the different theories about genre that are current in genre studies, prototype theory, derived from advances in cognitive science, offers the possibility for thinking differently about genre as a classificatory tool and about what questions we want considerations of genre to answer. Rather than listing necessary features, prototype theory focuses on the way that humans categorize through the use of prototypical exemplars that reflect an idealized cognitive model of a category. Within this approach, genres have indeterminate boundaries and can be extended to include marginal or atypical examples. This paper takes up the categories of apocalyptic and wisdom as examples of how prototype theory can be used to describe a genre, to provide a more effective way to accommodate what are usually thought of as problematic cases, and to think about the generic relations of texts to one another.
23
Legenstein, Robert, and Wolfgang Maass. "On the Classification Capability of Sign-Constrained Perceptrons." Neural Computation 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.20.1.288.
Full textAbstract:
The perceptron (also referred to as McCulloch-Pitts neuron, or linear threshold gate) is commonly used as a simplified model for the discrimination and learning capability of a biological neuron. Criteria that tell us when a perceptron can implement (or learn to implement) all possible dichotomies over a given set of input patterns are well known, but only for the idealized case, where one assumes that the sign of a synaptic weight can be switched during learning. We present in this letter an analysis of the classification capability of the biologically more realistic model of a sign-constrained perceptron, where the signs of synaptic weights remain fixed during learning (which is the case for most types of biological synapses). In particular, the VC-dimension of sign-constrained perceptrons is determined, and a necessary and sufficient criterion is provided that tells us when all 2m dichotomies over a given set of m patterns can be learned by a sign-constrained perceptron. We also show that uniformity of L1 norms of input patterns is a sufficient condition for full representation power in the case where all weights are required to be nonnegative. Finally, we exhibit cases where the sign constraint of a perceptron drastically reduces its classification capability. Our theoretical analysis is complemented by computer simulations, which demonstrate in particular that sparse input patterns improve the classification capability of sign-constrained perceptrons.
24
Lizardo,, Omar. "The conceptual bases of metaphors of dirt and cleanliness in moral and non-moral reasoning." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0011.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this paper I propose a new understanding of the often-noted phenomenon that much of our conceptualization and reasoning about moral propriety is framed by a set of metaphors that originate from a conceptual structure generated from our experiences with dirt and cleanliness. I argue that reliance on the dirty-clean dichotomy to conceptualize moral propriety or impropriety emerges from metaphorical extensions into various realms of experience (e.g., sports, governance, introspection) grounded in an idealized cognitive model in which dirt is conceptualized as matter out of place and clean is conceptualized as ordered arrangement. The analysis provides a unified framework with which to understand the use of dirty and clean as metaphors to categorize objects, events and actions in the moral domain. Finally, I suggest that the dirty-clean distinction is useful for understanding broader cultural issues (such as moral panics regarding media, immigration and disease), and I show that the conceptualization of certain non-moral properties can be understood using the same framework (e.g., the quality of being exceptional) of objects and actions.
25
Wright, James R., and Kevin Leyton-Brown. "Level-0 Models for Predicting Human Behavior in Games." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 64 (February 19, 2019): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11361.
Full textAbstract:
Behavioral game theory seeks to describe the way actual people (as compared to idealized, "rational" agents) act in strategic situations. Our own recent work has identified iterative models, such as quantal cognitive hierarchy, as the state of the art for predicting human play in unrepeated, simultaneous-move games. Iterative models predict that agents reason iteratively about their opponents, building up from a specification of nonstrategic behavior called level-0. A modeler is in principle free to choose any description of level-0 behavior that makes sense for a given setting. However, in practice almost all existing work specifies this behavior as a uniform distribution over actions. In most games it is not plausible that even nonstrategic agents would choose an action uniformly at random, nor that other agents would expect them to do so. A more accurate model for level-0 behavior has the potential to dramatically improve predictions of human behavior, since a substantial fraction of agents may play level-0 strategies directly, and furthermore since iterative models ground all higher-level strategies in responses to the level-0 strategy. Our work considers models of the way in which level-0 agents construct a probability distribution over actions, given an arbitrary game. We considered a large space of alternatives and, in the end, recommend a model that achieved excellent performance across the board: a linear weighting of four binary features, each of which is general in the sense that it can be computed from any normal form game. Adding real-valued variants of the same four features yielded further improvements in performance, albeit with a corresponding increase in the number of parameters needing to be estimated. We evaluated the effects of combining these new level-0 models with several iterative models and observed large improvements in predictive accuracy.
