Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Identification des paramètres de position'
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Afsharnia, Saeed. "Contrôle vectoriel des machines synchrones à aimants permanents : identification des paramètres et minimisation des ondulations de couple." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_AFSHARNIA_S.pdf.
Full textCouvertier, Marien. "Identification des paramètres inertiels segmentaires humains." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2323/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the identification of body segment inertial parameters (BSIP), i.e. the segment mass, center of mass location and inertia tensor. Those ten parameters per segment are a mandatory input for inverse kinetics methods which are widely used in biomechanics studies. Despite the fact that methods exist to estimate them from anthropometric tables or segment volumes measurements, identification is useful when subjects are atypical (such as disabled people, pregnant women or athletes with muscular hypertrophies). The originality of this work is to use a mixed approach to write the identification problem, combining a vectorial and a matrix formulations of rigid multi-body motion equations, based on previous work did in the RoBioSS axis by Tony Monnet during his PhD. The first one permit to identify segmental masses and center of mass locations. The second one identifies segmental inertia tensors.Inputs of identification algorithm are rotation matrices, their second derivatives, segmental accelerations, and external torsor. Even though this external torsor is directly measured with a force plate, the others inputs are derived from kinematics measurements performed by an optoelectronical device. This device measures kinematics with skin mounted markers tracked by cameras, and the obtained kinematics deviate from the theoretical kinematics of rigid bodies, because of the soft tissues artefacts. In order to deal with these artefacts an optimal rotation matrix computation, based on material transformation, has been performed.Also, noise appears during measurement because of the soft tissues artefacts and the measure device. When double numerical derivatives are applied, this noise becomes greater than the carrier signal. In order to deal with it, five filters, i.e. Butterworth filter, Savitsky-Golay smoothing, sliding average window, spline smoothing and singular spectrum analysis, taken from literature have been implemented and compared. Results show that BSIP identify from vectorial formulation didn’t need any filtering. On the other hand, inertia tensors identification needed smoothed inputs and the best way to smooth them was the sliding average window.Finally, a kinematic chain model of the upper limb has been implemented to rigidify the kinematics. Preliminary results aren’t satisfying but the chain model can be improved before assuming kinematic chain aren’t well suited to enhance BSIP identification. Ultimately, the developed mixed approach has been validated by upper limb inertial parameters identification of eighteen subjects. Identified inertial parameters have also been compared with ones estimated with an anthropometric table. The conclusion is that the identified parameters were very close to the estimated ones, which shows that identification will be reliable to estimate inertial parameters of atypical subjects for whom anthropometric tables aren’t available
Venture, Gentiane. "Identification des paramètres dynamiques d'une voiture." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2106.
Full textThe modelling is based on the modified Denavit-Hartenberg geometric description, which is commonly used in robotics. The car is considered as a tree structure multi body system, where the four wheels are the terminal links. This description allows calculating automatically the symbolic expression of the geometric, kinematics and dynamic models by using robotics techniques or even by using a symbolic software package like SYMORO+. Such a model allows us calculating the inverse dynamic model, which is linear with respect to the dynamic parameters. The identificaion is performed with a weighted least squares method. Models are testing in simulation then with a real car. The identification is realized with common tests with a car equipped with different sensors. Most of the dynamic parameters of the chassis can be identified (inertia matrix, centre of mass position and mass), and also the dynamic parameters of the suspensions, anti-roll bar and vertical stiffness of the tires
Visa, Codrut Ion Alin. "Commande non linéaire et observateurs : application à la MRV en grande vitesse." Metz, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004METZ026S.
Full textThis work deals with the closed loop control of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) used for high speed machining. The principle of operation of a 6/2 SRM and its model are firstly presented. The design of a performant and robust control law depends on the knowledge of the SRM model parameters. Sensorless position parameters identification has allowed to obtain the electromagnetic characteristic and the mechanical parameters. Hydrodynamic and aerodynamic friction phenomena have been highlighted. The highly nonlinear character of the SRM makes the control difficult. The closed loop control of the SRM running at low speed showed the interest of using the feedback linearizing control technique. However at high speed, several specific problems limit the drive performances in the closed loop. The main aspects of a high speed running SRM have been analysed through the results of the simulations of feedback linearizing voltage and current control law. When the position information is available, an unknown input observer has been developed and experimented. In order to tackle the lack of a performant position sensor at high speed, a nonlinear reduced order observer has been studied. Finally, a real time control system has been realized in order to test the control laws. Real time Linux (RTAI) operating system combined with the data acquisition boards have allowed to obtain 10s sampling frequency behavior of the control system. The graphical interface and data acquisition are executed by distinct processors
Raucent, Benoit. "Identification des paramètres dynamiques des robots manipulateurs." Université catholique de Louvain, 1990. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-07182006-153745/.