26
Longley, Kasey, and Joseph Grzywacz. "Successful Aging: A Comprehensive Outcome Using Latent Profile Analysis." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1370.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Understanding “successful aging” is a primary goal of gerontology and adult development researchers that has been motivated by rapid the increases in life expectancy over the last 100 years. Successful aging, as it is understood by Rowe and Kahn, is conceptualized multidimensionally in terms of limited disease and disability, high physical, mental and cognitive functioning, and active engagement with life. “Success” in all three domains reflects the idealized manifestation of “successful aging.” Nevertheless, research on successful aging typically focuses on only one or two aspects of the model – most commonly physical disease or disability. The overall goal of this research is to advance understanding and subsequent attempts to promote holistic successful aging. Specifically, using key metrics from each domain of successful aging from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), this study characterizes distinct profiles of successful aging, and it describes the distribution of these profiles in the adult population. Results indicate 3 profiles. These are labeled as Successfully Aged, Somewhat Successfully Aged, and Least Successfully Aged. Approximately 82.1% of the population (mean age=50.5) is classified as Successfully Aged, whereas the remainder are classified in the Somewhat Successfully Aged (12.2%), and Least Successfully Aged (5.6%), respectively. As expected, those who were classified as Successfully Aged had the highest cognitive scores, sense of well-being, and self-rated health; and had the lowest number of age-related physical disabilities (i.e. cancer, stroke, osteoporosis, etc.) and mental health conditions (depression, anxiety disorder, and panic disorder). This outcome can be applied to multiple predictors.
27
Maass, Wolfgang, Thomas Natschläger, and Henry Markram. "Real-Time Computing Without Stable States: A New Framework for Neural Computation Based on Perturbations." Neural Computation 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 2531–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976602760407955.
Full textAbstract:
A key challenge for neural modeling is to explain how a continuous stream of multimodal input from a rapidly changing environment can be processed by stereotypical recurrent circuits of integrate-and-fire neurons in real time. We propose a new computational model for real-time computing on time-varying input that provides an alternative to paradigms based on Turing machines or attractor neural networks. It does not require a task-dependent construction of neural circuits. Instead, it is based on principles of high-dimensional dynamical systems in combination with statistical learning theory and can be implemented on generic evolved or found recurrent circuitry. It is shown that the inherent transient dynamics of the high-dimensional dynamical system formed by a sufficiently large and heterogeneous neural circuit may serve as universal analog fading memory. Readout neurons can learn to extract in real time from the current state of such recurrent neural circuit information about current and past inputs that may be needed for diverse tasks. Stable internal states are not required for giving a stable output, since transient internal states can be transformed by readout neurons into stable target outputs due to the high dimensionality of the dynamical system. Our approach is based on a rigorous computational model, the liquid state machine, that, unlike Turing machines, does not require sequential transitions between well-defined discrete internal states. It is supported, as the Turing machine is, by rigorous mathematical results that predict universal computational power under idealized conditions, but for the biologically more realistic scenario of real-time processing of time-varying inputs. Our approach provides new perspectives for the interpretation of neural coding, the design of experiments and data analysis in neurophysiology, and the solution of problems in robotics and neurotechnology.
28
Setzler, Matthew, and Robert Goldstone. "Coordination and Consonance Between Interacting, Improvising Musicians." Open Mind 4 (November 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00036.
Full textAbstract:
Joint action (JA) is ubiquitous in our cognitive lives. From basketball teams to teams of surgeons, humans often coordinate with one another to achieve some common goal. Idealized laboratory studies of group behavior have begun to elucidate basic JA mechanisms, but little is understood about how these mechanisms scale up in more sophisticated and open-ended JA that occurs in the wild. We address this gap by examining coordination in a paragon domain for creative joint expression: improvising jazz musicians. Coordination in jazz music subserves an aesthetic goal: the generation of a collective musical expression comprising coherent, highly nuanced musical structure (e.g., rhythm, harmony). In our study, dyads of professional jazz pianists improvised in a “coupled,” mutually adaptive condition, and an “overdubbed” condition that precluded mutual adaptation, as occurs in common studio recording practices. Using a model of musical tonality, we quantify the flow of rhythmic and harmonic information between musicians as a function of interaction condition. Our analyses show that mutually adapting dyads achieve greater temporal alignment and produce more consonant harmonies. These musical signatures of coordination were preferred by independent improvisers and naive listeners, who gave higher quality ratings to coupled interactions despite being blind to condition. We present these results and discuss their implications for music technology and JA research more generally.
29
Fuertes Olivera, Pedro A. "The contribution of Herrero Ruiz’s Understanding Tropes to the interplay between Cognitive Linguistics and Pragmatics." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 8, no. 1 (June 2, 2010): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.8.1.08fue.
Full textAbstract:
This article attempts to give a critical review of Javier Herrero Ruiz’s Understanding Tropes. At a Crossroads between Pragmatics and Cognition. It evaluates the book in view of the available literature dealing with the trend towards empiricism adopted by Cognitive Linguistics. It also focuses on the main hypothesis put forward, i.e., tropes such as irony, paradox, oxymoron, overstatement, understatement, euphemism, and dysphemism can be considered idealised cognitive models, and discusses the main contributions and arguments of the book, especially his idea that these idealised cognitive models are all constructed around the creation of contrast. A few concerns are also raised, mainly regarding corpus methodology. While these may have a negative impact on the reader, they are not severe enough to discredit the rigour with which the book was conceived.
30
Hilferty, Joseph, and Javier Valenzuela. "Maximality and idealized cognitive models: the complementation of Spanish tener." Language Sciences 23, no. 4-5 (July 2001): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(00)00039-5.
Full text
31
Farrell, Lara J., Eva C. Gregertsen, Caroline L. Donovan, Amy Pammenter, and Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck. "Maternal Rejection and Idealized Value of Appearance: Exploring the Origins of Body Dysmorphic Concerns Among Young Adults." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, no. 3 (2016): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.30.3.154.
Full textAbstract:
Body dysmorphic disorder is a clinical disorder characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in one’s appearance (American Psychological Association, 2013), causing impaired functioning. Cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder have been proposed, whereby social anxiety and parental rejection may be predisposing factors, whereas maladaptive cognitive biases, such as appraisals of rejection, may serve as maintenance factors. The primary aim of this study was to test the role that perceived parental rejection in childhood may play in understanding the development of body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, this study examined whether idealized values of appearance act as a mediator between perceived maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms. The sample comprised 239 Australian undergraduate psychology students. Social anxiety, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, maternal rejection, and idealized values of appearance uniquely predicted body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, the relationship between maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms was partially mediated by idealized values of appearance. Findings support cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder.
32
Stinson, Catherine. "From Implausible Artificial Neurons to Idealized Cognitive Models: Rebooting Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence." Philosophy of Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 590–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/709730.
Full text
33
Pushkarev, Evgenii. "QUESTIONING THE ARCHITECTURE AND STRUCTURE OF IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODELS IN METAPHOR AND METONYMY." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series Linguistics 12, no. 4 (2015): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ling150411.
Full text
34
Feinberg, Matthew, and Elisabeth Wehling. "A moral house divided: How idealized family models impact political cognition." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4 (April 11, 2018): e0193347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193347.
Full text
35
RISPOLI, MATTHEW. "Rethinking innateness." Journal of Child Language 26, no. 1 (February 1999): 217–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998213742.
Full textAbstract:
Review essay on: ELMAN, J., BATES, E., JOHNSON, M., KARMILOFF-SMITH, A., PARISI, D. & PLUNKETT, K. Rethinking innateness: a connectionist perspective on development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1996). Pp. 447.I believe that the field of developmental psycholinguistics suffers from two major weaknesses. The first is its impressionistic and inexact formulations. The second is its divisive polarizations. One can see the reasons for the first weakness. Developmental psycholinguistics is only about 30 years old (ignoring diary studies which preceded the linguistic and cognitive surge of the sixties). But speculation and hypothesizing on the basis of relatively little data and passing acquaintance with phenomena has reached the level of customary ‘business as usual’. We are skilful at hypothesis construction, yet we are regretfully delinquent at formulating clear tests of our hypotheses. We are fond of conjecture about causal relationships, but our empirical tests progress no further than weak forms of correlation.With regard to our second major weakness, our knack for polarizing opinion regarding chimerical questions such as the innateness of language can also be understood. After all, are we not following the classical dialectic model of thesis, antithesis and eventual synthesis? I think this is an idealized view of ourselves. In fact, we are driven by hunch and bias far more often than we would like to admit. Following hunches may be a real sign of creativity and vitality in our thinking. However, polarization driven by biases is ultimately detrimental. At some point we must disentangle ourselves from customary dialogue and transcend our deeply rutted patterns of thought.When I began Rethinking innateness, I had hoped that the book might help us overcome these two weaknesses. I believe that it contributes positively to the goal of increasing the precision of our hypotheses and their empirical substantiation. At the same time, I am afraid that it will have a negative impact by aggravating the degree of polarization in our field.