Full textGavrus, Adinel. "Identification automatique des paramètres rhéologiques par analyse inverse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00733884.
Full textHarb, Nizar. "Identification inverse de paramètres biomécaniques en hyperélasticité anisotrope." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879257.
Full textDouillet, Pascal. "Identification de paramètres océaniques par une méthode inverse." Rennes, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAR0001.
Full textHeleine, Jérémy. "Identification de paramètres électromagnétiques par imagerie micro-ondes." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0013.
Full textIn this thesis, we study, from a theoretical and numerical point of view, the microwave imaging. Mathematically, it is about solving an inverse problem: reconstruct the dielectric coefficients (permittivity and conductivity) inside a material or tissue from boundary measurements of the electric field. This problem is modeled by time-harmonic Maxwell's equations for the electric field for which we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the case of mix boundary conditions. We are particularly interested in the reconstruction of perturbations in the refractive index of the medium. The index of the healthy medium is assumed to be known and, with the help of boundary measurements on the studied object, we define the perturbed field and try to find the perturbations. In order to understand their influence on the electric field, we lead a sensitivity analysis of Maxwell's equations. The numerical study of this sensitivity analysis led to results used to develop a reconstruction algorithm of the perturbations supports. We then study the Cauchy problem, to solve a uniqueness result with partial data. We are also interested in the numerical resolution of this problem to answer the question of the boundary data completion: from partial measurements, we deduce the total data. The inverse problem is finally studied as the minimization of a functional to reconstruct the amplitude of the searched inhomogeneities
Riahi, Mohamed Hédi. "Identification de paramètres hydrogéologiques dans un milieu poreux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066741/document.
Full textWe identify simultaneously storage and hydraulic transmissivity coefficients in groundwater flow governed by a linear parabolic equation. Both parameters are assumed to be functions piecewise constant in space. The unknowns are the coefficient values as well as the geometry of the zones where these coefficients are constant. This problem is formulated as minimizing a least-square function calculating the difference between measurements and the corresponding quantities computed with the current parameters values. The main point of this work is to construct an adaptative parameterization technique guided by refinement indicators. Using refinement indicators, we build the parameterization iteratively, going from a one zone parametrization to a parametrization with $m$ zones where $m$ is an optimal value to identify. We distinguish the cases where the two parameters have the same parameterization and different parameterizations.\\ To improve the resolution of the inverse problem, we incorporate a posteriori error estimations
Nguyen, Phuong Chi. "Identification de paramètres dans la fabrication de matériaux composites." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635365.
Full textDe, Lara Jayme Salvador Carlos. "Identification des paramètres des machines électriques à courant alternatif." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT009H.
Full textMartin, del Campo Barba Sandra. "Identification des paramètres d'authenticité du lait et produits laitiers." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0023.
Full textViliesid, Miguel. "Identification des paramètres d'inertie d'un système corps rigide-suspension." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2004.
Full textMartin, del Campo Barba Sandra Teresita. "Identification des paramètres d'authenticité du lait et des produits laitiers." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002659.
Full textNifa, Naoufal. "Solveurs performants pour l'optimisation sous contraintes en identification de paramètres." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC066/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at designing efficient numerical solution methods to solve linear systems, arising in constrained optimization problems in some structural dynamics and vibration applications (test-analysis correlation, model error localization,hybrid model, damage assessment, etc.). These applications rely on solving inverse problems, by means of minimization of an energy-based functional. This latter involves both data from a numerical finite element model and from experimental tests, which leads to high quality models, but the associated linear systems, that have a saddle-point coefficient matrices, are long and costly to solve. We propose two different classes of methods to deal with these problems. First, a direct factorization method that takes advantage of the special structures and properties of these saddle point matrices. The Gaussian elimination factorization is implemented in order to factorize the saddle point matrices block-wise with small blocks of orders 2 and using a fill-in reducing topological ordering. We obtain significant gains in memory cost (up to 50%) due to enhanced factors sparsity in comparison to literature. The second class is based on a double projection of the generated saddle point system onto the nullspace of the constraints. The first projection onto the kinematic constraints is proposed as an explicit process through the computation of a sparse null basis. Then, we detail the application of a constraint preconditioner within a Krylov subspace solver, as an implicit second projection of the system onto the nullspace of the sensors constraints. We further present and compare different approximations of the constraint preconditioner. The approach is implemented in a parallel distributed environment using the PETSc library. Significant gains in computational cost and memory are illustrated on several industrial applications
El, Moulabbi Kamel. "Identification d'un système biochimique : réalisation d'un logiciel d'estimation des paramètres." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD949.