36
Costa Jr., Daniel Felix da. "O modelo cognitivo idealizado da ansiedade e a metáfora da encomenda." Fórum Linguístico 13, no. 2 (July 3, 2016): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n2p1169.
Full textAbstract:
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n2p1169Este artigo tematiza a conceptualização da ansiedade no contexto do português brasileiro. A abordagem é centrada na Linguística Cognitiva e nos procedimentos metodológicos do MIP1. O corpus dividiu-se em: a) textos de jornais on-line; e b) segmentos selecionados de buscadores eletrônicos. As unidades lexicais metafóricas foram identificadas em dois frames: o da emoção e o da doença. Os conceitos que se relacionaram à ansiedade foram: o almejo, o temor e a expectativa. Tais conceitos indicaram que a ansiedade patológica é determinada pela conjunção de expectativa e temor, enquanto que a ansiedade emocional pode ser determinada pela mesma conjunção ou pela conjunção de almejo e expectativa. Há uma noção de espacialização do tempo (TEMPO É ESPAÇO) e uma noção de entificação dos eventos (EVENTOS SÃO OBJETOS). Juntas, essas conceptualizações sugerem um estado mental que é subestruturado pelos elementos “sujeito receptor” e “objeto da encomenda”.
37
ANDRADE, Helen de, and Lilian FERRARI. "Dêixis, espaços mentais e categorização: o caso dos pronomes we e you em inglês." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 33, no. 1 (March 2017): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-4450381937360662086.
Full textAbstract:
RESUMO Este trabalho baseia-se no referencial teórico da Linguística Cognitiva, adotando a Teoria dos Espaços Mentais (Fauconnier 1994, 1997, Fauconnier e Turner 2002), assim como as propostas cognitivistas de análise da dêixis de Rubba (1996) e Marmaridou (2000). O objetivo do trabalho é investigar os diferentes usos dos pronomes pessoais we (1ª pessoa do plural) e you (2ª pessoa do singular/plural) em inglês, em termos de graus de prototipicidade. Demonstra-se que os usos prototípicos desses pronomes, ancorados no Modelo Cognitivo Idealizado da dêixis, permitem a construção de usos não prototípicos, a partir de processos de mesclagem conceptual.
38
Al-Zahrani, Abdulsalam. "Darwin's Metaphors Revisited: Conceptual Metaphors, Conceptual Blends, and Idealized Cognitive Models in the Theory of Evolution." Metaphor and Symbol 23, no. 1 (December 25, 2007): 50–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926480701723607.
Full text
39
Принципалова, О. В. "The Role of Graduality Indicators in Presenting the Image of German Political Parties." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 1(56) (April 13, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.56.1.005.