Full textSmail, Mohamed. "Identification des paramètres des structures vibrantes dans le domaine temporel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0354.
Full textBoubanga, Antoine. "Identification de paramètres de comportement à partir de l'essai pressiométrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0015.
Full textGartner, Nicolas. "Identification de paramètres hydrodynamiques par simulation avec Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0004.
Full textThis thesis focuses on techniques that allows the simulation of dynamic interactions between an underwater vehicle and the surrounding water. The main objective is to propose a satisfactory solution to be able to test control algorithms and hull shapes for underwater vehicles upstream of the design process. In those cases, it would be interesting to be able to simulate solid and fluid dynamics at the same time. The idea developed in this thesis is to use the Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique, which is very recent, and which models the fluid as a set of particles without mesh. In order to validate the simulation results a first study has been performed with a hydrodynamic pendulum. This study allowed the development of an innovative method for estimating the hydrodynamic parameters (friction forces and added mass) which is more robust than previous existing methods when it is necessary to use numerical derivatives of the measured signal. Then, the use of two types of SPH solver: Weakly Compressible SPH and Incompressible SPH, is validated following the validation approach proposed in this thesis. Firstly, the behaviour of the fluid alone is studied, secondly, a hydrostatic case, and finally a dynamic case. The use of two methods for modelling the fluid-solid interaction: the pressure mirroring method and the extrapolation method is studied. The ability to reach a limit velocity due to friction forces is demonstrated. The results of the hydrodynamic parameters estimation from simulation tests are finally discussed. The simulated added mass of the solid approaches reality, but the friction forces currently seem not to correspond to reality. Possible improvements to overcome this problem are proposed
Padilla, Arturo. "Identification récursive de systèmes continus à paramètres variables dans le temps." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0119/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the identification of dynamic systems represented through continuous-time linear models with slowly time-varying parameters. The complexity of the identification problem comes on the one hand from the unknown character of the parameter variations and on the other hand from the presence of noises of unknown nature on the measured signals. The proposed solutions rely on a judicious combination of the Kalman filter assuming that the variations of the parameters can be represented in the form of a random walk, and the method of the instrumental variable which has the advantage of being robust with respect to the nature of the measurement noises. The recursive algorithms are developed in an open-loop and closed-loop identification setting. The different variants are distinguished by the way in which the instrumental variable is built. Inspired by the solution developed for time-invariant linear systems, an adaptive construction of the instrumental variable is suggested in order to be able to follow the evolution of the parameters as well as possible. The performance of the developed methods are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and show the supremacy of the proposed solutions based on the instrumental variable compared with the more classical least squares based approaches. The practical aspects and implementation issues are of paramount importance to obtain a good performance when these estimators are used. These aspects are studied in detail and several solutions are proposed not only to robustify the estimators with respect to the choice of hyperparameters but also with respect to their numerical implementation. The algorithms developed have enhanced the functions of the CONTSID toolbox for Matlab. Finally, the developed estimators are considered in order to track parameters of two physical systems: a benchmark available in the literature consisting of a bandpass electronic filter and a throttle valve equipping the car engines. Both applications show the potential of the proposed approaches to track physical parameters that vary slowly over time
Perez, Sylvie. "Identification et homogénéisation de paramètres dans des équations aux dérivées partielles." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3016.
Full textHayek, Mohamed. "Identification de paramètres par approche inverse pour une équation de diffusion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13060.
Full textNumerous processes modeled by partial differential equations, particularly the spatially-distributed ones, need parameters that are a priori unknown. Most of these parameters cannot be measured directly due to prohibitive costs or because the relevant scale of measure is unknown or incompatible with the addressed problem. In this general framework, inverse approaches become a key step to clever modeling. This work revisits the inverse problem and atavistic difficulties associated with spatially distributed models. From both theoretical and numerical standpoints, a major difficulty is to define the parameter space in which a solution is sought. This definition, also referred to as parameterization if commonly handled by means of sub-areas of the modeled domain over which the parameter is constant in each zone but different between zones. Then two possibilities arise : in the first-one, the geometry of the sub-areas is predefined, in the second-one, the zoning is an unknown of the inverse problem. The second way has been explored in this work and an algorithm has been developed using "refining indicators" to design the geometry as well as the parameter value in each zone. A new form of indicator is also developed to reduce computation costs
Ngnepieba, Pierre. "Assimilation de données et identification de paramètres : une application en hydrologie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10243.
Full textZinszner, Jean-Luc. "Identification des paramètres matériau gouvernant les performances de céramiques à blindage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0337/document.
Full textSince the sixties, ceramics are commonly used as armour materials. Indeed, thanks to their interesting physical and mechanical properties, they allow a significant weight benefit in comparison to monolithic steel plate armours. However, the microstructure of the ceramic may have a strong influence on its penetration resistance. Based on characterisation tests and on the use of four silicon carbide grades, this work aims to highlight the links between the microstructure and the ballistic efficiency. Experimental compressive and spalling tests are based on the use of the GEPI device. For studying the compressive dynamic behaviour, it allows using the lagrangian analysis method and characterising the yield strength of the material. For studying the tensile dynamic behaviour, it allows assessing the strain-rate sensitivity of the spall strength. An analysis of the fragmentation process is performed based on Edge-On Impact tests. Moreover, an innovating impact test on fragmented ceramics has been designed and performed. The different experimental results allow a better understanding of the influence of the ceramic microstructure on its behaviour under the different loadings. All the experimental data have been compared to numerical results allowing validating the constitutive models. The DFH (Denoual-Forquin-Hild) damage model of brittle materials showed very good capacities to simulate the tensile dynamic behaviour of ceramics (spalling and fragmentation)
Li, Nan. "Identification des paramètres mécaniques de plaque sandwich cousue par essais vibratoires." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2361.
Full textThe sandwich structures are well known for their high bending stiffness. This type of structure is also capable of including acoustic and thermal functionalities. However, they also have weaknesses such as the connection between the faceplate and the core and the weakness in the transverse direction due to the property of the core. The core is usually made of soft materials like foam for acoustic functionality. To overcome these weaknesses, it is possible to connect the different layers of the sandwich by transverse stitches. This is the concept of ‘stitched sandwich’. The stitch will deeply change the behavior of the structure and complicate the determination of its properties. The objective of this thesis is to identify the properties of the constituents of the stitched sandwich in situ. These properties are essential to simulate the behavior of this type of composite material under static or dynamic excitation. The identification of the properties of the constituents by mechanical tests is difficult for various reasons: the heterogeneity makes it complex to extract representative specimen; the behaviors of the constituents may change in non-in-situ tests; several different types of mechanical test, such as tensile-compression and torsion, are necessary to determine all the engineering constants in the case of orthotropic material which is common for composite materials. To overcome all these difficulties, we propose in this thesis a dynamic identification method conducted on the structure (the whole plate for example). Compared to mechanical test which is based on a sample, this method takes into account the heterogeneity and complexity of the structure. This method is based on the correlation between the vibration test and a finite element model of stitched sandwich. The parameters are identified by minimizing a cost function which can measure the gap between the experimental frequencies and the calculated frequencies. The correspondence of experimental mode and calculated mode is guaranteed by MAC (Modal Assurance Criterion). Before the optimization, we propose firstly a sensitivity analysis to classify the parameters according to their importance. Then the identification process is only conducted on a reduced number of parameters. We have applied this dynamic identification method to both a stitched sandwich beam and a stitched sandwich plate. 9 parameters of different constituents are identified in the case of plate. In the second part of this thesis, based on the theorem of Floquet-Bloch, we have profited from the periodic characteristic of the stitched sandwich structures in two aspects: in the numerical aspect, the periodicity has served to reduce the calculation of forced response of periodic structure; in the physical aspect, we have studied the stop band of stitched structures
Ouladsine, Mustapha. "Identification des systèmes dynamiques multi-variables." Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0209_OULADSINE.pdf.
Full textRochdi, Youssef. "Identification des systèmes non linéaires blocs." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2080.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of identifying nonlinear systems based on bloc models. Two types of models are considered, those of Hammerstein and those of Wiener. Most of previous solutions have been designed under restrictive constraints regarding the nonlinear element of the model. This has been usually supposed to be smooth (or even polynomial), invertible and memoryless. In the case of Hammerstein systems, an identification scheme is designed with no assumptions on the nonlinear element except that it is memoryless and L-stable. The proposed scheme determines exactly the parameters of the linear subsystem and a set of points of the nonlinear subsystem. This scheme is then adapted to the case where the structure of the nonlinear element is known. Then, the focus is particularly made on piecewise affine discontinuous nonlinearities. Then, memory nonlinear elements, of the (unsaturated) hysteresis and hysteresis-relay type, are considered and coped with building up an identification scheme for which consistence results are achieved in presence of disturbances that can be assimilated to white noise that affects the output. The last part of this report is centred on the identification of Wiener systems whose nonlinear element is not necessarily invertible. Two identification schemes are constructed, to deal with this problem, and shown to be consistent in the same conditions as previously concerning the disturbances. The persistent excitation requirement plays a central role in this thesis. The different identification schemes are given this property through impulse type input signals
Pages, Anne. "Identification de paramètres et réconciliation de données simultanées dans l'environnement d'un simulateur." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT047G.