Full textAbstract:
В статье анализируются показатели градуальности, которые влияют на создание имиджа политической партии и позволяют политикам конструировать свое речевое поведение таким образом, чтобы выставлять в лучшем свете деятельность своей партии, а политику, проводимую политическими оппонентами, критиковать и подвергать сомнению. Слова-градуаторы рассматриваются как операторы имидж-поддерживающих или имидж-нарушающих процессов, объединяющие такие понятия, как «шкала», «норма» и «количество». За норму принимается идеализированная когнитивная модель имиджа. Слова-градуаторы в исследовании распределяются по степени интенсивности наличия признака на градуаторы с повышенной или недостаточной степенью этого признака. Каждая категория в свою очередь подразделяется на два модуса. При использовании градуаторов с повышенной степенью наличия признака акцентируется внимание на соответствии своей партии идеализированной когнитивной модели имиджа или на несоответствии партии оппонентов данной модели. Использование градуаторов с недостаточной степенью наличия признака перемещает фокус с несоответствия своей собственной партии идеализированной когнитивной модели имиджа или «затемняет» полное соответствие конкурентов этой модели имиджа. Доказывается, что формирование смысла градуальности, усиление или уменьшение степени признака связано с когнитивными механизмами фокусирования и дефокусирования, которые являются средством воздействия на общественное сознание. The article analyzes the grading indicators that affect the creation of a political party’s image and allow politicians to design their verbal behavior in such a way as to expose the activities of their party in the best light, and criticize and question the policies pursued by political opponents. Grading words are considered as operators of image-supporting or image-disturbing processes, combining concepts such as “scale”, “norm” and “quantity”. The idealized cognitive model (ICM) of the image, which represents the idea of a positive image of the party and its members, developed over a long period of time, and is present in the minds of most carriers of a certain linguistic culture, acts as a norm on the basis of which the speaker grades the qualities and characteristics of his opponents. We define grading words as unchangeable lexical units, i.e. units that do not have inflections: adverbs of measure and degree, particles, conjunctions, interjections. On the other hand, the measurement relation can express the speaker's attitude to the s ubject of speech also using various lexical, derivational, morphological or syntactic means. In the study, the grading words are divided into those with an emphasized or weakened presence of the semantic sign. Each category, in turn, is subdivided into two modes. Grading words with an emphasized degree of the presence of a feature focus attention on the conformity of their party to the ICM image or on the discrepancy between the party of opponents and he ICM image. Grading words with an insufficient degree of presence of a feature shift the focus from the discrepancy between their own party and the ICM image or "obscure" the full compliance of competitors with the ICM image. It is proved that the formation of a sense of gradation, an increase or decrease in the degree of a feature, is associated with the cognitive mechanisms of focusing and defocusing, which are a means of influencing public consciousness.
40
Evans, Nicholas, and Stephen C. Levinson. "With diversity in mind: Freeing the language sciences from Universal Grammar." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (October 2009): 472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990525.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOur response takes advantage of the wide-ranging commentary to clarify some aspects of our original proposal and augment others. We argue against the generative critics of our coevolutionary program for the language sciences, defend the use of close-to-surface models as minimizing cross-linguistic data distortion, and stress the growing role of stochastic simulations in making generalized historical accounts testable. These methods lead the search for general principles away from idealized representations and towards selective processes. Putting cultural evolution central in understanding language diversity makes learning fundamental in the cognition of language: increasingly powerful models of general learning, paired with channelled caregiver input, seem set to manage language acquisition without recourse to any innate “universal grammar.” Understanding why human language has no clear parallels in the animal world requires a cross-species perspective: crucial ingredients are vocal learning (for which there are clear non-primate parallels) and an intention-attributing cognitive infrastructure that provides a universal base for language evolution. We conclude by situating linguistic diversity within a broader trend towards understanding human cognition through the study of variation in, for example, human genetics, neurocognition, and psycholinguistic processing.
41
Góral, Michał, and Juani Guerra. "A COGNITIVE-CONCEPTUAL MAPPING OF THE HUMAN ELEMENT IN ORTEGA Y GASSET´S ESSAY LA DESHUMANIZACIÓN DEL ARTE (1925). TOWARDS A BIOPOETIC APPROACH1." Acta Neophilologica 1, no. XIX (June 1, 2017): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.685.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to map cognitive dynamics of meaning constructionin Spanish language as articulated in Ortega y Gasset’s philosophical essay Ladeshumanización del arte / The Dehumanization of Art [1925]. We will focus on howthe human element is conceptualized, i.e., created and understood by the author. Ourmethod is based on the application of cognitive models of conceptual analysis foundin Cognitive Linguistics known as Idealized Cognitive Models – ICMs [Lakoff & Johnson1980] like Image Schema, Metaphor, Metonymy, and their developments as conceptualblends in Conceptual Integration Theory – CIT [Fauconnier & Turner 2002].The high philosophical complexity of this text’s nuclear conceptual structure HUMANand DEHUMANIZATION makes it necessary to initially map them from theoreticallyestablished cognitive approaches to language organization. In this paper we developsuch analysis as groundwork for a subsequent study involving a more dynamicist viewof their emergent meanings in the framework of Biopoetics [Guerra 2013, 2016].