Full textZhang, Jiantong. "Estimation non paramétrique par réseaux de neurones pour des processus et estimation de paramètres de position." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066485.
Full textDufour, John-Eric. "Mesures de forme, de déplacement, et de paramètres mécaniques parstéréo-corrélation d’images isogéométrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN004/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to measurement of 3D shapes, 3D kinematic fields on surfaces and identification of mechanical properties from digital image correlation measurements. This optical method uses cameras as measurement tools. For this reason, a study of the classical camera models used is performed and the description of the digitalization of an image from a continuous to a discrete formalism using the pixel is described. A specific work is dedicated to optical distortions and a method based on digital image correlation to evaluate these distortions is developped.A new method for 3D shapes and 3D displacement fields on surfaces using stereo-correlation is introduced. A numerical description of the observed object is used as a support to perform the correlation. This method lead to a global approach to stereo-correlation. It can be rewrite in a generic case or in particular to be applied to NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) surfaces. The displacement fields is therefore expressed in a NURBS formalism which is completely consistent with the geometrical model used to described the observed shape. Measurements are validated using prescribed motions on a Bezier patch. The feasibility of such a technique in several industrial cases is then studied with for example the measurement of the displacement of a composite part of a landing gear under mechanical loading.Finally, from this isogeometric formulation of full-field measurement, a study of the identification of elastic properties is performed. Two methods inspired from existing approaches are proposed, using full-field measurement and numerical simulations in a common isogeometric formalism to identify parameters of an isotropic linear elastic constitutive law on a both a numerical test case and a uniaxial tensile test
Jubien, Anthony. "Identification dynamique des robots à flexibilités articulaires." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f6f60215-c628-4adc-b6f8-bda76fb14f34.
Full textThis work is the result of collaboration between IRCCyN and ONERA on dynamic identification of robots with joint flexibilities, used for example in new applications for collaborative robotics. The usual identification technique in robotics requires the actual data of motor positions and the actual data of elastic deformations, which are usually not available in industrial robots. Recently, a new technique called DIDIM (Direct and Inverse Dynamic Identification Models), which uses only the data of motor torques, has been proposed and validated on rigid robots. This thesis proposes an extension of DIDIM, which uses no actual position data at all, to the case of robots with joint flexibilities. First, a comparative study on a rigid 6-axis robot with 61 parameters, shows the superiority of DIDIM over a conventional method CLOE (Closed- Loop Output Error) in position: DIDIM converges 100 times faster and is strongly more robust with respect to errors in the initial conditions. Second, DIDIM is extended to robots with joint flexibilities in a three steps procedure: a rigid model identification at low frequencies, an approximated identification of the flexible mode and of the inertia of each side of the flexibility, and finally the overall accurate identification of the full flexible dynamic model. A first experimental validation is performed on a test bench robot with one joint and one flexibility. A second validation in simulation on the 7 axes Kuka Light Weight Robot shows the effectiveness of DIDIM applied to industrial robots with joint flexibilities, in the case where the actual control law is known
Meissonier, Julien. "Identification des paramètres géométriques et élastocinématiques de mécanismes de liaison au sol automobile." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702270.
Full textTekitek, Mohamed Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Full textLa première partie introduit et analyse la méthode.
La deuxième partie décrit une approche variationnelle pour l'assimilation de paramètres relatifs à la méthode du gaz de Boltzmann sur réseau. Une méthode adjointe discrète en temps est développée. L'algorithme est d'abord testé sur un écoulement de type Poiseuille linéaire (problème de Stokes), puis il est appliqué à un problème non linéaire. Des résultats encourageants sont obtenus pour un et deux paramètres inconnus.
Finalement la troisième partie décrit une adaptation des couches absorbantes de Bérenger. Il en résulte un modèle d'automate de Boltzmann à neuf vitesses discrètes. Une analyse des ondes réfléchies est ensuite réalisée entre deux milieux de Boltzmann à une dimension, ce qui permet d'obtenir un équivalent des formules de Fresnel pour les schémas de Boltzmann et de proposer des modifications du schéma à l'interface pour annuler les ondes réfléchies. En deux dimensions, la même analyse d'ondes réfléchies met en évidence l'apparition de modes de Knudsen et des ondes transverses qui rendent l'analyse complexe.