42
Bachman, Christine, and Leonard Bachman. "Self-identity, rationalisation and cognitive dissonance in undergraduate architectural design learning." Architectural Research Quarterly 13, no. 3-4 (December 2009): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135510000163.
Full textAbstract:
This theoretical paper addresses the persistence of architecture students in undergraduate design learning despite the considerable sacrifices that this frequently entails, and proposes a framework for some of the mechanisms that explain students' diligence in their love-hate relationship with the design studio. Such love-hate association is poorly understood, but is clearly a pervasive dilemma in architecture education. The proposed model includes a number of cognitive mechanisms that students may use to reconcile their idealised and romanticised self-image with the incoherent sacrifices of design studio.
43
Zheni, Thouraya. "Factive vs. Ideological Knowledge in Political Discourse." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p36.
Full textAbstract:
Since political discourse portrays politicians’ knowledge state and their ideological assumptions, a critical analysis of Clinton’s speeches may unveil her perceptual and conceptual worlds. More specifically, CDA may uncover Clinton’s mental representations about the Tunisian Revolution and the US attitude towards such an important political event in North Africa and the Middle East. Studying factive presupposition and epistemic modality seems to be an effective pragmatic tool to reveal what is presented as factual or ideological knowledge in political discourse. The research instrument used to sort out the frequency distribution of lexical features, mainly factive and emotive verbs, factive noun phrases, mental state verbs and epistemic modal adjectives and adverbs, is the latest version of “AntConc” software. To uncover the epistemic state of Hillary Clinton, van Dijk’s (1995a) approach is implemented to analyze her speeches between January 2011 and December 2012. At the discourse level, research findings reveal that factive presupposition unveils the speaker’s strong personal commitment to the truth value of her propositions. At the cognitive level, results show that the speaker’s personal and social ideologies and knowledge are demystified by the cognitive mechanisms that govern discourse production and understanding via Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs), cognitive frames and mental models. This study bridges the gap caused by the lack of research on factive vs. ideological knowledge in political discourse from a socio-cognitive perspective.
44
Samaržija, Hana. "Epistemological implications of neuroarchitecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 10, no. 3 (2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1802143s.
Full textAbstract:
This article will attempt to explain how the spatial characteristics of built environments affect both the cognitive processes of producing knowledge and the epistemic quality of other doxastic states. Recent discussions in philosophy and the social sciences have been vocal about the changing dynamics of contemporary life. As clouded boundaries between labor and leisure make individuals spend most of their time in built environments, personal experiences of space, buildings, and interiors are becoming a decisive factor in self-perception and cognition. These circumstances have encouraged the advent of a new scientific field: neuro-architecture, a branch of functional design supported by neurological brain scanning technologies and the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain's capacity to change its structure along our behavior and surroundings. After articulating neuro-architecture's ambition to define spaces most suitable for promoting positive emotions, good health, and intellectual agility, the article will critically assess its epistemological implications and its potentially unfavorable impact on architectural aesthetic autonomy. This intrusion of natural sciences into the ostensibly artistic domain of architecture bears certain similarities to the tension between traditional analytic philosophy - which was preoccupied with idealized models of intellectual practices and mental processes - and scientific insights into human cognition, perhaps best illustrated by the mind-brain identity theory.
45
Ruytenbeek, Nicolas. "Current issues in the ontology and form of directive speech acts." International Review of Pragmatics 11, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 200–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01102101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A general issue in pragmatics concerns the definitions of speech act (SA) types. Cognitive linguists agree that a directive SA involves a speaker exerting a force towards her addressee’s (A) performance of some action, and the subtypes of directives have been approached in terms of a metaphorical grounding based on force image-schemas. These idealized cognitive models include graded features, the values and the centrality of which differ across directive subtypes. I address the relationship between the form of utterances used as directives and the ontology of directives, and I discuss recent experiments supporting a view of SA s as graded categories. I show that these approaches enable adopting an empirically adequate distinction between the levels of pragmatic meaning and semantic meaning, which raises interesting possibilities for further experimental work on speech act recognition in cognitive linguistics.
46
Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco José, and Cristina Pascual Aransáez. "Conceptual schemas as propositional idealized cognitive models : in search of a unified framework for the analysis of knowledge organization." Cuadernos de Investigación Filológica 23 (December 20, 1998): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cif.2418.