Liacu, Raluca. "Identification de systèmes linéaires à paramètres variant : différentes approches et mises en oeuvre." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0018/document.
Full textThe identification system is a topic widely used both in the academic world and industry. Several methods of identification of time invariant systems exist in literature and many algorithms are used in practice for modeling real systems. These tools offer satisfactory results, but they are not able to reproduce the non-linearity occurring in the behavior of physical systems. The necessity of more has led to the occurrence of the class of linear systems parameter varying (LPV), able to model the nonlinear system aspects. In this thesis, different classical identification methods have been studied and their structures were modified, in order to take into account the LPV models. First, a study of representations and discretization of LPV models was performed. In the sequel, the prediction error methods have been studied and modified in order to take into account LPV models. This method was used to identify the lateral behavior of a vehicle, considering the speed of the vehicle as varying parameter. The prediction error method has also been applied to model a Buck converter, the behavior of which is sensitive to the changes of load resistance, the considered varying parameter. The study was continued with the design of a H_∞ LPV control law, applied to the converter. Finally, subspace methods were studied, modified for LPV models and applied to identify the lateral behavior of a vehicle
Meissonnier, Julien. "Identification des paramètres géométriques et élastocinématiques de mécanismes de liaison au sol automobile." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/70/22/70/PDF/2006CLF21677.pdf.
Full textLe, Brizaut Jean-Sébastien. "Identification et commande d'un système à paramètres repartis modélisant un processus de vulcanisation." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2028.
Full textRoukbi, Abdelghani. "Identification et approximation numérique de paramètres physiques pour un système parabolique semi-linéaire." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10100.
Full textTekitek, Mohamed-Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Paris 11, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three parts. Firstly a study of Lattice Boltzmann scheme (LBE) is performed. Then Adjoint Lattice Boltzmann scheme (ALBE) is introduced for parameters identification. Finally a new Lattice Boltzmann scheme (BRB) is proposed to modelise B\'erenger's Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method. The first part introduces and analyzes the LBE method. The second part describes a variational approach for parameters identification adapted to LBE. A time discrete adjoint method is developed. At first the ALBE method is applied to Stokes' problem and then to a nonlinear problem. Good results have been obtained in the cases of one or tow unknown parameters. Finally the third part describes an adaptation of PML for LBE. The LB scheme is obtained with 9 discretes velocities. An analysis of reflected waves between two one dimensional LB media is performed. It provides us an equivalent for the Fresnel formula for LBE interface. That gives us same ideas to modify the LB scheme at the interface to vanish reflected waves. In the two dimensional case, the same analysis of reflected waves shows the existence of Knudsen modes and transverse waves, which make the analysis more difficult
Courdavault, Sophie. "Identification de paramètres biologiques, lésions de l'ADN, représentatifs de la photoprotection chez l'Homme." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10122.
Full textSOLAR ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION IS NOW WELL KNOWN TO BE AT THE ORIGIN OF THE MAJORITY OF SKIN CANCERS. THE PRESENT WORK WAS INTERESTED lN THE EFFECTS OF UVA AND UVB ON HUMAN CUTANEOUS CELLS: FIBROBLASTS AND KERATINOCYTES. FIRST, UVB, BY DIRECT EFFECT ON DNA, INDUCES, BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT PYRIMIDINES BASES, THE FORMATION OF CYCLOBUTANE DIMERS (CPDS) OR (6-4) PHOTOPRODUCTS "6-4)PPS). LN THE OTHER HAND, UVA EXHIBITS AN INDIRECT EFFECT ON DNA, THROUGH THE EXCITATION OF ENDOGEN PHOTOSENSITIZERS. WE STUDIED THE FORMATION AND THE REPAIR OF DNA LESIONS INDUCED BY THESE TWO TYPES OF UV RADIATION; lN ADDITION, WE CORRELATED THE REPAIR OF THESE LESIONS WITH SOME CELLULAR RESPONSES, lN PARTICULAR PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS. THE CONCLUSION OF THIS STUDY IS THAT WHATEVER THE SOURCE OF RADIATION AND WHATEVER THE CELLULAR MODE L, THE MAJOR LESIONS INDUCED ARE CYCLOBUTANE DIMERS; THESE PERSISTENT LESIONS DO NOT PREVENT PROLIFERATION AFTER CELL CYCLE ARREST. LN ADDITION, APOPTOSIS DOES NOT ELiMINATE ALL HEAVIL Y DAMAGE UVBIRRADIATED KERATINOCYTES. CONTRARY TO FIBROBLASTS WHICH ARE LESS RESISTANT AND EVENTUALL Y DIE AS A LONG TERM CONSEQUENCE OF IRRADIATION, KERATINOCYTES ARE ABLE TO FORM COLONIES WHILE HIGH LEVELS OF CPDS ARE STILL OBSERVED lN THEIR GENOME. THESE RESUL TS UNDERLINE THE ROLE OF CPDS lN MUTAGENESIS AND THEIR INTEREST AS BIOMARKERS lN PHOTOPROTECTION
Bashtova, Kateryna. "Modélisation et identification de paramètres pour les empreintes des faisceaux de haute énergie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4112/document.
Full textThe technological progress demands more and more sophisticated and precise techniques of the treatment of materials. We study the machining of the material with the high energy beams: the abrasive waterjet, the focused ion beam and the laser. Although the physics governing the energy beam interaction with material is very different for different application, we can use the same approach to the mathematical modeling of these processes.The evolution of the material surface under the energy beam impact is modeled by PDE equation. This equation contains a set of unknown parameters - the calibration parameters of the model. The unknown parameters can be identified by minimization of the cost function, i.e., function that describes the differ- ence between the result of modeling and the corresponding experimental data. As the modeled surface is a solution of the PDE problem, this minimization is an example of PDE-constrained optimization problem. The identification problem was regularized using Tikhonov regularization. The gradient of the cost function was obtained both by using the variational approach and by means of the automatic differentiation. Once the cost function and its gradient calculated, the minimization was performed using L-BFGS minimizer.For the abrasive waterjet application the problem of non-uniqueness of numerical solution is solved. The impact of the secondary effects non included into the model is avoided as well. The calibration procedure is validated on both synthetic and experimental data.For the laser application, we presented a simple criterion that allows to distinguish between the thermal and non-thermal laser ablation regimes
Touzeau, Clément. "CONTRIBUTION AU DÉVELOPPEMENT ET À L’ÉVALUATION DE MÉTHODES NUMÉRIQUES POUR L’IDENTIFICATION DES PARAMÈTRES DE MATÉRIAUX EN DYNAMIQUE." Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAB0006.
Full textThe material parameters identification procedure usually takes benefit of measured kinematicfield obtained by non intrusive techniques. In dynamics, such a procedure can be challengingbecause of the important flow of information to take into account. By the way, the reliability of thosemeasured information is likely to define the quality of the parameters identified. In this work, we developtwo new numerical tools in order to simplify the identification procedure in term of numericaland experimental implementation. The first tool, based on the virtual fields method, leads to a smallsystem inversion. This method allows one to significantly decrease the cost of one identification. Thismethod is compared to the finite element model updating method in linear elasticity. The second toolis a geometrical approach of the finite element model updating method. This new method aim atovercoming the deposit of a random speckle and of simplifying image processing associated with thedigital image correlation technique. Results demonstrate that the method is adapted to the frameworkof dynamics in large transformations. Both numerical tools are assessed in term of robustness andaccuracy when different kind of uncertainties are considered
Anglade, Célimène. "Contribution à l'identification des paramètres rhéologiques des suspensions cimentaires à l'état frais." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30031/document.