Full text
47
Cairns, David E., Roland J. Baddeley, and Leslie S. Smith. "Constraints on Synchronizing Oscillator Networks." Neural Computation 5, no. 2 (March 1993): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.2.260.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the constraints placed on some synchronized oscillator models by their underlying dynamics. Phase response graphs are used to determine the phase locking behaviors of three oscillator models. These results are compared with idealized phase response graphs for single phase and multiple phase systems. We find that all three oscillators studied are best suited to operate in a single phase system and that the requirements placed on oscillatory models for operation in a multiple phase system are not compatible with the underlying dynamics of oscillatory behavior for these types of oscillator models.
48
Lakhvich, Todar. "MODELLING IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION: THE WAY TO GET THE BETTER RESULTS IN REAL THROUGH THE USE OF AN IDEALIZED UNDERSTANDING." Journal of Baltic Science Education 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/17.16.04.
Full textAbstract:
The initial period of Science was almost completely empirical. Both Science itself and Science Education were based on the experiment. Then Science gained the new paradigm which was rather formal by nature and fundamental in methodological meaning. Still the tool for interconversion between the empiric and theoretical moieties seems to be the core point of the consideration and can be associated with the problem of modeling, which is one of the most important in modern Science. Earlier we postulated (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009; Lakhvich, 2010) that adequate modelling and visualization in particular is to be the core element for the modern Educational model and paradigm for Science. A great number of publications, devoting to the problem, confirm dramatically its relevance. Still the discussion in many aspects manifested the initial stage of the recognition, models mostly being discussed in terms of object recognition and computational modeling. We consider the category of modelling is more comprehensive and can be discussed in various aspects, some of them are all-pervading philosophy principle (Harnad, 1987), psychological tool for cognition (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009) and finally the model having for Science its own complex structure.
49
Silvestre-López, Antonio José. "Metáfora y metonimia en la construcción del espacio conceptual y lingüístico en la práctica de la atención plena." Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.adel.4.2.2016.1400.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio de la experiencia del ser y de la consciencia no es nada nuevo; los conceptos tratados en este artículo, tampoco. Su aportación más relevante pretende ser la propuesta de un modelo de representación de parte de esta experiencia (esto es, la percibida mediante la práctica de la atención plena) a través de parámetros básicos, establecidos y reconocidos dentro del paradigma cognitivo. Partiendo de la perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva, se presenta lo que se denomina el ‘Modelo Cognitivo Idealizado (MCI) de la contemplación’, cuya estructura se describe con la ayuda de ejemplos extraídos de un corpus que compila la producción lingüística de instructores y principiantes en cursos de formación en atención plena. Concretamente, el artículo introduce primero el espacio que se crea en el practicante y que posibilita la percepción de los fenómenos a observar durante los periodos de atención consciente; tras ello propone y describe, a través del mencionado MCI, la integración de estructura preconceptual y conceptual que permite experimentar este ‘escenario de observación’ y captar los fenómenos que en él acontecen. El artículo concluye con una serie de consideraciones sobre los datos en él manejados, así como diversas líneas de investigación derivadas de la aquí presentada y sus aplicaciones en diferentes campos.
50
Pérez Hernández, Lorena. "Cognitive grounding for cross-cultural commercial communication." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 203–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0015.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractInternationally recognized brands are an increasingly essential asset for present-day companies. This paper takes a cognitive perspective on the semantics of commercial brands (and their related logos), and explores the role of image schemas in endowing them with a cross-culturally significant core meaning. Two surveys were carried out among speakers of four different languages (i.e., English, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic) in relation to the logos of several car categories (minis, family cars, 4 × 4s, and sports cars) and a limited set of image schemas (CONTAINER, FORCE, and ATTRIBUTE). The analysis of the results reveals a consistent correlation between the participants' semantic interpretation of the car brands, and the basic meanings deriving from the image schemas included in their logos. The outcome of the surveys also points to the existence of potential constraints on the universal reach of image-schematic-based communication. These limitations emerge either from the combination of image schemas with additional idealized cultural models, or from the use of specific richer configurations of the image-schematic visual cues at work. In this connection, the present study explores the inventory of visual configurations available for the representation of the image schemas under scrutiny, assesses their universal significance, and raises awareness about differences in the cross-cultural communicative effectiveness of the various layouts of a given image-schematic cue.