Full textThe thesis work is part of the numerical modeling of the flow of cementitious materials in the fresh state coupled with an identification procedure of the parameters. It deals in particular with the step of the development of the identification by inverse analysis. First,the literature review reveals the existence of rheometric tools dedicated to cementitious suspensions; The passage from the macroscopic quantities to the local ones is made either by the use of conventional geometries or by means of calibration methods. Nevertheless, these tools do not make it possible to find the expected single rheological signature for a given suspension. In addition, there are few studies reporting strategies for identifying constitutive parameters in the case of fresh cement-based materials and they are limited to local data. Then, a strategy consisting in identifying the parameters of a supposed law, directly on the basis of the simulated macroscopic measurements (torques, rotational speeds imposed on the shearing tool) was developed and validated in 2D, discussing in particular the efficiency Of the optimization algorithms tested (simplex method and genetic algorithms), according to the degree of knowledge that the user has of the material. Finally, the method has been applied in 3D on model fluids, assuming that they are homogeneous. The method appears effective in the case of pseudo-plastic fluid, in particular by combining both optimization algorithms used. But there remain obstacles to overcome in the case of visco-plastic fluids, probably related to the experimental tools rather than to the procedure of identification itself
Medianu, Silviu. "Identification des systèmes hamiltoniens à ports." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT116/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop a specific identification theory for Port Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems. The main reasons to develop this theory comes from their remarkable properties like power conservation and stability under power preserving interconnection (e.g. parallel, series or feedback interconnections). In a first part PCH systems are analysed for structural identifiability using some classical or new techniques: observability/controllability identifiability, direct test, power series expansion or a new power energy approach, defining also a new concept of port identifiability. Further it is proposed a perturbation model by means of the interaction port together with a practical identifiability analysis realized using the controllability and observability concepts. The fourth part presents a new framework for time-discretization of PCH systems in the nonlinear or linear case, by combined discretization of the flows and efforts preserving in the same time their characteristic properties. Also in this part it is proposed a discretization error Hamiltonian to distinguish the continuous-time PCH system from the discrete-time one. The fifth part of the thesis makes an analysis of PCH systems identifiability using the subspace identification approach in the deterministic case, proposing also a new power energy approach in direct connection with the structural identifiability results. In the end are presented the main conclusions, personal contributions and perspectives for future work
SEPULVEDA, CORTES MAURICIO. "Identification de paramètres pour un système hyperbolique : application à l'estimation des isothermes en chromatographie." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPXX0002.
Full textFahs, Hassane. "Identification des paramètres par approche inverse pour la simulation de l'hydrodynamique en milieux fracturés." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/FAHS_Hassane_2010.pdf.
Full textIn this work a robust numerical model is developed for identification of parameters for the simulation of hydrodynamics in fractured media. The first part of this work is devoted to the direct problem that is solved with the Mixed Hybrids Finite Element method (MHFE) and with the technique of mass lumping. The MHFE method reduces the problem to solving a linear system whose associated matrix is symmetric defined positive and mass lumping technique allows avoiding non-physical oscillations. The second part of this work is devoted to solve the inverse problem which is the minimization of an objective function defined by the difference between observations measured and calculated by the direct problem. The minimization problem is solved with the algorithm of Marquardt-Levenberg. This algorithm requires computing the gradient of the objective function which is ensured by the sensitivity method. The third part of this work concerns the parameterization which is the minimization of the number of parameters to be estimated. Because of its simplicity, we focus here on the parameterization by the method of zonation which is to subdivide the area studied in several areas considered homogeneous. Thus, identification of boundaries between zones is done with the technical of refinement indicators. Finally, the numerical model is validated on some numerical test cases and a real test case (the Hydrogeological Experimental Site "HES" of Poitiers
Al, Miah Hammodi. "Modélisation et identification en ligne des paramètres d'une machine asynchrone saturée en régime statique." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2318.
Full textBauzin, Gabriel. "Identification expérimentale des paramètres thermiques dans le contact entre deux solides en frottement sec." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100142.
Full textThermal contact between two solids in dry friction is modeled by 2 equations which introduce 3 parameters: thermal contact resistance, local heat partition coefficient and frictional heat flux. The aim of this work is to validate these equations and to estimate the parameter values. The experimental study is performed by using two hollow cylinders in axial contact, one being static and the other rotating. Temperatures are measured by thermocouple located at different height of cylinders. An estimation methodology is developed in order to determine the 3 parameter values using these measurements. A thoroughly sensitivity analysis is performed in order to warrant the experimental results and to give an interval of confidence for the obtained values. The thermal contact model is valid and the parameters estimation is feasible. Some results are determined for different materials and velocities
Elkhattabi, Nadia. "Identification des paramètres du moteur à induction pour la mesure in situ du rendement." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1502/1/030096572.pdf.
Full textMonnet, Tony. "Contribution à l'identification des paramètres inertiels des segments du corps humain." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202452.
Full textPlusieurs applications de cette méthode ont été réalisées et publiées. Les premières concernent la validation de la méthode d'identification à partir de mouvements simulés obtenus à l'aide du logiciel HuMAnS (INRIA). Cette application a permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de connaître précisément les centres articulaires afin de déterminer les paramètres inertiels. Les autres applications ont été menées in vivo et les paramètres inertiels des segments du membre supérieur ont ainsi été déterminés et comparés à des modélisations classiques. La méthode d'identification permet d'obtenir les paramètres inertiels personnalisés et constitue ainsi une alternative très intéressante aux modélisations classiques particulièrement dans le cas d'études incluant des populations particulières (sportifs « hors normes », obèses, handicapés) pour lesquelles aucun modèle n'est adapté.